Embryos therapeutic cloning. Medical search. Frequent questions

After Gov. Jim Doyle vetoed a bill that would have banned cloning of human embryonic stem cells for research purposes, the legislative director of Wisconsin's Right to Life movement made a remark that seemed straight out of a science fiction movie. (wtnnews.com)

Editing embryos in this manner means that the genetic changes can be carried down to future generations, and since the technology concerns editing the genes of an unborn baby, it is considered controversial and is subject to ethical debate. (wikipedia.org)
And their work is reigniting the ethical debate over human cloning of any kind. (cnn.com)
KAGAN: Supporters of therapeutic cloning say it holds tremendous promise of medical research, but ethical concerns arise because the research destroys human embryos. (cnn.com)
Clonaid's claim to have produced the first human clones propelled the ethical debate about human cloning to the headlines last December. (reasons.org)
The bill also applies Federal ethical regulations on human subject research and outlaws the transfer of cloned embryos to a woman's uterus or to any artificial womb. (boloji.com)
However, the derivation of human NT-ESCs goes with the destruction of clone embryos, leading to fierce ethical disputes. (benthamscience.com)
The Ethical Debate Concerning Cloning In the year that has elapsed since the announcement of Dolly's birth, there has been much discussion of the ethical implications of cloning humans. (bartleby.com)
Several authors have attempted to outline some of the ethical objections to cloning while at the same time minimizing the role religion plays in this debate. (bartleby.com)
The report offers an ethical and policy analysis, articulating what makes cloning morally repugnant and calling for the practice to be definitively prohibited in the United States. (thenewatlantis.com)
Human cloning is intrinsically illicit in that, by taking the ethical negativity of techniques of artificial fertilization to their extreme, it seeks to give rise to a new human being without a connection to the act of reciprocal self-giving between the spouses and, more radically, without any link to sexuality. (archdiocese-no.org)
From the ethical point of view, so-called therapeutic cloning is even more serious. (archdiocese-no.org)
In particular, scientific developments in areas such as iPS cells open new possibilities of research and, at mid term, of therapeutic applications, but they also bring new ethical challenges and problems requiring further reflection and debate. (lifeissues.net)
It is true, though, that cloning, used in conjunction with other bio-technologies, raises serious bio-ethical questions. (earthtomarrakech.org)
Embryonic stem cell production through therapeutic cloning has fewer ethical problems than stem cell harvest from surplus IVF embryos. (philpapers.org)
Cloning technology, however, is perceived as having the potential for reproductive cloning, which raises serious ethical and moral concerns. (who.int)

The American Medical Association (AMA) defines human cloning as genetically identical organism's production through a process of somatic cell's nuclear transfer (SCNT). (premiumessays.net)
Again, Saunders is referring to SCNT as "THE" cloning procedure, when there are many other ways to clone a human being as well, and he is scientifically mis-defining the product of SCNT (i.e., the cloned human embryo). (lifeissues.net)
Under such circumstances, the idea of "therapeutic cloning" was proposed, indicating the generation of ESCs from SCNT embryos for therapeutic purpose. (benthamscience.com)
Somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT) is a type of cloning that has to be done in a lab. (bartleby.com)
In SCNT they take the nucleolus out of an egg cell, replace it with the nucleolus of a somatic cell (body cell with two complete sets of chromosomes), and make the egg cell divide into a blastocyst ("What Is Cloning? (bartleby.com)
SCNT, or therapeutic cloning, is one method used to produce a source of individually-tailored stem cells. (medicalxpress.com)
One aspect to this project will be to source oocytes, or immature egg cells to generate SCNT embryos from which embryonic stem cells are harvested. (medicalxpress.com)

