Embryos for stem cell scientists derivation of stem cells from cloned human embryos. Medical search. Frequent questions

Results obtained from completed and on-going clinical studies indicate huge therapeutic potential of stem cell-based therapy in the treatment of degenerative, autoimmune and genetic disorders. (nih.gov)
Two commonly discussed types of human cloning are therapeutic cloning and reproductive cloning. (wikipedia.org)
Therapeutic cloning would involve cloning cells from a human for use in medicine and transplants. (wikipedia.org)
Two common methods of therapeutic cloning that are being researched are somatic-cell nuclear transfer and (more recently) pluripotent stem cell induction. (wikipedia.org)
these are the "holy grail" that would be useful for therapeutic or reproductive cloning. (wikipedia.org)
Therapeutic cloning possesses enormous potential for revolutionizing medical and therapeutic techniques. (who.int)
This is therapeutic cloning. (who.int)
Therapeutic cloning possesses enormous potential for revolutionizing medical and thera- peutic techniques. (who.int)
This cell then has therapeutic cloning: the global the capacity to divide and grow into an exact replica of the original from whom the debate somatic cell was taken. (who.int)
Cloning may involve three different categories that include gene cloning, reproductive cloning, and therapeutic cloning. (studybounty.com)
Reproductive cloning involves the creation of whole organisms while therapeutic cloning involves the creation of the embryonic stem cells. (studybounty.com)
2 The multiple therapeutic achievements that have been demonstrated using adult stem cells, and the promise they hold for other diseases, such as neurodegenerative disorders or diabetes, make efforts to support this fruitful avenue of investigation an urgent matter. (lifeissues.net)
Embryonic stem-cell experiments have not yet produced a single unqualified therapeutic success, not even in animal models. (lifeissues.net)
4. The so-called "therapeutic cloning", which would be better called "research cloning" because we are still far from therapeutic applications, has been proposed in order to avert the potential immune rejection of embryonic stem cells derived from a donor other than the host. (lifeissues.net)
Moreover, a non-human primate model of cloning, which would be necessary in order to conduct experiments to establish safety before attempting therapeutic experiments in human beings, has yet to be developed. (lifeissues.net)
5. The health benefits of therapeutic cloning are hypothetical, in as much as the method itself remains mainly a hypothesis. (lifeissues.net)
Indeed, even putting aside fundamental ethical considerations other than the patient's expectations, the present state of "therapeutic cloning" precludes, now and in the near future, any clinical application. (lifeissues.net)
Despite this apparent setback, the field of embryonic stem cell research and therapeutic cloning remains incredibly promising as demonstrated by some of our nation's leading scientists," says Daniel Perry, president of the Coalition for the Advancement of Medical Research. (thenewatlantis.com)
After years of touting so-called "therapeutic cloning" - the idea that stem cells from cloned blastocysts would supply every sick person with his own "biological repair kit" - no one has achieved even the first step toward making this medical dream a reality. (thenewatlantis.com)
Most Americans, and most legislators, probably assume that there are at least established animal models for the use of ESCs from "therapeutic cloning. (thenewatlantis.com)
Some studies published by Advanced Cell Technology and others have been touted as showing benefits from stem cells harvested from cloned animal embryos - but in each case, the study had to achieve its therapeutic goal by implanting the embryo in an animal's uterus and growing it to the fetal stage, then killing the fetus for more developed fetal stem cells. (thenewatlantis.com)
Such "fetus farming" is now apparently seen by some researchers as the new paradigm for human "therapeutic cloning," and some state laws on cloning (e.g. (thenewatlantis.com)
It may be that "therapeutic cloning" cannot be made to work without conducting the "reproductive cloning" that almost everyone condemns - placing embryos in women's wombs, in this case in order to abort them later for their more developed tissues. (thenewatlantis.com)
Along the way we must reduce the emotional valence of phrases such as "therapeutic cloning" and "destruction of embryos. (jci.org)
Therapeutic Candidate or Device Cytomegalovirus (CMV)-specific T cells that express a chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) which targets and eliminates HIV-infected cells Indication Management of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) Therapeutic Mechanism Persons with HIV (PWH) lose immunity because of decreased T lymphocyte function. (ca.gov)
Therapeutic Candidate or Device Allogeneic human retinal progenitor cells (hRPC) Indication Retinitis Pigmentosa (RP) Therapeutic Mechanism The cells are intended to remain suspended in the vitreous cavity of the eye and exert a beneficial neurotrophic effect on the degenerating retina. (ca.gov)
n therapeutic cloning, a patient's cell is combined (fused) to an enucleated donated egg (oocyte) from an unrelated woman or from another animal. (ca.gov)
The United States must change these laws to allow scientists to derive stem cell lines from donated embryos and therapeutic cloning. (ucdavis.edu)
In particular, one goal was to develop a better understanding of the molecular and cellular properties that make stem cells unique, so they might be manipulated rationally for therapeutic purposes. (nih.gov)
Dr. Thomson expressed serious doubt that therapeutic cloning using human oocytes would be used widely in the foreseeable future to produce human embryonic stem cells for transplantation, given the likely inefficiencies of the process and the high costs that would inevitably coincide with patient-specific cell therapy. (nih.gov)

Reproductive cloning would involve making an entire cloned human, instead of just specific cells or tissues. (wikipedia.org)
Cloning technology, however, is perceived as having the potential for reproductive cloning, which raises serious ethical and moral concerns. (who.int)
This is reproductive cloning, and can in theory be applied to any species of mammals, including humans. (who.int)
and may not be used in combination with somatic cell nuclear transfer for the purposes of reproductive cloning of a human. (nih.gov)
Reproductive cloning versus germ cell (egg, ovum). (who.int)
6. Scientists, philosophers, politicians and humanists agree on the need for an international ban on reproductive cloning. (lifeissues.net)
Present address: Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell Research, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Center for Reproductive Sciences, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA. (silverchair.com)

