Embryos by cloning mammal clone cells. Medical search. Frequent questions

Father Tad Pacholczyk is convinced that embryonic stem cells will someday cure diseases. (archstl.org)
However, following the successful derivation of human embryonic stem cells in 1998, the debate over human cloning largely shifted to the question of whether it is acceptable for scientists to create human embryos only to destroy them. (thenewatlantis.com)
At present, this is only possible with mice, using so-called embryonic stem cells. (newscientist.com)
The new technique means they will not need embryonic stem cells. (newscientist.com)
Scientists want to make cloned human embryos to get embryonic stem cells, which live inside early embryos and have the potential to cure a wide array of diseases. (irfi.org)
But that's far enough to produce embryonic stem cells that can be harvested for research and medicine - without the ethical quandaries presented by taking stem cells from human embryos discarded in IVF. (chemistryworld.com)

In 2001, scientists at Texas A&M University created the first cloned cat, CC (CopyCat). (wikipedia.org)
In May 2010, Got became the first cloned Spanish Fighting Bull, cloned by Spanish scientists. (wikipedia.org)
In July 2016 scientists at the National University Toribio Rodríguez de Mendoza in Chachapoyas, Peru cloned a Jersey cattle by handmade cloning method using cells of an ear of a cow. (wikipedia.org)
In the second half of the twentieth century, scientists learned how to clone organisms in some species of mammals. (asu.edu)
Scientists have applied somatic cell nuclear transfer to clone human and mammalian embryos as a means to produce stem cells for laboratory and medical use. (asu.edu)
But cloning research continued, and American scientists announced in 2013 that they had for the first time successfully obtained stem cells from cloned human embryos. (thenewatlantis.com)
Dolly's creation triggered fears of human reproductive cloning, or producing genetic copies of living or dead people, but mainstream scientists have ruled this out as far too dangerous. (cyprus-mail.com)
English embryologist who in 1996 supervised the team of scientists that produced a lamb named Dolly, the first mammal cloned from a cell from an adult. (todayinsci.com)
Mice Used as Sperm Factories for Pigs, Goats - Hillary Mayell, for National Geographic News August 14, 2002″For the first time scientists have been able to produce viable sperm from the tissue of sexually immature mammals-and at the same time produce sperm of one species in the body of another species. (exposingsatanism.org)
That month, scientists reported the first successful attempt to reproduce a large, adult mammal through cloning. (exposingsatanism.org)
As mentioned earlier, scientists were able to clone an extinct animal, the Pyrenean ibex. (nyln.org)
In 1998, scientists in South Korea claimed to have successfully cloned a human embryo, but said the experiment was interrupted very early when the clone was just a group of four cells. (pooginook.com)
It's been 20 years since scientists in Scotland told the world about Dolly the sheep , the first mammal successfully cloned from an adult body cell. (wptv.com)
Dolly was an important milestone, inspiring scientists to continue improving cloning technology as well as to pursue new concepts in stem cell research. (wptv.com)
But scientists have not managed to isolate such cells from farm animals, and must rely instead on injecting genes randomly into early embryos. (newscientist.com)
Scientists were initially interested in somatic-cell nuclear transfer as a means of determining whether genes remain functional even after most of them have been switched off as the cells in a developing organism assume their specialized functions as blood cells, muscle cells, and so forth. (who.int)
In the middle of the year 2001 a group of scientists said cloning humans might be easier than cloning animals. (irfi.org)
Many scientists were dismayed and scientists involved in animal cloning warned of the many practical problems in cloning. (irfi.org)
Scientists at Duke University Medical Center in North Carolina say the reason of all these problems may be one specific gene, which is responsible for controlling the way in which cells grow. (irfi.org)
The new work by scientists in Pittsburgh provides an explanation for why hundreds of attempts to clone monkeys have all failed despite successes in several other mammals. (irfi.org)
In the light of this information, Congress could settle for less stringent restrictions on embryo cloning studies, which scientists favor. (irfi.org)
The newly discovered obstacle makes it more likely than ever that rogue scientists' recent claims to have created cloned babies were fraud. (irfi.org)
This was how Chinese scientists in Shanghai recently managed to clone macaque monkeys 3 - the first cloning of primates. (chemistryworld.com)
Dolly, a Finn Dorset sheep, was introduced to the public in 1997 after scientists at the Roslin Institute at the University of Edinburgh in Scotland implanted the cell nucleus from a sheep into an egg that was subsequently fertilized to create a clone. (pewresearch.org)
1 No one has ever cloned a human being , though scientists have cloned animals other than Dolly , including dogs, pigs, cows, horses and cats. (pewresearch.org)
How scientists created the first clone of an adult mammal. (retroreport.org)
In February 1997 the cloning of a sheep sent shock waves around the globe and triggered fears of overreach by scientists. (retroreport.org)
Should scientists seek to clone our ancient hominid cousins? (nationalgeographic.com)
Since the 1996 birth of Dolly the sheep, the world's first cloned mammal, scientists have greatly expanded and improved on cloning techniques. (nationalgeographic.com)
Starting with an intact cell (fresh or frozen) of the animal they'd like to clone, scientists first remove the nucleus, where DNA resides, and insert it into a hollowed-out egg cell of the same or a related species. (nationalgeographic.com)
In the case of the Pyrenean ibex, for example, the Spanish scientists created 439 eggs containing the extinct species' nuclei, but only 57 developed into embryos. (nationalgeographic.com)
New techniques in cloning frozen mammals may allow scientists to bring back the mammoth. (singularityhub.com)
More than a decade after their first attempt, a team of Japanese scientists have announced that they will aim to clone a woolly mammoth in the next five years. (singularityhub.com)
As we recently discussed , scientists have been pursuing cloning endangered and extinct species with middling success. (singularityhub.com)
Another similar attempt was performed in 2011 when scientists from the Royan Institute for Reproductive Biomedicine cloned the near-extinct Esfahan Mouflon. (umass.edu)

