• Whereas vitamin A is best known for its critical role during embryonic development and visual cycle (documented by 3 Nobel prizes), its post-natal activities, including in neuroprotection, modulation of neurotransmission and synaptic plasticity only start being discovered and understood. (igbmc.fr)
  • Telomerase plays a critical role during embryonic development and stem cell differentiation, when cells divide profusely. (sciencedaily.com)
  • We investigated the effect of 5-azacytidine (5-aza) on P19 cells to differentiate into a high-efficacy cardiomyocytes. (korea.ac.kr)
  • This study has demonstrated that 5-aza induces differentiation of P19 cells into cardiomyocytes in a confluent monolayer culture in the absence of prior embryoid formation and dimethyl sulfoxide exposure, depending in part on alteration of BMP signaling molecules. (korea.ac.kr)
  • Promotes embryonic stem cell (ESC) differentiation into cardiomyocytes. (fishersci.com)
  • Noninvasive detection and imaging of molecular markers in live cardiomyocytes derived from human embryonic stem cells Biophysical Journal. (nottingham.ac.uk)
  • the EST, which assesses the effects of compounds on the differentiation of mouse embryonic stem cells into contracting cardiomyocytes, can be used to rank the potency of chemicals within a series of alkoxyacetic acid metabolites formed from The implementation of the European REACH (Registration, glycol ethers. (cdc.gov)
  • We used in vitro differentiation of embryonic stem cells through embryoid bodies as a model to analyze chondrogenic and osteogenic differentiation because embryonic stem cells recapitulate early embryonic developmental phases during in vitro differentiation. (uni-luebeck.de)
  • Finally, we demonstrated that osteogenic differentiation of ESCs was enhanced on stiff substrates compared to soft substrates, illustrating that the mechanical environment can play a role in both early and terminal ESC differentiation. (ox.ac.uk)
  • At this time I also began working with mouse and human embryonic stem cells resulting in the publication of some of the first papers describing the osteogenic differentiation of mouse ES and human cells in vitro and in vivo . (nottingham.ac.uk)
  • These analyses revealed that mESCs co-cultured with HepG2 cells showed a decrease in pluripotency gene expression concomitant with up-regulation of endodermal genes. (ca.gov)
  • We discuss what is known about the distinct metabolic states captured in vitro by the 2-cell-like, naïve, blastocyst-like, formative, and primed states of pluripotency. (conditionmed.org)
  • We explore the recently described metabolic surge event that occurs as pluripotency is lost and stem cells commit to differentiate. (conditionmed.org)
  • To establish protocols for the safe and efficient differentiation of healthy cells for therapies, we must develop a better understanding of the dynamic continuum of metabolic states that span pluripotency and differentiation, and how to influence them. (conditionmed.org)
  • Here, we describe how another defining property of ES cells, their demonstrable pluripotency, may be harnessed for their directed differentiation along the DC pathway, enabling the generation of limitless numbers of DC faithfully expressing candidate genes of interest. (ox.ac.uk)
  • Writing in the journal Cell Stem Cell , the team reports that more than half of mouse epiblast stem cells treated with the drug reversed course within three days, and regained an embryonic "be anything" state, also called pluripotency. (sciencedaily.com)
  • Past attempts by other teams to restore pluripotency to mouse cells from the epiblast stem cell state have yielded far lower amounts, or non-viable cells. (sciencedaily.com)
  • The stem cell field witnessed a genuine breakthrough when a combination of solely four transcription factors ( Oct3 / 4 , Sox2 , Klf4 and c-Myc, OSKM ) proved enough to revert, in vitro, the differentiated status of a variety of cell types back to pluripotency, giving rise to so-called induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells. (springer.com)
  • In this Chapter, we dissect the proof-of-principle studies that demonstrated that cellular reprogramming to pluripotency can be induced in vivo, in spite of unfavorable pro-differentiation signals present within the tissues. (springer.com)
  • Background: Recent studies have associated the transcription factors, Oct4, Sox2 and Nanog as parts of a self-regulating network which is responsible for maintaining embryonic stem cell properties: self renewal and pluripotency. (lu.se)
  • Also, under/over-expression studies of the master regulator Oct4 have revealed that some self-renewal/pluripotency as well as differentiation genes are expressed in a biphasic manner with respect to the concentration of Oct4. (lu.se)
  • TFs being expressed and the downstream differentiation target been established as candidates to regulate both pluripotency and genes being shut off [11]. (lu.se)
  • It confers pluripotency on embryonic stem cells and prevents their differentiation towards extraembryonic ENDODERM and trophectoderm (TROPHOBLAST) CELL LINEAGES. (bvsalud.org)
  • abstract = "Evidence exists that cells of mesenchymal origin show a differentiation plasticity that depends on their differentiation state. (uni-luebeck.de)
  • abstract = 'Mitochondrial dysfunction has been demonstrated to result in premature aging due to its effects on stem cells. (ku.dk)
  • The P19 embryonal carcinoma cell line is a useful model cells for studies on cardiac differentiation. (korea.ac.kr)