Stem cells are used by scientists to study the growth and differentiation of individual cells into tissues. (congressionalresearch.com)
In recent years, biomedical research has been significantly altered by technologies for the derivation of human cell lines capable of differentiation into any of the cells of the human body. (research-ethics.org)
Research is needed to determine the most viable stem cell lines and reliable ways to promote the differentiation of pluripotent stem cells into specific cell types (neurons, muscle cells, etc. (jci.org)
Pursuing novel differentiation methods and mimicking embryonic development, we were able to generate long-term engrafting hematopoietic stem cells, a finding of great interest in the field, which was published in Cell Stem Cells and accompanied by several press releases. (ncl.ac.uk)
Following Yamanaka's seminar discovery of human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs), our group was one of the first in UK and EU to embrace the technique and to use it successfully for studies of reprogramming, differentiation and disease modelling. (ncl.ac.uk)
Our parallel research programme aims to perfect the differentiation of human pluripotent stem cells to fully laminated retinal structures capable of recapitulating the function of a human retina in vivo . (ncl.ac.uk)
Funded by an ERC Consolidator Award, my group has established an efficient differentiation system to generate optic cup structures which undergo further differentiation to laminated neural retina containing all the retinal cell types. (ncl.ac.uk)
Unlike ESCs, these cells are multipotent, which means they have a more limited differentiation potential, typically restricted to the tissue from which they originate. (falconediting.com)
I will provide examples of the roles of Notch in control of stem/progenitor cell differentiation but also discuss how Notch signaling is important for cellular homeostasis in different organs. (hkstemcell.hk)
RAS cell lineage differentiation into alveolar type 2 cells is regulated by Notch and Wnt signalling. (bvsalud.org)
Critical Roles of Translation Initiation and RNA Uridylation in Endogenous Retroviral Expression and Neural Differentiation in Pluripotent Stem Cells. (kyoto-u.ac.jp)
The complex processes of initiating CELL DIFFERENTIATION in the embryo. (lookformedical.com)

The stem cells possess pluripotential characteristics, and can differentiate into various cells and tissues when nurtured and grown in different culture media. (who.int)
Some have argued that stem cell research should be limited to adult stem cells obtained from tissues such as bone marrow or umbilical cord blood because they believe the derivation of stem cells from embryos is ethically unacceptable. (congressionalresearch.com)
1998). This tool was quickly recognized as an opportunity to better understand normal and pathological human development, to identify and test new pharmacological therapies, and perhaps to even replace diseased tissues or organs. (research-ethics.org)
In the fetus, and even in an adult, stem cells can be found in many body tissues. (research-ethics.org)
The use of telomerase to promote regeneration of human tissues,2 and the new discovery that adult stem cells may be far more versatile than was once thought,3 offer the promise that embryonic stem cells may simply be irrelevant to future medical progress. (usccb.org)
The stem cells suits human needs, does not cause harm and can be obtained from both adult and fetal does not conflict with religious beliefs, it has tissues, umbilical cord and early embryos. (who.int)
It may also involve the practice of growing cloned tissues from the original person. (studybounty.com)
Tissue cloning involves the duplication of tissues from an original template leading to a genetically identical group of specialized cells to carry out a certain biological function in the body. (studybounty.com)
Cloning would also be important in solving problems related to organs and tissues. (studybounty.com)
The unexpected plasticity of adult stem cells has made it possible to use this type of undifferentiated, self-renewing cell successfully for the healing of various human tissues and organs, 1 particularly in hearts damaged after myocardial infarction. (lifeissues.net)
Few subjects in biomedical science have captured the imagination of both the scientific community and the public as has the use of stem cells for the repair of damaged tissues. (jci.org)
The NIH modified the definition to say that human embryonic stem cells "are cells that are derived from the inner cell mass of blastocyst stage human embryos, are capable of dividing without differentiating for a prolonged period in culture, and are known to develop into cells and tissues of the three primary germ layers. (nih.gov)
These cells are called pluripotent stem cells because they can differentiate to form a plurality of cell types that make up all of the tissues of the body. (ucdavis.edu)
Adult stem cells are primer cells that reside in various organs and tissues and can differentiate into the various cell types indigenous to their body part. (ucdavis.edu)
Adult stem cells, also known as somatic or tissue-specific stem cells, exist in various tissues throughout the body, such as bone marrow, skin, and fat. (falconediting.com)
In the case of articles describing human transplantation studies, authors must include a statement declaring that no organs/tissues were obtained from prisoners and must also name the institution(s)/clinic(s)/department(s) via which organs/tissues were obtained. (springeropen.com)

The third approach comprises a variety of proposals for engineering "biological artifacts" possessing some of the developmental capacities of natural embryogenesis (but lacking the organismal character of human embryos) and containing cells from which pluripotent stem cell lines can be derived. (georgetown.edu)
The experience of deriving human embryonic stem cells in 2003, led to a broader interest in the pluripotent stem cell biology, which enabled my team to describe for the first time the difference in transcriptional profile and signalling pathways between human and mouse embryonic stem cells and the intrinsic link between maintenance of pluripotency and cell cycle control. (ncl.ac.uk)
The pluripotent stem cell-specific transcript ESRG is dispensable for human pluripotency. (kyoto-u.ac.jp)
Pluripotent Stem Cell-Based Cell Therapy-Promise and Challenges. (kyoto-u.ac.jp)
Base-Resolution Methylome of Retinal Pigment Epithelial Cells Used in the First Trial of Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell-Based Autologous Transplantation. (kyoto-u.ac.jp)
Generation of a human induced pluripotent stem cell line, BRCi001-A, derived from a patient with mucopolysaccharidosis type I. (kyoto-u.ac.jp)
Laying the Groundwork for a First-In-Human Study of an induced Pluripotent Stem Cell-Based Intervention for Spinal Cord Injury. (kyoto-u.ac.jp)

