Enamel acid etching. Medical search. Frequent questions

Phosphoric acid etch formula promotes paint adhesion to difficult substrates, like galvanised steel and aluminium. (u-pol.com)
The goal of this in vitro study was to identify whether occlusal enamel deproteinization is effective in the removal of organic material in order to obtain quality etching patterns using phosphoric acid (H3PO4) and sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) compared to phosphoric acid alone. (bvsalud.org)
The enamel deproteinization technique is an effective way to remove organic material on the occlusal surfaces of teeth , obtaining after phosphoric acid application, up to 72.38% of Types I and II etch patterns. (bvsalud.org)
In group CM (conventional method), teeth were etched with 37% phosphoric acid for 30 s. (researchgate.net)
METHODS: Enamel from freshly extracted permanent molar teeth was subjected to either laser treatment with an Nd:YAG laser in different laser parameters or was exposed to 37% phosphoric acid for 60 s (Gluma Gel, Bayer Dental). (who.int)
1 The application of phosphoric acid etching gels in total etch adhesive systems removes the smear layer completely. (thejcdp.com)
Next, 37% phosphoric acid was applied for 15 seconds as a total etch on the enamel, dentin and Biodentine. (dentalproductsreport.com)
Selective-etch is the placement of phosphoric acid on enamel only, indicated when using a self-etch or universal adhesive . (bisco.com)
The present study was undertaken to investigate the effect on enamel surface, penetration depth, and bond strength produced by 37% phosphoric acid and 20% sulfated polyacrylic acid as etching agents for direct bonding. (ijdr.in)
It was determined from the present study that a 30 sec application of 20% sulfated polyacrylic acid produced comparable etching topography with that of 37% phosphoric acid applied for 30 sec. (ijdr.in)
The 37% phosphoric acid dissolves enamel to a greater extent than does the 20% sulfated polyacrylic acid. (ijdr.in)
It was ascertained that crystal growth can be an alternative to conventional phosphoric acid etching as it dissolves lesser enamel and provides adequate tensile bond strength. (ijdr.in)
Since Buonocore first introduced the use of phosphoric acid for enamel etching, various other alternative acids and chelating agents have been studied. (ijdr.in)
The present study was undertaken to compare the effect of 20% sulfated polyacrylic acid (in which the ion solution used was potassium sulfate) and 37% phosphoric acid on enamel surface, penetration depth, and tensile bond strength. (ijdr.in)
The etching solution of 37% phosphoric acid (solution I) used in the study was obtained from Libral trader's Pvt. (ijdr.in)
It is ideal for enamel and dentine as it contains 37% phosphoric acid which stimulates strong adhesion. (dentaltix.com)
Stimulates strong adhesion due to its 37% phosphoric acid content. (dentaltix.com)
Etching Gel is a 37% phosphoric acid gel used for etching enamel and dentin to prepare the tooth surface prior to the application of a bonding agent. (pentron.com)
A self-etching primer is provided and eliminates the need for phosphoric acid etchant. (dentaladvisor.com)
Consultants commonly used sealants with phosphoric acid etchant, and they expressed interest in confirming the long-term retention results of BeautiSealant were competitive with acid etched sealants. (dentaladvisor.com)
BeautiSealant is easy to use and eliminates the need for phosphoric acid etching and rinsing. (dentaladvisor.com)
DenMat offers traditional phosphoric acid formulas as well as phosphoric acid and aluminum oxalate combined so you can etch enamel and condition dentin at the same time. (denmat.com)
Select HV Etch has a 35% concentration of phosphoric acid in a highly viscous gel form. (terradent.ro)
Effects of different types of laser etching versus phosphoric acid etching on shear bond strength of metal brackets to human enamel: A systematic review and meta-analysis of in vitro studies. (nih.gov)

Why the acid etchant is supplied in gel form? (dentaldevotee.com)

