Emission of particles. Medical search. Frequent questions

In 2011, the United Nations Environment Program published a report comparing measures targeting soot particles and other so-called "short-lived climate pollutants" to measures reducing CO2, which showed that the former would achieve a more rapid decrease of global warming in the coming decades. (project-syndicate.org)

Third, oxygen content of biodiesel fuel causes carbonaceous particle changing from fine size to ultrafine size or nano-particle size, also results in increase of nucleation mode particles. (sae.org)
The effect was evaluated through the real-time monitoring of the concentration size distribution of fine and ultrafine aerosol particles. (ge-e.com)
At the same time, the protection efficiency of existing facepiece respirators have not been well characterized with respect to ultrafine particles, i.e. those below 0.1 µm (Hinds, 1999). (ge-e.com)
Results indicated that printers can be a source of ultrafine particles and volatile organic chemicals to the indoor air while operating. (ul.com)
However, the abundant ultrafine particles in the aviation exhaust with diameters less than 100 nm may significantly increase the particle number concentration (PNC). (easychair.org)
OBJECTIVES: Ultrafine particle emissions from waterpipes and their impact on human health have not been extensively studied. (who.int)
Particle number concentrations of ultrafine particles in mainstream smoke during waterpipe smoking ranged up to 70 x 10(9) particles per litre. (who.int)
CONCLUSIONS: Waterpipe smoking emits large amounts of ultrafine particles. (who.int)

The combustion of fossil fuels, wood, and other biomass increases the amount of airborne particles, which, in a somewhat simplified manner, we can describe as "white" or "black. (project-syndicate.org)
Second, increased viscosity and lower volatility of biodiesel fuel could lead that evaporation and air mixing in local area of combustion chamber was slower and bad comparing with pure diesel fuel, this may cause SOF increasing, and may lead to nucleation mode particles increasing because these particles mainly consist of SOF. (sae.org)
The emission limits of Euro 6 are expected to be replaced by Euro 7 in July 2025 to further minimize exhaust gas emissions through a regulated combustion process and control interventions. (knf.com)
In laboratory testing of internal combustion engines, various methods are used to measure emissions such as CO, CO 2 , HC, and NO x . (knf.com)
This is a time-resolved study of particles emitted during combustion of wood pellets with respect to size and composition. (chalmers.se)
In this study, laboratory combustion experiments were conducted to characterize gas and particle emissions from 10 waste categories representative of those burned in South Africa: paper, leather/rubber, textiles, plastic bottles, plastic bags, vegetation (with three different moisture content levels), food discards, and combined materials. (copernicus.org)
MCE is used along with video observations to determine fuel-based emission factors (EFs) during flaming and smoldering phases as well as the entire combustion process. (copernicus.org)
The results show that a complete phasing out of fossil fuel combustion in favor of renewable energy sources with zero emissions could result in rapid 'unmasking' of aerosols, while greenhouse gases linger. (eurasiareview.com)
One interesting subject is more measurements of emissions generated by the combustion of various hybrid fuels and other marine fuels. (lighthouse.nu)
Mass- and number-based emission indices were strongly influenced by thrust setting during pilot combustion and ranged from less than 1 to 208 mg/kg-fuel and 3×10^12 to 3×10^16 particles/kg-fuel, respectively. (canada.ca)

Because black particles contain soot and absorb sunlight, they are believed to increase global warming. (project-syndicate.org)
Measures aimed at accomplishing this could be particularly effective in countries where emission standards for diesel-fueled vehicles have not yet been introduced, and in countries, especially in Asia and Africa, where rural dwellings are heated by primitive stoves and food is prepared over open fires, causing large emissions of soot particles. (project-syndicate.org)
Naturally, measures targeting soot and other short-lived particles must not undermine efforts to reduce CO2 emissions. (project-syndicate.org)
But a reduction in emissions of soot (and other short-lived climate pollutants) could alleviate the pressures on the climate in the coming decades. (project-syndicate.org)
Three mechanisms could lead to more nucleation mode particles formation: First, biodiesel fuel reduce soot emission and the solid soot surface lessen, and the ability of SOF condensation and adsorption on the soot particles weakens, so high super-saturation may lead to form new particles by nucleation. (sae.org)
Washington, A study led by Indian-origin researcher Rajan Chakrabarty has found a previously unrecognised form of soot particle, identified by the authors as "superaggregates", from wildfire emissions, offering new insights into global climate study. (siliconindia.com)
Unlike conventional sub-micrometre size soot particles emitted from vehicles and cook stoves, superaggregates are on average ten times longer and have a more compact shape. (siliconindia.com)
We found that superaggregates contribute up to 90-percent more warming than spherical sub-micrometer soot particles, which current climate models use," Chakrabarty noted. (siliconindia.com)
The concentration of particle-bound polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons was used as a soot indicator. (chalmers.se)