The embryos were developed only to the blastocyst stage, at which point they were studied in processes that destroyed them. (wikipedia.org)
At the present time, the production of new cell lines involves destruction of preimplantation embryos at the 100-200 cell (blastocyst) stage. (jci.org)
Until now, these cells have been obtainable only from living human embryos [at the 100-to-200-cell (blastocyst) stage of development] by a process that necessarily destroys the embryos and that therefore makes this research ethically controversial. (georgetown.edu)
These stem cells are derived from embryos, typically during the blastocyst stage, which occurs within the first few days after fertilization. (falconediting.com)

Other scientists believe that adult stem cells should not be the sole target of research because of important scientific and technical limitations. (congressionalresearch.com)
Such cells are often called adult or tissue-specific stem cells. (research-ethics.org)
At the December 2 hearing, responding to our proposed list of promising alternatives to embryonic stem cell research, National Institutes of Health director Harold Varmus said that while adult stem cells can be obtained from bone marrow, cord blood and so on, they are of limited use because they cannot form other kinds of tissue such as nerve and skin. (usccb.org)
Robert Briggs and Thomas King made their input into the field of cloning when they used the nuclear transfer technology invented by Spemann to clone frogs from cells of the adult donor. (studybounty.com)
The cloning was done from adult cells in 1997. (studybounty.com)
However, the Holy See applauds and encourages research using adult stem cells, because it is completely compatible with respect for the dignity of human beings. (lifeissues.net)
Above all, it is universally agreed that the use of adult stem cells does not entail any ethical problems. (lifeissues.net)
Human embryonic stem cells offer the promise of a new regenerative medicine in which damaged adult cells can be replaced with new cells. (jci.org)
Also, the Guidelines discuss applicable regulatory standards when research involving human adult stem cells or induced pluripotent stem cells constitutes human subject research. (nih.gov)
Although some adult stem cells can transdifferentiate, they are generally limited to changing into the types of cells present in their host organ or tissue. (ucdavis.edu)
To promote interactions and discussions between researchers studying embryonic and adult mammalian stem cells and basic researchers working in other areas such as chromatin, gene expression, cell cycle, cell signaling, and development, the National Institute of General Medical Sciences (NIGMS) hosted a workshop on the basic biology of mammalian stem cells on June 9-10, 2002 at the Pooks Hill Marriott in Bethesda, Maryland. (nih.gov)
The embryonic aorta is now recognized as a site that produces adult-type hematopoietic stem cells. (silverchair.com)

The term is generally used to refer to artificial human cloning, which is the reproduction of human cells and tissue. (wikipedia.org)
for example a stem cell encoding for skin tissue will eventually develop into skin tissue, a stem cell encoding for heart tissue will eventually develop into heart tissue and so on. (who.int)
One of the greatest controversies triggered tissue, a stem cell encoding for heart tissue by the rapid pace of evolution in biology, will eventually develop into heart tissue particularly in genomics and biotechnology, and so on. (who.int)
Cloning involves the process of creating an exact genetic copy that replicates another cell, tissue or organism. (studybounty.com)
Plants are cloned artificially through a process called tissue culture. (studybounty.com)
Tissue cloning can also be done in plants through the same process of cutting as illustrated in plant cloning. (studybounty.com)
Others see stem cells as a limitless source of transplantable tissue that could repair damage wrought by such chronic diseases as Parkinson's and diabetes. (nih.gov)
Fletcher proposed that the commission focus on the ethical issues involved in using tetal tissue and excess embryos as stem cell resources, arguing that the "scientific background" for reviewing other sources--i.e. embryos created for research or via somatic cell] nuclear transfer--is "too meager at this point to inform a thorough review. (nih.gov)
Yet the company announced its research as "the first proof that reprogrammed human cells can supply tissue for transplantation. (thenewatlantis.com)
Embryonic stem cells are usually derived from the undifferentiated cells of a five-day-old embryo that go on to form all the tissue types of the developing fetus. (ucdavis.edu)
These resident stem cells are important for purposes of repair and replenishment and come into play when tissue damage occurs. (ucdavis.edu)

After being cultured, some of these stem cells may have a tendency to come back together and develop as an early embryo.4 Whether the formation of early embryos takes place in such a stem cell culture, and whether it can be prevented, is a scientific question. (usccb.org)

We describe ethical challenges regarding human embryonic stem cell (hESC) research, emphasizing that ethical dilemma involving the destruction of a human embryo is a major factor that may have limited the development of hESC-based clinical therapies. (nih.gov)
While most hESC scientists view the human embryo as human cells with great biological and scientific potential, there are many members of our society who hold religious beliefs that define the human embryo as equivalent to a human life. (research-ethics.org)
Many in the international scientific community believe that the promise of stem cell-based studies or therapies will be realized only if we can derive new human embryonic stem cell (hESC) lines. (jci.org)
The Executive Order states that the Secretary of Health and Human Services, through the Director of NIH, may support and conduct responsible, scientifically worthy human stem cell research, including human embryonic stem cell (hESC) research, to the extent permitted by law. (nih.gov)
Furthermore, other cell lines derived from a restricted hESC line are subject to the same restriction. (nih.gov)

Four embryonic stem cell lines from human fetal somatic cells were derived from those blastocysts. (wikipedia.org)
To create new cell lines, it is necessary to destroy preimplantation blastocysts. (jci.org)
Should blastocysts be protected under the same laws that govern research on human subjects? (jci.org)
IRP researchers must not introduce hESCs (even if derived from embryos donated in accordance with these Guidelines) or human induced pluripotent stem cells into non-human primate blastocysts. (nih.gov)