To determine the effects of thermocycling on shear bond strengths (SBSs) of a self-etching primer (SEP)after 10,000 and 20,000 thermal cycles. (researchgate.net)
OBJECTIVES: This study was conducted to evaluate enamel morphology after laser etching and acid etching and to determine the shear bond strength of composite to acid-etched and laser-treated enamel. (who.int)
Shear bond strengths of acid-etched and laser-etched enamel/composite (Brilliant Dentin, Coltene AG and Pekalux, Bayer Dental) were also determined. (who.int)
Laboratory testing by THE DENTAL ADVISOR found that BeautiSealant had a shear bond strength of 19.0 MPa to unground enamel and 23.4 MPa to ground enamel. (dentaladvisor.com)
A Comparison of the Shear Bond Strength of Zirconia to Enamel Using Different Surface Treatments. (tufts.edu)
Abstract: Objective The purpose of this in vitro study is to compare the shear bond strength of of air abraded zirconia, acid etched zirconia (Piranha solution), phosphate monomers, and silanization to enamel, all bonded with a phosphate-methacrylate resin cement. (tufts.edu)
Therefore, this method represents a practical procedure resulting in improved zirconia shear bond strength to enamel. (tufts.edu)

RESULTS: The acid-etched specimens exhibited a qualitatively different type of enamel surface morphology when compared with the laser-treated specimens. (who.int)
20 pps, 1.25 W) and acid-etched specimens. (who.int)
0.05) than the acid-etched enamel specimens. (who.int)
There were no significant differences considering the specimens exposed to papain before the total etch adhesive system ( p = 0.13), and the specimens were exposed to bromelain enzyme before self-etch and total etch adhesive systems ( p = 0.25, p = 0.84, respectively). (thejcdp.com)
The enamel specimens (E) were divided into nine groups and the dentin (D) specimens were divided into seven groups according to the surface treatments (n = 6). (hacettepe.edu.tr)
The specimens were prepared from bovine enamel. (usp.br)
Seven specimens of dentin or cut enamel were made for each set. (ultradent.com)

In this in vitro experimental study, 60 extracted human upper premolars were cut 0.5 mm deep under occlusal DEJ and were randomly divided into six groups ( n = 10) based on the method of dentin treatment and adhesive system: (A) two steps self-etch adhesive system (Clearfil SE bond) and (B) two steps of total etch bonding system (Adper single bond 2). (thejcdp.com)
Additionally, the application of bromelain enzyme as dentin treatment before two adhesive systems and papain before total etch adhesive system had no effect on the SBS of composite to superficial dentin. (thejcdp.com)
1 , 2 The dentin bonding agents such as total etch and self-etch, which are employed may not completely penetrate into the demineralized dentin. (thejcdp.com)
The depth of demineralization with self-etch adhesive systems is less comparable to total etch adhesive systems. (thejcdp.com)

Bonding using ERAs include the acid-etching removal of the mineral phase from the substrates of enamel and dentine. (intechopen.com)
However, etching dentine may result in too much demineralization and wetness with discrepancies in reinforcement at the bottom of hybrid layer. (intechopen.com)
Indications: Etching of enamel surface or dentine before the preparation of a composite or bonded amalgam filling, before the preparation of a sandwich composite filling with a glass ionomer cement, before adhesive fixation of an aesthetic facet, either ceramic or composite, before the fixation of an inlay or onlay, the root pin, a crown or a bridge with a composite cement. (pentron.com)
Enamel specifically evolved to function as an scratch resistant, protective coating for blocks of dentine projecting into the unwritten pit as Crowns of dentition. (graduateway.com)
Enamel crystallites contain more than one 1000 times the volume of matching crystals in bone, dentine and cementum. (graduateway.com)
Dentine and enamel formation take topographic point at the same time, and both procedures start along a line that will go the dentino enamel junction, or DEJ. (graduateway.com)

The tested hypothesis was that 10,000 and 20,000 thermal cycles would affect the bond strength of metal brackets bonded to enamel with the self-etching primer. (researchgate.net)
In group SEP, a self-etching primer (Transbond Plus, 3M Unitek) was applied. (researchgate.net)
The cast aluminum needs to treated beforehand with a specific type of acid-based primer. (ehow.com)
Wear a respirator and coat the furniture with galvanized metal self-etching spray primer. (ehow.com)
Add a second coat of enamel to the cast aluminum patio furniture if the self-etching primer shows through. (ehow.com)
Thoroughly coat enamel surfaces to be sealed with primer. (dentaladvisor.com)
The bond between zirconia treated with air particle abrasion and zirconia primer, and resin cement is comparable to the bond between resin cement and enamel. (tufts.edu)

Acid etching the dentin and enamel. (petalumaorthodontic.com)
Peak Universal Bond adhesive recorded the highest bond strengths on both dentin and enamel. (ultradent.com)

Z250 composite resin blocks (4 x 3 x 8 mm) were prepared for cementation at enamel and dentin. (bvsalud.org)
After application of etch-and-rinse adhesive, composite built-ups were created with a nanoceramic composite. (hacettepe.edu.tr)
Even though the moisture after etching composite and the underlying mineralized dentin8. (bvsalud.org)