The reader benefits from the scholar's clear explanation about embryonic stem-cell research and therapeutic cloning. (catholicnewsagency.com)
While some observers disagree with any use of embryos for scientific research, the overall position taken by the Assisted Human Reproduction Act seeks to maintain respect for human life and its transmission," she says in her conclusion. (catholicnewsagency.com)
The first day of debate provoked strong arguments both in favor of freedom of research and in favor of a ban on human cloning. (wnd.com)
Australia's federal cabinet moved this week to ban the use of leftover in-vitro fertilization embryos for research, provoking speculation that renowned Australian scientists may immigrate to countries where embryo research is permitted. (wnd.com)
The human embryo is cloned, then used only for research or therapeutic treatments. (wnd.com)
So far, public attention to the new health care has focused on two of its methods: embryonic stem-cell research and therapeutic cloning. (ssrn.com)
The alleged need for so-called therapeutic cloning - cloning embryos for research - is now passé. (bioedge.org)
South Korean scientists say they have taken a major step forward in cloning human embryos for medical research purposes. (cnn.com)
SOHN JIE-AE, CNN CORRESPONDENT (voice-over): South Korean researchers report that they have created embryos through cloning, not for the purpose of making babies, but to create stem cells for scientific research. (cnn.com)
PROF. HWANG YOON-YOUNG, HANYANG UNIVERSITY (through translator): Our research team has successfully culled stem cells from a cloned human embryo through mature growing process in a test tube. (cnn.com)
YOON-YOUNG (through translator): The result of our research proves it is possible scientifically for human cloning, and we are likely to revive the controversy over human cloning. (cnn.com)
Recent and ongoing research suggests an alternative approach that can achieve the same goal (repair of damaged or diseased organs) without destroying human embryos. (reasons.org)
American feminists and women's health activists are debating on the difficult issue of human cloning and stem cell research. (boloji.com)
However, the Senate bill does allow for therapeutic cloning, known as 'nuclear transplantation', for research on therapies that could cure several serious and life-threatening diseases. (boloji.com)
The Society for Women's Health Research, a non-profit group, agrees that therapeutic cloning should be allowed. (boloji.com)
At the same time, the statement calls for a five-year moratorium on the use of cloning to create human embryos for research purposes. (boloji.com)
While supporting research that would help to determine whether stem cells have therapeutic effects, they point out that those adult stem cells, umbilical cord stem cells, and embryonic stem cells not derived from embryos created for research can be used. (boloji.com)
That makes it all the more interesting that none of them profess to oppose research cloning on the anti-abortion grounds that human embryos -- created and then destroyed for their stem cells in the process -- are morally equivalent to persons. (prospect.org)
There was a real effort to get this off the issue of where life begins," notes Daniel Perry, executive director of the Alliance for Aging Research, which supports research cloning. (prospect.org)
Largely owing to the education efforts of the umbrella Coalition for the Advancement of Medical Research, legislators who might once have thought of The Boys from Brazil when they heard the word "cloning" now think of potential cures for Parkinson's and Alzheimer's. (prospect.org)
Otherwise, such a treaty would not recognize the inherent human nature of the early human embryo or fetus until after birth , and thus cloning them and using them for research - both "therapeutic" and "reproductive" -- would not be banned, and women undergoing "infertility treatments" could surely be put in danger. (lifeissues.net)
Kuldip S. Sidhu , " Frontiers in Pluripotent Stem Cells Research and Therapeutic Potentials Bench-to-Bedside ", Bentham Science Publishers (2012). (benthamscience.com)
5. In 2001, France and Germany requested the United Nations General Assembly to develop international conventions on human reproductive cloning, therapeutic cloning and research on stem cells. (who.int)
Mr Jennings said changes to the Victorian Infertility Treatment Act and the NSW Human Cloning and Other Prohibited Practices Act have opened up new opportunities for stem cell research in Australia. (medicalxpress.com)
It was one of the trusty clichés of science journalists in the heated debates five or six years ago over embryo research, "therapeutic cloning" and embryonic stem cells. (crisismagazine.com)
Britain s House of Lords final approval of therapeutic human cloning and embryonic stem cells research has intensified the battle for ascendancy between adult and embryonic stem cells. (i-sis.org.uk)
But cloning research continued, and American scientists announced in 2013 that they had for the first time successfully obtained stem cells from cloned human embryos. (thenewatlantis.com)
Although the latest scientific work related to cloning has been focused on potential medical applications, much of that research is relevant to the creation of cloned children. (thenewatlantis.com)
Cloning-for-biomedical-research is also profoundly unethical, as it turns human reproduction into a manufacturing process in the most literal sense: human embryos are created to serve as raw materials for the production of biomedical research supplies. (thenewatlantis.com)
Cloning-for-biomedical-research also endangers the health and safety of the women called on to undergo dangerous hormone treatments to serve as egg donors. (thenewatlantis.com)
If research cloning is not stopped now, we face the prospect of the mass farming of human embryos and fetuses, and the transformation of the noble enterprise of biomedical research into a grotesque system of exploitation and death. (thenewatlantis.com)
The Threat of Human Cloning concludes by calling for laws prohibiting both human cloning and the creation of embryos for research. (thenewatlantis.com)
But cloning for therapeutic reasons - meaning, carefully regulated research into disease using human embryonic embryos - is an entirely different matter. (wtnnews.com)
Today, GeneWatch UK has written to the chair of the Human Fertilisation and Embryology Authority (HFEA), Suzi Leather, asking for decisions about applications to clone human embryos for research to be open and transparent (1). (genewatch.org)
There may be reasons to allow embryo cloning research to take place, but this must not be based on false hype and speculation about future cures for diseases', said Dr Sue Mayer, GeneWatch's Director. (genewatch.org)