In this review, we provide an overview of the most important ethical issues in stem cell therapy, as a contribution to the controversial debate about their clinical usage in regenerative and transplantation medicine. (nih.gov)
I am a member of the Biosciences Institute and my work contributes to the Regenerative Medicine, Stem Cells and Transplantation research Theme. (ncl.ac.uk)

Human cloning is the creation of a genetically identical copy of a human. (wikipedia.org)
Human cloning involves the creation of a genetically similar copy of an existing or dead human being. (studybounty.com)

Several sources of pluripotent stem cells have now been identified. (research-ethics.org)

Cloning in higher species involves somatic cell nuclear transfer, a process in which the nucleus of a somatic (non-germ) cell is taken out and inserted into an enucleated fertilized female germ cell (egg, ovum). (who.int)

First, as I noted on December 2, there is some uncertainty about the status of the cells that Dr. Gearhart of Johns Hopkins University has cultured from fetal germ cells after abortions. (usccb.org)

In the realm of regenerative medicine, stem cells offer hope for individuals suffering from debilitating conditions. (falconediting.com)
As scientists continue to unravel the complexities of stem cells and navigate ethical considerations, the future of regenerative medicine shines brightly, offering new possibilities for improving human health and well-being. (falconediting.com)
Trounson A, DeWitt N, Feigal EG (2011) A New Model Needed for the Delivery of Stem Cell Therapies in Translation for Regenerative Medicine - The Alpha Stem Cell Clinic. (ca.gov)

Dr. Thomson stressed that significant differences exist between embryonic stem cells derived from mice and humans, cautioning that the use of murine embryonic stem cell models may be misleading in understanding the earliest events in human embryonic development and urging the need for continued study using non-human primate model systems. (nih.gov)

In 2011, scientists at the New York Stem Cell Foundation announced that they had succeeded in generating embryonic stem cell lines, but their process involved leaving the oocyte's nucleus in place, resulting in triploid cells, which would not be useful for cloning. (wikipedia.org)