SEAs avoid the separate etching phase of ERAs using acidic functional monomers. (intechopen.com)
However, is essential for successful bonding using etch-and- rinse the permeation of resin monomers within exposed collagen adhesives, it also affects the long-term bonding stability9,10. (bvsalud.org)

dental acid etching. (bvsalud.org)
The primary responsibility of an orthodontist is to preserve the dental enamel structure during debonding ceramic brackets. (hindawi.com)
Effect of etching and airborne particle abrasion on the microstructure of different dental ceramics. (unicamp.br)
The organisation and mineralization give dental enamel its alone physical belongingss, doing it the hardest tissue in the organic structure. (graduateway.com)
Calcium hydoxapatite can be prepared in the lab every bit good but it is ever different from those of dental enamel. (graduateway.com)

and Group 5 (PDA) Polish, rinse, sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) 5.25% for 60 seconds, and acid etching with H3PO4 37% for 15 seconds. (bvsalud.org)
This is possible due to a polymerizing hybrid layer interface created by the use of the Etch&Rinse (ERAs) and self-etching adhesives (SEAs). (intechopen.com)
Microtensile bond strength of an etch-and-rinse adhesive to enamel and dentin after Er:YAG laser pretreatment with different pulse durations. (hacettepe.edu.tr)
The purpose of this study is to evaluate microtensile bond strength (mu TBS) of an etch-and-rinse adhesive to enamel and dentin after treatment with Er:YAG laser using different pulse durations. (hacettepe.edu.tr)
Probably the only enamel etching acid with super fast rinse in just 5 seconds! (terradent.ro)
to evaluate the bond strength (BS) to dentin pre-treated with ethanol in single application for 20 s after etching and before application of a two- step etch-and-rinse adhesive and to analyze the morphological features at the resin-dentin interface. (bvsalud.org)
fibrils is not complete8,15 and one of the reasons for this to Although immediate bond strengths of contemporary adhesives occur is the presence of residual water from the etch-and-rinse have been acceptable and in some cases relatively high6,7,11,12, technique16. (bvsalud.org)

1 To overcome these problems, a number of self-etch adhesive systems were introduced based on a smear layer-modifying bonding strategy. (thejcdp.com)

Forty-eight bovine teeth were selected and had the buccal surface ground to obtain a flat dentin (n=24) or enamel (n=24) surface. (bvsalud.org)
In rare circumstances enamel fails to form, leaving the underlying dentin exposed on the surface. (wikipedia.org)
citation needed] In humans, enamel varies in thickness over the surface of the tooth, often thickest at the cusp, up to 2.5 mm, and thinnest at its border with the cementum at the cementoenamel junction (CEJ). (wikipedia.org)
Posterior restorations built up with the novel nanocomposites using an antibacterial self-etching system showed satisfactory results at the 18-month recall appointment relative to all criteria except the surface texture in the case of Grandio. (researchgate.net)
Surface profile analysis of the enamel was undertaken with a Perthometer (S8P, Feinpruif). (who.int)
SIGNIFICANCE: Although the laser roughened the surface of the enamel, it did not provide a surface as retentive as a surface treated with conventional acid etching. (who.int)
Eighty teeth were used to study the efficacy of the etching agents on the enamel surface, penetration depth, and tensile bond strength. (ijdr.in)
The efficacy of a number of organic and inorganic acids along with chelating agents of different concentrations and the duration of their application have been evaluated in an effort to obtain optimal etching of the enamel surface. (ijdr.in)
They were used to study the efficacy of the two etching agents on enamel surface, for direct bonding of orthodontic attachments. (ijdr.in)
Effect on enamel surface - a scanning electron microscope (SEM) study.Assessment of penetration depth - a 3-D profilometer study.Assessment of tensile bond strength - a universal instron testing machine study. (ijdr.in)
This paper aims for an effective evidence-based debonding protocol to keep the enamel surface intact. (hindawi.com)
Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was used to visualize better microporosities and micromechanical retention of adhesive remnants on the enamel surface. (hindawi.com)
The ultrasonic scaler (US) technique led to more significant enamel surface damage, with 13 (65%) samples in the ESI scores III and IV against the satisfactory surface in 2 (10%) samples with the ligature cutter (LC) technique (ESI-I) reflecting LC as a better technique. (hindawi.com)
The ESI scores (III and IV) for debonding plier (DP) and thermal method (TM) reflected a higher value in 12 (60%) and 10 (50%) samples and caused more damage to the enamel surface as compared to the LC technique. (hindawi.com)
This will etch the cast aluminum, effectively creating a surface more conducive for paint adhesion. (ehow.com)
Ensure that the enamel surface is clean before application. (dentaladvisor.com)
One surface of the blown object is matted by the addition of acid. (stylendesign.co.uk)
The Effect of hydrofluoric acid concentration on the bond strength and morphology of the surface and interface of glass ceramics to a resin cement. (unicamp.br)
Naves LZ, Soares CJ, Moraes RR, Gonçalves LS, Sinhoreti MA, Correr-Sobrinho L. Surface/interface morphology and bond strength to glass ceramic etched for different periods. (unicamp.br)
This study aimed to evaluate in vitro the efficacy of the application of infiltrant, compared to sealant and two different adhesive systems on prevention (phase 1 - sound enamel) and inhibition of the progression of erosive lesions associated or no the enamel surface conditioning prior to application of the material (phase 2). (usp.br)
Etching of enamel surface with H2(PO4)3, creates a microporous etched surface of 15-25 microns how much of this thickness is contributed by enamel in microns? (dentaldevotee.com)