There are no commercial or other reasons for decisions about human cloning research applications to be taken behind closed doors. (genewatch.org)
According to press reports, the Roslin Institute wants to clone human embryos for research on motor neurone disease (see e.g 'Cloning hope for neurone disease' The Guardian 29th September 2004). (genewatch.org)
GeneWatch sent a fax, e-mails and a letter on 15th June, 28th June, 22nd July and 17th August 2004, asking for research cloning applications to be made public. (genewatch.org)
Yesterday, according to press reports, the Roslin Institute applied to the HFEA for a licence to clone human embryos for research. (genewatch.org)
GeneWatch UK recognises that there may be justifiable reasons for conducting human embryo cloning research, but believes these reasons need to be examined publicly and not be based on press hype and speculation about cures for diseases. (genewatch.org)
The rule circumvented a 1995 congressional ban on using federal money for biomedical research on embryos outside the womb by allowing researchers to use stem cells extracted by a third party. (christianitytoday.com)
Under the rule, a third party could destroy the embryo by taking it apart and preserving the remaining living stem cells for research. (christianitytoday.com)
The President has allowed federal funding to go toward research on stem cell lines created from surplus fertility clinic embryos, but not for stem cell lines created in the lab. (ncac.org)
Last August, President George W. Bush announced his decision banning federal funding for stem-cell research that involved the destruction of living human embryos. (commonwealmagazine.org)
Therapeutic cloning, which advocates claim holds the promise of one day helping to develop cures for diseases such as Alzheimer's and spinal cord injuries, is widely supported within the scientific research community, and has recently been given the imprimatur of the National Academy of Sciences. (commonwealmagazine.org)
Kass opposes all cloning, and there seems little chance that his commission, which is weighted heavily with thinkers who express similar skepticism about the direction and pace of biogenetic research, will issue a report approving therapeutic cloning. (commonwealmagazine.org)
The commission's likely refusal to embrace cloning despite the medical potential of stem-cell research has aroused the ire of many who are impatient with arguments about when life begins. (commonwealmagazine.org)
Those opposed to such research think that the logic of justification behind therapeutic cloning will set a dangerous precedent, legitimating experimentation on other human beings, born and unborn. (commonwealmagazine.org)
increased public sensitivity and awareness together with the development of national regulations of governance of human cloning and embryo research in general. (lifeissues.net)
An in-depth analysis aiming at re-defining this terminology according to the new developments in human embryo research would be highly beneficial . (lifeissues.net)
3. National regulations of governance of human cloning and embryo research in general adopted so far confirm the convergence of views of the refusal to adopt legislation or guidelines permitting reproductive cloning , while they still show variations on the legitimacy of human cloning carried out as part of research agendas. (lifeissues.net)
ON NOVEMBER 6, 2003, the legal committee of the UN General Assembly decided that a vote to ban research on the reproductive cloning of human beings need not be taken up till the end of 2005. (org.in)
But European countries, along with Brazil and South Africa, had lobbied for a partial one: they wished to exempt therapeutic cloning research. (org.in)
this prompts anti-abortion sympathisers to oppose all forms of cloning research. (org.in)
Back in 2001, China officially declared its support for therapeutic cloning and called for a legal framework to properly monitor research. (org.in)
He said cloning research was no longer necessary because of recent advances in stem cell science. (bioedge.org)
Some prohibit only cloning for reproductive purposes and allow the creation of cloned human embryos for research, whereas others prohibit the creation of cloned embryos for any purpose. (who.int)
Although many species produce clonal offspring in this fashion, Dolly, the lamb born in 1996 at a research institute in Scotland, was the first asexually produced mammalian clone. (who.int)
The privately-funded experiment, which took place at Seoul National University under the guidance of Korean Hwang Woo-suk and American Jose Cibelli, was only the latest in a group of announcements from research institutions in Asia in the last few years, and demonstrates that cloning research is becoming "globalized" like any other commodity. (publicintegrity.org)
Chinese scientists at various research institutions have reported successful experiments in human cloning, including the production of human-rabbit hybrid embryonic stem cells, according to the claims of Professor Lu Guangxiu at Xiangya Medical College, who told the Wall Street Journal in March of 2002 that researchers at the College had been successfully cloning embryos for two years. (publicintegrity.org)
China has reportedly been increasing its funding for cloning and other biotechnology research efforts. (publicintegrity.org)
Among the largest Asian countries, Japan was an early pioneer in regulating human embryo research, pledging international cooperation on the issue following pronouncements on the subject at a June 1997 meeting of the Group of Eight in Denver, Colorado. (publicintegrity.org)
China enacted regulations early this year to allow the cloning of human embryos for research, and South Korea enacted similar legislation to allow research days ahead of the February announcement. (publicintegrity.org)
The United States currently has no comprehensive law, and legislation that would have banned both research and reproductive cloning has failed to reach a vote in the Senate after approval in the House of Representatives in July 2001. (publicintegrity.org)
A growing number of U.S. legislators seem prepared to support research on therapeutic cloning. (publicintegrity.org)
Several western scientists have been conducting their research in Asian countries in the past few years, including Cibelli, formerly of Advanced Cell Technology, an early U.S. pioneer of embryo research, as well as Alan Colman, now located in Singapore, one of the scientists who helped create the first mammalian clone, the sheep Dolly. (publicintegrity.org)
Therapeutic cloning using stem cells continues, raising debate around use of human embryos for research that could save lives. (rauias.com)
This paper outlines the debates prompted through a reproduction mechanism involv- by progress in cloning research, with special ing male and female germ cells. (who.int)