It became a hot topic in 1996 when Dolly the sheep was cloned via a process called somatic cell nuclear transfer. (archstl.org)
Professor Campbell was instrumental in the creation of Dolly the Sheep, the first cloned mammal, a breakthrough which paved the way for the successful cloning of many other mammal species. (nottingham.ac.uk)
Dolly the Sheep, the first mammal to be cloned from an adult derived somatic cell, was born in 1996. (nottingham.ac.uk)
Inevitably most people will remember him for Dolly the sheep although his recent work was focused on fundamental and applied stem cell research as a tool for the study of human disease. (nottingham.ac.uk)
When the world learned in 1997 of Dolly the sheep, the first clone produced from an adult mammal, a broad public discussion about the ethics of human cloning ensued, largely focused on the nature, meaning, and future of human procreation. (thenewatlantis.com)
British scientist Ian Wilmut, whose research was central to the creation of the cloned animal, Dolly the Sheep, has died at the age of 79, the University of Edinburgh said on Monday. (cyprus-mail.com)
Sir Ian Wilmut, the scientist who led the team that cloned Dolly the sheep in 1996, has died at 79. (yahoo.com)
But it was the successful cloning of Dolly the Sheep in 1996 that made waves around the world for she was the first mammal to be created using the procedure. (nyln.org)
Quick Answer: What Year Was Dolly The Sheep Cloned? (pooginook.com)
How much did it cost to clone Dolly the sheep? (pooginook.com)
Dolly the sheep, the first mammal cloned from an adult cell, died on 14 February. (pooginook.com)
What happened to Dolly the sheep clone? (pooginook.com)
What animals have been cloned since Dolly the sheep? (pooginook.com)
One of the most famous cloning experiments was the cloning of Dolly the sheep in 1996. (scinotions.com)
It seems that a little knowledge is a dangerous thing, and the authors have allowed themselves to over-interpretate their interesting results,' said Professor Ian Wilmut of the Roslin Institute, in Edinburgh, leader of the team, which cloned Dolly the sheep. (irfi.org)

Embryologist Tong Dizhou successfully inserted the DNA from a male Asian carp into the egg of a female Asian carp to create the first fish clone in 1963. (wikipedia.org)
In 2001 researchers at Advanced Cell Technology in Worcester, Massachusetts, United States, reported that 24 successfully cloned Holsteins had been monitored from birth to the age of four. (wikipedia.org)
Two of these cloned cattle successfully mated, each producing a healthy calf. (wikipedia.org)
In 1958, John Gurdon, then at Oxford University, explained that he had successfully cloned a frog. (wikipedia.org)
In 1972, he became the first scientist to successfully freeze, thaw and transfer a calf embryo, which he called "Frostie," to a surrogate mother. (yahoo.com)
A year before Dolly, he successfully cloned two lambs (Megan and Morag) whose cells were taken from sheep embryos. (yahoo.com)
Dolly's successful birth in 1996 marked the first time a mammal was successfully cloned from an adult cell. (yahoo.com)
A decade later, an Asian carp was successfully cloned. (nyln.org)
Even an extinct animal, the Pyrenean ibex, was successfully cloned in 2009. (nyln.org)
It was reported that 29 embryos were successfully created, and subsequently implanted into 13 surrogate mothers, but Dolly was the only pregnancy that went to full term. (pooginook.com)
More than 10 different cell types have been used successfully as "parents" for cloning. (wptv.com)
In 1972, he became the first scientist to successfully freeze, thaw and transfer a calf embryo, which he called "Frostie," to a surrogate mother.Wilmut's work at The Roslin Institute in Edinburgh continued to push the boundaries of animal genetics. (sp1ndex.com)
A year before Dolly, he successfully cloned two lambs (Megan and Morag) whose cells were taken from sheep embryos.University of EdinburghDolly's successful birth in 1996 marked the first time a mammal was successfully cloned from an adult cell. (sp1ndex.com)
At the same time, labs in a variety of countries have successfully cloned human embryos for the purpose of producing stem cells that can be used in medical therapies. (pewresearch.org)
We can use this process to clone the last male White rhino to create a male that would successfully mate with the remaining females, and thus resolve the captive breeding issue. (umass.edu)
After the birth of Dolly in 1996, the first successfully cloned mammal, excitement filled the scientific community and led to further investigation and development in the field of genetic engineering (Kolata, 1997). (umass.edu)

b , Snuppy (left) was implanted as an early embryo into a surrogate mother, the yellow Labrador retriever on the right, and raised by her. (nature.com)
It would involve introducing Neanderthal DNA into a human stem cell, before finding a human surrogate mother to carry the Neanderthal-esque embryo. (pooginook.com)
After growing and dividing for a week or so in a laboratory culture dish, the fused cell forms an early embryo called a blastocyst, which Wilmut's team implants into a surrogate mother. (newscientist.com)
The reconstructed egg was then stimulated to develop into an embryo and implanted into a surrogate mother sheep. (scinotions.com)
If a human cell could be Neanderthalized, it would be implanted into the womb of a surrogate mother, either a woman or a chimp, and then develop into a fetus. (nationalgeographic.com)

Scores of sheep embryos died. (exposingsatanism.org)