Tooth enamel is one of the four major tissues that make up the tooth in humans and many animals, including some species of fish. (wikipedia.org)
It is a very hard, white to off-white, highly mineralised substance that acts as a barrier to protect the tooth but can become susceptible to degradation, especially by acids from food and drink. (wikipedia.org)
Enamel is formed on the tooth while the tooth develops within the jaw bone before it erupts into the mouth. (wikipedia.org)
The maintenance and repair of human tooth enamel is one of the primary concerns of dentistry. (wikipedia.org)
Since enamel is semitranslucent, the color of dentin and any material underneath the enamel strongly affects the appearance of a tooth. (wikipedia.org)
Tooth enamel ranks 5 on Mohs hardness scale (between steel and titanium) and has a Young's modulus of 83 GPa. (wikipedia.org)
Enamel rods are found in rows along the tooth, and within each row, the long axis of the enamel rod is generally perpendicular to the underlying dentin. (wikipedia.org)
In permanent teeth, the enamel rods near the cementoenamel junction (CEJ) tilt slightly toward the root of the tooth. (wikipedia.org)
Acid etched tooth was contaminated with oil from airotor, what should be done? (dentaldevotee.com)
It involves the publicity of enamel remineralization, the Restoration of carious enamel where the mineralization of the tooth can non be restores, the bleaching of discolored dentitions, the diagnosing and intervention of developmental enamel deformities, which can be caused by environmental or familial factors. (graduateway.com)
Tooth enamel is a really alone tissue because of its high mineral content. (graduateway.com)

CHARDONS', AN EMILE GALLÉ ACID-ETCHED AND ENAMELLED GLASS VASE CIRCA 1900 green-tinted clear glass, decorated in enamels with thistles, enamel mark E.Gallé 3½ in. (lotsearch.de)
Etched, painted and stained antique glass. (bsmgp.org.uk)
Painted, stained and enamelled glass. (bsmgp.org.uk)
The Basse-taille technique engages the effect of transparent vitreous enamel glass overlay, fired onto heavy gauge metal substrate that is acid etched to multiple depths. (custommade.com)
The complex, acid etched design is built up over many days and serves as a setting for the sequential, exactly timed kiln firings of the glass at approximately 1500 deg F. The transparency of the glass overlay picks up and reflects light in a very special way. (custommade.com)
Our range of decorative products comprises transparent or translucent glass such as screen printed glass, laminated glass with tinted or white translucent interlayer, sand blasted or acid etched glass, texture glass, or fully opaque products such as enamelled glass, mirrors, and reflective spandrel panels. (pilkington.com)
The Lacobel T and Matelac T product lines are comprised of float glass that are back-painted and can be quickly and easily tempered to create a true enameled glass. (interiordesign.net)
Metalac is a float glass that has been acid-etched on one side, rendering a satin-like finish. (interiordesign.net)
Cameo glass pieces were produced in a series, typically acid cut, sometimes with added enamel. (stylendesign.co.uk)
Marks on objects appear in the form of either a Registered Design lozenge or just a number, either moulded into pressed glass, or etched (with acid or diamond-point), gilded or enamelled on hand-blown glass. (great-glass.co.uk)
Their glass wares were similar in the use of the techniques of acid-etching, wheel carving, and heightening with enamel, of cameo glass. (gildings.co.uk)
Daum glass became more elaborate, acid etching (by Jacques Gruber) was often combined with carving, enamelling and engraving on a single piece of glass to produce creative glass master-pieces. (ophirgallery.com)
Hydrogen fluoride is used in separating uranium isotopes, as a cracking catalyst in oil refineries, and for etching glass and enamel, removing rust, and cleaning brass and crystal. (cdc.gov)

