• GEFS-Aerosols v1 has been developed in a collaboration between the NOAA research laboratories for operational forecast since September 2020 in the NCEP. (copernicus.org)
  • In this analysis, Copernicus Atmosphere Monitoring Service (CAMS) and Copernicus Climate Change Service (C3S) scientists conclude that it is too early to attribute the recent exceptional warming to a reduction in shipping emissions undertaken since 2020. (copernicus.eu)
  • In 2020, the International Maritime Organization adopted its 'IMO 2020' regulation to drastically reduce shipping-related sulphur dioxide (SO2) emissions. (copernicus.eu)
  • However, linking SO2 reductions directly to the recent extreme marine heatwaves omits part of the complexity of using models to calculate sulphate aerosol interactions in the atmosphere or estimating the effective application of the IMO 2020 regulation, and, more generally, the complexity of climate and atmospheric chemistry. (copernicus.eu)
  • In this study, we assess the impact of different plume rise schemes on predicting the dispersion of wildfire air pollution, and the exceedances of the National Ambient Air Quality Standards (NAAQS) for fine particulate matter (PM 2.5 ) during the 2020 Western United States Wildfire season. (copernicus.org)
  • Though the majority of aerosols globally have natural sources, the anthropogenic aerosols (including from biomass and biofuel burning, fossil fuel combustion, and application of fertilizer) will impact a greater portion of the population because of close proximity to the sources. (nasa.gov)
  • In parallel, mean diurnal cycles were constructed from Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellite (GOES) Wildfire Automated Biomass Burning Algorithm (WF_ABBA) active fire observations. (nasa.gov)
  • Comparison with Total Carbon Column Observing Network (TCCON) and Measurements of Pollution in the Troposphere (MOPITT) column CO observations provided evidence that including daily variability in emissions moderately improved atmospheric model simulations, particularly during the fire season and near regions with high levels of biomass burning. (nasa.gov)
  • The natural cycle of landscape fires (e.g., wildfires, tropical deforestation fires, and agricultural biomass burning) plays an important role in maintaining the terrestrial ecosystem. (stencila.io)
  • Loyola, D. , Three-Dimensional Distribution of Biomass Burning Aerosols from Australian Wildfires Observed by TROPOMI Satellite Observations, Remote Sens. (u-pec.fr)
  • The influence of biomass burning emissions on SIA formation was also evident. (sagepub.com)
  • There is no evidence human greenhouse gas emissions are contributing to the current drought. (heartland.org)
  • Anthropogenic activities, such as greenhouse gas and aerosol emissions, have altered the spatial and temporal characteristics of extreme climate events and modified their impacts upon human and natural systems. (utexas.edu)
  • Next, using large-ensemble global climate model experiments, I will show that historical greenhouse gas emissions have increased the risk of extreme fire weather in many regions, and will continue to do so throughout the 21st century. (utexas.edu)
  • What's also become clear is that stopping global warming, and the associated changes to the climate, will require getting human emissions of greenhouse gases, mainly carbon dioxide, to (net) zero (MacDougall et al. (skepticalscience.com)
  • This research hinges on a new and more detailed calculation of the sensitivity of Earth's climate to the factors that cause it to change, such as greenhouse gas emissions. (tgdaily.com)
  • Shindell's climate sensitivity calculation suggests countries around the world need to reduce greenhouse gas emissions at the higher end of proposed emissions reduction ranges to avoid the most damaging consequences of climate change. (tgdaily.com)
  • The SO has absorbed most of the excess heat associated with anthropogenic greenhouse gas emissions. (pnnl.gov)
  • Only drastic measures, such as a significant reduction in greenhouse gas emissions, can prevent us from having to deal with harsh weather conditions. (thecherawchronicle.com)
  • Greenhouse gas emissions and global warming are leading to ocean acidification, melting glaciers and sea ice, rising average sea levels (+0.2m between 1911 and 2018), more extreme weather events such as heat waves, hurricanes and droughts, and an average increase in precipitation rains. (thecherawchronicle.com)
  • In addition to cloud height, greenhouse gas emissions have caused cloud migration (Johnston, 2016). (ukessays.com)
  • They are pathways , as they specify in detail how emissions of greenhouse gases and other pollutants would change, year by year, under each set of assumptions. (easterbrook.ca)