  • These results suggest that 5-aza treatment could be used as a new method for cardiac differentiation in P19 cells. (korea.ac.kr)
  • Ten-Eleven Translocation Ablation Impairs Cardiac Differentiation of Mouse Embryonic Stem Cells. (bvsalud.org)
  • Single-cell RNA-seq analysis further revealed that Tet deletion resulted in the accumulation of mesoderm progenitors to hamper cardiac differentiation. (bvsalud.org)
  • Dead Cas9 (dCas9)-Tet1CD mediated loci-specific epigenome editing at the Hand1 loci validated the direct involvement of Tet-mediated epigenetic modifications in transcriptional regulation during cardiac differentiation. (bvsalud.org)
  • We disproved past misconceptions in the field about the role of Yap1 concerning its function in ES cell self-renewal, showing that like the inner cell mass, Yap1 is dispensable for long-term maintenance in culture. (utexas.edu)
  • Our comparative analysis provides further evidence for similarities and differences between three hESC lines in self-renewal, and spontaneous and directed differentiation. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Furthermore, their propensity for self-renewal, one of the cardinal features of a stem cell, permits cloning at the single cell level and the rational design of ES cell lines, uniformly expressing a desired, mutant phenotype. (ox.ac.uk)
  • A homeodomain protein and transcription regulator that functions in BLASTOCYST INNER CELL MASS and EMBRYONIC STEM CELL proliferation and CELL SELF RENEWAL. (bvsalud.org)
  • Finally, there is a discussion about the mechanisms behind the self-renewal and differentiation of stem cells and the role of stem cells in renewal of the body's tissues. (lu.se)
  • However, the possible differences in proliferation and differentiation capabilities among independently-derived human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) are not well known because of insufficient characterization. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) possess the ability to self-renew in an undifferentiated state in culture while retaining the ability to differentiate into all of the cell types in the human body. (biomedcentral.com)
  • These unique capabilities make hESCs a renewable source of a wide range of cell types for potential use in research and cell-based drug screening and therapies for many diseases. (biomedcentral.com)
  • As a newly discovered acylation modification, crotonylation of non-histone proteins remains largely unexplored, particularly in human embryonic stem cells (hESCs). (bioinfor.com)
  • Finally, we used knocked-down hESCs by shRNA, wild GAPDH and GAPDH mutants to explore potential role of GAPDH crotonylation in regulating human embryonic stem cell differentiation and metabolic switch. (bioinfor.com)
  • We further discovered GAPDH as a key glycolytic enzyme regulated by crotonylation during endodermal differentiation from hESCs. (bioinfor.com)
  • Crotonylation of GAPDH decreased its enzymatic activity thereby leading to reduced glycolysis during endodermal differentiation from hESCs. (bioinfor.com)
  • Cell replacement using human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) derivatives may offer new therapeutic opportunities to replace degenerated neurons and repair damaged circuits. (lu.se)
  • Given this, human pluripotent stem cells, such as human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) and induced pluripo- tent stem cells (hiPSCs), have become a unique cell source for study- ing early human brain development. (lu.se)
  • Fig. 3: Single-cell transcriptomics of dorsal and ventral MiSTR tissues. (nature.com)
  • Mouse embryonic stem (ES) cells are pluripotent cells, meaning that they can give rise to all tissues in the body. (utexas.edu)
  • The fertilized oocyte is totipotent, with resultant blastomeres capable of generating all three primary germ layers, ectoderm, mesoderm, and endoderm, in addition to the extra embryonic tissues. (conditionmed.org)
  • Particularly, human embryonic stem cells (hES cells), which can give rise to all tissues of an organism (Figure A), are used to generate mature cells of the heart (Figure B) allowing us to study radiation/microgravity-induced cardiovascular alterations, which may occur during long-term space missions. (gsi.de)
  • Notch-1, Jagged-1, Jagged-2, and stem cell marker Nanog are expressed in SHED cultured in KGM which may be involved in the differentiation into epithelial-like cells in human dental pulp tissues. (bvsalud.org)
  • Stem cells from human exfoliated deciduous teeth (SHED) are multipotent stem cells derived from the pulp tissues of extracted deciduous teeth 1 . (bvsalud.org)
  • Notch signaling pathway is also involved in the regulation of epithelial cell differentiation in various tissues 5-6 . (bvsalud.org)
  • The stem cells suits human needs, does not cause harm and can be obtained from both adult and fetal does not conflict with religious beliefs, it has tissues, umbilical cord and early embryos. (who.int)
  • and 3) the responses to directed neural differentiation was made between three NIH registered hES cell lines I3 (TE03), I6 (TE06) and BG01V. (biomedcentral.com)
  • All cell lines differentiated into three embryonic germ lineages in embryoid bodies and into neural cell lineages when cultured in neural differentiation medium. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Under the same neural differentiation-promoting conditions, the ability of each cell line to differentiate into neural progenitors varied. (biomedcentral.com)