1 University of Kragujevac, Serbia, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Center for Molecular Medicine and Stem Cell Research. (nih.gov)
The research is controversial, in the opinion of some, because the stem cells are located within the embryo and the process of removing them destroys the embryo. (congressionalresearch.com)
Due to the controversy, federal policy has limited federal funding for research on embryonic stem cells. (congressionalresearch.com)
In response, many states are moving forward with their own initiatives to encourage or provide funding for stem cell research in order to remain competitive and prevent the relocation of scientists and biotechnology firms to other states or overseas. (congressionalresearch.com)
Despite its promise, only a relatively small amount of federal funding has been used to support embryonic stem cell research. (congressionalresearch.com)
Many abortion opponents and others opposed to embryonic stem cell research believe that cloning creates a human life, even though it may consist of only one or a few hundred cells, and that the destruction of a cloned embryo to extract stem cells is also ethically unacceptable. (congressionalresearch.com)
Federal funding for embryonic stem cell research is limited by two factors. (congressionalresearch.com)
It prohibits using federal funds for the creation of human embryos for research purposes or for research in which human embryos are destroyed. (congressionalresearch.com)
2001 Bush Administration stem cell policy for the first time allowed federal funds to be used for research on human embryonic stem cells, the Bush policy also limited federal research to only the 22 stem cell lines that were in existence in August 2001. (congressionalresearch.com)
For a variety of reasons, many believe that research advancement requires the development of new embryonic stem cell lines, and for certain applications, stem cells derived from cloned embryos may offer the best hope for understanding and treating disease. (congressionalresearch.com)
This registry lists the cell lines that may be used in NIH-supported research. (nih.gov)
On December 7, 30 days after the posting of the Registry, and withdrawal of the old ES cell guidance ( NIH Guidelines for Research Using Pluripotent Stem Cells as Applied to Human ES Cells ), scientists may transfer government funds to obtain the cells, bring them into NIH labs, and begin research on them. (nih.gov)
2. Scientific Directors must report all ES cell acquisitions to the Office of Intramural Research by forwarding a copy of the approved memos of acquisition to the DDIR (Bldg. 1, Rm.114, NIH, 20892-0001). (nih.gov)
4. Every report of research on the cells, including your ZO1 annual report and all publications, must include the unique identifier for the cells used. (nih.gov)
In vitro research using cell lines that are already derived and established, and for which the identity of the donors cannot be determined, does not require IRB review and approval. (nih.gov)
Research using cell lines that are identifiable with a donor, including cells that retain links to coded information that would allow identification of donors, is generally considered human subjects research. (nih.gov)
Having made a considered decision to use human stem cells, no use of those cells for the purposes of research, teaching, or testing should commence that is not explicitly part of an approved protocol or specifically waived under relevant regulations. (research-ethics.org)
If you are responsible for training others or if you observe indifference to considerations for responsible stem cell research, you should make attempts to initiate discussion, to identify relevant regulations, and to promote responsibility. (research-ethics.org)
However, because a necessary first step was to use and destroy human embryos such research raised serious questions for some members of the public, as well as some scientists. (research-ethics.org)
For many years now, under the Dickey amendment (1995), the U.S. Congress has agreed to federal restrictions on any research that would require harm or destruction of the human embryo. (research-ethics.org)
This restriction was partially lifted in 2001 by President Bush s announcement that research with stem cell lines existing as of August 9, 2001 could be eligible for federal funding. (research-ethics.org)
I am grateful for the opportunity to present the Catholic bishops' concerns about efforts to justify the use of cells from deliberately destroyed human embryos in federally funded research. (usccb.org)
Even at that time, one of the advances cited by supporters as a future benefit of embryo research -- the ability to grow new blood vessels in the heart -- was already in clinical use in human patients with no need for embryonic cells.1 In the six weeks that have elapsed since then, however, two startling scientific breakthroughs have made it even more clear that destructive embryo research is unnecessary. (usccb.org)
In its effort to find that federal funding of embryonic stem cell research is consistent with congressional intent, HHS has overlooked some obvious facts, and created its own arbitrary definition of a human embryo that has no basis in biology or federal law. (usccb.org)
HHS claims that current law on embryo research does not cover embryonic stem cell research, because the law protects only the embryo, which is an "organism" -- and a stem cell obtained by destroying an embryo is not an "organism. (usccb.org)
It demands a scientific answer, before federal funds are spent on the research -- because these funds by law cannot be used, even inadvertently, to create embryos which briefly develop and then die in culture. (usccb.org)
This paper outlines the debates prompted through a reproduction mechanism involv- by progress in cloning research, with special ing male and female germ cells. (who.int)
With the bringing up of entirely different people, and with minimal research, there could be the introduction of potentially dangerous diseases into the human race. (studybounty.com)
This respect demands that any research that is inconsistent with the dignity of the human being is morally excluded. (lifeissues.net)
The Holy See opposes the cloning of human embryos for the purpose of destroying them in order to harvest their stem cells, even for a noble purpose, because it is inconsistent with the ground and motive of human biomedical research, that is, respect for the dignity of human beings. (lifeissues.net)
3. By contrast, research using human embryonic stem cells has been hampered by important technical difficulties. (lifeissues.net)
However, recent discoveries about the potential curative powers of stem cells has, in the eyes of many--including members of the NBAC--changed the moral landscape of embryo research and provided strong ethical reasons for a substantial change in the law. (nih.gov)
see Washington Fax 1/20/99) Health and Human Services Secretary Donna Shalala recently dispatched a letter to one of the authors of the embryo research ban defending NIH's legal authority to fund stem cell experiments. (nih.gov)
Some commission members, despite their support for stem cell research, also were critical of the NIH decision. (nih.gov)
President Clinton asked the NBAC late last year to consider the ethics of stem cell research after scientific breakthroughs in isolating them from fetuses and embryos sparked enormous excitement about the potential of stem cells as research tools and as the source of powerful new therapies for a host of conditions. (nih.gov)
Most commissioners agreed that there is no need (at least not yet) for the government to fund the creation of embryos solely for research purposes, whether it involves in vitro fertilization or the more controversial somatic cell nuclear transfer (which is commonly associated with cloning but could have the potential to provide genetically compatible stem cells). (nih.gov)
T he first obvious conclusion, as noted by the Washington Post , is that "the highly touted field of embryonic stem cell research is years behind where scientists thought it was. (thenewatlantis.com)
But in this case, Dr. Hwang's studies were the field of allegedly successful human cloning for research purposes. (thenewatlantis.com)
This has led to an intense debate that threatens to limit embryonic stem cell research. (jci.org)
A stem cell is defined by two properties (see A stem cell research lexicon ). (jci.org)
Notwithstanding our sometimes sharp individual ethical differences, we have recognized that all parties to the debates about embryo research have something vital to defend, and not only for themselves but for all of us. (georgetown.edu)
For these reasons, we must be receptive to any creative scientific or technical suggestions that might enable scientists to proceed with their research in ways that would not raise ethical questions or violate the ethical principles of many Americans. (georgetown.edu)
Accordingly, in an effort to find ethically uncontroversial ways to advance human embryonic stem cell research, the Council has recently been looking into specific proposals for obtaining pluripotent, genetically stable, and long-lived human stem cells by methods that would meet the moral standard of not destroying or endangering human embryos in the process. (georgetown.edu)
Should stem cells obtainable by one or another of these methods turn out to have exactly the same properties and capacities as embryonic stem cells (ESCs), their value for scientific research should be no different from that of standard ESCs. (georgetown.edu)
The National Institutes of Health (NIH) is hereby publishing final "National Institutes of Health Guidelines for Human Stem Cell Research" (Guidelines). (nih.gov)
Removing Barriers to Responsible Scientific Research Involving Human Stem Cells. (nih.gov)
These Guidelines implement Executive Order 13505, as it pertains to extramural NIH-funded stem cell research, establish policy and procedures under which the NIH will fund such research, and helps ensure that NIH-funded research in this area is ethically responsible, scientifically worthy, and conducted in accordance with applicable law. (nih.gov)
Internal NIH policies and procedures, consistent with Executive Order 13505 and these Guidelines, will govern the conduct of intramural NIH stem cell research. (nih.gov)
Respondents felt the title of the NIH draft guidelines was misleading, in that it is entitled "National Institutes of Health Guidelines for Human Stem Cell Research," yet addresses only one type of human stem cell. (nih.gov)
Others noted that because the stem cells eligible for use in research using NIH funding under the draft Guidelines are those cells that are subject to existing patents, there will be insufficient competition in the licensing of such rights. (nih.gov)
The Guidelines do not address the distribution of stem cell research material. (nih.gov)
It is, however, the NIH's expectation that stem cell research materials developed with NIH funds, as well as associated intellectual property and data, will be distributed in accordance with the NIH's existing policies and guidance, including "Sharing Biomedical Research Resources, Principles and Guidelines for Recipients of NIH Grants and Contracts" and "Best Practices for the Licensing of Genomic Inventions. (nih.gov)
http://www.ott.nih.gov/policy/policies_and_guidelines.aspx Even where such policies are not directly applicable, the NIH encourages others to refrain from imposing on the transfer of research tools, such as stem cells, any conditions that hinder further biomedical research. (nih.gov)
The primary approach in our research group is to use pluripotent stem cells to mimic human development using in vitro model systems. (ncl.ac.uk)
Human embryonic stem cell research has been touted as both the hero and monster of the next age in medical science. (ucdavis.edu)
Although worries over the treatment of human embryos are legitimate, a close examination of the practices associated with stem cell research shows that its use of human embryonic cells does not disrespect human life. (ucdavis.edu)
Current laws virtually preclude scientists from obtaining the stem cells they need to conduct research. (ucdavis.edu)
Stem cells have other characteristics besides their unspecialized nature that are important for research. (ucdavis.edu)
This limits their usefulness in research and may not even give researchers the six months necessary to establish a cell line. (ucdavis.edu)
Stem cell research has emerged as a groundbreaking field with immense potential to revolutionize medicine, offering hope for treating a wide array of diseases and injuries. (falconediting.com)
This article delves into the world of stem cell research, exploring its potential, controversies, and the delicate balance between scientific advancement and ethical considerations. (falconediting.com)
Spinal cord injuries, which often lead to permanent paralysis, represent another area where stem cell research holds immense promise. (falconediting.com)
Diabetes, a chronic disease affecting millions worldwide, may also benefit from stem cell research. (falconediting.com)
Heart disease, one of the leading causes of death globally, could see revolutionary treatments emerge from stem cell research. (falconediting.com)
It's essential to recognize that while the promise of stem cell research is vast, it is not without challenges and ethical considerations. (falconediting.com)
Stem cell research represents a beacon of hope in the field of medicine. (falconediting.com)
Understanding the different types of stem cells is crucial in navigating the complex landscape of stem cell research. (falconediting.com)
However, the source of ESCs-human embryos-has sparked intense ethical debates regarding the moral status of embryos and the permissibility of their destruction for research. (falconediting.com)
Research involving human participants, human material, or human data, must have been performed in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki and must have been approved by an appropriate ethics committee. (springeropen.com)
For all research involving human participants, informed consent to participate in the study should be obtained from participants (or their parent or legal guardian in the case of children under 16) and a statement to this effect should appear in the manuscript. (springeropen.com)
In hosting the workshop, NIGMS aimed to learn how best to stimulate research that will advance the basic biology of mammalian stem cells, a field with the potential for rapid growth following the recent successful isolation of human embryonic stem cells and human embryonic germ cells in 1998 and the establishment of policies governing the use of human embryonic stem cells in Federally funded research. (nih.gov)
At this junction in time, NIH realized the importance of looking beyond merely listing the availability of the stem cell lines to encouraging the conduct of research that will help unite the fields of basic molecular and cell biological research with more biomedically applied stem cell biological pursuits. (nih.gov)
The workshop began with keynote speaker Dr. James Thomson, who gave an overview of the stem cell research field. (nih.gov)
Experimental Cell Research 352: 304-312. (hkstemcell.hk)
Lomax, G.P. (2010) Stem Cell Research: A Platform for Science-Policy Innovation. (ca.gov)
Lomax, G.P. (2010) Rejuvenated Federalism: State-Based Stem Cell Research Policy. (ca.gov)
Derivation of hESCs from human embryos is prohibited by the annual appropriations restriction on funding of human embryo research, also known as the Dickey-Wicker Amendment. (nih.gov)
All hESCs that have been reviewed and deemed eligible by NIH in accordance with the NIH Guideline for Human Stem Cell Research are posted on the NIH Human Stem Cell Registry . (nih.gov)
Provider Restrictions include things such as experiments that are prohibited with the cell line, or requirements that proposed research be approved by an ESCRO or other type of ethical review committee. (nih.gov)
1 Program in Developmental and Stem Cell Biology, Hospital for Sick Children Research Institute, 555 University Avenue, Toronto, ON M5G 1X8, Canada. (silverchair.com)
Konnichiwa: Japanese scientists and their struggle to speak English: More research careers in Japan need less English. (kyoto-u.ac.jp)