In the long term, emissions of CO2 and other long-lived greenhouse gases constitute the main problem. (project-syndicate.org)
Gases and particle composition and properties can be measured with a unique suite of advanced instrumentation enabling an ensemble of analyses that competes on the highest international level. (lu.se)
VHL is equipped with meteorological instrumentation and can measure gases, aerosol particles, and precipitation chemistry. (lu.se)
The Covid pandemic shutdowns in South Asia greatly reduced the concentration of short-lived cooling particles in the air, while the concentration of long-lived greenhouse gases was barely affected. (eurasiareview.com)
It is well known that emissions of sulfur and nitrogen oxides and other air pollutants lead to the formation of aerosols (particles) in the air that can offset, or mask, the full climate warming caused by greenhouse gases such as carbon dioxide and methane. (eurasiareview.com)
This created a unique opportunity to study what happens to the climate if emissions of gases and aerosols are rapidly reduced. (eurasiareview.com)
A new article in the scientific journal NPJ Climate and Atmospheric Science shows that the concentrations of polluting short-lived air particles decreased significantly, while the concentrations of longer-lived greenhouse gases were barely affected in the air mass over South Asia. (eurasiareview.com)
The Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, Aalto University and the University of Helsinki studied the emission of particles and gases in the use of 3D printers intended for small scale printing, e.g. in schools and libraries, as part of a wider project that focused on 3D printing in work environments. (aalto.fi)
Potential for exposure to particles and gases throughout vat photopolymerization additive manufacturing processes. (cdc.gov)
Vat photopolymerization (VP), a type of additive manufacturing process that cures resin to build objects, can emit potentially hazardous particles and gases. (cdc.gov)
Regardless of duration, all tasks released particles and organic gases, though concentrations varied between SLA and DLP processes and among tasks. (cdc.gov)
Air pollution is a mixture of solid particles and gases in the air. (medlineplus.gov)
Secondary sources let off gases that can form particles. (cdc.gov)

As a part of the SAMPLE III.2 campaign, concurrent measurements of particle mobility, particle mass, particle number concentration and mass concentration, as well as collection of transmission electron microscopy (TEM) samples, allowed for characterization of the BC emissions. (canada.ca)

Based on analysis via scanning electron microscopy/energy dispersive X-ray spectrometry (SEM-EDX), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry (ICP-AES), the morphological characteristics and the major and minor-element concentrations of particles were studied. (aaqr.org)
Particle number concentrations (PNC) are known to be sensiti. (sae.org)
The annual mean contributions of the Zurich airport to the particle number concentrations ranged from about 105 cm-3 at the airport entrance to about 103 cm-3 at ETH Honggerberg (about 6 km away). (easychair.org)
Total particle number concentrations were determined with a condensation particle counter (CPC) for particles between 0.02 microm and 1 microm (P-Trak UPC, Model 8525, TSI) and the particle size fraction was determined with a differential mobility analyser (DMA) for particles from 0.01 microm to 0.5 microm. (who.int)

The objective of this study was to characterize particulate emissions for 2nd stage seed-cotton cleaning systems from cotton gins across the cotton belt based on particle size distribution analysis of total particulate samples from EPA-approved stack sampling methods. (cotton.org)
When assessing particulate emissions, diesel engine exhausts are usually diluted to suit the design limitations of the measurement devices. (sae.org)