  • In the present study, a side-by-side comparison of the ability to maintain an undifferentiated state and to self-renew under standard conditions, the ability to spontaneously differentiate into cell types of three germ layers in embryonic bodies, and directed differentiation under neural differentiation-promoting conditions was made between three NIH registered hESC lines I3, I6 and BG01V. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The authors showed that the expression of RYBP and YAF2 decreased and increased, respectively, during neural differentiation of ESCs. (stemcellsciencenews.com)
  • Rybp knockout impaired neural differentiation by activating Wnt signaling and derepressing nonneuroectoderm-associated genes. (stemcellsciencenews.com)
  • We provide detailed protocols for lentiviral transduction, neural differentiation, and subsequent analysis of human embryonic stem cells. (lu.se)
  • Differentiation is a complex process involving actions of ES cell core factors, lineage specific regulators, epigenetic modifications, and chromatin remodelers. (utexas.edu)
  • This screen is capable of analyzing the expression of 48 genes simultaneously across dozens of different samples, and our gene list covers all three germ layers that arise during normal embryonic development, the trophectoderm, and epigenetic regulators of chromatin status. (utexas.edu)
  • Here we test this model by evaluating the impact of MLL3/4 loss on chromatin and transcription during early differentiation of mouse embryonic stem cells. (biomedcentral.com)
  • In the future, this cell culture platform will be further enhanced to enable efficient conversion of mouse and human ESCs to hepatocytes. (ca.gov)
  • The similar differentiation of ESCs across a range of hydrodynamic conditions suggests that controlling EB formation and resultant size may be important for scalable bioprocessing applications, in order to standardize EB morphogenesis. (gladstone.org)
  • Chemical factors such as soluble growth factors and insoluble components of the extracellular matrix are known to affect the differentiation of murine ESCs. (ox.ac.uk)
  • By growing ESCs on flexible polydimethylsiloxane substrates with varying stiffness, we tested the hypothesis that substrate stiffness can influence ESC differentiation. (ox.ac.uk)
  • Ten-eleven Translocation (TET) dioxygenases mediated DNA methylation oxidation plays an important role in regulating the embryonic stem cells (ESCs) differentiation. (bvsalud.org)
  • Herein, we utilized a CRISPR /Cas9 based genome editing method to generate single, double, and triple Tet-deficient mouse ESCs ( mESCs ) and differentiated these cells toward cardiac progenitors. (bvsalud.org)
  • PCGF6-PRC1 bound loci are highly enriched for promoters of germ cell-related genes in mouse embryonic stem cells (ESCs). (ox.ac.uk)
  • Conditional ablation of Pcgf6 in ESCs leads to robust de-repression of such germ cell-related genes, in turn affecting cell growth and viability. (ox.ac.uk)
  • Embryonic definitive endoderm (DE) generates the epithelial compartment of vital organs such as liver, pancreas, and intestine. (uthscsa.edu)
  • However, purification of DE in mammals has not been achieved, limiting the molecular "definition" of endoderm, and hindering our understanding of DE development and attempts to produce endoderm from sources such as embryonic stem (ES) cells. (uthscsa.edu)
  • Here, we describe purification of mouse DE using fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS) and mice harboring a transgene encoding enhanced green fluorescent protein (eGFP) inserted into the Sox17 locus, which is expressed in the embryonic endoderm. (uthscsa.edu)
  • Comparison of patterns of signaling pathway activation in native mouse DE and endoderm-like cells generated from ES cells produced novel culture modifications that generated Sox17-eGFP + progeny whose gene expression resembled DE more closely than achieved with standard methods. (uthscsa.edu)
  • Parallel studies of a new human SOX17-eGFP ES cell line allowed analysis of endoderm differentiation in vitro, leading to culture modifications that enhanced expression of an endoderm-like signature. (uthscsa.edu)
  • The developmental capacity of nuclei taken from differentiating endoderm cells of Xenopus laevis. (springer.com)
  • In particular, an excess of Cdx2 over Oct4 determines the trophectoderm lineage whereas an excess of Gata-6 over Nanog determines differentiation into the endoderm lineage. (lu.se)
  • The model also predicts that reprogramming the network from a differentiated state, in particular the endoderm state, into a stem cell state, is best achieved by over-expressing Nanog, rather than by suppression of differentiation genes such as Gata-6. (lu.se)
  • Citation: Chickarmane V, Peterson C (2008) A Computational Model for Understanding Stem Cell, Trophectoderm and Endoderm Lineage Determination. (lu.se)
  • A unique and essential property of embryonic stem cells is the ability to self-renew and differentiate into multiple cell lineages. (biomedcentral.com)
  • It is also essential to understand how the inherited variation in the sex, stage, quality and genetic background of embryos, as well as environmental influences such as derivation methods and passage procedures can affect the ability of hES cell lines to self-renew and differentiate. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Here, we show that embryonic stem cells differentiate into chondrocytes, which progressively develop into hypertrophic and calcifying cells. (uni-luebeck.de)
