• Following the revision of the Gothenburg Protocol in 2012 (UNECE, 2012), Directive (EU) 2016/2284 sets emission reduction targets for some atmospheric pollutants (Official Journal of the European Union, 17/12/2016). (indicators.be)
  • Article 4 (3) of Directive (EU) 2016/2284 states that emissions from manure management and agricultural soils are not accounted for the purpose of compliance assessment. (epa.ie)
  • Nitrogen oxides emissions (NOx) in Germany plunged by 44% between 1995 and 2016. (dbresearch.de)
  • Having risen in 2014, 2015 and 2016, emissions from Industry fell in 2017 and 2018, due to a drop in emissions from the energy supply sector, NACE 35 (see Figure 1 and Table 1). (cso.ie)
  • These emission standards are effective from 01 July 2016 and apply to gensets above 400 cc and up to 800 kW. (indiatimes.com)
  • 63. In 2016, almost all nitrogen oxides emissions (99%) came from the burning of fuels: 34% for road transport, 23% for other forms of transport (including off-road vehicles and mobile machinery), 22% from power stations and other energy producers, and 12% from other industrial sites. (parliament.uk)
  • The EU's 2016 National Emission Ceilings Directive sets national 'ceilings' for air pollutants, including nitrogen oxides and ammonia. (parliament.uk)
  • 67. Emissions of ni trogen oxides in 2016 had fallen by 72 per cent since 1970 to 0.89 million tonnes. (parliament.uk)
  • Emissions from this greenhouse gas reduced from just under 170 kilotonnes in 1990 to just over 72 kilotonnes in 2016. (parliament.uk)
  • Agriculture alone accounted for almost 70 per cent of global nitrous oxide emissions in the decade to 2016. (www.csiro.au)
  • Plain Language Summary Nitrogen oxides are a key family of pollutants emitted by cars, electric utilities, and industry. (nasa.gov)
  • Despite a decline in emissions of general air pollutants, the ultimate goal of avoiding all harmful effects on health, vegetation, water and soil has still to be achieved. (europa.eu)
  • In May 1999, the European Commission presented a proposal for a Directive on national emission ceilings (NECD) (European Commission, 1999a) for the same pollutants as CLRTAP and, for the first time, for ammonia. (europa.eu)
  • In a parallel process, on 1 December 1999 the CLRTAP agreed on national emission ceilings for many European countries (including EU Member States) in a new multi-pollutant Protocol for the same four pollutants as NECD. (europa.eu)
  • Oxides of nitrogen are one of three pollutants the Environmental Protection Agency and the Air Resources Board measure to see whether vehicles meet acceptable emissions levels and can be sold legally. (latimes.com)
  • Pakistan, national air quality guidelines are tion of specified gaseous emissions from proposed for 6 major pollutants. (who.int)
  • Nitrous Oxide (N2O) is an important greenhouse gas that is often overshadowed by the focus on Carbon Dioxide (CO2), but increasing concentrations of nitrous oxide over the past two centuries have also contributed significantly to climate change and ozone depletion. (organic-center.org)
  • Introduction to special section: Subsonic Assessment Ozone and Nitrogen Oxide. (nasa.gov)
  • A study of DLR scientists shows for the first time that in Europe land traffic emissions are responsible for 50% to 70% of the ground-level reactive nitrogen, leading to contributions of up to 16% of ground-level ozone. (dlr.de)
  • In the presence of the sun's rays, nitrogen molecules set of a chain of reactions that produce ozone and destroy free-floating atmospheric methane. (grist.org)
  • The area where the critical load of acidifying emissions is exceeded has fallen significantly, but substantial parts of the population in EEA member countries are exposed to unacceptable concentrations of ground-level ozone and fine particles. (europa.eu)
  • Adding one diesel SUV to the city fleet in Delhi-NCR is equal to adding 25 to 65 small petrol cars in terms of nitrogen oxide, a very harmful gas that also forms deadly ozone," CSE said in a statement. (hindustantimes.com)
  • Nitrous oxide in the atmosphere contributes to global warming as well as depleting the ozone layer. (www.csiro.au)
  • Gasoline-powered tug tailpipe emissions for hydrocarbons (HC), CO, and oxides of nitrogen (NOx) were measured at two airports while the tugs idled. (cdc.gov)
  • Overall, this study provides an important reminder that science measuring greenhouse gases should consider both natural and human-induced emissions of nitrous oxide and not focus solely on carbon dioxide emissions. (organic-center.org)
  • Like carbon dioxide, how we manage our food production plays a critical role in mitigating NO2 emissions. (organic-center.org)
  • In 2021, nitrogen oxide emissions amounted to 142.1 thousand tonnes of nitrogen dioxide in Belgium. (indicators.be)
  • Nitrogen oxide emissions (NO x ) measure the total NO x emissions on Belgian territory, expressed in kilotonnes of nitrogen dioxide (kt NO 2 ). (indicators.be)
  • Carbon dioxide emissions aren't the only way aviation warms the planet. (grist.org)