There is no way that human cloning could be developed without unethical mass experimentation on women and children,' they said. (boloji.com)
He is doing so again in his opposition to human cloning experimentation. (catholicleague.org)
Although the simple use of the word 'clone' may have negative connotations, many people have resigned themselves to the idea of cloning cows that produce more milk or using a cloned mouse for use in controlled experimentation. (bartleby.com)
Indeed, some observers believe the demand for stem cells is dangerously close to spawning a huge commercial industry around the sale of and experimentation on human embryos. (christianitytoday.com)
experimentation on embryos which is not directly therapeutic is illicit. (archdiocese-no.org)
No objective, even though noble in itself, such as a foreseeable advantage to science, to other human beings or to society, can in any way justify experimentation on living human embryos or foetuses, whether viable or not, either inside or outside the mother's womb. (archdiocese-no.org)

Therapeutic cloning, known as "clone and kill" because the embryo is not transplanted into a surrogate mother for development, is favored by many scientists. (wnd.com)
Scientists are fast developing new ways of culturing the biological materials now exclusively produced by embryos. (ssrn.com)
After a few days, stem cells were formed, and scientists were able to remove them from the embryo and transfer them to a Petri dish. (cnn.com)
The technique, scientists say, was not designed to clone humans but to advance the understanding of the process known as therapeutic cloning, which could lead to treatment of diseases like diabetes and Parkinson's disease. (cnn.com)
The pro-therapeutic cloning side also saw some stunning conversions to its position -- Orrin Hatch, Strom Thurmond, Nancy Reagan, Gerald Ford -- and was bolstered by support from Nobel laureate scientists and celebrities such as Michael J. Fox and Christopher Reeve (who represent an army of patients suffering from serious and often life-threatening degenerative diseases). (prospect.org)
British scientists have been given permission to perform therapeutic cloning using human embryos for the first time," reported the August 11, 2004, BBC News. (discovery.org)
Even under the new legislation, scientists said, they could still not use federal money to create new cell lines if it involved the destruction of embryos. (consumerwatchdog.org)
However, following the successful derivation of human embryonic stem cells in 1998, the debate over human cloning largely shifted to the question of whether it is acceptable for scientists to create human embryos only to destroy them. (thenewatlantis.com)
just a few stories about scientists around the world who claim - falsely, of course - to have cloned babies. (wtnnews.com)
Other than a tiny number of weird scientists, it's hard to find anyone who likes the idea of implanting a cloned embryo into a woman's womb, risking not only the health of the "mother" but almost certainly producing babies with birth defects. (wtnnews.com)
First or all, scientists have been cloning human cells or their components for years. (wtnnews.com)
The eggs will then be used by scientists from Newcastle and Durham Universities to create embryos from which they will attempt to derive stem cells . (progress.org.uk)
Chinese scientists have successfully created chimeric embryos containing a combination of human and pig cells. (bioedge.org)
The con- is removed and replaced by a nucleus of cept of human cloning has long been in the another cell type, the stem cell will then imagination of many scientists, scholars and be reprogrammed to produce the product fiction writers [ 1 ]. (who.int)

Action by various states, nations and international organizations was spurred by the November announcement by Massachusetts-based Advanced Cell Technology that it had successfully cloned human embryos. (wnd.com)