  • However, there is also evidence to suggest that undifferentiated cells can both sense the mechanical properties of their environment and differentiate accordingly. (ox.ac.uk)
  • During the development of multicellular organisms, precursor cells for specialized organs need to differentiate in reproducible proportions and in spatially coherent domains. (biologists.com)
  • SHED was able to differentiate into epithelial like cells when cultured in keratinocyte growth medium (KGM) 2 . (bvsalud.org)
  • The have been applied to both the plant and ani- stem cells possess pluripotential charac- mal kingdoms without even stirring a ripple teristics, and can differentiate into various of concern in international conscience [ 2 ]. (who.int)
  • We investigated the role of crotonylation in hESC differentiation by introduce crotonate into the culture medium of GFP tagged LTR7 primed H9 cell and extended pluripotent stem cell lines. (bioinfor.com)
  • In conclusion, we show that chondrocytic cells are able to transdifferentiate into other mesenchymal cells such as osteogenic and adipogenic cell types. (uni-luebeck.de)
  • We also investigate mechanisms of glial cell development and biology to elaborate regenerative medicine approaches in multiple sclerosis . (igbmc.fr)
  • I returned full time to Imperial College in 1999 to take up a lectureship in cell biology and tissue engineering and was also actively involved in establishing the Tissue Engineering Centre. (nottingham.ac.uk)
  • I cover mainly cell biology and physiology. (nottingham.ac.uk)
  • This study reshapes the current understanding of telomerase's function in normal cells,"said Kan Cao, senior author of the study and an associate professor of cell biology and molecular genetics at UMD. (sciencedaily.com)
  • At the core of the network reside Oct4, Sox2 and Nanog, into embryonic stem cells [1,2,3,4,5], have made major inroads which form a self-organized core of the TFs maintaining into stem cell biology. (lu.se)
  • Combining cell biology and electrophysiology, his work has the potential to create personalized disease models for future research. (lu.se)
  • On completion of the course, the students shall be able to · reflect on societal opportunities and consequences arising from developmental biology research and knowledge, and discuss these with individuals in the same education cycle · reflect on current scientific challenges and ethical issues in developmental and stem cell biology research and how this influences society in general. (lu.se)
  • The whole course is based on five week-long modules on selected subjects related to issues concerning developmental biology and stem cells. (lu.se)
  • One of the greatest controversies triggered tissue, a stem cell encoding for heart tissue by the rapid pace of evolution in biology, will eventually develop into heart tissue particularly in genomics and biotechnology, and so on. (who.int)
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  • To use this knowledge to improve beta cell differentiation protocols. (lu.se)
  • Many existing protocols for neuronal differentiation of human pluripotent cells result in heterogeneous cell populations and unsynchronized differentiation, necessitating the development of methods for labeling specific cell populations. (lu.se)
  • However, current protocols for deriving neurons from human pluripotent stem cells give rise to heterogeneous cell populations both in regard to the temporal aspects and the cellular composition. (lu.se)
  • We provide detailed protocols for the generation of lentiviral vectors, the transduction of hES-cells, and their differentia- tion into neurons. (lu.se)
  • Finally, we provide protocols for analyzing these cells through flow cytometry and immunocytochemistry. (lu.se)
  • The idea to use transplants of dopa- ment of protocols that allow generation of fully functional mine-producing cells to substitute for the lost midbrain and safe midbrain dopamine neurons from stem cells. (lu.se)
  • Here, we model early human neural tube development using human embryonic stem cells cultured in a microfluidic device. (nature.com)
  • This has catalyzed research in both early embryogenesis as a model system for mammalian development as well as regenerative medicine as a renewable source of unspecialized cells which can be converted into nearly any cell type required by a patient. (utexas.edu)
  • However, robust and large-scale genome-wide reprogramming of DNA methylome occurs during two critical developmental processes: (1) development of primordial germ cells and (2) pre-implantation embryogenesis. (nature.com)
  • Monkeys have served as one of the most valuable models for understanding DNA methylation dynamics during early embryogenesis in human due to their similarities in genetics and early embryonic development 17 , 18 . (nature.com)
  • Furthermore, due to ethical and legal concerns, very limited techniques can be applied to human embryos to validate some of significant conclusions drawn from descriptive studies regarding human embryonic development. (nature.com)
  • Here, we consider the metabolism of the early embryo through development, and look at the nutrient milieu within the developing stem cell niche. (conditionmed.org)
  • 2020). This places metabolism at the forefront of development and cell state decisions. (conditionmed.org)
  • The developing embryo, from which pluripotent stem cells originate, undergoes a series of dynamic metabolic transitions synchronized to its molecular development. (conditionmed.org)