  • While aerosols have a direct cooling effect by filtering solar radiation, their effective contribution to global cooling , or warming when they are reduced, also referred to as negative or positive radiative forcing of aerosols, is still a matter of research, and not the easiest, due to the uncertainties of indirect effects such as sulphate aerosol impacts in cloud droplet formation. (copernicus.eu)
  • Lastly, I will present future research directions, including investigating the changes in the spatiotemporal connectivity of droughts, wildfires and extreme rainfall, and their impacts on regional and global systems. (utexas.edu)
  • This interdisciplinary conference brings together researchers from plant physiology, ecology, atmospheric chemistry and climatology to study the function and impacts of biogenic volatile organic compounds emissions from plants. (grc.org)
  • Prior to Shindell's work, such calculations had assumed aerosol impacts were uniform around the globe. (tgdaily.com)
  • Impacts of anthropogenic emissions over South Asia on East Asian spring climate: Two possible dynamical pathways, Journal of Climate, doi: https://doi.org/10.1175/JCLI-D-22-0049.1. (nju.edu.cn)
  • Global anthropogenic emission inventories remain vital for understanding the sources of atmospheric pollution and the associated impacts on the environment, human health, and society. (healthdata.org)
  • Impacts of increasing aridity and wildfires on aerosol loading in the intermountain Western US. (utah.edu)
  • GEOS-CF is able to capture the high spatio-temporal variability of pollutants, such as the diurnal cycle of ozone, and pollution formation during extreme events, such as during wildfires. (nasa.gov)
  • Along with aerosols and ozone, nitrogen dioxide is one of the primary air pollutants for health studies. (nasa.gov)
  • Research suggests that the reduction in emissions of pollutants in Europe, thanks to regulations, i--s leading to reduced amounts of aerosols in the atmosphere. (copernicus.eu)
  • The main anthropogenic source of aerosols is emissions from combustion of fossil fuels, which emit a wide range of atmospheric pollutants including particulate matter, nitrogen dioxide, and SO2. (copernicus.eu)
  • As the warm season progressed, worst air quality was due to transport of pollutants from upwind wildfires. (alaska.edu)
  • Students in the atmospheric chemistry and air quality program at Davis study a wide range of questions regarding the emission, transformation, transport and deposition of air pollutants. (ucdavis.edu)
  • Projects explore both the chemistry of anthropogenic air pollutants as well as the chemistry of the natural "background" atmosphere. (ucdavis.edu)
  • heterogeneous) during anthropogenic and natural interaction of pollutants over Greece (funded scholarship). (noa.gr)
  • city-scale atmospheric modeling, numerical simulations of atmospheric processes, emission algorithms, atmospheric aerosol and interactions with meteorology/climate, parameterization of emissions and interaction with anthropogenic pollutants and meteorology/climate, secondary organic aerosol model development and interactions with meteorology/climate. (noa.gr)
  • While the word 'aerosol' conjures up images of spray cans, to atmospheric scientists the term refers to something different: small particles suspended in the atmosphere, often many times smaller than the width of a human hair. (databasefootball.com)
  • Algorithms have been developed using a variety of satellite instruments to use these measurements to quantify the amount and sometimes the type of aerosols in the atmosphere. (databasefootball.com)
  • There are other natural aerosols, including sea spray, dust and particles injected into the atmosphere from volcanic eruptions or wildfires. (nasa.gov)
  • Future developments include using geostationary satellite data to rapidly update inputs to the NAQFC and incorporating of current science for sub-seasonal and seasonal interoperable earth model development to fulfill NWS needs for emission forecasting, wildfire modeling, and surface-atmosphere interchange understanding. (noaa.gov)
  • A better understanding of the role of natural aerosols in the atmosphere is essential for assessing anthropogenic radiative forcing and the climate response. (copernicus.org)
  • Where are the missing links in our understanding of the lifecycle of natural aerosols in the atmosphere in the absence of anthropogenic influence? (copernicus.org)
  • Atmospheric aerosols are microscopic particles, solid or liquid, suspended in a gas, (our atmosphere in this instance). (copernicus.eu)
  • Aerosols, by scattering, reflecting or absorbing sunlight, reduce the amount of solar radiation reaching the lower layers of our atmosphere. (copernicus.eu)