The removal of fine particles from coal-fired flue gas using chemical and physical reactions was investigated experimentally in a wet flue gas desulfurization (WFGD) system with a cascade of double-towers system. (aaqr.org)
Fine particles in the flue gas consisted of about 26.48% limestone and 41.19% gypsum particulate matter, eventually forming the Ca 11.3 Al 14 O 32.3 crystal. (aaqr.org)
The existing respirators have been extensively evaluated against fine particles (e.g. (ge-e.com)
The grate boilers produced on average 211−483 mg/MJ of total suspended particles (TSP) and 55−92 mg/MJ of fine particles (PM1) upstream of the secondary particle filters. (vtt.fi)
In all of the plants, the fine particles mainly consisted of potassium salts. (vtt.fi)
20 MW) biomass-fired boilers, not equipped with effective particle filters, are an important source of fine particles introduced into ambient air and they have a high potential for reducing the emissions with currently available flue gas cleaning technology. (vtt.fi)
People often categorize these particulates within two groups - coarse particles, which are between 2.5 and 10 micrometers, and fine particles, which are smaller than 2.5 micrometers. (theenvironmentalblog.org)
WHO estimates that around 7 million people (including 493 00 in the Region) die every year from exposure to fine particles in polluted air that penetrate deep into the lungs and cardiovascular system, causing diseases such as stroke, heart disease, lung cancer, chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases and respiratory infections, including pneumonia. (who.int)

Emissions from these ground-level and low-temperature burns cause air pollution, leading to adverse health effects among community residents. (copernicus.org)
Researchers were thus able to see how reduced emissions of air pollution leads to cleaner air but also stronger climate warming. (eurasiareview.com)
The two main kinds of air pollution are ozone and particle contamination. (theenvironmentalblog.org)
You've probably heard people talking about ozone before, but you may be less familiar with particle pollution. (theenvironmentalblog.org)
What Is Particle Pollution? (theenvironmentalblog.org)
Particle pollution refers to tiny liquid and solid particles suspended in the air. (theenvironmentalblog.org)
In severe cases, particle pollution can even cause premature death. (theenvironmentalblog.org)
How Can You Reduce Particle Pollution? (theenvironmentalblog.org)
Particle pollution is a concerning issue, but it's not difficult to combat. (theenvironmentalblog.org)
Wood burning is one of the most significant contributors to particle pollution from domestic sources. (theenvironmentalblog.org)
There are many ways to keep yourself safe from particle pollution. (theenvironmentalblog.org)
You shouldn't take particle pollution lightly, but that doesn't mean you need to worry about it. (theenvironmentalblog.org)
We're committed to avoiding and reducing greenhouse gas emissions to help improve air quality, reduce pollution and create more sustainable workplaces. (konicaminolta.eu)
Particle pollution - also called particulate matter (PM) - is made up of particles (tiny pieces) of solids or liquids that are in the air. (cdc.gov)
Where does particle pollution come from? (cdc.gov)
Particle pollution can come from two different kinds of sources - primary or secondary. (cdc.gov)
Primary sources cause particle pollution on their own. (cdc.gov)
Some other common sources of particle pollution can be either primary or secondary - for example, factories, cars and trucks, and construction sites. (cdc.gov)
Breathing in particle pollution can be harmful to your health. (cdc.gov)
How can particle pollution affect my health? (cdc.gov)
Particle pollution can affect anyone, but it bothers some people more than others. (cdc.gov)
If you have asthma, particle pollution can make your symptoms worse. (cdc.gov)
If you have heart disease, breathing in particle pollution can cause serious problems like a heart attack. (cdc.gov)
The good news is there's a lot you can do to protect yourself and your family from the health effects caused by particle pollution. (cdc.gov)
You can use the AQI as a tool to help you avoid particle pollution. (cdc.gov)
When particle pollution levels are high, take steps to limit the amount of air you breathe in while you're outside. (cdc.gov)
Think about spending more time indoors, where particle pollution levels are usually lower. (cdc.gov)
From vehicle emissions or industrial air pollution) cause a wide range of health effects. (lu.se)
There are several very well established connections between nanosized air pollution particles (and their agglomerates) and coronary heart diseases (eg. (lu.se)