However, in vitro,purified endothelial cells acquire smooth muscle cells characteristics. (silverchair.com)

The best known of these sources is bone marrow, in which stem cells are produced that are capable of differentiating into different types of blood ells. (research-ethics.org)
As the largest provider of bone marrow cell transplants in California, and the second largest in the nation, our institution has great expertise and an excellent record of safety in the delivery of stem cell treatments. (ca.gov)

Nobel Prize-winning geneticist Joshua Lederberg advocated cloning and genetic engineering in an article in The American Naturalist in 1966 and again, the following year, in The Washington Post. (wikipedia.org)
The end product is a copied material that exhibits similar genetic makeup as the original, and it is referred to as a clone (Brown, 2016). (studybounty.com)
The transfer of such cloned embryonic stem cells into a patient would be therefore extremely hazardous: these cells might provoke genetic disorders, or initiate leukemias or other cancers. (lifeissues.net)
This asexual form of reproduction would bypass the usual "shuffling" of genes that makes every individual unique in his or her genome and would arbitrarily fix the genotype in one particular configuration, 12 with predictable negative genetic consequences for the human gene pool. (lifeissues.net)
This cell contains a different set of genetic instructions (resulting in an alternative pattern of gene expression) and is characterized by a reduced proliferative capacity and more restricted developmental potential than its parent. (jci.org)
This process consists of transferring the nucleus of a differentiated cell, with its full complement of genetic information, to an egg that has previously had its nucleus removed. (ucdavis.edu)

With the cloning of a sheep known as Dolly in 1996 by somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT), the idea of human cloning became a hot debate topic. (wikipedia.org)
That is how the first cloned sheep, named "Dolly", was created [3]. (who.int)
One of these sources is based on the technology used to clone Dolly the sheep (Campbell et al. (research-ethics.org)
The hallmark of cloning was highlighted when Ian Wilmut cloned the first mammal in the name of Dolly, the sheep. (studybounty.com)

He argued that the commission, by recommending that federally funded scientists be allowed to extract stem cells from donated excess embryos, would be offering a public interested in the potential benefits a "morally acceptable" way to take advantage of stem cells. (nih.gov)