  • After emission into the atmosphere, these highly reduced organic compounds undergo photochemical transformations that can increase the production of smog, particularly in urban environments. (grc.org)
  • 2021), Chemical transport models often underestimate inorganic aerosol acidity in remote regions of the atmosphere , Commun Earth Environ, 2 , doi:10.1038/s43247-021-00164-0. (nasa.gov)
  • UC Davis' aerosol mass spectrometer for measuring the size and composition of particles in the atmosphere. (ucdavis.edu)
  • The environmental sources of microbial aerosols and processes by which they are emitted into the atmosphere are not well characterized. (nature.com)
  • From these data, we estimate each fire aerosolized an average of 7 ± 4 × 10 9 cells and 2 ± 1 × 10 8 biological INPs per m 2 burned and conclude that emissions from wildland fire are sources of viable microbial aerosols to the atmosphere. (nature.com)
  • Despite the varied roles of bioaerosols in environmental health, biological dispersion, and the land-atmosphere system, their ecological sources and emission mechanisms remain poorly understood [ 13 ]. (nature.com)
  • The absorption of solar radiation mostly occurs at the surface of the Earth, but most emission into space happens in the atmosphere (Global Physical Climatology, 1994). (ukessays.com)
  • The overarching theme of Dr. Hallar's research is using high quality measurements of trace gases, aerosol physical and chemical properties, and cloud microphysics to understand connections between the biosphere, atmosphere, and climate, along with the impact of anthropogenic emissions on these connections. (utah.edu)
  • Important future directions include reconciling top‐down and bottom up estimates of fire radiative power and integrating burned area and active fire time series from multiple satellite sensors to improve daily emissions estimates. (nasa.gov)
  • Under less polluted conditions, biogenic VOCs form secondary organic aerosols, which can modify cloud properties and hence interact with radiative balance and the climate. (grc.org)
  • Working on the IPCC, there was a lot of discussion of climate sensitivity since it's so important for our future," said Shindell, who was lead author of the IPCC Fifth Assessment Report's chapter on Anthropogenic and Natural Radiative Forcing. (tgdaily.com)
  • In addition, these biogenic compounds can also play a role in the formation of "aerosols", tiny particles suspended in the air that depending on their size and make-up can be damaging to human health if breathed in. (nasa.gov)
  • We compare predictions of six models to surface activity of strongly surface active aerosol and find significant differences between the models, especially with large fractions of surfactant in the dry particles. (copernicus.org)
  • Shindell's paper further focuses on improving our understanding of how airborne particles, called aerosols, drive climate change in the Northern Hemisphere. (tgdaily.com)
  • Policy Relevant Background (PRB) ozone concentrations are defined by the United States (U.S.) Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) as those concentrations that would occur in the U.S. in the absence of anthropogenic emissions in continental North America (i.e., the U.S, Canada, and Mexico). (acs.org)
  • The long history of research in this location, as well as relative ease of accessibility, made the North Atlantic an ideal location to test prevailing scientific hypotheses in an effort to better understand the role of phytoplankton aerosol emissions on Earth's energy budget. (wikipedia.org)
  • They now plan to apply their new algorithms to the full AVHRR records and merge them with MODIS and other advanced sensor records, more than doubling the available length of Deep Blue data sets and improving our understanding of how and where the Earth's aerosol burden has been changing. (databasefootball.com)
  • Sulphur dioxide emissions are the precursor of sulphate aerosol, which is a key player in Earth's energy balance. (copernicus.eu)
  • Hygroscopic growth of water soluble organic carbon isolated from atmospheric aerosol collected at US national parks and Storm Peak Laboratory. (utah.edu)
  • 2018), these updates extend the emission estimates from 2014 to 2017 and improve the overall agreement between CEDS and two widely used global bottom-up emission inventories. (healthdata.org)
  • Dominant sources of global CO emissions in 2017 include on-road transportation and residential biofuel combustion. (healthdata.org)
  • Dominant global sources of carbonaceous aerosol in 2017 include residential biofuel combustion, on-road transportation (BC only), and emissions from the waste sector. (healthdata.org)
  • Outdoor PM 2.5 mass is primarily composed of inorganic ions, carbonaceous compounds (black and organic carbon, including secondary organic aerosol), and mineral dust. (nature.com)
