• It may occur accidentally in the case of identical twins, which are formed when a fertilized egg splits, creating two or more embryos that carry almost identical DNA. (wikipedia.org)
  • These scientists destroyed the embryos and derived stem cell lines. (nationalrighttolifenews.org)
  • Most embryos…formed one or two pronuclei at the time of removal from TSA, whereas a slightly higher portion of embryos cleaved…suggesting that some SCNT embryos did not exhibit visible pronuclei at the time of examination… Most cleaved embryos developed to the eight-cell stage…but few progressed to compact morula…and blastocyst. (nationalrighttolifenews.org)
  • Activation of embryonic genes and transcription from the transplanted somatic cell nucleus are required for development of SCNT embryos beyond the eight-cell stage…Therefore, these results are consistent with the premise that our modified SCNT protocol supports reprogramming of human somatic cells to the embryonic state. (nationalrighttolifenews.org)
  • A story in News.Com.Au-which runs stories from several Australian newspapers celebrates the cloning breakthrough because it means no embryos are used in the process! (nationalrighttolifenews.org)
  • But it is an important step in research because it doesn't require the use of embryos in creating the type of stem cell capable of transforming into any other type of cell in the body. (nationalrighttolifenews.org)
  • The Los Angeles Times has waded in to the junk biology game, assuring us that no embryos are threatened in human cloning-WHEN THE WHOLE POINT OF HUMAN CLONING IS TO CREATE AN EMBRYO! (nationalrighttolifenews.org)
  • The end may be in sight for the debate over "harvesting" human embryos for their stem-cells in the pursuit of possible medical cures. (stanguthrie.com)
  • Apparently adult stem cells--those cells gotten from human body tissues and not embryos--have the potential to be just as versatile for medical research as ESCs--but without the need to kill nascent human life. (stanguthrie.com)
  • What these scientists can now do is essentially to take any type of cell and turn it into the equivalent of an embryonic stem cell-without needing embryos or egg cells. (stanguthrie.com)
  • In humans, a major roadblock in achieving successful SCNT leading to embryonic stem cells has been the fact that human SCNT embryos fail to progress beyond the eight-cell stage. (news-medical.net)
  • They derived several human embryonic stem cell lines from these cloned embryos whose DNA was an exact match to the adult cell that donated the DNA. (news-medical.net)
  • Scientists want to make cloned human embryos to get embryonic stem cells, which live inside early embryos and have the potential to cure a wide array of diseases. (irfi.org)
  • The Catholic Church has always held that stem-cell research and therapies are morally acceptable, as long as they don't involve the creation and destruction of human embryos. (archstl.org)
  • When a fertilised egg separates into two or more embryos with almost identical DNA, these twins are created. (geminigenetics.com)
  • Embryonic cloning involves separating the cells of an embryo to create several identical embryos. (twig-usa.com)
  • I've been working with mammalian embryos for over 40 years, with some work in my lab specifically focusing on various methods of cloning cattle and other livestock species. (wptv.com)
  • Sometimes the process of cloning by somatic cell nuclear transfer still produces abnormal embryos, most of which die. (wptv.com)
  • Some prohibit only cloning for reproductive purposes and allow the creation of cloned human embryos for research, whereas others prohibit the creation of cloned embryos for any purpose. (who.int)
  • Animals (or embryos) composed of cells of different genetic origin. (nationalacademies.org)
  • Cell lines derived from early embryos that have the potential to differentiate into all types of somatic cells as well as to form germ line cells, and hence whole animals, when injected into early embryos. (nationalacademies.org)
  • After many divisions in culture, this single cell forms a blastocyst (an early stage embryo with about 100 cells) with almost identical DNA to the original donor who provided the adult cell - a genetic clone. (eurostemcell.org)
  • To produce Dolly, the cloned blastocyst was transferred into the womb of a recipient ewe, where it developed and when born quickly became the world's most famous lamb. (eurostemcell.org)
  • In therapeutic cloning, the blastocyst is not transferred to a womb. (eurostemcell.org)
  • Instead, embryonic stem cells are isolated from the cloned blastocyst. (eurostemcell.org)
  • Blastocyst -A preimplantation embryo of about 150 cells. (cellmedicine.com)