It has been suggested that the color is determined by differences in the translucency of enamel, yellowish teeth having a thin, translucent enamel through which the yellow color of the dentin is visible and grayish teeth having a more opaque enamel. (wikipedia.org)
At the edges of teeth where there is no dentin underlying the enamel, the color sometimes has a slightly blue or translucent off-white tone, easily observable on the upper incisors. (wikipedia.org)
The enamel on primary teeth has a more opaque crystalline form and thus appears whiter than on permanent teeth. (wikipedia.org)

Acid etching prior to RelyX Unicem application did not improve microtensile bond strength for enamel and dentin. (bvsalud.org)
Laser treatment could enhance or impair the mu TBS to enamel and dentin depending on the pulse duration used and additional acid application. (hacettepe.edu.tr)

What is Selective-etch? (bisco.com)
Indicated in selective or hybrid acid etching techniques - precise etching of enamel edges only. (terradent.ro)

RelyX Unicem showed similar bond strength value (16.5 MPa) when compared to the pretreatment with acid etching (11.9 Mpa) and to the conventional resin cement (18.1 MPa) for enamel. (bvsalud.org)
All luting strategies presented similar dentin bond strength, but significantly lower than enamel bond strength. (bvsalud.org)
Twenty percent sulfated polyacrylic acid provided adequate tensile bond strength. (ijdr.in)
None have proved to be having significant advantage, and most have shown poorer etch pattern production, lower bond strength, or even excessive enamel dissolution. (ijdr.in)
9],[10] The bond strength for the group treated with polyacrylic acid was lower than those reported by Maijer and Smith. (ijdr.in)
Effect of bonding material, etching time and silane on the bond strength of metallic orthodontic brackets to ceramic. (unicamp.br)
Microtensile bond strength of an etch-an. (hacettepe.edu.tr)

The discrepancy between depth of dentin demineralization after the acid-etching and depth of resin infiltration can provide a pathway for hydrolytic degradation. (thejcdp.com)
The manufacturer states that Giomer have been shown to slow demineralization, promote remineralization, provide fluoride uptake, neutralize acid, and decrease cariogenic bacteria production. (dentaladvisor.com)

Measuring 4-8 μm in diameter, an enamel rod, formally called an enamel prism, is a tightly packed mass of hydroxyapatite crystallites in an organized pattern. (wikipedia.org)
citation needed] The arrangement of the crystallites within each enamel rod is highly complex. (wikipedia.org)
Both ameloblasts (the cells which initiate enamel formation) and Tomes' processes affect the crystallites' pattern. (wikipedia.org)
Enamel crystallites in the head of the enamel rod are oriented parallel to the long axis of the rod. (wikipedia.org)
When found in the tail of the enamel rod, the crystallites' orientation diverges slightly (65 degrees) from the long axis. (wikipedia.org)
Enamel is made of tightly packed crystallites that make up for 87 per centum of its volume and 95 per centum of its weight. (graduateway.com)

1] Iatrogenic effects of conventional acid etch bonding are: loss of enamel while debonding, increased plaque retention, loss of fluoride rich enamel with aging, etc. (ijdr.in)

Enamel is considered the hardest tissue in the organic structure, being of epithelial beginning it acts as a protective covering for the dentition. (graduateway.com)

acid etching group, the undesirable Type-III pattern (discussed later) was found in Group 4 (PA) (33.54%), while this was only 7.70% in Group 5, nearly five times more than Group 4, with a significant statistical difference (0.05). (bvsalud.org)

Etching Types I or II can also be determined by the removal of organic material in between enamel crystals. (bvsalud.org)
Enamel is the hardest substance in the human body and contains the highest percentage of minerals (at 96%), with water and organic material composing the rest. (wikipedia.org)
Once it is mature, enamel is almost totally without the softer organic matter. (wikipedia.org)
To counterbalance for this inert restriction, enamel has acquired a really high grade of mineralization rendered possible by the about entire absence of organic matrix in its mature province. (graduateway.com)
As compared to other mineralized tissues which are about 20 per centum organic in nature the enamel has less than 1 per centum organic affair. (graduateway.com)
In fact, this is due to the fact that dentin bonding collagen matrix as the scaffold for resin infiltration, to relies on organic components which are not remarkable in produce a hybrid layer that couples the adhesives, the resin enamel bonding4,5,6,8. (bvsalud.org)