For example, the same technology used to eliminate disease-causing genes or to clone embryos may eventually be deployed to produce genetically engineered children. (ssrn.com)
Cloned human embryos express the genes required for pluripotency, but animal-human hybrids do not, according to a study published today (Feb. 2nd) in the journal__ linkurl:Cloning and Stem Cells. (the-scientist.com)
B)The use of BACs reduces the frequency with which specific genes will be cut within the coding region by restriction enzymes and divided up among two or more clones. (easynotecards.com)

We can therefore disentangle the "life issue" of embryo-destruction from the "dignity issue" of baby manufacture, and enact a legislative ban on cloning and other degrading forms of baby-making, as recommended unanimously by the President's Council on Bioethics: Prohibit all attempts to conceive a child by any means other the union of egg and sperm, both obtained from adults. (bioedge.org)
But creating the stem cells now involves the destruction of human embryos, which some people, including Mr. Bush, say is immoral. (consumerwatchdog.org)
But even this form of cloning is wrong: it entails the creation and then the destruction of human embryos. (catholicleague.org)
This kind of cloning is today being performed at several scientific labs in the United States, despite the availability of alternative techniques that produce cells of nearly the same scientific and medical value but that require neither the creation nor destruction of human embryos. (thenewatlantis.com)
Other policy options, such as supposed compromises that would prohibit "reproductive cloning" but permit "therapeutic cloning" by prohibiting not the act of creating a cloned embryo but the act of transferring a cloned embryo to a woman's uterus, would inherently mandate the wide-scale destruction of human embryos. (thenewatlantis.com)
President Bush, saying he wanted to "proceed with great care," announced in a national address on August 9 that he would allow federal funding of an existing 60 stem-cell lines but would not permit tax dollars to pay for the destruction of any additional human embryos. (christianitytoday.com)
But many believe the destruction of a human embryo is the destruction of human life and should not be allowed for any reason. (christianitytoday.com)
The real issue is quite straightforward: Those in favor of therapeutic cloning believe that the potential good to be derived from the destruction of the embryo outweighs the fact that human life has been created only to be exploited and then destroyed. (commonwealmagazine.org)

The egg is then implanted in a woman's womb and a cloned baby is born nine months later. (earthtomarrakech.org)

DARYN KAGAN, ANCHOR: Another story we're watching very closely today, the medical and moral debate over cloning. (cnn.com)
Nevertheless, the report is sure to spark a renewal of the debate over whether all forms of human cloning should be banned. (cnn.com)
Given this fanfare, the debate has tended to focus on reproductive cloning-the use of cloning to generate a human being-and its bizarre societal and familial side effects. (reasons.org)
For this reason, argues Fukuyama, the current cloning debate amounts to "an important strategic opportunity to establish the possibility of political control over biotechnology. (prospect.org)
As former Clinton administration bioethicist R. Alta Charo puts it, according to this strategy "the cloning debate is about everything but what it's about. (prospect.org)
In the Senate, however, the cloning debate turned out to be about exactly what it's about. (prospect.org)
Already, news that Advanced Cell Technology-a Massachusetts-based, privately held biotech company-and Virginia Medical School's Jones Institute had created or planned to create human embryos for the sole purpose of extracting their stem cells has troubled those on both sides of the debate. (christianitytoday.com)
An Australian ban on therapeutic cloning was lifted in December 2006 after a long debate in Federal parliament. (bioedge.org)
This cell then has therapeutic cloning: the global the capacity to divide and grow into an exact replica of the original from whom the debate somatic cell was taken. (who.int)

The object of reproductive cloning is to implant the cloned embryo into a surrogate mother and permit the human child to develop. (wnd.com)

Many nations oppose human reproductive cloning as "inherently unethical. (wnd.com)
Perhaps Ramsey would give other extraordinarily powerful arguments as to why human cloning is unethical, but he obviously would not be able to base it on his unscientific "pre-embryo" position. (lifeissues.net)
Creating a human by cloning is widely seen as unethical, is illegal in most jurisdictions, and is technically difficult. (msdmanuals.com)

The resulting embryos are usually cultured for 3-6 days, allowing them to reach the blastomere or blastocyst stage. (wikipedia.org)
A blastocyst (cloned or not), because it lacks any trace of a nervous system, has no capacity for suffering or conscious experience in any form - the special properties that, in our view, spell the difference between biological tissue and a human life worthy of respect and rights. (wikiquote.org)