  • It is only through understanding embryonic metabolism and development that we can derive and maintain different in vitro stem cell states for disease modeling and therapies. (conditionmed.org)
  • Before considering these cells further, it is of utmost physiological importance to consider that these cells arise, during embryonic development, from local gut mesenchyme -- NOT neural crest cells. (wikipedia.org)
  • Embryonic stem cells (ESC) are both a potential source of cells for tissue replacement therapies and an accessible tool to model early embryonic development. (ox.ac.uk)
  • Our results suggest a fundamental role for mechanosensing in mammalian development and illustrate that the mechanical environment should be taken into consideration when engineering implantable scaffolds or when producing therapeutically relevant cell populations in vitro. (ox.ac.uk)
  • We also find a role for PCGF6 in pre- and peri-implantation mouse embryonic development. (ox.ac.uk)
  • This work should accelerate our understanding of mechanisms regulating DE development in mice and humans, and guide further use of ES cells for tissue replacement. (uthscsa.edu)
  • Stem Cells and Development , 21 (12), 2273-2287. (uthscsa.edu)
  • Here we show that Jarid2 is a novel subunit of PRC2 that is required for the co-recruitment of PRC1 and RNAP to genes that regulate development in ES cells. (ox.ac.uk)
  • But it also plays a much more mundane role in regular cell development, and the formation of blood cells and the cells that form the spinal cord in later-stage embryos. (sciencedaily.com)
  • The molecular study of fat cell development in the human body is essential for our understanding of obesity and related diseases. (mdpi.com)
  • Our goal is to decipher the highly diverse functions of vitamin A, its active derivatives (retinoic acids), and the corresponding nuclear receptors (RARs/RXRs), in neural development, aging, and in stem cell control. (igbmc.fr)
  • Our studies of specific retinoid receptors and bioactive metabolites in control of diverse biological processes should contribute to a better understanding of the mechanisms underlying development and function of specific cell types and relevant neural circuits. (igbmc.fr)
  • For this purpose, we use human stem cells that play a pivotal role in tissue development, maintenance and function. (gsi.de)
  • The successful generation of beta cells in vitro and regeneration of pancreatic beta cells in vivo will require a thorough understanding of the pathways that direct the normal development and function of these cells. (lu.se)
  • Understanding the mechanisms underlying embryonic beta cell development will be a prerequisite for the development of a universally available cell replacement therapy in diabetes. (lu.se)
  • In vitro toxicity data of these metabolites derived in the development of validated and accepted in vitro and in silico embryonic stem cell test were used as input in the PBK model to extrapolate in vitro concentration-response curves to predicted approaches is urgently needed. (cdc.gov)
  • Furthermore, the course covers the most important processes in early embryo development, such as fertilisation, cell division, establishment of position information, polarity and asymmetries, and formation of body axes and gastrulation as preconditions for extremity development, regeneration and formation of the body's most important organs. (lu.se)
  • Jmjd3 Controls Mesodermal and Cardiovascular Differentiation of Embryonic Stem Cells. (stembook.org)
  • To investigate the developmental processes that regulate mesoderm induction and specification to the hemangioblast, we generated an embryonic stem cell line with the green fluorescent protein (GFP) targeted to the mesodermal gene, brachyury. (elsevierpure.com)
  • The BMP, Wnt and Nodal signaling requirements for the differentiation of specific mesoderm subtypes in mammals have been mapped in detail, but how FGF shapes mesodermal cell type diversity is not precisely known. (biologists.com)
  • Instead, they show a severely compromised capacity for successful differentiation towards neural or mesodermal fates and failed to correctly initiate lineage-specific gene expression in vitro. (ox.ac.uk)
  • Embryoid-body-like structures were formed after 6 days with 1 μM of 5-aza in a P19 cell monolayer culture, beating cell clusters first observed on day 12, and, the production of beating cell clusters increased by 80.1% (29 of 36-wells) after 18 days. (korea.ac.kr)
  • In clonal cultures of chondrocytes isolated from embryoid bodies, additional mesenchymal cell types expressing adipogenic properties were observed, which suggests that the subcultured chondrocytes indeed exhibit a certain differentiation plasticity. (uni-luebeck.de)
  • Systematic analysis of embryonic stem cell differentiation in hydrodynamic environments with controlled embryoid body size. (gladstone.org)
  • However, previous studies of hydrodynamic cultures have been limited in their ability to distinguish confounding factors that may affect differentiation, including modulation of embryoid body size in response to changes in the hydrodynamic environment. (gladstone.org)
  • In this study, we demonstrate the ability to control and maintain embryoid body (EB) size using a combination of forced aggregation formation and rotary orbital suspension culture, in order to assess the impact of hydrodynamic cultures on ESC differentiation, independent of EB size. (gladstone.org)
  • The blastocyst comprises the inner cell mass (ICM), which gives rise to the three primary germ layers and consequently the fetus, and the trophectoderm (TE), which gives rise to the extraembryonic and placental tissue. (conditionmed.org)