  • The blastocyst consists of a sphere made up of an outer layer of cells (the trophectoderm), a fluid-filled cavity (the blastocoel), and a cluster of cells on the interior (the inner cell mass). (cellmedicine.com)
  • Human embryonic stem cell -A type of pluripotent stem cell derived from the inner cell mass of the blastocyst. (cellmedicine.com)
  • Inner cell mass -The cluster of cells inside the blastocyst. (cellmedicine.com)
  • This method grants us the ability to generate a grand population of cloned mice, and each of them would be originated from the same and sole inner cell mass of the blastocyst. (atlasofscience.org)
  • Therapeutic cloning involves the creation of an early-stage embryo (blastocyst) and the removal of stem cells from the developing embryo. (geminigenetics.com)
  • A blastocyst (cloned or not), because it lacks any trace of a nervous system, has no capacity for suffering or conscious experience in any form - the special properties that, in our view, spell the difference between biological tissue and a human life worthy of respect and rights. (wikiquote.org)
  • Most researchers obtain embryonic stem cells from the inner mass of a blastocyst, an embryonic stage when a fertilized egg has divided into 128 cells. (jcpa.org)
  • The stem cells derived from the inner mass of a blastocyst lack the ability to form a fetus when implanted into a woman, but are self-renewing and can be maintained for long periods of time in the laboratory as undifferentiated stem cells. (jcpa.org)
  • Usually all plants are totipotent but in animals only fertilized egg (zygote) and stem cells in the embryonic blastocyst are totipotent. (yourarticlelibrary.com)
  • It may also be part of asexual reproduction, which is a process where a single parent organism produces genetically identical offspring by itself. (wikipedia.org)
  • If artificial cloning and natural cloning both lead to the same result, which is the formation of a clone, that is, an organism with identical or nearly identical genes to another organism, then the plight of This creation is very different between the two creatures. (wikipedia.org)
  • A cloned embryo-like a natural embryo-is an individual organism, a member of its (in this case, human) species. (nationalrighttolifenews.org)
  • These stem cells are genetically matched to the donor organism, holding promise for studying genetic disease. (eurostemcell.org)
  • XI - embryonic stem cells: embryonic cells that are capable of modifying the cells of any organism tissue. (hinxtongroup.org)
  • … "embryo" means a human organism during the first 56 days of its development following fertilization or creation, excluding any time during which its development has been suspended, and includes any cell derived from such an organism that is used for the purpose of creating a human being. (hinxtongroup.org)
  • A clone is an organism that is a genetic copy of an existing one. (who.int)
  • Microenvironment -The molecules and compounds such as nutrients and growth factors in the fluid surrounding a cell in an organism or in the laboratory, which are important in determining the characteristicsof the cell. (cellmedicine.com)
  • SCNT refers to a process that entails transferring somatic cells of an existing organism into the oocyte where the nucleus came from (National Human Genome Research Institute Para 1). (premiumessays.net)
  • A new organism is created by asexual reproduction using a duplicate of a single cell from the parent organism. (geminigenetics.com)
  • This is the most known form of cloning and involves creating a genetically identical replica of a whole organism. (geminigenetics.com)
  • The process of reproductive cloning involves the nucleus of a somatic (body) cell from a donor organism to be cloned being transferred into an egg cell whose nucleus (genetic material) has been removed. (geminigenetics.com)
  • Stem cell research is, in part, a quest to understand cellular differentiation, the process by which a human being develops from one fertilized cell into a multicellular organism composed of over 200 different cell types - for example muscle, nerve, blood cell, or kidney. (jcpa.org)
  • Scientists were initially interested in somatic-cell nuclear transfer as a means of determining whether genes remain functional even after most of them have been switched off as the cells in a developing organism assume their specialized functions as blood cells, muscle cells, and so forth. (who.int)
  • Organism cloning (also called reproductive cloning) refers to the procedure of creating a new multicellular organism, genetically identical to another. (wisdomanswer.com)
  • Cloning or clone reproduction is an in vitro process of obtaining multiple copies of the same organism using molecular biological and genetic engineering techniques. (wisdomanswer.com)
  • Totipotency is the ability of a cell to grow into a complete organism. (yourarticlelibrary.com)