Therapeutic cloning, as distinct from reproductive cloning, will lead to unprecedented medical advances, say researchers. (wnd.com)
Given their expressed commitment to the sanctity of life, religious leaders will soon find the tables turned: researchers will accuse them of causing death if they fail to support medicine that cures the sick without harming embryos. (ssrn.com)
The researchers then used these cells as the source of genetic material to clone pigs with organs that lacked the sugar groups responsible for HAR. (reasons.org)
Not the fact that the UK will permit researchers to create human cloned embryos-that has been on the drawing board for some time. (discovery.org)
Researchers are making great strides with hair cloning, but I have no idea how many years it's going to be before anything reliably safe and effective is commercially available. (baldingblog.com)
Bush promised in January to review a Clinton administration rule that allowed federal funding for researchers experimenting on embryo cells from fertility clinics. (christianitytoday.com)
The groups argue that rather than waste embryos that will be destroyed along with their stem cells, researchers should use them to help save those whose lives are being cut short by disease. (christianitytoday.com)
While an international framework to regulate cloning remains stalled in the United Nations, some Asian countries are offering more stable climates for researchers to pursue their work. (publicintegrity.org)

The first ever meeting of the Committee on an International Convention Against the Reproductive Cloning of Human Beings last week hosted national delegates and experts from Syria, Chile, Israel, Spain and the United States, among others. (wnd.com)
2. Over the years, the international community has tried without success to build a consensus on an international convention against the reproductive cloning of human beings. (who.int)
3. Creating awareness among ministries of health in the African Region will provide them with critical and relevant information on the reproductive cloning of human beings and its implications to the health status of the general population. (who.int)
7. The WHO Regional Committee for Africa is invited to review this document for information and guidance concerning reproductive cloning of human beings. (who.int)
3. Media reports on nuclear transfer are usually about one form, reproductive nuclear transfer, also known as reproductive cloning of human beings . (who.int)
Elaboration of an international convention against reproductive cloning of human beings has been under consideration in the United Nations since December 2001 when the subject was included in the agenda of the fifty- sixth session as a supplementary agenda item at the request of France and Germany. (who.int)

What is the legal status of a cloned person who has no parents, guardians or advocates? (wnd.com)
Further, cloning advocates are seeking to appropriate the language of reproductive rights and freedom of choice to support their case. (boloji.com)
And since then, as anti-cloning advocates began heaping pressure on the Senate to follow suit, a Fukuyama-esque cloning-as-wedge strategy seemed all pervasive. (prospect.org)

Human cloning involves creating embryos with the intent of implanting them in women to produce children. (boloji.com)
2. Nuclear transfer is a technique used to duplicate genetic material by creating an embryo through the transfer and fusion of a diploid cell in an enucleated female oocyte.2 Cloning has a broader meaning than nuclear transfer as it also involves gene replication and natural or induced embryo splitting (see Annex 1). (who.int)

Embryos for PGD are obtained from IVF procedures in which the oocyte is artificially fertilised by sperm. (wikipedia.org)
7. "[footnote 16]: The cloning procedure supplies the oocyte with a complete set of chromosomes, all of which are contained in the nucleus which is transferred into the denucleated oocyte. (lifeissues.net)

Their 'Human Cloning Prohibition Act of 2002' would prohibit human reproductive cloning by imposing significant criminal and civil penalties in the form of fines (at least $1 million) and up to ten years in prison. (boloji.com)
General Assembly the adoption of a declaration on human cloning by which Member States were called upon to prohibit all forms of human cloning inasmuch as they are incompatible with human dignity and the protection of human life. (who.int)

In June 2002, numerous international organizations joined the Collective in issuing a statement on human cloning in which they called on Congress to pass a strong, effective ban on using human cloning to create a human being. (boloji.com)

The scientific community expects the same for human clones. (reasons.org)
Reproductive cloning to produce human clones raises concerns about the wellbeing of clones, dignity/individuality, and propriety of controlling human life. (rauias.com)

Can biotechnology firms claim genetically modified, or GM, human embryos as intellectual property rights? (wnd.com)
In his recent book Our Posthuman Future: Consequences of the Biotechnology Revolution , Francis Fukuyama writes, "Cloning is the opening wedge for a series of new technologies that will ultimately lead to designer babies. (prospect.org)
Cloning in biotechnology refers to processes used to create copies of DNA fragments ( molecular cloning ), cells (cell cloning), or organisms . (wikiquote.org)
Developments in biotechnology have raised new concerns about animal welfare, as farm animals now have their genomes modified (genetically engineered) or copied (cloned) to propagate certain traits useful to agribusiness, such as meat yield or feed conversion. (wikiquote.org)
Cloning-to-produce-children could also be used to attempt to control the physical and even psychological traits of children, extending the eugenic logic of those who would use reproductive biotechnology to have the perfect child. (thenewatlantis.com)

In therapeutic cloning on the other hand, genetic material from a body cell is inserted into an egg cell, replacing the nucleus. (boloji.com)
Most natural cloning occurs in those species that produce their descendants asexually, that is, without combining the male and female genetic material. (who.int)