  • An in vitro and in vivo comparison among three different human hepatic stem cell populations. (ca.gov)
  • These findings further strengthen the view that standardized selection strategies will be necessary to obtain defined cell populations for therapeutic applications. (uni-luebeck.de)
  • Co-expression of GFP with the receptor tyrosine kinase Flk1 revealed the emergence of three distinct cell populations, GFP - Flk1 - , GFP + Flk1 - and GFP + Flk1 + cells, which represent a developmental progression ranging from pre-mesoderm to prehemangioblast mesoderm to the hemangioblast. (elsevierpure.com)
  • Here, we address these questions by analyzing the effects of targeted signaling manipulations in differentiating stem cell populations at single-cell resolution. (biologists.com)
  • Although the main cell-cell communication systems that drive and coordinate differentiation in cell populations have been identified, how these systems interact in signaling networks is still not well understood. (biologists.com)
  • Here we describe how microRNA-regulated lentiviral vectors can be used to visualize specific cell populations by exploiting endogenous microRNA expression patterns. (lu.se)
  • To track differentiating cell populations, reporter cell lines generated by homologous recombination (knock-in) or via BAC transgenes have been widely used in mouse cells (5-8 ). (lu.se)
  • Substrate stiffness affects early differentiation events in embryonic stem cells. (ox.ac.uk)
  • However, many sites gain H3K27ac independent of MLL3/4 or H3K4me1 including enhancers regulating key factors in early differentiation. (biomedcentral.com)
  • However, perturbations in the hydrodynamic environment also led to subtle changes in differentiation toward certain lineages, including temporal modulation of gene expression, as well changes in the relative efficiencies of differentiated phenotypes, thereby highlighting important tissue engineering principles that should be considered for implementation in bioreactor design, as well as for directed ESC differentiation. (gladstone.org)
  • SHED has the ability to be differentiated to specific cell lineages such as odontoblasts and osteoblasts as well as epithelial like cells. (bvsalud.org)
  • In this study, we developed a micropatterned co-culture platform for stimulating hepatic differentiation of mouse embryonic stem cells (mESCs). (ca.gov)
  • In the mouse, a transporting epithelium is established around the 8-16-cell stage through a process known as compaction where cell definition is lost and the outer cells of the embryo form tight junctions, giving rise to the blastocyst. (conditionmed.org)
  • The picture to the right shows an isolated Interstitial cell of Cajal from the Myenteric plexus of the mouse small intestine grown in a primary cell culture. (wikipedia.org)
  • We observed a global gain of CpG methylation primarily in H3K4me1-marked nucleosomes during mouse embryonic stem cell differentiation. (huji.ac.il)
  • These studies also produced new FACS methods for purifying DE from nontransgenic mice and mouse ES cell cultures. (uthscsa.edu)
  • In a surprising new finding, scientists have shown that mouse stem cells treated with the drug reverted to an 'embryonic' state. (sciencedaily.com)
  • Now, they're working to see if the MM-401 eraser technique works with human stem cells that bear some resemblance to mouse epiblast stem cells. (sciencedaily.com)
  • miRNA 34a, 100, and 137 modulate differentiation of mouse embryonic stem cells. (nih.gov)
  • Martin GR. Isolation of a pluripotent cell line from early mouse embryos cultured in medium conditioned by teratocarcinoma stem cells. (springer.com)
  • Establishment in culture of pluripotential cells from mouse embryos. (springer.com)
  • physiologically based animals because a mouse embryonic stem cell line is used. (cdc.gov)
  • ES cells have been an invaluable resource for advancing fundamental understanding of global transcriptional and epigenetic regulations, signaling pathways, and noncoding RNA in mammalian systems. (utexas.edu)
  • Our study establishes that Tet-mediated epigenetic remodeling is essential for maintaining proper transcriptional outputs to safeguard mESC -to-cardiac progenitor differentiation. (bvsalud.org)
  • PCGF6 thus links sequence specific target recognition by the MAX/MGA complex to PRC1-dependent transcriptional silencing of germ cell-specific genes in pluripotent stem cells. (ox.ac.uk)
  • Collectively, these data indicate that transcriptional priming of bivalent genes in pluripotent ES cells is Jarid2-dependent, and suggests that priming is critical for subsequent multi-lineage differentiation. (ox.ac.uk)
  • To see if what they observed in mice held true for humans, the team conducted laboratory studies on human skin cells. (sciencedaily.com)
  • Other techniques can reprogram "adult" cells in the human body taken from skin, for example -- but the cells still carry baggage from their previous state. (sciencedaily.com)
  • My research interests focus mainly on stem cells (embryonic, 'adult' and fetal origins) and their applications in tissue engineering, particularly the osteoblast and bone tissue. (nottingham.ac.uk)
  • The developmental capacity of nuclei transplanted from keratinized skin cells of adult frogs. (springer.com)
  • Viable offspring derived from fetal and adult mammalian cells. (springer.com)