  • The fifth environmental action programme emission reduction targets for 2000 will be achieved for sulphur dioxide, but are unlikely to be met for nitrogen oxides and volatile organic compounds (VOCs). (europa.eu)
  • The proposed EU and national 2010 targets for sulphur dioxide appear achievable, but reaching those for nitrogen oxide, ammonia and VOC emissions will require substantial further reductions and additional policies and measures in most Member States. (europa.eu)
  • Resident emissions abroad include carbon dioxide emissions from flights by Irish airlines originating in countries other than Ireland. (cso.ie)
  • Greenhouse gas emissions from Agriculture, Forestry and Fishing were at their highest of the period 2013-2018 in 2018 at 20.7 million tonnes of carbon dioxide equivalent. (cso.ie)
  • The Industry sector was the only sector to show a decrease in emissions in 2018, when emissions were 19.9 million tonnes of carbon dioxide equivalent. (cso.ie)
  • Disturbance usually leads to increased availability of organic material and increased decomposition of soil organic matter, which means larger carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) emissions. (lu.se)
  • Previous studies have shown that clear-cuts, which is the result of the dominating harvesting method in Sweden, causes large emissions of carbon dioxide during 10-20 years. (lu.se)
  • NOx are generally reported as nitrogen dioxide (NO2). (who.int)
  • In Sammaltunturi, ICOS measures cover most important greenhouse gases including carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4), carbon monoxide (CO) and nitrous oxide (N2O), which are contributing to the increase in the global temperature of the Earth. (lu.se)
  • From 2020 onwards, Belgium's NO x emissions must be 41% lower than in 2005. (indicators.be)
  • Ireland's national emission reduction commitment for NOx for 2020 under the NECD was a 49 per cent reduction compared to a 2005 baseline level. (epa.ie)
  • On that basis emissions have reduced by 53.8 per cent in the period 2005-2021 and therefore Ireland remains in compliance with the emission reduction commitment for 2020 Ireland has an emission reduction commitment of 69% for 2030 compared to 2005 levels. (epa.ie)
  • 61. Nitrogen plays a role in air pollution primarily through two of its forms - ammonia and nitrogen oxides. (parliament.uk)
  • Ammonia emissions from agriculture contribute to acidification of water sources with a devastating effect on biodiversity, 150 and have a deleterious impact on fauna and fungi. (parliament.uk)
  • 62. The agricultural sector is responsible for about 88 percent of the UK's ammonia emissions, 160 and emissions from dairy farms have doubled over the past 10 years. (parliament.uk)
  • 161 We heard evidence that ammonia emissions may have increased due to the use of anaerobic digestate and spreading of urea fertilisers as opposed to ammonium nitrate-based fertilisers. (parliament.uk)
  • U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Air Emissions Inventories, Air Pollutant Emissions Trends Data , National Tier 1 CAPS Trends, available at https://www.epa.gov/air-emissions-inventories/air-pollutant-emissions-trends-data as of Sept. 20, 2023. (bts.gov)
  • EEA (2023), Air pollutant emissions data viewer (LRTAP Convention), https://www.eea.europa.eu/data-and-maps/dashboards/air-pollutant-emissions-data-viewer-4 (consulted on 20/03/2023). (indicators.be)
  • Further information can be found in Ireland's Air Pollutant Emissions 1990-2030 report . (epa.ie)
  • National accounts record the economic activities of resident units of Ireland, therefore greenhouse gas and air pollutant emissions by resident units can be directly related to the economic indicators recorded in national accounts. (cso.ie)
  • Sulzer's solution, a combustion automatic tuning adjustment system (CATS), served to optimize combustion stability in the gas turbine by identifying and reacting to operational thresholds, while reducing NOx emissions. (sulzer.com)
  • A case of NO emissions from co-combustion of coal and wood is selected to test the models, a very severe test because it is presently difficult to accurately describe the release and combustion of volatiles by the model. (chalmers.se)
  • See also Heat of combustion , Fuels - Higher and Lower Calorific Value and Combustion of fuels - CO 2 emissions . (engineeringtoolbox.com)
  • 65. Other relevant directives include the Industrial Emission Directive (IED) and the Medium Combustion Plant Directive which target emissions, including nitrogen oxides. (parliament.uk)
  • For combustion vehicles, the most efficient way to reduce EC emissions is by using aftertreatment systems focused on removing the PM, such as DPFs. (lu.se)
  • Since the 2000s, Nitrogen oxide (NOx) emissions from vessels have been regulated through the International Maritime Organization's (IMO) International Convention for the Prevention of Pollution from Ships (MARPOL). (amsa.gov.au)