  • Her Ph.D. Thesis was upon the inorganic aerosol chemistry (incl. (noa.gr)
  • He, Kebin 2021-05-30 00:00:00 Formation of secondary inorganic aerosol (SIA) was investigated during a six-month long heating season in Harbin, China. (sagepub.com)
  • Aerosols can be natural or anthropogenic (the result of human activities), and include substances such as mineral dust (blown from deserts or bare soil by the wind), smoke (from wildfires as well as intentional burning), ash and sulphate from volcanic eruptions and degassing, sea spray, haze from industrial activities or vegetation emissions, and more. (databasefootball.com)
  • Important sources of sulfur dioxide include natural (wildfires and volcanic eruptions) and anthropogenic emission. (pdx.edu)
  • National Center for Environmental Prediction (NCEP) at NOAA recently upgraded their operational global aerosol forecast model from dust-only in version 1 to five species (dust, sea salt, black and organic carbon) of aerosols in version 2. (copernicus.org)
  • She is a member of the APCG group ( IERSD/NOA ) since 2011, conducting research on the impact of pollution extremes (e.g. anthropogenic smog, wild fires, domestic heating, dust intrusions) on aerosol composition and meteorology, climate and health aspects of air pollution, through numerical atmospheric modeling at the regional and local scales. (noa.gr)
  • Findings presented in this thesis contribute to the understanding of wildfire emissions in Ireland and highlight the influence of anthropogenic air pollution from solid fuel burning on rural locations. (ucc.ie)
  • In this book, the authors present topical research in the study of air pollution emissions. (dokumen.pub)
  • Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Air pollution emissions / editors, Daniel G. Vasiliev and Robert A. Kask. (dokumen.pub)
  • There are many natural sources of atmospheric aerosols, such as desert dust, sea spray and salt from the oceans, biogenic aerosols from vegetation , wildfire smoke, or volcanoes to name a few. (copernicus.eu)
  • To investigate the impact of emissions, four scenarios were tested: (i) increased volatile organic compound (VOC) emissions by a factor of 1.5 and 2 for the anthropogenic and biogenic VOC emissions, respectively, (ii) increased nitrogen oxide (NO x ) emissions by a factor of 2, (iii) a combination of the first two scenarios and (iv) increased traffic-only NO x emissions by a factor of 4. (copernicus.org)
  • however, its largest concentrations are found close to some of its primary anthropogenic emission sources (it is a by-product of fossil fuel combustion), which is in highly populated areas and along shipping tracks, as simulated by the GEOS-CF. (nasa.gov)
  • We found that organic acid dissociation leads to increased hydrogen ion concentrations and sulfate aerosol mass in aqueous aerosols, increasing cloud formation. (copernicus.org)
  • Therefore, to assess the global and regional PM 2.5 disease burden and its source contributions, recent studies have employed 3D chemical transport models as a means to relate changes in surface emissions to atmospheric PM 2.5 concentrations. (nature.com)
  • The average, median, and maximal values of BC concentrations in the surface air in winter and summer are calculated from its interannual variations due to differences in air mass circulation, as well as from spatial and interannual variations in BC emissions from wildfires. (iao.ru)
  • These increased concentrations 'probably' contributed to a warming of 1 to 2 °C, while other anthropogenic factors, especially aerosols, simultaneously contributed to an estimated cooling between 0 and 1 °C. The Sun's influence and volcanic activity were estimated in the report at -0.1 to +0.1 °C only. (thecherawchronicle.com)
  • See this graph for details on the emissions and concentrations in each RCP). (easterbrook.ca)
  • She uses remote sensing techniques to improve the estimates of burned area, fuel loading, tree mortality, and combustion completeness, and thus reduce the uncertainties in fire emission estimate. (ucdavis.edu)
  • Secondary organic aerosol (SOA) formation from combustion emissions of the three fuels was studied under simulated day-time (UV lights and UV+OH precursor addition) and night-time conditions (dark + O3 addition) in an atmospheric simulation chamber. (ucc.ie)
  • and international shipping) and four fuel categories (total coal, solid biofuel, the sum of liquid-fuel and natural-gas combustion, and remaining process-level emissions). (healthdata.org)
  • Our session explores primary aerosols and those formed from precursor gases emitted by natural sources, e.g. from wildfires, deserts, volcanoes and both the marine and terrestrial biosphere. (copernicus.org)