  • New research reveals a new role for the enzyme telomerase, which scientists thought was turned off in most normal adult cells, except in cancerous tumors where it promotes unlimited cell division. (sciencedaily.com)
  • The researchers discovered that as normal, healthy adult cells approach cell-death, they produce a burst of telomerase that prevents malignancies and softens the final steps in the aging process. (sciencedaily.com)
  • Telomerase's only known role in normal tissue was to protect certain cells that divide regularly, such as embryonic cells, sperm cells, adult stem cells and immune cells. (sciencedaily.com)
  • The new study found that telomerase reactivates in normal adult cells at a critical point in the aging process. (sciencedaily.com)
  • Our work shows, for the first time, that there is a role for telomerase in adult cells beyond promoting tumor formation. (sciencedaily.com)
  • In normal adult cells, telomerase is turned off and telomeres shorten with every cell division until they reach a critical length. (sciencedaily.com)
  • Before this new work, scientists thought that telomerase expression in most adult cells could only lead to unlimited cell division like that seen in cancerous tumors. (sciencedaily.com)
  • Cao and her colleagues suspected telomerase may have a function in adult cells when they observed dramatic differences in the laboratory among sibling mice with shortened telomeres. (sciencedaily.com)
  • One way we did this was by converting adult fibroblasts, or skin cells, into interneurons. (lu.se)
  • To understand the molecular and cellular mechanisms that control beta cell maturation and function in the embryonic and adult pancreas. (lu.se)
  • Scientists thought telomerase was turned off in all other cells, except in cancerous tumors where it promotes unlimited cell division. (sciencedaily.com)
  • This gain occurred largely in enhancer regions that regulate genes critical for differentiation. (huji.ac.il)
  • Plasticity in the Glucagon Interactome Reveals Novel Proteins That Regulate Glucagon Secretion in α-TC1-6 Cells. (nih.gov)
  • Stem Cell Research & Therapy 14.1 (2023): 63. (bioinfor.com)
  • Andreas Bruzelius defended his Ph.D. thesis 'Generating GABAergic interneurons through reprogramming and differentiation strategies' on Friday, 20 October 2023. (lu.se)
  • However, a profound variation in colony morphology, growth rate, BrdU incorporation, and relative abundance of gene expression in undifferentiated and differentiated states of the cell lines was observed. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Size-controlled EBs maintained at different rotary orbital speeds exhibited similar morphological features and gene expression profiles, consistent with ESC differentiation. (gladstone.org)
  • Analysis of single-cell RNA-seq profiles demonstrated that this heterogeneity correlates with gene expression during differentiation. (huji.ac.il)
  • Enhancers are essential in defining cell fates through the control of cell-type-specific gene expression. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The approach, named microfluidic-controlled stem cell regionalization (MiSTR), exposes pluripotent stem cells to signaling gradients that mimic developmental patterning. (nature.com)
  • The clonal analysis confirmed that the chondrogenic cells change their developmental fate at least into the adipogenic lineage. (uni-luebeck.de)
  • Jarid2 is a PRC2 component in embryonic stem cells required for multi-lineage differentiation and recruitment of PRC1 and RNA Polymerase II to developmental regulators. (ox.ac.uk)
  • The developmental capacity of nuclei taken from intestinal epithelium cells of feeding tadpoles. (springer.com)
  • Developmental Cell. (lu.se)
  • Knowledge on the expression analysis of Notch signaling pathway molecules in SHED cultured in KGM could highlight its involvement in controlling the biological activity of these stem cells, particularly during odontogenesis and other developmental process. (bvsalud.org)
  • The Notch signaling pathway provides important intercellular signaling mechanisms essential for cell fate specification and it regulates differentiation and proliferation of stem or progenitor cells by para-inducing effects 3-4 . (bvsalud.org)
  • However, the molecular mechanisms of how ES cells are differentiated remain much less understood. (utexas.edu)
  • This strategy provides a useful tool for visualization and identification of neural progeny derived from human pluripotent stem cells. (lu.se)
  • It's the first time that scientists have shown they can get stem cells to revert to their original state by erasing specific labels called epigenetic markers. (sciencedaily.com)
  • Using this type of direct conversion approach rather than making them from induced pluripotent stem cells, where they revert into a naïve state, helps to retain the epigenetic age of the patient in the generated interneurons. (lu.se)
  • medical citation needed] ICC also express mechano-sensitive mechanisms that cause these cells to respond to stretch. (wikipedia.org)
  • hES cells also serve as a basis for cerebral organoid models (Figure C) to better understand e.g. the mechanisms of cognitive impairment and radiation necrosis as severe side effects of radiation therapies. (gsi.de)
  • Cao said that the next step for researchers is to find out how telomerase expression is turned on as cells approach critical telomere length and to explore the underlying mechanisms by which telomerase acts as a buffer against the stresses of shortening telomeres. (sciencedaily.com)
  • Mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (MSC) are the ideal source to study fat formation as they are the progenitors of adipocytes. (mdpi.com)