Gene, the first cloned calf in the world was born in 1997 at the American Breeders Service facilities in Deforest, Wisconsin, United States. (wikipedia.org)
Viable Offspring Derived from Petal and Adult Mammalian Cells', Nature (1997), 385 , 810. (todayinsci.com)
After years of experiments …cloning hit the big time in February 1997. (exposingsatanism.org)
Polly, born in 1997, was the first genetically modified cloned mammal. (yahoo.com)
General Assembly the following year,3 and the World Medical Association's Resolution on Cloning, endorsed in 1997, have confronted the issue but lack binding legal force. (who.int)

His research blossomed after he came to Roslin Institute where in a series of papers he put the intellectual framework into the method of mammalian cloning that ultimately led to the birth of Dolly in 1996. (nottingham.ac.uk)
Wilmut, along with Keith Campbell from the animal sciences research institute in Scotland, generated news headlines and heated ethical debates in 1996 when they created Dolly, the first mammal to be cloned from an adult cell. (cyprus-mail.com)
She was born on 5 July 1996 and died from a progressive lung disease five months before her seventh birthday (the disease was not considered related to her being a clone) on 14 February 2003. (pooginook.com)
Although many species produce clonal offspring in this fashion, Dolly, the lamb born in 1996 at a research institute in Scotland, was the first asexually produced mammalian clone. (who.int)
is a British developmental biologist who was the first to use nuclear transfer of differentiated adult cells to generate a mammalian clone, a Finn Dorset sheep named Dolly, born in 1996. (mathisfunforum.com)

Millie and Emma were two female Jersey cows cloned at the University of Tennessee in 2001. (wikipedia.org)
Ever since, a number of mammals have been cloned - cows, pigs, cats and rhesus monkeys. (nyln.org)
Although the simple use of the word 'clone' may have negative connotations, many people have resigned themselves to the idea of cloning cows that produce more milk or using a cloned mouse for use in controlled experimentation. (bartleby.com)

This transfer of early-stage embryos is a crucial factor in successful assisted reproductive technology for dogs. (nature.com)
Moreover, most early-stage embryos that are produced naturally (that is, through the union of egg and sperm resulting from sexual intercourse) fail to implant and are therefore wasted or destroyed. (wikiquote.org)

That's why Father Pacholczyk, director of education at the National Catholic Bioethics Center in Philadelphia, said that the efforts to help people understand the immorality of embryo reserch, including human cloning, must focus on humanizing the issue and appreciating our own embryonic origins, not just on the desired results of embryonic or other types of stem-cell research. (archstl.org)
A decade later, cloning came to the forefront in Missouri with the narrow passage of Amendment 2, a ballot initiative in 2006 that constitutionally protects embryonic stem-cell research and human cloning. (archstl.org)
The Catholic Church has always held that stem-cell research and therapies are morally acceptable, as long as they don't involve the creation and destruction of human embryos. (archstl.org)
Somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT) is a technology applied in cloning, stem cell research and regenerative medicine. (asu.edu)
and stem cell research, written about by the Irish Council for Bioethics and the Telegraph among others. (progress.org.uk)
The video clarifies the scientific process that led to Dolly's creation, explores how media and political leaders responded to the birth with surprise and fear, and how Dolly influenced the ongoing debate over the use of human embryos in stem cell research. (retroreport.org)
How did the Japanese scientist Shinya Yamanaka sidestep the ethical issues surrounding the use of human embryos in stem cell research? (retroreport.org)

Last year they used the same reproductive technology to create the world's first cloned lambs (Nature, vol 380, p 64). (newscientist.com)

He then moved to PPLTherapeutics, the company that was spun out from Roslin Institute, where that procedure and his expertise led to the birth of cloned and genetically modified sheep, pigs and cattle. (nottingham.ac.uk)

A blastocyst (cloned or not), because it lacks any trace of a nervous system, has no capacity for suffering or conscious experience in any form - the special properties that, in our view, spell the difference between biological tissue and a human life worthy of respect and rights. (wikiquote.org)
In SCNT they take the nucleolus out of an egg cell, replace it with the nucleolus of a somatic cell (body cell with two complete sets of chromosomes), and make the egg cell divide into a blastocyst ("What Is Cloning? (bartleby.com)
The resulting embryos, lacking the genes from sperm that promote full development, can't grow beyond the blastocyst stage that they reach in a few days. (chemistryworld.com)
Usually all plants are totipotent but in animals only fertilized egg (zygote) and stem cells in the embryonic blastocyst are totipotent. (yourarticlelibrary.com)

The National Institutes of Health defines a human embryo as "the developing organism from the time of fertilization until the end of the eighth week of gestation. (archstl.org)
What happens in reproductive cloning is that a duplicate copy of another organism is made. (nyln.org)
On the other hand, a chimera is defined as an organism in which cells from two or more different organisms have contributed. (frontiersin.org)
While eggs chemically triggered to develop don't have what it takes to make a viable embryo, it's a different story if the egg has been given the chromosomes of a cell from a more mature organism, through the technique of somatic-cell nuclear transfer used in cloning. (chemistryworld.com)
Going from engineered cells to whole organism has been especially well established in mice, and [there's] no obvious reason why it would fail in other mammals. (nationalgeographic.com)
Totipotency is the ability of a cell to grow into a complete organism. (yourarticlelibrary.com)
DNA is extracted from an organism by breaking its cells, separation of nuclei and rupturing of nuclear envelope. (yourarticlelibrary.com)
The various clones representing all the genes of an organism are called gene library of that organism. (yourarticlelibrary.com)