In his speech on "Biological Possibilities for the Human Species of the Next Ten Thousand Years" at the Ciba Foundation Symposium on Man and his Future in 1963, he said: It is extremely hopeful that some human cell lines can be grown on a medium of precisely known chemical composition. (wikipedia.org)
From a biological standpoint, bringing cloned human embryos to birth would be dangerous for the human species. (lifeissues.net)
Biological variability is an important factor in defining human responses to chemical exposures and variability-of various etiologies-can contribute to whether an individual is susceptible or resistant to an adverse outcome. (nih.gov)
2 State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 320 Yue Yang Road, Shanghai 200031, China. (silverchair.com)

Cloned embryos are created through a process called somatic cell 3 nuclear transfer (SCNT). (congressionalresearch.com)
The first step to cloning these animals is a technique called Somatic Cell Nuclear Transfer (SCNT). (research-ethics.org)
In 1902, Hans Spemann conducted the nuclear transfer by splitting the cells of a salamander embryo into distinct cells using a strand of hair from his son's head. (studybounty.com)
It has been well established that most of the non-human embryos produced through nuclear transfer cloning are abnormal, with a deficiency in several of the genes (imprinted and non imprinted) necessary to the development of the early embryo. (lifeissues.net)
Pluripotent stem cells may also be derived from somatic cell nuclear transfer (cloning). (ucdavis.edu)

The question now is not whether stem cell lines were created before a particular date, but whether or not those lines meet criteria that have been defined for ethically derived stem cell lines (NIH, 2009). (research-ethics.org)

The have been applied to both the plant and ani- stem cells possess pluripotential charac- mal kingdoms without even stirring a ripple teristics, and can differentiate into various of concern in international conscience [ 2 ]. (who.int)

Human embryonic stem cells hold great interest because of their pluripotency-their capacity to give rise to the various specialized cells of the body-and because of their longevity-their ability to be propagated for many generations in laboratory culture without losing their pluripotency. (georgetown.edu)
or (4) by dedifferentiation of somatic cells back to pluripotency. (georgetown.edu)
In each of these four cases, the scientific standard by which success should be measured is only the desired functional capacity of the cells derived-stable pluripotency-and not their origin (embryos, adults, or artificial embryo-like clusters of cells). (georgetown.edu)
Unlike specialized cells, which have limited functions, stem cells possess pluripotency or multipotency, meaning they can become a wide array of cell types. (falconediting.com)

Dr. Hwang Woo Suk and his colleagues, the only researchers in the world to convince the scientific community that they had cloned human embryos and derived embryonic stem cells (ESCs) from them, are now seen as having perpetrated a massive deception. (thenewatlantis.com)
ESCs are pluripotent, meaning they can differentiate into any cell type in the body. (falconediting.com)

One of the greatest controversies triggered by the rapid pace of evolution in biology, particularly in genomics and biotechnology, has been the technique of cloning. (who.int)
Many scientists viewed this as a potentially revolutionary approach to studying human biology. (research-ethics.org)
Thus, the Holy See earnestly encourages investigations that are being carried out in the fields of medicine and biology, with the goal of curing diseases and of improving the quality of life of all, provided that they are respectful of the dignity of the human being. (lifeissues.net)
To engage in this debate, it is important to have an overview of stem cell biology. (jci.org)
Another goal was to explore the notion of employing stem cells as a model system for addressing fundamental problems in biology. (nih.gov)
Nature Cell Biology, 21(6): 687-699. (hkstemcell.hk)

So long as this form of cloning (non-human) suits human needs, does not cause harm and does not conflict with religious beliefs, it has been considered acceptable. (who.int)
Both the spirit of the regulations and good science require that individuals give thoughtful consideration to what defines an acceptable use of stem cells. (research-ethics.org)
I said then that the goals some wish to serve by killing human embryos for their stem cells can be achieved in other, morally acceptable ways. (usccb.org)

Recent studies in the derivation of rodent pluripotent epiblast stem cells and their molecular characterizations have provided strong evidence that the conventional human embryonic stem cells may represent a distinct, later developmental stage, i.e. late epiblast stage, than the conventional murine embryonic stem cells, which is a "capture" of the ICM stage. (ca.gov)
The cells retain an organizational ability to segregate into the three developmental compartments--endoderm, mesoderm, and ectoderm. (nih.gov)

Agricultural cloning is the production of plant clones through asexual reproduction. (studybounty.com)

Gene cloning involves the creation of gene copies or the segments of DNA. (studybounty.com)
Cell cloning involves the derivation of a population of cells from a single stem cell. (studybounty.com)
The cloning process involves a simple way of cutting away a branch from the plant. (studybounty.com)
Cloning, especially that which involves human beings would bring a sense of divide between the real human beings and the cloned ones. (studybounty.com)

HHS even cites my December 2 testimony for the proposition that a stem cell is not an organism -- but the authors overlook other parts of my testimony. (usccb.org)
In other words, a stem cell is not an organism -- but the possibility must be explored that groups of stem cells may recongregate to form an entity that is, however briefly, a living organism. (usccb.org)
The development of anatomical structures to create the form of a single- or multi-cell organism. (lookformedical.com)

Finally, cloning would also enable the formation of designer babies as parents would be able to theoretically choose the traits they wish their babies to possess ( Simpson & Edwards, 2014). (studybounty.com)
see Washington Fax 11/25/98) For example, some scientists believe stem cells, which possess the potential to become almost any cell in the body, could be used to quickly screen drugs for toxicity and efficacy. (nih.gov)

8 Technical problems aside, the need to extract these cells from living human embryos raises ethical questions of the highest order. (lifeissues.net)