Cloning also entails organs and tissues production through cell implantation in cultures with the real embryo that will be born. (premiumessays.net)
However, there are a number of factors limiting the procurement of organs and accordingly, therapeutic cloning that perhaps can yield still better results needs to be considered as an alternative. (scialert.net)

In biology , cloning is the process of producing similar populations of genetically identical individuals that occurs in nature when organisms such as bacteria , insects or plants reproduce asexually . (wikiquote.org)
Thus, the clone would be genetically identical to the nucleus donor only if the egg came from the same donor or from her maternal line. (who.int)
Beyond this scientific interest, the commercial concern in animal cloning focuses on replicating large numbers of genetically identical animals, especially those derived from a progenitor that has been modified genetically. (who.int)

This spring the Senate will consider a bill sponsored by Tom Harkin (D-Iowa) that would ban cloning aimed at creating a child, but unlike the House bill, would permit therapeutic cloning. (commonwealmagazine.org)

A United Nations ad hoc committee has opened discussions on the merits and morality of cloning human beings, addressing many new questions that arise when considering the impact of such practice. (wnd.com)
WHA50.37 of 1997 argues that human cloning is ethically unacceptable and contrary to human integrity and morality. (who.int)
WHA50.37, which states "the use of cloning for the replication of human individuals is ethically unacceptable and contrary to human integrity and morality. (who.int)

Claims that you could clone individual treatments of human beings to treat common diseases like diabetes, suggests you need a huge supply of human eggs. (wikiquote.org)
Animal eggs no good for cloning? (the-scientist.com)
These eggs simply do not reprogram," lead author linkurl:Robert Lanza,;http://www.robertlanza.com/ chief scientific officer of Advanced Cell Technology in Worcester, Mass., said of the human-animal hybrid embryos. (the-scientist.com)

As such, cloning refers to a procedure via which the production of a baby with a genetic factor that is identical to that of the parents occurs. (premiumessays.net)
Pre-implantation genetic diagnosis (PGD or PIGD) is a procedure in which embryos are screened prior to implantation. (wikipedia.org)
Not only would cloning-to-produce-children be a dangerous experimental procedure, one that cannot be consented to by its subjects (the children created by it), it is also a profound distortion of the moral meaning of human procreation. (thenewatlantis.com)
The procedure employed and the biological entities created in therapeutic and reproductive cloning are identical. (commonwealmagazine.org)

While Somerville does not seem to disagree with the creation of embryos for in vitro fertilization, she states that embryos are indeed human life that should be respected. (catholicnewsagency.com)
Federal financing would still be restricted to stem cell lines derived from embryos that were slated to be discarded by in vitro fertilization clinics. (consumerwatchdog.org)
If a scientist knowingly and intentionally causes in vitro fertilization for the explicit and express purpose of creating an embryo - then the resulting fertilized egg has a right to mature and be born. (earthtomarrakech.org)

This process is known as germline engineering and performing this on embryos that will be brought to term is typically prohibited by law. (wikipedia.org)

1. Cloning is an umbrella term traditionally used to describe different processes for duplicating biological material. (who.int)
If cloning were to be done for reproduction, this would impose on the resulting individual a predetermined genetic identity, subjecting him - as has been stated - to a form of biological slavery, from which it would be difficult to free himself. (archdiocese-no.org)
has now been prevented by creating an embryo using biological material from 3 different people. (msdmanuals.com)

The desire to avert a "posthuman future" also drives the so-called secular case against therapeutic cloning outlined by Washington Post columnist Charles Krauthammer (a member of the President's Council on Bioethics, along with Fukuyama), ethicist Leon Kass (the council's chairman), and other neoconservatives. (prospect.org)
Kass and Daniel Callahan, for instance, have argued persuasively ("Ban Stand," New Republic , August 6, 2001) that there will be no effective way to control reproductive cloning once therapeutic cloning is permitted. (commonwealmagazine.org)

In her article, Somerville says Canada's Assisted Human Reproduction Act "reflects the view that to create embryos other than by sexual reproduction and other than to help people have children is inherently wrong. (catholicnewsagency.com)
Critics of reproductive cloning point out that it inevitably will be used to create a "master race" of humans. (wnd.com)
Such therapeutic cloning might be used to create stem cells from people with specific diseases. (consumerwatchdog.org)
A third view says that cloning will provide for the possibility of improvement by giving birth to children who are free of birth defects, because when any two people create a child through sex there is the possibility for genetic defects. (bartleby.com)
That is why he vetoed the so-called "human cloning bill," not because he or any Wisconsin scientist wants to create Frankenstein's monster or a body parts shopping mall. (wtnnews.com)
To create embryos with the intention of destroying them, even with the intention of helping the sick, is completely incompatible with human dignity, because it makes the existence of a human being at the embryonic stage nothing more than a means to be used and destroyed. (archdiocese-no.org)