Although the latest scientific work related to cloning has been focused on potential medical applications, much of that research is relevant to the creation of cloned children. (thenewatlantis.com)
Some prohibit only cloning for reproductive purposes and allow the creation of cloned human embryos for research, whereas others prohibit the creation of cloned embryos for any purpose. (who.int)

He did this by using intact nuclei from somatic cells from a Xenopus tadpole. (wikipedia.org)
Somatic cells are cells that have gone through the differentiation process and are not germ cells. (asu.edu)
It is also our view that there are no sound reasons for treating the early-stage human embryo or cloned human embryo as anything special, or as having moral status greater than human somatic cells in tissue culture. (wikiquote.org)
Dolly demonstrated that adult somatic cells also could be used as parents. (wptv.com)

Specifically, many wondered: If they're doing sheep now, how long until they clone humans? (yahoo.com)
Can humans clone? (pooginook.com)
Although some of the practical difficulties of cloning whole mammals have been overcome, there is little likelihood of applying this cloning technique to humans. (biotopics.co.uk)
Even those who focused more on the natural world than supernatural ones worried about the potential for making "designer humans" or something out of The Island of Dr. Moreau.While Dolly proved that cells could be used to create a copy of the animal they came from, Wilmut's next experiment proved that they could also be altered. (sp1ndex.com)
If the same could be achieved in humans, it would mean that each of us could have clones of ourselves made from our own tissue. (newscientist.com)
An Italian fertility doctor, Dr. Severino Antinori announced his intention to clone humans, so that he can help infertile couples to have children. (irfi.org)
I hope that this will not be used to give encouragement to those who wish to clone humans,' he said. (irfi.org)
You can't say, taking this information in isolation, that it's easier to clone primates and humans,' he said. (irfi.org)
The Ethical Debate Concerning Cloning In the year that has elapsed since the announcement of Dolly's birth, there has been much discussion of the ethical implications of cloning humans. (bartleby.com)
However, the idea of cloning humans is a highly charged topic. (bartleby.com)
3 Americans are divided as to whether humans will be cloned in the near future. (pewresearch.org)
5 Fewer Americans are concerned with cloning animals than with the prospect of cloning humans , according to the same 2016 Gallup survey . (pewresearch.org)
Those fears led President Clinton to ban the use of federal funds for cloning humans. (retroreport.org)

In biology , cloning is the process of producing similar populations of genetically identical individuals that occurs in nature when organisms such as bacteria , insects or plants reproduce asexually . (wikiquote.org)
Cloning in biotechnology refers to processes used to create copies of DNA fragments ( molecular cloning ), cells (cell cloning), or organisms . (wikiquote.org)
It is known that in simpler organisms the differentiation process is less inflexible, and that damage to the body can be overcome due to cells re-growing lost tissue. (biotopics.co.uk)
The researchers wanted to see whether "mature" cells that have differentiated to fulfil a specialised role (such as that of an udder cell or a fetal cell) could be returned to a primitive state from which they could grow into entire organisms. (newscientist.com)
The term applies not only to entire organisms but also to copies of molecules (such as DNA) and cells. (who.int)

More importantly, biotechnologists will for the first time be able to manipulate the genes of cells from farm animals directly before growing them into embryos. (newscientist.com)
The fact that the DNA of a fully differentiated (adult) cell could be stimulated to revert to a condition comparable to that of a newly fertilized egg and to repeat the process of embryonic development demonstrates that all the genes in differentiated cells retain their functional capacity, although only a few are active. (who.int)

A purebred Hereford calf clone named Chloe was born in 2001 at Kansas State University's purebred research unit. (wikipedia.org)
In 2001, Brazil cloned their first heifer, Vitória. (wikipedia.org)
Elaboration of an international convention against reproductive cloning of human beings has been under consideration in the United Nations since December 2001 when the subject was included in the agenda of the fifty- sixth session as a supplementary agenda item at the request of France and Germany. (who.int)
Other notable cloning experiments include the cloning of a cat named CC (Carbon Copy) in 2001, the cloning of a mule named Idaho Gem in 2003, and the cloning of a dog named Snuppy in 2005. (scinotions.com)
There has been overwhelming opposition to human cloning since 2001. (pewresearch.org)

They produced idential lambs called Megan and Morag, which originated from different cells of the same embryo. (newscientist.com)

Three more cloned calves were born in 1998. (wikipedia.org)