Deproteinization Effectiveness on Occlusal Enamel Surfaces and Resultant Acid Etching Patterns: An in vitro Study. (bvsalud.org)

Ozcan M, Allahbeickaraghi A, Dündar M. Possible hazardous effects of hydrofluoric acid and recommendations for treatment approach: a review. (unicamp.br)
Hydrofluoric acid is a serious systemic poison. (cdc.gov)
Although hydrofluoric acid is weak compared with most other mineral acids, it can produce serious health effects by any route of exposure. (cdc.gov)
Ingestion of even a small amount of hydrofluoric acid is likely to produce systemic effects and may be fatal. (cdc.gov)

All these features reflect the unusual life rhythm of enamel forming ameloblasts and the alone physiochemical features of the matrix proteins that modulate the formation of its long crystals. (graduateway.com)

Brackets were bonded to bovine incisors with two etching protocols. (researchgate.net)

When differences were sought for Types I and II etch patterns (discussed later) for Groups 4 and 5, Group 4 (PA) obtained 26.29% (Type I) and 1.75% (Type II) etch patterns, compared to Group 5 (PDA) with 33.4% (Type I) and 38.97% (Type II) etch patterns. (bvsalud.org)

Instron Universal testing machine was used to evaluate the bond strengths of the two etching agents. (ijdr.in)

The group with 10% papain as a deproteinizing agent before the self-etching adhesive system showed the highest SBS ( p = 0.029). (thejcdp.com)

citation needed] The large amount of mineral in enamel accounts not only for its strength but also for its brittleness. (wikipedia.org)
The mineral procedure taking topographic point in the enamel is closely related to that of Ca hydro apatite [ Ca10 ( PO4 ) 6 ( OH ) 2 ] , but contains many drosss, such as carbonates substitute for phosphate in the crystal lattice. (graduateway.com)
It is produced commercially by action of sulfuric acid on the mineral fluorspar. (cdc.gov)

Enamel crystals are highly long relation to their thickness and are extremely oriented. (graduateway.com)

On the side of the enamel, the crystals enlarge into long thin threads. (graduateway.com)

Acid etched copper, enamel, silver. (stephaniesavicpolk.com)
New wares and techniques in the period included Rococo style pieces, the invention of printing on porcelain from engraved copper plates by partner Robert Hancock, and Worcester's famous Scale blue porcelain in the 1760s which used underglaze blue backgrounds with a high standard of gilding and enamelling. (worldcollectorsnet.com)
Bott was inspired by enamel work on copper from Limoges, Franc. (worldcollectorsnet.com)

Enamel does not contain collagen, as found in other hard tissues such as dentin and bone, but it does contain two unique classes of proteins: amelogenins and enamelins. (wikipedia.org)

The procedure of enamel ripening continues after the eruption of the dentitions so that erupted dentitions can go less susceptible to disintegrate over clip. (graduateway.com)

Understanding enamel orientation is very important in restorative dentistry, because enamel unsupported by underlying dentin is prone to fracture. (wikipedia.org)

Extracted human molars were flattened to obtain enamel or dentin surfaces. (hacettepe.edu.tr)

Anatomy13

Organisms1

Diseases12

Chemicals and Drugs46

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment34

Phenomena and Processes18

Disciplines and Occupations2

Anthropology, Education, Sociology and Social Phenomena1

Technology, Industry, Agriculture30

Health Care2

Phosphoric24

Etchant1

Shear7

Specimens7

Total etch4

Dentine6

Primer7

Dentin and enamel2

Composite3

Monomers2

Dental5

Rinse7

Smear layer1

Surface21

Tooth11

Glass13

Teeth3

Application2

Selective2

Bond strength7

Demineralization2

Crystallites6

Conventional acid1

Dentition1

0.051

Organic6

Vitro1

Hydrofluoric acid4

Ameloblasts1

Bovine1

Patterns1

Evaluate1

System showed1

Mineral3

Thickness1

Crystals1

Copper3

Collagen1

Procedure1

Restorative1

Surfaces1