  • The effective strategy to control SNA and hence PM 2.5 pollution over China should thus be based on improving understanding of current NH 3 emissions and putting more emphasis on controlling NH 3 emissions in the future. (copernicus.org)
  • Policies to reduce emissions are increasingly considering various pollution problems together in a multi-pollutant, multi-effect approach ( Figure 10.1 ). (europa.eu)
  • There haven't been enough advances in motorcycle emissions technologies to enable further pollution reduction to any significant degree. (latimes.com)
  • Noncompliant Chinese vehicles have become such a pollution issue in California, in fact, that the Air Resources Board has just added a new motorcycle emissions facility at its Haagen-Smit Lab in El Monte to test them. (latimes.com)
  • In 2021, Jiangsu Province in China announced its "Stationary Gas Turbine Air Pollutant Emission Standard," stipulating a NOx emission limit of 30 mg/m3, effective March 2023. (sulzer.com)
  • In the face of climate change, quantification of the emission of nitrous oxide from soils in relation to sufficient N availability for crop uptake has assumed much significance. (edu.gh)
  • The main environmental problems associated with air emissions are harm to human health, the acidification and eutrophication of water and soils, and damage to natural ecosystems, cultural heritage and crops. (europa.eu)
  • Emissions from natural sources (such as soils and oceans) have not changed much in recent decades. (www.csiro.au)
  • Fugitive dust emissions are caused by disturbing and moving soils, blowing dust from moving vehicles, and other activities (Ringen, Seegal et al. (cdc.gov)
  • In addition, boreal forest soils normally take up methane (CH 4 ) from the atmosphere and there is a risk that this uptake of CH 4 is reduced or even turned into an emission following a severe disturbance. (lu.se)
  • In a study published this week in Nature Climate Change, she outlines all the ways to get there, including rules for more efficient flying, new technologies like low-carbon fuels and batteries, and more intensive efforts to remove carbon from the air that would go beyond canceling out aviation's CO2 emissions, accounting for all of the industry's warming effects. (grist.org)
  • Other human-derived sources of nitrous oxide include the chemical industry, waste water and the burning of fossil fuels. (www.csiro.au)
  • A way to reduce harmful exhaust and greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and secure the sources of energy is to develop technology for an efficient diesel engine operation independent of fossil fuels. (lu.se)
  • There is a lack of data on how renewable fuels change the semi-volatile organic fraction of exhaust emissions. (lu.se)
  • When the emissions were aged in an oxidation flow reactor to simulate secondary organic aerosol (SOA) formation in the atmosphere, it was found that OA concentration strongly increased for all fuels. (lu.se)
  • Renewable diesel fuels have been developed and introduced to the market to reduce the net CO2 emissions. (lu.se)
  • The overall aim of this thesis was to understand the effect of introducing renewable diesel fuels and emission abatement techniques on health relevant exhaust emissions. (lu.se)
  • Laboratory studies were performed to assess the primary and secondary emissions from a heavy-duty diesel engine fueled by the renewable diesel fuels HVO (hydrotreated vegetable oil) and RME (rapeseed methyl ester).The emissions were characterized by detailed particle and gas measurements. (lu.se)
  • This document specifies a method for the determination of nitrogen oxides (NO x ) in flue gas of stationary sources and describes the fundamental structure and the key performance characteristics of automated measuring systems. (iso.org)
  • For the University's permit, the affected facilities are stationary sources (e.g., boiler) often referred to as an emission unit which is any part or activity of a source that emits a regulated air pollutant or HAP (e.g., boiler stack). (uky.edu)
  • We use a chemical transport model to examine the change of sulfate-nitrate-ammonium (SNA) aerosols over China due to anthropogenic emission changes of their precursors (SO 2 , NO x and NH 3 ) from 2000 to 2015. (copernicus.org)
  • From 2000 to 2006, annual mean SNA concentrations increased by about 60% over China as a result of the 60% and 80% increases in SO 2 and NO x emissions. (copernicus.org)
  • Artificial neural network models were developed for CO 2 , CO, NOx, and PM emissions from a 1999 Cummins ISM 370 engine. (sae.org)
  • Emissions related to agriculture (livestock manure and agricultural soil management, i.e. 8% of the total in 2018) are not covered by this Directive. (indicators.be)
  • Greenhouse gas emissions from the Services sector rose 52.9% from 2013 to 2018. (cso.ie)
  • The Services sector, which includes road and air transport, produced 31% of greenhouse gas emissions by resident units in 2018. (cso.ie)
  • Emissions from the sector increased in each year from 2015 to 2018 inclusive. (cso.ie)