Here we describe the cloning of two Afghan hounds by nuclear transfer from adult skin cells into oocytes that had matured in vivo . (nature.com)
Successful somatic-cell nuclear transfer (SCNT) depends on the quality, availability and maturation of the animal's unfertilized oocytes. (nature.com)
Pregnancy was established only after embryo transfer of very-early-stage nuclear-transfer constructs (that is, less than 4 hours after oocyte activation). (nature.com)
Figure 1: Dog cloned by somatic-cell nuclear transfer. (nature.com)
Following two postdoctoral positions he joined the Roslin Institute in Scotland in 1991, where he applied his previous experience to the production of mammalian embryos by nuclear transfer. (nottingham.ac.uk)
More than 100 nuclear transfer procedures could be required to produce one viable clone. (wikiquote.org)
He led efforts to develop cloning, or nuclear transfer, techniques that could be used to make genetically modified sheep. (cyprus-mail.com)
Dolly, named after country singer Dolly Parton, was the first mammal to be cloned from an adult cell, using a process called somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT). (cyprus-mail.com)
The first offspring to develop from a differentiated cell were born after nuclear transfer from an embryo-derived cell line that had been induced to became quiescent. (todayinsci.com)
Dolly was the first successful cloning of a mammal from an adult somatic cell, demonstrating the viability of somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT). (yahoo.com)
A process called somatic cell nuclear transfer, where the nucleus of a somatic cell is extracted and inserted into an egg that's had its nucleus removed. (nyln.org)
Since the growth involves nuclear division by mitosis and cell division, the resulting cells are identical. (biotopics.co.uk)
In contrast, Dolly was produced by what's called somatic cell nuclear transfer. (wptv.com)
By my calculations, Dolly was the single success from 277 tries at somatic cell nuclear transfer. (wptv.com)
Sometimes the process of cloning by somatic cell nuclear transfer still produces abnormal embryos, most of which die. (wptv.com)
Somatic-cell nuclear transfer, the technique by which Dolly was created, was first used 40 years ago in research with tadpoles and frogs. (who.int)
if it implants and the pregnancy goes to term, the resulting individual will carry the same nuclear genetic material as the donor of the adult somatic cell. (who.int)
However, an animal created through this technique would not be a precise genetic copy of the source of its nuclear DNA because each clone derives a small amount of its DNA from the mitochondria of the egg (which lie outside the nucleus) rather than from the donor of cell nucleus. (who.int)
Somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT) is a type of cloning that has to be done in a lab. (bartleby.com)
After nuclear transfer, the researchers used a chemical stimulus to trigger growth of the embryos that developed to full term and produced live births. (chemistryworld.com)

Previously, intra- and interspecific canine embryos have been constructed by canine SCNT into canine and bovine oocytes, respectively, but this did not result in viable offspring 9 . (nature.com)
For SCNT, the chromosomes of the unfertilized canine oocytes were removed by micromanipulation, and a single donor cell was transferred into each enucleated oocyte. (nature.com)
Again, Saunders is referring to SCNT as "THE" cloning procedure, when there are many other ways to clone a human being as well, and he is scientifically mis-defining the product of SCNT (i.e., the cloned human embryo). (lifeissues.net)

Given that we have an efficiency of 1% cloning for livestock species and if only one in a thousand cells are viable then around 100,000 cells would need to be transferred. (wikiquote.org)
While the practice has been successful on certain mammals, it is still a hotly debated topic in terms of the human species. (nyln.org)
I've been working with mammalian embryos for over 40 years, with some work in my lab specifically focusing on various methods of cloning cattle and other livestock species. (wptv.com)
it's highly variable, though, depending on the cell type used and the species. (wptv.com)
Most natural cloning occurs in those species that produce their descendants asexually, that is, without combining the male and female genetic material. (who.int)
4 The public is divided about the prospect of using cloning to bring back to life species of animals that are currently extinct , such as the carrier pigeon or even the woolly mammoth. (pewresearch.org)
In a 2013 Pew Research Center poll , half of all adults surveyed (50%) said that by 2050 researchers will be able to use cloning to bring back extinct species, with 48% predicting such a development won't occur. (pewresearch.org)
In 2003, researchers in Spain were the first to bring back an extinct species -the Pyrenean ibex, a wild mountain goat also called a bucardo-though the clone only lived for a few minutes. (nationalgeographic.com)
It starts with a healthy cell of a closely related species-cloning a Neanderthal, for example, could start with a stem cell from a modern human. (nationalgeographic.com)
Cloning, the process of producing a genetically identical individual using the DNA of another individual, has been used over the past decade to revive extinct species. (umass.edu)
In order to accomplish this, the U.S Fish and Wildlife Service and private organizations should provide funds for cloning-based conservation programs to repopulate endangered species that cannot be saved through traditional conservation methods. (umass.edu)

Using the same procedure, we now report the birth of live lambs from three new cell populations established from adult mammary gland, fetus and embryo. (todayinsci.com)
Otherwise, such a treaty would not recognize the inherent human nature of the early human embryo or fetus until after birth , and thus cloning them and using them for research - both "therapeutic" and "reproductive" -- would not be banned, and women undergoing "infertility treatments" could surely be put in danger. (lifeissues.net)
But there was no way to easily know all the characteristics of the animal that would result from a cloned embryo or fetus. (wptv.com)
The latest experiments have also produced three lambs from the cells of a sheep fetus aborted after 26 days, and four from a nine-day-old embryo. (newscientist.com)

In his 2012 book Regenesis , Harvard geneticist George Church proposes a different approach for cloning extinct animals whose genome has been sequenced. (nationalgeographic.com)
As our successes with cloning continue to mount, the chances for any of these teams to reproduce an extinct or endangered mammal will improve. (singularityhub.com)
Another experiment, accomplished in 2009, was to clone the Bucardo, an extinct wild goat indigenous to mountainous regions of Spain. (umass.edu)