  • The focus of this work is to evaluate the modeled ozone production in Europe indirectly, with the use of the ozone-temperature correlation for the summer of 2010 and to analyze its sensitivity to precursor emissions and meteorology by using the regional air quality model, the Comprehensive Air Quality Model with Extensions (CAMx). (copernicus.org)
  • Overall, the modeled ozone is predicted to be more sensitive to its precursor emissions (especially traffic NO x ) and therefore their uncertainties, which seem to be responsible for the model underestimation of the observed high ozone mixing ratios and ozone production. (copernicus.org)
  • The papers were about ionisation, and volatile emissions from plants - both from cloud chamber experiments, plus a paper on research conducted at high altitude fairly free of anthropogenic aerosols, looking at new particle formation as a precursor to clouds. (hotwhopper.com)
  • My research seeks to leverage a multitude of regional and global climate datasets-some derived from direct observations, others through numerical modeling-to investigate spatiotemporal variations in extreme precipitation, drought, and wildfire. (utexas.edu)
  • Jiang, Y. , X. Liu, X.-Q. Yang, and M. Wang (2013), A numerical study of the effect of different aerosol types on East Asian summer clouds and precipitation, Atmospheric Environment, 70, 51-63, doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2012.12.039. (nju.edu.cn)
  • Emissions for species like CO, PM2.5 and volatile organic compounds (VOCs) would be expected to be higher under real-world conditions where MCE is lower. (ucc.ie)
  • 2019), Exploiting OMI NO2 satellite observations to infer fossil-fuel CO2 emissions from U.S. megacities☆ , Science of the Total Environment, 695 , 133805, doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.133805. (nasa.gov)
  • Consequently, metrics that consider all TCs can show little in the way of trends, even if there has been an anthropogenic influence (Kang & Elsner 2016). (skepticalscience.com)
  • The NAAMES project also investigated the quantity, size, and composition of aerosols generated by primary production in order to understand how bloom cycles affect cloud formations and climate. (wikipedia.org)
  • The predictions demonstrate substantial improvements for both composition and variability of aerosol distributions over those from the former operational system. (copernicus.org)
  • How have the contributions of natural aerosols to atmospheric composition and deposition changed over time? (copernicus.org)
  • In May, local emissions governed air quality with worst conditions related to road and river dust. (alaska.edu)
  • Large Contribution of Coarse Mode to Aerosol Microphysical and Optical Properties: Evidence from Ground-based Observations of a Trans-Pacific Asian Dust Outbreak at a High-Elevation North American Site. (utah.edu)
  • The long-range atmospheric BC transport is analyzed by the author's methodology for calculating the function of sensitivity to potential sources of submicron aerosol for the sites under study based on the statistics of back trajectories of air mass transport. (iao.ru)
  • Aerosols are produced by both natural sources - such as volcanoes, wildfire and sea spray - and sources such as manufacturing activities, automobiles and energy production. (tgdaily.com)
  • which play a role in ozone chemistry, featured as the different "families" or groups of chemical species: the Ox family, extended HOx family, hydrocarbons, "isoprene oxidation", aerosols, and the extended NOx family. (nasa.gov)
  • For southern, eastern, and central (except the Benelux area) Europe, doubling NO x emissions seems to be the most efficient scenario to reduce the underestimation of the observed high ozone mixing ratios without significant degradation of the model performance for the lower ozone mixing ratios. (copernicus.org)
  • The model performance for ozone-temperature correlation is also better when NO x emissions are doubled. (copernicus.org)
  • Ozone chemistry in western U.S. wildfire plumes, Xu et al. (nasa.gov)
  • One shortcoming to date has been that the types of instrument which can quantify aerosol loading over land robustly have only been flying since around the start of the 21st century. (databasefootball.com)
  • The North Atlantic Aerosols and Marine Ecosystems Study (NAAMES) was a five-year scientific research program that investigated aspects of phytoplankton dynamics in ocean ecosystems, and how such dynamics influence atmospheric aerosols, clouds, and climate. (wikipedia.org)
  • This is a two-step process in which a change in some climatic variable is first detected, and then an analysis is carried out to assess if that change can be attributed to an anthropogenic influence. (skepticalscience.com)