  • Directing hepatic differentiation of embryonic stem cells with protein microarray-based co-cultures. (ca.gov)
  • Studies of mESC and hepatic cell adhesion preferences revealed that mESCs required fibronectin for attachment, while hepatic cells (HepG2) preferred collagen (I) substrate and did not adhere to fibronectin. (ca.gov)
  • Printing columns of collagen (I) and fibronectin spots (300 microm diameter), followed by sequential seeding of the two cell types, allowed the positioning of clusters of mESCs adjacent to groups of hepatic cells within the same microarray. (ca.gov)
  • These micropatterned co-cultures were maintained for up to two weeks in hepatic differentiation media supplemented. (ca.gov)
  • Here we show the bioenergetics profile of human stem cells of embryonic origin differentiating along the hepatic lineage. (ku.dk)
  • Our study reveals especially the transition between hepatic specification and hepatic maturation as dependent on mitochondrial respiration and demonstrates that even though differentiating cells are primarily dependent on glycolysis until induction of hepatocyte maturation, oxidative phosphorylation is essential at all stages of differentiation. (ku.dk)
  • In response to 1 μM of 5-aza, P19 cells expressed bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2), BMP-4, Bmpr1a and Smad1 at day 6 or 9, and also cardiac markers such as GATA-4, Nkx2.5, cardiac troponin I, and desmin were up-regulated in a time-dependent manner after induction of BMP signaling molecules. (korea.ac.kr)
  • The con- is removed and replaced by a nucleus of cept of human cloning has long been in the another cell type, the stem cell will then imagination of many scientists, scholars and be reprogrammed to produce the product fiction writers [ 1 ]. (who.int)
  • Single-cell transcriptomics revealed that rostro-caudal organization was already established at 24 h of differentiation, and that the first markers of a neural-specific transcription program emerged in the rostral cells at 48 h. (nature.com)
  • Sozzi E, Nilsson F, Kajtez J, Parmar M, Fiorenzano A. Generation of Human Ventral Midbrain Organoids Derived from Pluripotent Stem Cells . (lu.se)
  • RNA was reverse-transcribed to obtain the cDNA and then proceeded with PCR using specific primers for the Notch signaling pathway molecules (Notch1, Jagged-1, Jagged-2 and, Hes1) as well as stem cell marker (Nanog). (bvsalud.org)
  • However, realizing this promise requires novel methods for guiding lineage-specific differentiation of stem cells. (ca.gov)
  • emGFP) expression under the control of Nkx2.5 promoter as marker for cardiac progenitor cells , we discovered that Tet1 and Tet2 depletion significantly impaired mESC -to-cardiac progenitor differentiation. (bvsalud.org)
  • Conclusions: The data support the long-term therapeutic potential of ESC-derived human striatal progenitor grafts for the replacement of degenerated striatal neurons in HD and suggest that EE can effectively accelerate the maturation and promote the integration of human striatal cells. (lu.se)
  • However, its low efficacy of differentiation hampers its usefulness. (korea.ac.kr)
  • Fig. 1: Design of the MiSTR cell culture system and establishment of a WNT signaling gradient in hESC-derived tissue. (nature.com)
  • Consistent with previous observations of repressive role of Rbpj, Rbpj serves as a repressor of ES cell core factors in the absence of Notch signaling pathway. (utexas.edu)
  • International bi-monthly journal of cell signaling, tissue protection, and translational research. (conditionmed.org)
  • Nature Biomedical Engineering] Investigators showed that replacement of the extracellular domains of heterodimeric cytokine receptors in T cells with two leucine zipper motifs provided optimal Janus kinase (JAK)/signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) signaling. (stemcellsciencenews.com)
  • This positive autoregulation of FGF signaling, coupled with the repression of BMP signaling, may contribute to the specification of reproducible and coherent cohorts of cells with the same identity via a community effect, both in the embryo and in synthetic embryo-like systems. (biologists.com)
  • Aim: To detect the expression of molecules associated with Notch signaling pathway in stem cells from human exfoliated deciduous teeth (SHED) cultured in specific differentiation medium, namely, keratinocyte growth medium (KGM). (bvsalud.org)
  • Since the Notch signaling pathway molecules play an important role in differentiation of epithelial cells, it is important to identify the presence of notch signaling molecules in SHED during the process of cell differentiation. (bvsalud.org)
  • VM), showed that the recovery of motor functions induced implanted either (1) as a solid piece in the lateral ven- by the grafted fetal dopamine neurons was well cor- tricle6 or a cortical cavity8 adjacent to the denervated related with the extent of graft-derived reinnervation caudate-putamen, or (2) as a crude cell suspension of the host caudate-putamen. (lu.se)
  • Promoters of genes associated with oxidative phosphorylation are preferentially remethylated at the 8-cell stage, suggesting that this mode of energy metabolism may not be favored. (nature.com)
  • Similar uncertainties do Free Two-Day Shipping, Free responsible or academic download Human Embryonic and Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells: Lineage Specific to need robotics, Prime Video, Prime Music, and more. (idealnaja.pl)