In 2000, Texas A&M University cloned a Black Angus bull named 86 Squared, after cells from his donor, Bull 86, had been frozen for 15 years. (wikipedia.org)
Donor fibroblasts were obtained from an ear-skin biopsy of a male Afghan hound and cultured for two to five passages (in which fully grown cells are transferred to a new culture dish). (nature.com)
We tested whether the cloned dogs were genetically identical by microsatellite analysis of genomic DNA from the donor Afghan, the cloned dogs and the surrogates (see supplementary information ). (nature.com)
Analysis of eight canine-specific microsatellite loci confirmed that the cloned dogs were genetically identical to their donor dog. (nature.com)
The birth of lambs from differentiated fetal and adult cells also reinforces previous speculation that by inducing donor cells to became quiescent it will be possible to obtain normal development from a wide variety of differentiated cells. (todayinsci.com)
Next, the researchers take cells containing donor genetic material. (newscientist.com)
Wilmut and his colleagues fuse the empty oocyte with the donor cell by bringing them together and subjecting them to an electric current. (newscientist.com)
Wilmut says there were so many failures because it is difficult to ensure that the empty oocyst and the donor cell are at the same stage of the cell division cycle. (newscientist.com)
Thus, the clone would be genetically identical to the nucleus donor only if the egg came from the same donor or from her maternal line. (who.int)
Dolly was created by removing the nucleus of an egg cell and replacing it with the nucleus from a somatic cell of a donor sheep. (scinotions.com)
However, though BC is emerging as a potential organ transplant option, challenges regarding organ size scalability, immune system incompatibilities, long-term maintenance, potential evolutionary distance, or unveiled mechanisms between donor and host cells remain. (frontiersin.org)
Is Dolly an exact clone of the nucleus donor? (retroreport.org)
The experiment resulted in the birth of a Bucardo that was genetically identical to the donor cell. (umass.edu)

Beyond this scientific interest, the commercial concern in animal cloning focuses on replicating large numbers of genetically identical animals, especially those derived from a progenitor that has been modified genetically. (who.int)

They produce clones. (yourarticlelibrary.com)

In animal cloning, researchers remove the nucleus - the part of the cell that contains the DNA - from a fertilized egg and replace it with the nucleus of a somatic cell, e.g. a skin cell. (innovativegenomics.org)
In this process, researchers remove the genetic material from an egg and replace it with the nucleus of some other body cell. (wptv.com)
For each clone, the Roslin researchers combine material from two sources. (newscientist.com)
Using new tricks of genetic engineering, researchers could make adjustments to the DNA in the human cell so it matches the code of the Neanderthal. (nationalgeographic.com)

A type of cloning that occurs naturally is when identical twins are born ("What Is Cloning? (bartleby.com)
Some vertebrates, such as certain lizards, reproduce naturally by parthenogenesis - but not mammals. (chemistryworld.com)
Cloning occurs naturally in asexually reproducing mi-crobes and vegetatively multiplying plants. (yourarticlelibrary.com)

The fact that a lamb was derived from an adult cell confirms that differentiation of that cell did not involve the irreversible modification of genetic material required far development to term. (todayinsci.com)
Dolly was important because she was the first mammal to be cloned from an adult cell. (pooginook.com)
As the first animal cloned from an adult cell, Dolly's birth was a scientific accomplishment that was compared to putting a man on the moon. (retroreport.org)

Most bacteria reproduce asexually and so produce offspring which are a clone. (biotopics.co.uk)

The subject of human cloning has been around for much of the 20th century and beyond. (archstl.org)
The book is separated into three chapters covering biotechnology, animal cloning and human cloning. (progress.org.uk)
The Threat of Human Cloning begins by laying out the scientific and policy background of the cloning debates. (thenewatlantis.com)
The Threat of Human Cloning concludes by calling for laws prohibiting both human cloning and the creation of embryos for research. (thenewatlantis.com)
The United States government can, and must, outlaw human cloning. (thenewatlantis.com)
As such, some nations have banned human cloning because of the ethical issues that might arise. (nyln.org)
Although human cloning is not yet possible, concerns have been raised about "playing God," especially by religious groups. (nyln.org)
Ramsey's statement could thus not apply to the issue of human cloning to begin with. (lifeissues.net)
b) But there is a more fundamental reason why Ramsey's statement might not apply to the issue of human cloning. (lifeissues.net)
But it is perhaps not auspicious to quote him for purposes of the scientific debates on human cloning, because Ramsey agreed with and supported the scientific myth of the "pre-embryo" 47 made famous by Jesuit Richard McCormick and frog embryologist Clifford Grobstein. (lifeissues.net)
Perhaps Ramsey would give other extraordinarily powerful arguments as to why human cloning is unethical, but he obviously would not be able to base it on his unscientific "pre-embryo" position. (lifeissues.net)
a) It would seem that Saunders uses the "potential" argument here quite appropriately, but it is critical that the term be understood properly in order to deflect any misunderstandings or misinterpretations - especially if the term were to be used in any U. N. treaty on human cloning. (lifeissues.net)
If the term "potential" were to be incorporated into a U. N. treaty on human cloning, it would be necessary to clarify its use as referring to an already existing human being/person. (lifeissues.net)
increased public sensitivity and awareness together with the development of national regulations of governance of human cloning and embryo research in general. (lifeissues.net)
3. National regulations of governance of human cloning and embryo research in general adopted so far confirm the convergence of views of the refusal to adopt legislation or guidelines permitting reproductive cloning , while they still show variations on the legitimacy of human cloning carried out as part of research agendas. (lifeissues.net)
While it is banned in Britain, however, human cloning is legal elsewhere, including the US. (newscientist.com)
To date, some 35 countries have adopted laws forbidding human cloning. (who.int)
It is not feasible to clone a human using only hair as the source of DNA since hair cells do not contain the complete set of genetic material necessary for human cloning. (scinotions.com)
There have been no successful human cloning experiments, and human cloning is currently illegal in most countries. (scinotions.com)
On April 11, 2003, Washington Post Staff Writer, Rick Weiss, reported 'New research suggests that it may be a lot harder to clone people than to clone other animals, an unexpected scientific twist that could influence the escalating congressional debate over human cloning and embryo research. (irfi.org)
But opponents of human embryo research were afraid that the new research not only identifies previously unrecognized hurdles to human cloning, but also points the way to overcoming those hurdles. (irfi.org)
Should Human Cloning Be Pursued? (bartleby.com)
Dolly's debut set off a firestorm about both the practical value and ethics of cloning, including the possibility of human cloning. (pewresearch.org)
Currently, more than 40 countries - including the UK, France, Germany and Japan - formally ban human cloning. (pewresearch.org)