  • In 2018 emissions were 8% higher than in 2013. (cso.ie)
  • As reported in the latest global nitrous oxide budget , nitrous oxide concentrations in the atmosphere reached 331 parts per billion in 2018. (www.csiro.au)
  • We analyze comprehensive aircraft observations of nitrogen oxides and their atmospheric products over the Northeast United States during winter 2015. (nasa.gov)
  • The significantly reduced hydrocarbon emissions from RME also reduced the secondary aerosol formation, and thus potentially reducing the total atmospheric particle mass burden. (lu.se)
  • The objective is to introduce limitations to a number of activities that are linked to atmospheric emissions - with particular attention to the levels of nitrogen oxide - in the context of a broader set of actions aimed at addressing the deteriorating air quality in the Milan region. (who.int)
  • Various catalytic control strategies must be carefully considered in order to make substantial progress towards meeting che more stringent NOx and hydrocarbon emission standards being proposed for the 1990s. (sae.org)
  • Advanced analyzing techniques were used to characterize the composition of the organic PM. Special attention was paid to an operating point at 18% intake oxygen level with constant engine operating conditions where the emission level of nitrogen oxides (NOx) was low, and carbon monoxide (CO) and total hydrocarbon (THC) were relatively low. (lu.se)
  • The fuel change also reduced the hydrocarbon and carbon monoxide emissions, particularly from RME. (lu.se)
  • These standards impose limits on the concentration of specified gaseous emissions from industrial units and automobiles. (who.int)
  • The continuous emissions data were the desired output that the ANN models learned to predict through an iterative training process. (sae.org)
  • The study also found that livestock manure and aquaculture are significant contributors of nitrous oxide gas, and that reducing global meat consumption and food waste can be impactful in mitigating N2O emissions. (organic-center.org)
  • Nitrous oxide is released following the application of nitrogen fertilisers and from livestock manure. (www.csiro.au)
  • Jarrett, R. and Clark, N., "Weighting of Parameters in Artificial Neural Network Prediction of Heavy-Duty Diesel Engine Emissions," SAE Technical Paper 2002-01-2878, 2002, https://doi.org/10.4271/2002-01-2878 . (sae.org)
  • The source of these data is an unpublished NREL report by Erin Kassoy entitled 'Modeling diesel exhaust emissions in diesel retrofits. (homerenergy.com)
  • The occupational exposure to diesel exhaust from vehicles in a Swedish modern underground mine was quantified and evaluated in relation to the vehicles' level of emission reduction technology. (lu.se)
  • We find that the National Emission Inventory from the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency is consistent with WINTER observations of total reactive nitrogen (TNOy) to within 10% on average, in contrast to the significant overestimate reported in past studies under warmer conditions. (nasa.gov)
  • As a result, N leaching and N2O emissions (a potent greenhouse gas) also increased with increased N rates. (confex.com)
  • With no change in NH 3 emissions, SNA mass concentrations in 2015 will decrease over SCB and SC compared to their 2006 levels, but increase over NC where the magnitude of nitrate increase exceeds that of sulfate reduction. (copernicus.org)
  • The underground ambient concentrations were quantified, and real-world emission factors were calculated. (lu.se)
  • Sulzer has developed and implemented a modular retrofit solution to help a gas turbine powerplant in Jiangsu Province, China, reduce nitrogen oxide (NOx) emissions and comply with a stringent new emissions standard. (sulzer.com)
  • The results of these studies indicate that improvements in catalyst technologies will need to be systematically coupled with improvements in system control technology to simultaneously optimize the total emission system to achieve the more stringent standards being proposed. (sae.org)
  • The LEZ scheme will introduce increasingly stringent Euro emissions standards over time. (who.int)
  • TSA expressed concern about health hazards from exposure to contaminants found in exhaust emissions of tug and jet engines and noise from tugs, jets, conveyors, and baggage carousels. (cdc.gov)
  • We also evaluated the effect of using an aftertreatment system consisting of a diesel oxidation catalyst (DOC) and a diesel particle filter (DPF) on the exhaust emissions. (lu.se)
  • We have seen that logging seems to lead to the ecosystem going from methane uptake to large methane emissions. (lu.se)
  • NIOSH conducted a study with the goal of characterizing methane emissions from increasing face lengths in the Pittsburgh Coalbed and providing a method of predicting emissions increases from longer faces and of planning for more methane control. (cdc.gov)