Starting in 2025, European emissions regulations will cover not only exhaust particles, but also dust emissions. (knf.com)
The Extended Red Emission (ERE) has been observed in virtually all possible environments in which dust is present, ranging from H ii regions to carbon rich planetary nebulae, to reflection nebulae, to dense interstellar clouds, to the diffuse interstellar medium. (aanda.org)
One problem in comparing ERE with laboratory photoluminescence (PL) measurements is given by the fact that laboratory samples are usually macroscopic in size, or very thin films, while interstellar dust particles are usually of sizes comparable to, or smaller than, the wavelength of visible light. (aanda.org)
A coupled road dust and surface moisture model to predict non-exhaust road traffic induced particle emissions (NORTRIP). (diva-portal.org)
The model provides a generalised process based formulation of the non-exhaust emissions, with emphasis on the contribution of road wear, suspension, surface dust loading and the effect of road surface moisture (retention of wear particles and suspended emissions). (diva-portal.org)
Dusting and vacuuming can generate particles by stirring up dust. (theenvironmentalblog.org)
Tungsten is released into air as fine dust-like particles by weathering. (cdc.gov)
Very small dust particles of tungsten in the air fall out onto surface water, plant surfaces, and soil either by themselves or when rain or snow falls. (cdc.gov)
Car emissions, chemicals from factories, dust, pollen and mold spores may be suspended as particles. (medlineplus.gov)

However, LNG can help reduce particle emissions. (lighthouse.nu)

Decreases in the emissions of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH-16) and particulate matter as black carbon, organic carbon and elemental carbon, over the scrubber were observed for a majority of the trials, although emissions at LSFO use were consistently lower at comparable engine power. (ivl.se)
First, real-time measurements were performed of particles, particle-bound polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (pPAH), carbon monoxide (CO), carbon dioxide (CO2), and oxygen (O2). (chalmers.se)

From these data, we estimate each fire aerosolized an average of 7 ± 4 × 10 9 cells and 2 ± 1 × 10 8 biological INPs per m 2 burned and conclude that emissions from wildland fire are sources of viable microbial aerosols to the atmosphere. (nature.com)
The manikin was placed in a 24.3-m 3 indoor test chamber and exposed to polydisperse surrogate aerosols simulating viral and bacterial particles with respect to the aerodynamic size. (ge-e.com)
By definition, aerosols are suspensions in air (or in a gas) of solid or liquid particles, small enough that they remain airborne for prolonged periods because of their low settling velocity. (cdc.gov)
In addition, particles expelled by coughing or sneezing rapidly shrink in size by evaporation, thereby increasing the number of particles that behave as aerosols. (cdc.gov)

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): This multiphase STTR project will result in a standard method to evaluate the release of airborne particles from commercial products that contain engineered nanomaterials during their use or disposal. (sbir.gov)
Airborne particles, total volatile organic compounds (TVOCs), and/or specific volatile organic compounds (VOCs) were monitored during each task to evaluate their exposure potential. (cdc.gov)
In the workplace, workers may encounter asymptomatic, pre-symptomatic, and symptomatic individuals who are infected with SARS-CoV-2 and may expel airborne particles containing the virus. (cdc.gov)

Nanoparticles or nanomaterials are increasingly important due to their unique physical and chemical properties, such as particle size, zeta potential, and molecular weight. (news-medical.net)
The results presented in this thesis indicate that the particle emissions in SECAs are dominated by nanoparticles, independent of the fuel type used. (lighthouse.nu)
There is every reason to see if we can learn from these studies, and such work is beginning to emerge, for example comparisons between nanosized diesel emission particles and engineered nanoparticles. (lu.se)

The influence of dilution condition is known to affect the particle number size measurements of engine exhaust samples. (sae.org)
In her thesis Maria Zetterdahl focus on the first two methods and how fuel sulphur content and other fuel characteristics affect the particle emissions. (lighthouse.nu)

Indeed, according to the United Nations' Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, the cooling effect of white particles may counteract as much as about half of the warming effect of carbon dioxide. (project-syndicate.org)
This paper illustrates a method to determine the experimental uncertainties in the measurement of tailpipe emissions of carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide, nitrogen oxides, hydrocarbons, and particulates. (sae.org)