Other policy options, such as supposed compromises that would prohibit "reproductive cloning" but permit "therapeutic cloning" by prohibiting not the act of creating a cloned embryo but the act of transferring a cloned embryo to a woman's uterus, would inherently mandate the wide-scale destruction of human embryos. (thenewatlantis.com)
Reproductive cloning is expensive and highly inefficient. (wikiquote.org)
Reproductive cloning is a process that has been around for a long time. (nyln.org)
However, with reproductive cloning, same-sex couples no longer have to seek such methods because they can have a child that is truly their own. (nyln.org)
Since the term "born" has been used as an essential part of the definition of " reproductive cloning " used by Weissman, the National Academy of Sciences, etc., then it is critical to use the accurate term with the proper meaning. (lifeissues.net)
Under the AHR Act, it is illegal to knowingly create a human clone, regardless of the purpose, including therapeutic and reproductive cloning. (pooginook.com)

Pampa, a Jersey calf, was the first animal cloned in Argentina (by the company Bio Sidus) in 2002. (wikipedia.org)
On Dec. 27, 2002, Brigitte Boisselier held a press conference in Florida, announcing the birth of the first human clone, called Eve. (pooginook.com)

The report offers an ethical and policy analysis, articulating what makes cloning morally repugnant and calling for the practice to be definitively prohibited in the United States. (thenewatlantis.com)
The scientifically groundbreaking announcement also set off a media firestorm as experts and casual observers wrestled with lab-made mammals' ethical implications. (yahoo.com)
In particular, scientific developments in areas such as iPS cells open new possibilities of research and, at mid term, of therapeutic applications, but they also bring new ethical challenges and problems requiring further reflection and debate. (lifeissues.net)
However, it's important to note that cloning is still a relatively new technology and has many limitations and ethical concerns that need to be addressed before it can be used widely. (scinotions.com)
Several authors have attempted to outline some of the ethical objections to cloning while at the same time minimizing the role religion plays in this debate. (bartleby.com)
Even if a clone did survive, the ethical dilemmas of raising a Neanderthal would be complicated. (nationalgeographic.com)

Wilmut moved to the University of Edinburgh the following decade, focusing on using cloning to make stem cells for regenerative medicine. (yahoo.com)
A year ago, we showed that you could do it with cells from embryos," says Wilmut. (newscientist.com)
They fuse as one cell," says Wilmut. (newscientist.com)

instead of half the genetic material coming from a sperm and half from an egg, it all comes from a single cell. (wptv.com)
35 It is true that I am excluding here as elsewhere red blood cells which have no nucleus once released into the blood, and sperm or eggs with only 1,500,000,000 bases in them. (globalchange.com)

But with cloning, parents can get the exact same child by having genetic material from the first cloned. (nyln.org)
A clone is simply a group of individuals containing exactly the same genetic material. (biotopics.co.uk)
This picture shows a mammalian egg cell, held by a blunt pipette on the left hand side, with genetic material being introduced via a narrow pipette on the right hand side. (biotopics.co.uk)
These germ cells are the only ones in the body that have their genetic material all jumbled up and in half the quantity of every other kind of cell. (wptv.com)
When the one-cell embryo duplicates its genetic material, both cells of the now two-cell embryo are genetically identical. (wptv.com)
When they in turn duplicate their genetic material, each cell at the four-cell stage is genetically identical. (wptv.com)
Hair is an exceptional source of DNA since it holds nucleated cells that contain genetic material. (scinotions.com)
Although hair contains nucleated cells with genetic material, the DNA within them is often degraded and insufficient for cloning. (scinotions.com)

While Dolly proved that cells could be used to create a copy of the animal they came from, Wilmut's next experiment proved that they could also be altered. (yahoo.com)
Polly was Wilmut's last cloning experiment. (yahoo.com)
Assuming a few years to find suitable mammoth DNA and adapt Wakayama's techniques for this experiment, and 600 days of gestation once the clone is implanted in an adult African elephant, we could have a mammoth birth in five years or so. (singularityhub.com)
In 2003, a cloning experiment was performed to clone a Javan Banteng, a breed of wild cattle. (umass.edu)

A Javan banteng calf was cloned from frozen cells using a cow as a surrogate, delivered via c-section on April 1, 2003, then hand raised at the San Diego Wild Animal Parks Infant Isolation Unit. (wikipedia.org)
Developments in biotechnology have raised new concerns about animal welfare, as farm animals now have their genomes modified (genetically engineered) or copied (cloned) to propagate certain traits useful to agribusiness, such as meat yield or feed conversion. (wikiquote.org)
However, if we think back to what actually happened to the animal - it died, even if from the cold, the cells in the body would have taken some time to freeze. (wikiquote.org)
This time lag would allow for breakdown of the cells, which normally happens when any animal dies. (wikiquote.org)
Fertilization of mammalian eggs is followed by successive cell divisions and progressive differentiation, first into the early embryo and subsequently into all of the cell types that make up the adult animal. (todayinsci.com)
Concerns have been raised even in animals as doubters worry about the implications of using a cloned animal in the food supply. (nyln.org)
The egg then forms an animal genetically identical to the animal that donated the nucleus: a clone. (innovativegenomics.org)
Her birth proved that specialised cells could be used to create an exact copy of the animal they came from. (pooginook.com)
if a desirable animal was produced, they could thaw the frozen cells and make more copies. (wptv.com)
Thus, one could know the characteristics of the animal being cloned. (wptv.com)
She is the first mammal ever created from the non-reproductive tissue of an adult animal. (newscientist.com)
Several decades before Dolly's birth, what other animal had been cloned? (retroreport.org)
Cloning is of several types-cell cloning, gene cloning, microbial cloning, plant cloning and animal cloning. (yourarticlelibrary.com)
In contrast, pluriopotency is the ability of a cell to develop ИПу type Ot the Cell in the animal body, for example, kidney cells or heart cells or nerve cells. (yourarticlelibrary.com)
However, techniques have been developed to grow animal cells. (yourarticlelibrary.com)
The next step after cloning an animal would be its reintroduction to its natural habitat. (umass.edu)