  • NIOSH conducted a longwall methane emission and mining time study at a Pittsburgh Coalbed mine to predict emissions from a longer face, and developed and applied mathematical formulas and constants to characterize four emission contributors. (cdc.gov)
  • The University's permit is classified as a major source with potential emissions of 100 tpy of any regulated pollutant, 10 tpy of any single HAP, and 25 tpy of any combination of HAPs. (uky.edu)
  • If so, even allowing for the fancy filtration equipment capturing the nastier elements en route, that's a whole lot of potential emissions going through the flues and up the crematorium chimney stack. (goodfuneralguide.co.uk)
  • They are reported annually by the Environmental Protection Agency and are used to determine whether Ireland has met its legally binding emissions targets. (cso.ie)
  • In California, such bikes make up 3.6% of registered vehicles and 1% of vehicle miles traveled, yet they account for 10% of passenger vehicles' smog-forming emissions in the state. (latimes.com)
  • It produces greater amounts of a smog-forming emission called oxides of nitrogen. (latimes.com)
  • This detailed chemical information allows to resolve a long-standing overestimate of the oxidation products of nitrogen oxides and places new constraints on their deposition to land ecosystems and export to the global atmosphere. (nasa.gov)
  • Based on emission reduction targets in the 12th (2011-2015) Five-Year Plan (FYP), China's total SO 2 and NO x emissions are projected to change by −16% and +16% from 2006 to 2015, respectively. (copernicus.org)
  • Expecting continued growth in demand for aviation, members of the International Civil Aviation Organization, or ICAO, have pledged to hold their net carbon emissions to 2019 levels through those types of offsets. (grist.org)
  • 1983. Chemical and biological characterization of emissions from coal- and oil-fired power plants. (cdc.gov)
  • Drawbacks and design challenges are excessive noise generation (at takeoff and due to sonic booms during flight), high development costs, expensive construction materials, high fuel consumption, extremely high emissions, and an increased cost per seat over subsonic airliners. (wikipedia.org)
  • It's exciting for our employees to see these products progress into production engines that fly while delivering on the promises of reduced noise, fuel consumption and emissions-just as we said we would seven years ago," said Bob Saia, vice president, Pratt & Whitney Commercial Development Programs. (nxtbook.com)
  • The PurePower PW1000G will provide operators with up to a 20 percent reduction in cash operating costs with savings in fuel consumption, maintenance costs, as well as noise and emissions fees for potential savings up to $1.5 million per aircraft, per year compared to current best-performing engines of similar thrust. (nxtbook.com)
  • MARPOL Annex VI sets out tiered limits (Tiers I, II, and III) to progressively reduce NOx emissions globally from marine diesel engines with a power output above 130kW. (amsa.gov.au)
  • Distributed energy resources can provide key opportunities that would empower India's retail customers to improve system efficiency, lower costs, and reduce emissions. (raponline.org)
  • For sustaining crop yields, reducing N fertilization rates, and improving environmental quality, novel management practices are needed to increase N-use efficiency and reduce N leaching and N2O emissions. (confex.com)
  • Nitrogen oxide emissions must decrease by 59% between 2005 and 2030. (indicators.be)
  • While we focus on enabling more clean and renewable energy, our solutions are also of significant ongoing value in terms of efficiency gains, longevity and reduced emissions. (sulzer.com)
  • This study found that global human-induced N2O emissions were largely related to agricultural management, particularly the use of synthetic nitrogen, which suggests that increasing organic agriculture that prohibits the use of synthetic nitrogen can have a beneficial impact of reducing greenhouse gas emissions. (organic-center.org)
  • A New Nitrogen Index Smart Phone Application: Using Portable Technology for Smart Agricultural Management. (confex.com)
  • Biogenic nitrogen (N 2 ) and nitrous oxide (N 2 O) accumulations were measured in groundwater, streams and the vadose zone of small agricultural watersheds in the Mid-Atlantic USA. (cambridge.org)
  • A focus on reducing excess nitrogen fertilizer application through precision technology and increasing organic operations provide low-hanging-fruit strategies. (organic-center.org)
  • S06 Soil & Water Management & Conservation Nitrogen fertilizer has been increasingly used to increase crop yields in the last several decades. (confex.com)
  • 66. The Committee on Climate Change monitors and reports on emissions of nitrous oxide as part of its work scrutinising the Government's progress towards meeting its carbon budgets and international commitments, such as the Paris Agreement. (parliament.uk)
  • Nitrous oxide (N 2 O) is the third most important greenhouse gas contributing to human-driven climate change. (www.csiro.au)