Mean primary particle diameter ranged from 6-19 nm, however, laser induced incandescence (LII) and mass-mobility calculated primary particle diameters demonstrated opposite trends with thrust setting. (canada.ca)
The median diameters at which particles exhibit aerosol behavior also correspond to the sizes at which they are efficiently deposited in the lower respiratory tract when inhaled. (cdc.gov)

Exposure can be reduced by acquiring an encased printer that has been designed with emission management in mind, by avoiding staying in the same room with a printer for longer periods of time or, most reliably, by directing the emissions out of the indoor air,' says Specialist Research Scientist Anna-Kaisa Viitanen from the Finnish Institute of Occupational Health. (aalto.fi)
Printing ABS plastic using a tabletop printer caused nanoparticle emissions whose spread into the indoor air should be restricted,' Anna-Kaisa Viitanen summarises. (aalto.fi)
According to Dr. Marilyn Black, Senior Technical Advisor to UL, "Based on research results and safety concern over these emissions, stakeholders agreed to move forward with UL taking a lead role to develop an ANSI standard for measuring and assessing printer emissions for safe use in indoor spaces. (ul.com)

This paper presents a new technique, Multiple-Positron Emission Particle Tracking (Multiple-PEPT), which can follow multiple particles simultaneously through a considerable thickness of surrounding material. (ed.ac.uk)
Positron emission tomography (PET) with a variety of targeted tracers may detect areas of inflammation, angiogenesis, hypoxia, and microcalcification. (medscape.com)
This paper aimed to review the literature regarding the application of positron emission tomography in head and neck cancer, including its impact in the diagnosis, image principles, radiotracers, positron emission tomography / computed tomography image fusion and other advantages. (bvsalud.org)
It could be observed that the use of positron emission tomography improves the diagnostic approach of the patients, especially when positron emission tomography is allied to computed tomography. (bvsalud.org)
As it provides physiological information, positron emission tomography also benefits the prognostic and reduces the morbidity related to the treatment of head and neck cancer. (bvsalud.org)

and communication to the public and users of 3D printers for minimizing emission exposure and public health impacts. (ul.com)
Transparent barriers between workers and customers are being widely deployed to reduce the risk of transmission of SARS-CoV-2, but research is needed on the degree of protection provided by these barriers, and especially on the effects of particle size on exposure reduction. (cdc.gov)

During a couple of decades, emission reductions risk leading to net climate warming due to the 'masking' effect of air particles, before the temperature reduction from reduced greenhouse gas emissions takes over. (eurasiareview.com)
Extensive use of petrochemical plastic packaging leads to the greenhouse gas emission and contamination to soil and oceans, posing major threats to the ecosystem. (mdpi.com)

The concept of short-lived climate pollutants, including particles, are on the political agenda as illustrated by for example the formation of the he Climate and Clean Air Coalition. (lu.se)

For example, sodium in glass is of great importance but can be hard to measure non destructively: X-ray fluorescence (XRF) and particle-induced X-ray emission (PIXE) are both sensitive only to the surface few microns of the sample because of the low energy (and consequent high absorption coefficient) of the Na K X-rays (1.05 keV). (wikipedia.org)

abstract = "Particle and gaseous emissions of four different wood chip-fired district heating units in the size range 5−15 MW were studied. (vtt.fi)

The flue gas particles were collected by an Andersen 8-stage impactor, and their mass concentration and particle size distribution were investigated. (aaqr.org)
The total climate, air quality and health impact of aircraft black carbon (BC) emissions depends on quantity (mass and number concentration), as well as morphology (fractal dimension and surface area) of emitted BC aggregates. (canada.ca)
The modern aircraft engines are characterized by decreasing levels of mass emissions of particulate matter, leading to little contribution to the mass concentration. (easychair.org)
Here we will introduce our recent studies on utilizing the Automatic Dependent Surveillance-Broadcast (ADS-B) from OpenSky network to develop the black carbon (BC) particle number emission inventory for global civil aviation and to investigate the influences of aviation emissions on the particle number concentration near Zurich airport. (easychair.org)
The preliminary dispersion results showed that the number concentration of volatile particles emitted by aviation was about 2 orders of magnitude higher than that of non-volatile particles. (easychair.org)