The use of various types of stem cells for research purposes to make disease "models" in the lab for regenerative medicine and for "therapies" to cure sick patients for diseases is constantly in the news. (lifeissues.net)

This pioneering study has helped pave the way for others to develop gene and stem-cell based strategies for therapeutic purposes. (nottingham.ac.uk)

This was an important extension of work of Briggs and King in 1952 on transplanting nuclei from embryonic blastula cells. (wikipedia.org)
It had been thought that in mammals (including Man), the situation was somewhat different and that it was very difficult to persuade nuclei from differentiated cells to divide again, when inserted into other cells. (biotopics.co.uk)

Cloning is as much an art as it is a science," said Robert Lanza of Advanced Cell Technology in Worcester, Massachusetts. (exposingsatanism.org)

Dolly's DNA came from a cell in the udder of a six-year-old Finn Dorset ewe. (newscientist.com)
In addition, Dolly's DNA may have come from a stem cell that had not yet matured into an udder cell. (newscientist.com)
Why was Dolly's arrival such an important breakthrough in cloning? (retroreport.org)

This kind of cloning is today being performed at several scientific labs in the United States, despite the availability of alternative techniques that produce cells of nearly the same scientific and medical value but that require neither the creation nor destruction of human embryos. (thenewatlantis.com)

2 Eight-in-ten American adults (81%) say cloning a human being is not morally acceptable, according to a May 2016 Gallup poll . (pewresearch.org)
Just 13% of adults in 2016 say cloning is morally acceptable. (pewresearch.org)
Still, a majority of adults (60%) say cloning animals like Dolly is morally wrong, compared with 34% who say it's morally acceptable. (pewresearch.org)

Not only would cloning-to-produce-children be a dangerous experimental procedure, one that cannot be consented to by its subjects (the children created by it), it is also a profound distortion of the moral meaning of human procreation. (thenewatlantis.com)
7. "[footnote 16]: The cloning procedure supplies the oocyte with a complete set of chromosomes, all of which are contained in the nucleus which is transferred into the denucleated oocyte. (lifeissues.net)
How many times did he have to repeat the procedure before an embryo was carried to term? (retroreport.org)

More than 90% of cloning attempts fail to produce viable offspring. (wikiquote.org)
So it is unlikely that the cells would be viable. (wikiquote.org)
Let's say that one in a thousand cells were nevertheless viable, practical issues come into play. (wikiquote.org)
Similar or modified techniques may allow Iritani and his team to take mammoth DNA previously considered too damage to be viable, and boot strap it into a clone. (singularityhub.com)

The principles of cloning have been applied to some more fundamental experimentation in plants and animals. (biotopics.co.uk)

What was special about Dolly is that her "parents" were actually a single cell originating from mammary tissue of an adult ewe. (wptv.com)
Mammary glands are rich in these cells, which are more adaptable than other tissue. (newscientist.com)

In 2019, the first Chinese commercially cloned cat, Garlic, was created by Sinogene Biotechnology. (wikipedia.org)
Whilst it is targeted at 14-18 year olds, 'Biotechnology and Cloning' assumes a high level of knowledge on an ambitious range of hard to grasp topics, none of which are directly explained in the book. (progress.org.uk)
Buy Biotechnology and Cloning from Amazon UK . (progress.org.uk)
Cloning-to-produce-children could also be used to attempt to control the physical and even psychological traits of children, extending the eugenic logic of those who would use reproductive biotechnology to have the perfect child. (thenewatlantis.com)

Anatomy46

Organisms38

Diseases2

Chemicals and Drugs44

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment42

Phenomena and Processes89

Disciplines and Occupations3

Technology, Industry, Agriculture1

Information Science5

Health Care2

Embryonic stem6

Scientists35

Dolly the S15

Successfully16

Surrogate mother5

Sheep embryos1

19975

19965

Cows3

Early-stage embryos2

Stem-cell res7

World's first cloned1

Pigs1

Blastocyst4

Organism8

Creation of cloned2

Somatic cells4

Humans13

Organisms5

Genes2

20015

Megan and M1

19981

Nuclear20

SCNT3

Species11

Fetus4

Extinct3

Donor13

Large numbers of genetically1

Produce clones1

Researchers4

Naturally3

Adult cell3

Reproduce1

Human Cloning24

Reproductive Cloning6

20022

Ethical6

Wilmut3

Sperm2

Genetic material8

Experiment4

Animal16

Regenerative medicine1

Therapeutic1

Nuclei2

Advanced Cell Technology in Worc1

Dolly's3

Destruction of human1

Morally3

Procedure3

Viable4

Experimentation1

Mammary2

Biotechnology4