  • DNA is extracted from an organism by breaking its cells, separation of nuclei and rupturing of nuclear envelope. (yourarticlelibrary.com)
  • The various clones representing all the genes of an organism are called gene library of that organism. (yourarticlelibrary.com)
  • The artificial cloning of organisms, sometimes known as reproductive cloning, is often accomplished via somatic-cell nuclear transfer (SCNT), a cloning method in which a viable embryo is created from a somatic cell and an egg cell. (wikipedia.org)
  • The use of embryonic stem cells, which can be produced through SCNT, in some stem cell research has attracted controversy. (wikipedia.org)
  • Once the SCNT is done, the cloning is over. (nationalrighttolifenews.org)
  • The cloning is completed when the SCNT is accomplished. (nationalrighttolifenews.org)
  • Successful somatic-cell nuclear transfer (SCNT) depends on the quality, availability and maturation of the animal's unfertilized oocytes. (nature.com)
  • For SCNT, the chromosomes of the unfertilized canine oocytes were removed by micromanipulation, and a single donor cell was transferred into each enucleated oocyte. (nature.com)
  • Cloning, or somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT), is the technique used to produce Dolly the sheep, the first animal to be produced as a genetic copy of another adult. (eurostemcell.org)
  • One cloning technology that has been developed for mammalian and human cells is somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT). (news-medical.net)
  • SCNT is a method of cloning mammalian cells that can be used to create personalized embryonic stem cells from an adult animal or human. (news-medical.net)
  • This has led to a lot of interest in SCNT, which is best known as the method used to pioneer whole animal cloning technology, such as Dolly the sheep. (news-medical.net)
  • But SCNT can also be used to clone human cells for transplant or other therapies. (news-medical.net)
  • This was the first successful reprogramming of human somatic cells into embryonic stem cells using a cloning technique, SCNT. (news-medical.net)
  • Another successful attempt at human SCNT was made using cells from two adult males. (news-medical.net)
  • Again, Saunders is referring to SCNT as "THE" cloning procedure, when there are many other ways to clone a human being as well, and he is scientifically mis-defining the product of SCNT (i.e., the cloned human embryo). (lifeissues.net)
  • The American Medical Association (AMA) defines human cloning as genetically identical organism's production through a process of somatic cell's nuclear transfer (SCNT). (premiumessays.net)
  • Cloning is commonly used to amplify DNA fragments containing whole genes, but it can also be used to amplify any DNA sequence such as promoters, non-coding sequences and randomly fragmented DNA. (wikipedia.org)
  • This was believed to be due to an inability to activate certain embryonic genes. (news-medical.net)
  • Numerous biological components, including genes, cells, tissues, and even complete creatures like sheep, have been cloned by researchers, and now cat, dog and equine cloning is widely and reliably available via international companies such as our partner, ViaGen Pets & Equine. (geminigenetics.com)
  • The twins share common genes with their parents, but are genetically identical to each other. (geminigenetics.com)
  • The fact that the DNA of a fully differentiated (adult) cell could be stimulated to revert to a condition comparable to that of a newly fertilized egg and to repeat the process of embryonic development demonstrates that all the genes in differentiated cells retain their functional capacity, although only a few are active. (who.int)
  • During differentiation the expression of stem cell specific genes and markers are often lost and cells acquire gene expression profiles of somatic cells or their precursors. (justia.com)
  • Generally, when a stem cell culture is induced to differentiate, the differentiated population is analysed for particular cell types by expression of genes, markers or phenotypic analysis. (justia.com)
  • Methods of inducing differentiation in stem cells and muscle cells produced therefrom may be used for the study of cellular and molecular biology of tissue development, for the discovery of genes and proteins such as differentiation factors that play a role in tissue development and regeneration. (justia.com)
  • In 1996, Dolly the sheep achieved notoriety for being the first mammal cloned from a somatic cell. (wikipedia.org)
  • Figure 1: Dog cloned by somatic-cell nuclear transfer. (nature.com)
  • It became a hot topic in 1996 when Dolly the sheep was cloned via a process called somatic cell nuclear transfer. (archstl.org)