In Anchorage, Alaska , particulates with aerodynamic diameter ≤10 um (PM10) arise primarily from natural, geologic sources, and particulates with aerodynamic diameter ≤2.5 um (PM2.5) arise primarily from automobile emissions. (cdc.gov)

An environmental chamber methodology was developed for studying emissions and monitoring their behavior over time, and comparative particle toxicity studies were presented. (ul.com)
Aerosol scientists bring a unique understanding of airborne particle behavior to infectious disease transmission studies. (cdc.gov)

This report is part of a project to characterize cotton gin emissions from the standpoint of total particulate stack sampling and particle size analyses. (cotton.org)

Fuel elemental composition and moisture content have strong influences on emissions. (copernicus.org)
Currently, regulations on vehicle evaporative emissions only focus on the sum of Total Hydrocarbons (THC) without taking into account either the detailed hydrocarbon composition nor other chemicals be. (sae.org)
additional information on the SIDI particulate, including particle composition, mass, and dynamic shape factors (DSFs) in the transition () and free-molecular () flow regimes. (osti.gov)

The particle removal properties of wet flue gas desulfurization with double towers. (aaqr.org)
All of the units were equipped with cyclones to remove coarse particles from the flue gas. (vtt.fi)

Prior to the filtration experiments, a scanning mobility particle spectrometer (SMPS) was used to measure the electrical-mobility based particle size distribution (PSD) in the SIDI exhaust from distinct engine operating conditions. (osti.gov)
This instrument was coupled with a laser particle spectrometer for particles between 0.35 microm and 10 microm (Wide Range Particle Spectrometer, Model 1000XP, MSC Corp). Carbon monoxide levels were determined with an electrochemical sensor (Q-Trak monitor, Model 8554, TSI). (who.int)

Alpha particle energy spectra and angular distributions, in coincidence with a projectile-like fragment, were acquired both in the reaction plane and out of the reaction plane at a fixed in-plane angle. (psu.edu)
The out-of-plane alpha particle angular distributions and the gamma-ray multiplicities are used to study the transfer and partitioning of angular momentum between the two fragments. (psu.edu)
For the /sup nat/Ag + /sup 84/Kr system, individual fragment spins are extracted form the alpha particle angular distributions as a function of mass asymmetry while the sum of the fragment spins is derived from the gamma-ray multiplicities. (psu.edu)
Out-of-plane alpha particle distributions, gamma-ray multiplicities, fragment spins as well as the formalism for the spin evaluation at various levels of sophistication are presented. (psu.edu)
Traditionally this method is based on elastic scattering of alpha particle on nuclei in the sample. (lu.se)

Prompt proton decay lines in Cu-58 have been studied by means of high-resolution in-beam particle-gamma coincidence spectroscopy using the GAMMASPHERE Ge-detector array in conjunction with a dedicated set of ancillary detectors including four DeltaE-E silicon-strip telescopes. (lu.se)

On the website, tutorials and FAQ sec- tions are provided to help with the usage of the Herwig is a multi purpose particle physics event gener- program. (lu.se)

Particle number and size distribution of the diesel engine were obtained using an Engine Exhaust Particle Sizer (EEPS). (sae.org)
The scrubber removes between 32% and 43% of the particle mass from the exhaust at the HFO tests upstream and downstream of the scrubber, but levels equivalent to those in LSFO exhaust are not reached. (ivl.se)
Non-exhaust traffic induced emissions are a major source of particle mass in most European countries. (diva-portal.org)
The combined exhaust gas aftertreatment systems (DPF+SCR) are the most efficient way and the best available technology (BAT) to radically reduce the critical Diesel emission components particles (PM&N. (sae.org)
Car exhaust is full of dangerous particles that affect the health of both people and the environment. (theenvironmentalblog.org)