Following the screening, embryos with the desired trait (or lacking an undesired trait such as a mutation) are transferred into the mother's uterus, then allowed to develop naturally. (wikipedia.org)
Moreover, most early-stage embryos that are produced naturally (that is, through the union of egg and sperm resulting from sexual intercourse) fail to implant and are therefore wasted or destroyed. (wikiquote.org)
A type of cloning that occurs naturally is when identical twins are born ("What Is Cloning? (bartleby.com)

Indeed, the idea of stockpiling cloned human embryos is not only repugnant, it opens the door to full-scale reproductive cloning. (catholicleague.org)

A clone is an organism that is a genetic copy of an existing one. (who.int)
… "embryo" means a human organism during the first 56 days of its development following fertilization or creation, excluding any time during which its development has been suspended, and includes any cell derived from such an organism that is used for the purpose of creating a human being. (hinxtongroup.org)

Japan subsequently enacted legislation in late 2000 criminalizing the cloning of human embryos for reproductive purposes. (publicintegrity.org)

The HFEA granted the first licence for therapeutic embryo cloning to Newcastle University on 11th August 2004. (genewatch.org)

Unicellular for those cells that are derived from human organisms are primed to replicate (clone) pre-embryos, which seem to have a high themselves by nature. (who.int)

While conservative senator Orrin Hatch came out in favor of the Senate bill, one liberal woman senator, Democrat Mary Landrieu of Louisiana, has backed the Brownback ban on cloning. (boloji.com)

The hybrid cells carrying four sets of chromosomes (instead of the usual two) behaved as stem cells when injected into mouse embryos. (i-sis.org.uk)
… "human clone" means an embryo that, as a result of the manipulation of human reproductive material or an in vitro embryo, contains a diploid set of chromosomes obtained from a single - living or deceased - human being, fetus, or embryo. (hinxtongroup.org)

But it is perhaps not auspicious to quote him for purposes of the scientific debates on human cloning, because Ramsey agreed with and supported the scientific myth of the "pre-embryo" 47 made famous by Jesuit Richard McCormick and frog embryologist Clifford Grobstein. (lifeissues.net)
The Threat of Human Cloning begins by laying out the scientific and policy background of the cloning debates. (thenewatlantis.com)
The present report gives an overview of the terms and methods used in cloning and summarizes the debates in the General Assembly. (who.int)

This fertilized embryo thus contains the sperm DNA from a male, the ovum DNA from the affected female, and the normal mitochondria (and their genome) from a second female, resulting in an embryo without mitochondrial disease. (msdmanuals.com)

If reliable hair cloning ever does come about to allow for unlimited donor hair, I could see possibly more people having their existing hair thickened. (baldingblog.com)
However, an animal created through this technique would not be a precise genetic copy of the source of its nuclear DNA because each clone derives a small amount of its DNA from the mitochondria of the egg (which lie outside the nucleus) rather than from the donor of cell nucleus. (who.int)
Biologically, the cloned infant is a replica of the donor. (earthtomarrakech.org)

More than 90% of cloning attempts fail to produce viable offspring. (wikiquote.org)
More than 100 nuclear transfer procedures could be required to produce one viable clone. (wikiquote.org)
Given that we have an efficiency of 1% cloning for livestock species and if only one in a thousand cells are viable then around 100,000 cells would need to be transferred. (wikiquote.org)
If hair cloning is a viable option in the future (perhaps in 15-20 years since I know the time line keeps moving every year) would you expect to see a large number of people elect to have a hair transplant for the sole reason of increasing overall hair density? (baldingblog.com)

The embryo that is used to produce stem cells has an arguable moral status. (premiumessays.net)
As such, when a person opts to clone their embryo in order to produce stem cells that can be used for therapeutic purposes that will prolong life, they violate one of these moral principles which entail protecting human life as a duty. (premiumessays.net)
It is also our view that there are no sound reasons for treating the early-stage human embryo or cloned human embryo as anything special, or as having moral status greater than human somatic cells in tissue culture. (wikiquote.org)
Although reasonable people can disagree about the moral status and "personhood" of the embryo, the distinction drawn between therapeutic and reproductive cloning is sophistry. (commonwealmagazine.org)

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Organisms1

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Chemicals and Drugs2

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment8

Phenomena and Processes9

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