  • In contrast, Dolly was produced by what's called somatic cell nuclear transfer. (wptv.com)
  • By my calculations, Dolly was the single success from 277 tries at somatic cell nuclear transfer. (wptv.com)
  • Somatic-cell nuclear transfer, the technique by which Dolly was created, was first used 40 years ago in research with tadpoles and frogs. (who.int)
  • The nucleus of an adult somatic cell (such as a skin cell) is removed and transferred to an enucleated egg, which is then stimulated with electric current or chemicals to activate cell division. (who.int)
  • if it implants and the pregnancy goes to term, the resulting individual will carry the same nuclear genetic material as the donor of the adult somatic cell. (who.int)
  • HumanPass Wednesday confirmed fingerprinting traces of Snuppy, Hwang's canine clone, matched those of its somatic cell donor, an Afghan hound named Tai, while they demonstrated disparate mitochondrial genotypes. (blogspot.com)
  • The team at OHSU [Oregon Health and Science University], which disclosed its work in a paper published online by Cell, created embryonic stem cells by replacing the nucleus in an unfertilized human egg with the nucleus from a skin cell, then harvesting the resulting stem cells. (nationalrighttolifenews.org)
  • In this procedure, the nucleus of an egg cell is removed and replaced by the nucleus of a cell from another adult. (eurostemcell.org)
  • After being inserted into the egg, the adult cell nucleus is reprogrammed by the host cell. (eurostemcell.org)
  • The cloning method is based on the fact that cytoplasmic factors in mature, metaphase II oocytes are able to reset the identity of a transplanted adult cell nucleus to an embryonic state. (news-medical.net)
  • 7. "[footnote 16]: The cloning procedure supplies the oocyte with a complete set of chromosomes, all of which are contained in the nucleus which is transferred into the denucleated oocyte. (lifeissues.net)
  • DNA -Deoxyribonucleic acid, a chemical found primarily in the nucleus of cells. (cellmedicine.com)
  • The DNA within the skin sample is cultured and inserted into a donor egg cell whose nucleus (genetic material) has been removed. (geminigenetics.com)
  • The surrogate mum carries the cloned pet for the gestation period and once ready, gives birth to the clone who will be an identical genetic twin to the original pet whose skin sample was used to make the nucleus of the donor egg cell. (geminigenetics.com)
  • Fusion cell cloning involves removing the nucleus of an egg and replacing this with a cell nucleus of a donor. (twig-usa.com)
  • In this process, researchers remove the genetic material from an egg and replace it with the nucleus of some other body cell. (wptv.com)
  • However, an animal created through this technique would not be a precise genetic copy of the source of its nuclear DNA because each clone derives a small amount of its DNA from the mitochondria of the egg (which lie outside the nucleus) rather than from the donor of cell nucleus. (who.int)
  • Thus, the clone would be genetically identical to the nucleus donor only if the egg came from the same donor or from her maternal line. (who.int)
  • An egg cell from which the nucleus has been removed mechanically. (nationalacademies.org)
  • Here we constructed a pan-cancer epigenetic and transcriptomic atlas using single-nucleus chromatin accessibility data (using single-nucleus assay for transposase-accessible chromatin) from 225 samples and matched single-cell or single-nucleus RNA-sequencing expression data from 206 samples. (bvsalud.org)
  • Asexual reproduction is a natural method used by certain plants, bacteria, and single-celled creatures to create genetically identical offspring, i.e. clones. (geminigenetics.com)
  • Cloning occurs naturally in asexual reproduction in plants and animals, and in human reproduction when genetically identical twins are produced. (twig-usa.com)
  • Clones are genetically identical and occur naturally in asexual reproduction in bacteria and in plants. (twig-usa.com)
  • Plant cloning, such as the use of plant tissue culture techniques, is an asexual reproduction of plants to produce duplicates from one plant specimen. (wisdomanswer.com)
  • Is cloning asexual reproduction? (wisdomanswer.com)
  • In essence this form of cloning is an asexual method of reproduction, where fertilization or inter-gamete contact does not take place. (wisdomanswer.com)
  • Clones are cells that have come from asexual reproduction or a parent cell. (wisdomanswer.com)
  • What's the difference between Clone reproduction and asexual reproduction? (wisdomanswer.com)
  • The key difference between asexual reproduction and clone reproduction is the setting of the process. (wisdomanswer.com)
  • Differentiation -The process whereby an unspecialized early embryonic cell acquires the features of a specialized cell such as a heart, liver, or muscle cell. (cellmedicine.com)