Particle emissions into Earth's atmosphere affect both human health and the climate. (project-syndicate.org)
White particles, however, reflect some of the incoming sunlight back into space, producing a cooling effect on Earth's climate. (project-syndicate.org)
Lowering the level of black particles in the atmosphere would benefit both human health and the climate. (project-syndicate.org)
Aerosol particles and their role for clouds and climate is an important part of climate research and of huge importance for air quality around the world. (lu.se)
Results from this study are applicable to emission inventory improvements as well as air quality management to assess the health and climate effects of household-waste open burning. (copernicus.org)
When emissions suddenly decreased during the pandemic in South Asia (mainly Pakistan, India and Bangladesh), an opportunity was created to see what impact this had on the climate. (eurasiareview.com)
Through this large-scale geophysical experiment, we were able to demonstrate that while the sky became bluer and the air cleaner, climate warming increased when these cooling air particles were removed," says Professor Örjan Gustafsson at Stockholm University, who is responsible for the measurements in the Maldives and who led the study. (eurasiareview.com)
But despite an initial climate warming effect, we obviously still urgently need a powerful emission reduction," says Örjan Gustafsson. (eurasiareview.com)

By contrast, white particles consist largely of sulfur from the burning of coal and oil. (project-syndicate.org)
Furthermore, sulfur-rich white particles contribute to the acidification of soil and water. (project-syndicate.org)
and China, too, seems to be taking measures to reduce sulfur emissions and improve the country's terrible air quality. (project-syndicate.org)

Modelling studies have estimated that particle emissions from ships may be responsible for approximately 60 000 premature deaths from lung cancer and cardiopulmonary diseases annually on a global level. (lighthouse.nu)

The 2nd stage seed-cotton cleaning system particle size distributions were characterized by an average mass median diameter of 12.2 µm (aerodynamic equivalent diameter). (cotton.org)
For example, a Type FFP2 / FFP3 & N95 respirator may allow up to 5% penetration in "a worst-case scenario," when most-penetrating sodium chloride particles of 0.3 µm mass median aerodynamic diameter are drawn through the filter at a flow rate of 85 1 min -1 (Federal Register, 1995). (ge-e.com)
The median diameter of the particles in a full smoking set with charcoal, tobacco and water was 0.04 microm. (who.int)

In contrast, shedding of non-expiratory micron-scale particulates from friable cellulosic fibers in homemade cotton-fabric masks confounded explicit determination of their efficacy at reducing expiratory particle emission. (nih.gov)

They made it by firing helium nuclei (alpha particles) at curium-242. (rsc.org)
By the laws on conservation of momentum and energy the energy of the backscattered particle is a function of the mass of the target nuclei and hence by measuring the energy the mass can be deduced. (lu.se)

A: The risk of an engineered nanoparticle is estimated based upon two factors: 1) the toxicity of the particle, and 2) how exposed we are to these particles. (lu.se)

The in-plane data for both systems are employed to show that the bulk of the alpha particles in coincidence with the deep-inelastic exit channel can be explained by evaporation from the fully accelerated fragments. (psu.edu)

These masks similarly decreased the outward particle emission of a coughing superemitter, who for unclear reasons emitted up to two orders of magnitude more expiratory particles via coughing than average. (nih.gov)
The particle penetration through the mask was found to decrease by one-to-two orders of magnitude as a result of continuous unipolar ion emission in the chamber. (ge-e.com)

The change in vacuum aerodynamic diameter () distribution of mass-selected particles was examined for flow through the filter to identify whether preferential capture of particles of certain shapes occurred in the filter. (osti.gov)

The complexity is further compounded by the fact that the biosphere, clouds and particles are related through important feedback processes. (lu.se)
From the literature reviewed for this thesis, it was observed that particle sizes can be monitored online with AE but there does not appear to be a system capable of monitoring particle sizes for processes where the final powder mixture ratio varies significantly. (cranfield.ac.uk)
Radiation, despite its reputation in pop culture as a harmful emission resulting from a natural disaster, is a property of many materials and processes and must be carefully monitored for quality and safety. (control.com)

With the biodiesel blend ratios increasing, the number of nucleation mode particles increases at all test engine operating conditions and accumulation mode particles decreases at most engine operating conditions. (sae.org)