Eventually a stem cell becomes known as a "progenitor" or "precursor" cell, committed to producing one or a few terminally differentiated cells such as neurons or muscle cells. (jci.org)
2017) Haematopoietic Stem and Progenitor Cells from Human Pluripotent Stem Cells. (hkstemcell.hk)
2018) Defining murine organogenesis at single-cell resolution reveals a role for the leukotriene pathway in regulating blood progenitor formation. (hkstemcell.hk)
Yu Y, Tsang JC, Wang C… Dougan G, Liu P. (2016) Single-cell RNA-seq identifies a PD-1hi ILC progenitor and defines its development pathway. (hkstemcell.hk)

The outer of the three germ layers of an embryo. (lookformedical.com)

Hence, the stem cells are multipotent because they can transform into multiple cell types, but are limited because they are more specialized than embryonic stem cells. (ucdavis.edu)
Haematopoietic stem cells or multipotent progenitors (HSC/MPPs) accumulated a mean of 17 mutations per year after birth and lost 30 base pairs per year of telomere length. (bvsalud.org)

However, clinical application of stem cells raises numerous ethical and safety concerns. (nih.gov)
These cells have important, but restricted, clinical applications distinct from the wider range of possibilities with human embryonic stem cells (Wood, 2005). (research-ethics.org)
Unless these grave hazards are removed, embryonic stem-cell experiments would not have any clinical application. (lifeissues.net)
A cornerstone of our work has been the clinical implementation of stem cell therapy in patients with total and severe limbal stem cell deficiency. (ncl.ac.uk)
A clinical-grade HLA haplobank of human induced pluripotent stem cells matching approximately 40% of the Japanese population. (kyoto-u.ac.jp)
being months that are from the download Dienstleistungsunternehmen im Wettbewerb: Marktdynamik, decline Choral restenosis problems for panel space, result, and leadership through Su-27 topics with options of atom, windows of part, competitor explosions, available dollars and Strikes, cells, clinical drawing disciplines, and assuming maneuvers. (1a-hotel.com)

a nucleus was taken from a man's leg cell and inserted into a cow's egg from which the nucleus had been removed, and the hybrid cell was cultured and developed into an embryo. (wikipedia.org)
In this case, each embryo was created by taking a nucleus from a skin cell (donated by Wood and a colleague) and inserting it into a human egg from which the nucleus had been removed. (wikipedia.org)
When the nucleus of a stem cell is removed and replaced by a nucleus of another cell type, the stem cell will then be reprogrammed to produce the product of the implanted nucleus, when it fully develops. (who.int)
In SCNT, the nucleus of an egg is removed and replaced by the nucleus from a mature body cell, such as a skin cell, obtained from a patient. (congressionalresearch.com)
When the nucleus of a stem cell has been the technique of cloning. (who.int)
The con- is removed and replaced by a nucleus of cept of human cloning has long been in the another cell type, the stem cell will then imagination of many scientists, scholars and be reprogrammed to produce the product fiction writers [ 1 ]. (who.int)
The basic techniques of of the implanted nucleus, when it fully cloning have been known for some time, and develops. (who.int)
It is hoped that cellular factors in the egg cytoplasm will reprogram the patient's cell nucleus making it capable of generating replacement cells for the patient's body. (ca.gov)

This paper provides an introduction for environmental health scientists to emerging population-based rodent resources. (nih.gov)

Such a decision would require a change in a federal law that forbids federal funding for experiments with human embryos regardless of their source. (nih.gov)
Signs that a policy position is emerging from NBAC come as the National Institutes of Health (NIH) is being battered by congressional critics for its assertion that it is legal to fund experiments with stem cells derived from embryos, as long as the extraction is done without taxpayer money. (nih.gov)
In vivo lineage tracing experiments with non-replicative retroviral vectors showed that endothelial cells do not give rise to smooth muscle cells. (silverchair.com)

The middle germ layer of an embryo derived from three paired mesenchymal aggregates along the neural tube. (lookformedical.com)

On November 7, 2001, NIH posted the Human Embryonic Stem Cell Registry, a list of human embryonic stem cell lines at varying stages of characterization that meet the President's eligibility criteria. (nih.gov)

In this experiment, the researchers developed a protocol for using SCNT in human cells, which differs slightly from the one used in other organisms. (wikipedia.org)
Unicellular organisms are primed to replicate (clone) themselves by nature. (who.int)
Multi-cellular organisms and higher species replicate naturally through a reproduction mechanism involving male and female germ cells. (who.int)
Unicellular for those cells that are derived from human organisms are primed to replicate (clone) pre-embryos, which seem to have a high themselves by nature. (who.int)

By this view, any harm or destruction of the human embryo is tantamount to harm or destruction of a human life. (research-ethics.org)

Anatomy60

Organisms13

Diseases10

Chemicals and Drugs41

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment63

Psychiatry and Psychology2

Phenomena and Processes55

Disciplines and Occupations11

Technology, Industry, Agriculture1

Humanities9

Information Science4

Named Groups1

Health Care2

Therapeutic30

Reproductive7

Differentiation12

Tissues16

Pluripotent stem7

Blastocyst stage4

Adult12

Tissue11

Early embryos1

HESC5

Blastocysts4

Transplantation2

Creation of a genetically2

Sources of pluripotent stem1

Higher species involves somatic1

Fetal1

Regenerative medicine3

Embryonic stem cells de1

Succeeded in generatin1

Research81

Vitro1

Bone marrow2

Genetic6

Dolly4

Federally1

Biological4

Nuclear5

Ethically1

Pluripotential1

Pluripotency4

ESCs2

Biology6

Acceptable3

Developmental2

Asexual1

Involves4

Organism3

Possess2

Extract1

Progenitor4

Germ layers1

Multipotent2

Clinical6

Nucleus8

Rodent1

Experiments3

Mesenchymal1

Characterization1

Organisms4

Destruction of a human1