  • Cloning is the process of producing individual organisms with identical genomes, either by natural or artificial means. (wikipedia.org)
  • In the field of biotechnology, cloning is the process of creating cloned organisms of cells and of DNA fragments. (wikipedia.org)
  • Natural cloning occurs through a variety of natural mechanisms, from single-celled organisms to complex multicellular organisms. (wikipedia.org)
  • In biology , cloning is the process of producing similar populations of genetically identical individuals that occurs in nature when organisms such as bacteria , insects or plants reproduce asexually . (wikiquote.org)
  • Cloning in biotechnology refers to processes used to create copies of DNA fragments ( molecular cloning ), cells (cell cloning), or organisms . (wikiquote.org)
  • The resulting clones are genetically identical organisms containing the recombinant DNA. (thehealthboard.com)
  • The term applies not only to entire organisms but also to copies of molecules (such as DNA) and cells. (who.int)
  • The researchers stopped well short of creating a human clone. (nationalrighttolifenews.org)
  • US researchers have reported a breakthrough in stem cell research, describing how they have turned human skin cells into embryonic stem cells for the first time. (nationalrighttolifenews.org)
  • The stem cells could be studied in the laboratory to help researchers understand what goes wrong in diseases like these. (eurostemcell.org)
  • Such "guidelines" will ensure that stem cell researchers are not treated poorly as was Hwang when he was eventually found guilty of falsifying his data. (lifeissues.net)
  • We suggest the stem cell researchers all over the world to investigate the applicability of iPSCs and tissue specific stem cells for therapeutic applications and take advantage of this model. (atlasofscience.org)
  • The endgame was never meant to be armies of genetically identical livestock: Rather, researchers continue to refine the techniques and combine them with other methods to turbocharge traditional animal breeding methods as well as gain insights into aging and disease. (wptv.com)
  • Once scientists and researchers realized stem cell potential, they aimed to create therapies and treatments to replace and rebuild. (proficientwriters.net)
  • Bone marrow stromal cells -A stem cell found in bone marrow that generates bone, cartilage, fat, and fibrous connective tissue. (cellmedicine.com)
  • Mesenchymal stem cells -Cells from the immature embryonic connective tissue. (cellmedicine.com)
  • In vivo 2-color multiphoton imaging of genetic… Fibroblasts are cells that synthesize collagen and support the maintenance of connective tissue in the skin, tendons, and joints. (atlasofscience.org)
  • Embryonic stem cells -Primitive (undifferentiated) cells from the embryo that have the potential to become a wide variety of specialized cell types. (cellmedicine.com)
  • In addition, specific proteins or biological substances can be added to these stem cell cultures to transform them in the laboratory into a large variety of specialized cell types, such as nerve, liver, muscle, bone, and blood cells. (jcpa.org)
  • Scientists have used cloning technology to transform human skin cells into embryonic stem cells, an experiment that may revive the controversy over human cloning. (nationalrighttolifenews.org)
  • The method described on Wednesday by Oregon State University scientists in the journal Cell, would not likely be able to create human clones, said Shoukhrat Mitalipov, senior scientist at the Oregon National Primate Research Center. (nationalrighttolifenews.org)
  • For instance, he wonders-just an intellectual puzzle, he assures me, that he would never want to do-What would happen if scientists injected human stem cells into a monkey embryo? (discovermagazine.com)
  • 1. Cloning is an umbrella term traditionally used by scientists to describe different processes for duplicating biological material. (who.int)
  • In the middle of the year 2001 a group of scientists said cloning humans might be easier than cloning animals. (irfi.org)
  • Many scientists were dismayed and scientists involved in animal cloning warned of the many practical problems in cloning. (irfi.org)
  • Scientists at Duke University Medical Center in North Carolina say the reason of all these problems may be one specific gene, which is responsible for controlling the way in which cells grow. (irfi.org)
  • The new work by scientists in Pittsburgh provides an explanation for why hundreds of attempts to clone monkeys have all failed despite successes in several other mammals. (irfi.org)
  • In the light of this information, Congress could settle for less stringent restrictions on embryo cloning studies, which scientists favor. (irfi.org)