Examples of such models are box models based on MCM (Master Chemical Mechanism) or similar chemical schemes linked to some dynamic aerosol particle representations often based on information from laboratory work. (lu.se)
The emission of alpha particles in coincidence with the most deeply inelastic heavy-ion reactions has been studied for /sup 181/Ta/sup +/ /sup 165/Ho at 1354 MeV laboratory energy and /sup nat/Ag + /sup 84/Kr at 664 MeV. (psu.edu)
The aim of this study was to characterise the inhalation pattern of waterpipe smokers, and (a) construct apparatus to simulate waterpipe smoking in the laboratory, and (b) characterise mainstream emissions from waterpipes under different smoking conditions. (who.int)
smokers/100 m3) was calculated for both water-pipe and suspended particles.3 9 10 Limited laboratory testing [email protected] cigarette smokers. (who.int)

Researchers evaluated the impact of age, body mass index, and gender on aerosol particles. (news-medical.net)
Researchers from the Finnish Institute of Occupational Health measured the emissions produced by a tabletop FDM printer, i.e. an extruder, when using ABS and PLA, the two most common plastic mixtures. (aalto.fi)

That are some of the findings from Maria Zetterdahl, Chalmers Department of Shipping and Marine Technology, in her doctoral thesis, Particle Emissions from Ships - Measurements on Exhausts from Different Fuels. (lighthouse.nu)

The particle number size distribution of the engine shows unimodal or bimodal log-normal distribution. (sae.org)
During the filtration experiments, real-time measurements of PSDs upstream and downstream of the filter sample were used to estimate the filtration performance and the total trapped mass within the filter using an integrated particle size distribution method. (osti.gov)
The particle number and size distribution are crucial metrics for toxicological analysis and aerosol-cloud interactions. (easychair.org)
What is the particle size distribution? (cdc.gov)

In addition, current EPA AP-42 emission factor quality ratings for cotton gin PM 10 (particulate matter with nominal diameter less than or equal to 10 µm) data are questionable, being extremely low. (cotton.org)
Using aggregation and sintering theory with empirical effective density relationships, a power law relationship between primary particle diameter and mobility diameter is presented. (canada.ca)
Similarly, mass-mobility-calculated aggregate mass specific surface area and LII-measured surface area were not in agreement, indicating both methods need further development and validation before use as quantitative indicators of primary particle diameter and mass-specific surface area. (canada.ca)

Since 1st of January 2015, ships operating in sulphur emission control areas, SECAs, have to use marine fuels with a sulphur content less than 0,1 %m/m. (lighthouse.nu)
A fuel shift from a heavy fuel oil, HFO, to a low-sulphur residual marine fuel oil (also called hybrid fuels) has no or little effect on the PN (particle number) emissions and the emissions are dominated by even smaller particles. (lighthouse.nu)
The FSC (fuel sulphur content) regulation is a step in the right direction towards reduced particle emissions, if alternative fuels, such as LNG, or marine fuels, more similar to distillates, are used. (lighthouse.nu)
Another subject is the investigation of emissions from alternative fuels such as methanol. (lighthouse.nu)

Anatomy17

Organisms13

Chemicals and Drugs105

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment50

Phenomena and Processes49

Disciplines and Occupations8

Technology, Industry, Agriculture23

Information Science7

Health Care25

Geographicals1

Comparing measures targe1

Ultrafine8

Combustion10

Soot9

Gases13

Characterization1

Concentrations4

Particulate emissions2

Fine particles8

Pollution29

Dust9

Reduce particle emissions1

Polycyclic aromatic hyd2

Aerosols4

Airborne particles3

Nanoparticles3

Affect the particle2

Carbon dioxide2

Diameters2

Indoor3

Positron5

Exposure2

Greenhouse2

Pollutants1

PIXE1

Abstract1

Concentration5

PM2.51

Behavior2

Characterize1

Composition3

Flue gas2

Spectrometer2

Alpha particle5

Spectroscopy1

Physics1

Exhaust5

Climate8

Sulfur3

Modelling1

Median3

Particulates1

Nuclei2

Toxicity1

Evaporation1

Orders of magnit2

Aerodynamic1

Processes3

Decreases1

Laboratory4

Researchers2

Exhausts1

Size distribution4

Diameter3

Fuels4