  • One reason for the disproportionate influence of the Northern Hemisphere, particularly as it pertains to the impact of aerosols, is that most man-made aerosols are released from the more industrialized regions north of the equator. (tgdaily.com)
  • In this work, we have validated the newly implemented aerosol model (NGACv2) which forecast at every 3 h up to 5 days against ground and satellite observations and other available model simulations. (copernicus.org)
  • Other field observations included opportunistic sampling of the plume of a major wildfire at Killarney National Park, Co. Kerry, in April 2022. (ucc.ie)
  • Identification of topographic features influencing aerosol observations at high altitude stations. (utah.edu)
  • Attribution of the causes of atmospheric trace gas and aerosol variability often requires the use of high resolution time series of anthropogenic and natural emissions inventories. (nasa.gov)
  • Heaven forbid a denier giving the US government any credit for the recent dip in carbon emissions from energy use. (hotwhopper.com)
  • In order to understand the role played by carbon dioxide emissions in global warming, it is necessary to account for the effects of atmospheric aerosols. (tgdaily.com)
  • Scientists such as the Met Office's Ben Booth have suggested for some time that anthropogenic aerosols, such as those resulting from industrial and shipping emissions, had been a key driver of climate variability in the North Atlantic. (copernicus.eu)
  • Daily and 3‐hourly variability in global fire emissions and consequences for. (nasa.gov)
  • Here we developed an approach for representing synoptic‐ and diurnal‐scale temporal variability in fire emissions for the Global Fire Emissions Database version 3 (GFED3). (nasa.gov)
  • Daily variability in fires varied considerably across different biomes, with short but intense periods of daily emissions in boreal ecosystems and lower intensity (but more continuous) periods of burning in savannas. (nasa.gov)
  • Despite the remote location and low population density in Glencree Valley, anthropogenic influences on air quality were significant, most notably from residential solid fuel burning. (ucc.ie)
  • Anthropogenic influences can alter cloud structure, formation and geography. (ukessays.com)
  • The session intends to bring together experts from different fields to assess the state-of-the-science knowledge on natural aerosols and to identify future directions to reduce uncertainty. (copernicus.org)
  • The effect of organic acid aerosol on sulfur chemistry and cloud properties was investigated in an atmospheric model. (copernicus.org)
  • Due to its myriad of sources and complex formation chemistry, both the total mass and chemical constituents of PM 2.5 depend on local environmental conditions, dominant sources, and the magnitude of those source-specific emissions. (nature.com)
  • The high temporal resolution estimates of fire emissions developed here may ultimately reduce uncertainties related to fire contributions to atmospheric trace gases and aerosols. (nasa.gov)
  • This work was conducted as part of FLARES (Fire, Land and Atmospheric Remote Sensing of EmissionS), a project funded by the Irish Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) to improve the understanding of Irish upland fire emissions. (ucc.ie)
  • A second is the presence of clouds, which must be distinguished from aerosols, and block the view of aerosols and the surface below them. (databasefootball.com)
  • Studies have concluded that the drop in emissions significantly reduced the formation of clouds over shipping lanes. (copernicus.eu)
  • Scientists employed multiple complementary research methods, including intensive field sampling via research ships, airborne aerosol sampling via airplane, and remote sensing via satellites. (wikipedia.org)
  • My overarching goal is to advance our understanding of the mechanisms in which anthropogenic activities impact the climate system, and the subsequent damages incurred by societies and ecosystems. (utexas.edu)
  • Event attribution studies, which seek to quantitatively answer whether and to what extent anthropogenic climate change has altered the characteristics-predominantly the probability and magnitude-of particular events, have been gaining increasing interest within the research community. (cmsjournal.net)
  • Generally, sulphate aerosols are considered to act as cloud condensation nuclei, favouring cloud formation, therefore reducing the amount of solar radiation that reaches the surface. (copernicus.eu)
  • They are representative in the sense that they were selected to span the range of plausible emissions paths discussed in the literature, both with and without a coordinated global emissions policy. (easterbrook.ca)