  • The newly discovered obstacle makes it more likely than ever that rogue scientists' recent claims to have created cloned babies were fraud. (irfi.org)
  • This policy is similar to that of other countries, including Israel, where scientists are funded by Government to study embryonic stem cells despite the aforementioned bioethical issue. (jcpa.org)
  • It's been 20 years since scientists in Scotland told the world about Dolly the sheep , the first mammal successfully cloned from an adult body cell. (wptv.com)
  • Dolly was an important milestone, inspiring scientists to continue improving cloning technology as well as to pursue new concepts in stem cell research. (wptv.com)
  • This long-sought technique may eventually let doctors create replacement cells for a wide variety of tissues from bits of a patient's own skin. (nationalrighttolifenews.org)
  • Cloning of human cells is a technology that holds the potential to cure many diseases and provide a source of exactly matched transplant tissues and organs. (news-medical.net)
  • Astrocyte -One of the large neuroglia cells of neural tissues. (cellmedicine.com)
  • Cell-based therapies -treatment in which stem cells are induced to differentiate into the specific cell type required to repair damaged or depleted adult cell populations or tissues. (cellmedicine.com)
  • Cloning also entails organs and tissues production through cell implantation in cultures with the real embryo that will be born. (premiumessays.net)
  • Some cells differentiate to become stem cells which produce tissues and tissues develop to become organs (National Human Genome Research Institute Para 2). (premiumessays.net)
  • Dec. 29, 2005 -- South Korean laboratories used by scientist Hwang Woo Suk no longer have any stem cells created from patients' tissues, the result of the researcher's landmark May 2005 paper, the Seoul National University said. (blogspot.com)
  • Transplantation of cells, tissues, or organs from another member of the same species. (nationalacademies.org)
  • Therapeutic cloning produces embryonic stem cells for experiments aimed at creating tissues to replace injured or diseased tissues. (wisdomanswer.com)
  • Adult stem cell -An undifferentiated cell found in a differentiated tissue that can renew itself and (with certain limitations) differentiate to yield all the specialized cell types of the tissue from which it originated. (cellmedicine.com)
  • In addition, the iPSCs and their derivative tissue-specific stem cells should not form tumor. (atlasofscience.org)
  • Firstly, we can test immuno-rejection of iPSCs and various tissue specific stem cells, and to select suitable stem cell lines for transplantation. (atlasofscience.org)
  • Therapeutic cloning refers to the production of embryonic stem cells for medicinal reasons, for example regenerative medicine and tissue replacement. (geminigenetics.com)
  • If there are intact cells in this tissue they have been 'stored' frozen. (wikiquote.org)
  • It is also our view that there are no sound reasons for treating the early-stage human embryo or cloned human embryo as anything special, or as having moral status greater than human somatic cells in tissue culture. (wikiquote.org)
  • What was special about Dolly is that her "parents" were actually a single cell originating from mammary tissue of an adult ewe. (wptv.com)
  • and altering cell and tissue characteristics for biomedical research and manufacturing. (nationalacademies.org)
  • Embryonic stem (ES) cells are derived from the embryo and are pluripotent, thus possessing the capability of developing into any organ, cell type or tissue type. (justia.com)
  • What is the advantage of cloning plants using tissue culture? (wisdomanswer.com)
  • The technique of plant tissue culture involves micropropagation and plant cell culture. (wisdomanswer.com)
  • Plant tissue culture Totipotency is the ability of plant cells, where a cell can change to a meristematic state and can be differentiated into a whole plant. (wisdomanswer.com)
  • This property of plant cells has an advantage over Animal cell tissue culture. (wisdomanswer.com)
  • How are clones produced in plant tissue culture? (wisdomanswer.com)
  • By using the plant tissue culture process, these clones can be produced in quick succession and with uniformity - making it simpler for producers to supply consistent quality products on-demand. (wisdomanswer.com)
  • Plant tissue can be similarly taken in liquid nutrient medium and shaken mechanically when cells separate. (yourarticlelibrary.com)
  • METHOD: With patient-derived bone marrow hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs), we engrafted a patient's hematopoietic system in MISTRG6 mice, followed by transfer of patient-derived xenograft (PDX) tissue, providing a fully genetically matched model to recapitulate the individual's TME. (bvsalud.org)
  • As such, cloning refers to a procedure via which the production of a baby with a genetic factor that is identical to that of the parents occurs. (premiumessays.net)
  • Most natural cloning occurs in those species that produce their descendants asexually, that is, without combining the male and female genetic material. (who.int)
  • Cloning occurs naturally in asexually reproducing mi-crobes and vegetatively multiplying plants. (yourarticlelibrary.com)
  • 2. Nuclear transfer is a technique used to duplicate genetic material by creating an embryo through the transfer and fusion of a diploid cell in an enucleated female oocyte.2 Cloning has a broader meaning than nuclear transfer as it also involves gene replication and natural or induced embryo splitting (see Annex 1). (who.int)
  • Another example of artificial cloning is molecular cloning, a technique in molecular biology in which a single living cell is used to clone a large population of cells that contain identical DNA molecules. (wikipedia.org)
  • The main difference between the two is that natural cloning does not involve any human intervention, whereas artificial cloning is a genetic engineering technique. (wikipedia.org)
  • Cell culture -Growth of cells in vitro on an artificial medium for experimental research. (cellmedicine.com)
  • Though pet cloning may be considered a relatively new technology, the process of cloning as defined above is first documented in 1885, where Hans Adolf Eduard Driesch demonstrated artificial embryo twinning on a sea-urchin. (geminigenetics.com)
  • A look at natural cloning and the main artificial cloning techniques devised by man, including embryo transplant and fusion cell cloning. (twig-usa.com)
  • Artificial cloning techniques include: embryonic cloning and fusion cell cloning. (twig-usa.com)
  • Artificial cloning has been achieved in higher animals. (yourarticlelibrary.com)
  • We generated a transgenic (Tg) mouse line expressing Cre recombinase under the control of the Gpr88 promoter within a bacterial artificial chromosome clone. (shengsci.com)
  • There are also naturally occurring clones among animal populations. (geminigenetics.com)
  • As well as their distinctive white markings and long curved horns, these cattle are special because they are now considered a herd of naturally occurring clones. (geminigenetics.com)
  • Developments in biotechnology have raised new concerns about animal welfare, as farm animals now have their genomes modified (genetically engineered) or copied (cloned) to propagate certain traits useful to agribusiness, such as meat yield or feed conversion. (wikiquote.org)
  • In sexual reproduction, clones are created when a fertilized egg splits to produce identical (monozygous) twins with identical genomes. (who.int)
  • Dolly was the culmination of hundreds of cloning experiments that, for example, showed diploid embryonic and fetal cells could be parents of offspring. (wptv.com)
  • … "human clone" means an embryo that, as a result of the manipulation of human reproductive material or an in vitro embryo, contains a diploid set of chromosomes obtained from a single - living or deceased - human being, fetus, or embryo. (hinxtongroup.org)
  • Embryonic stem cell line -Embryonic stem cells, which have been cultured under in vitro conditions that allow proliferation without differentiation for months to years. (cellmedicine.com)
  • DNA cloning - also known as molecular cloning, gene cloning and recombinant DNA technology - refers to the process of creating multiple copies of an isolated DNA fragment or fragments by in vitro or in vivo methods. (thehealthboard.com)
  • The stem cells in storage at Hwang's laboratories at the university were all derived from the fertility clinic MizMedi's blastocysts, which were generated by in vitro fertilization . (blogspot.com)
  • The induction of a specific differentiated cell type can be useful for transplantation or drug screening and drug discovery in vitro. (justia.com)
  • A Korean institute Wednesday, Dec. 27, said that its DNA tests proved Prof. Hwang Woo-suk at Seoul National University (SNU) had successfully cloned a dog. (blogspot.com)
  • Molecular cloning refers to the process of making multiple molecules. (wikipedia.org)
  • The word "cloning" refers to a variety of procedures that may be used to create biological copies that are genetically identical to the original. (geminigenetics.com)
  • Molecular cloning refers to the production of multiple copies of a DNA fragment or gene. (geminigenetics.com)
  • Gene cloning refers to the identification and duplication of a single gene or a DNA segment, for the intention of investigating its function or creating a particular protein. (geminigenetics.com)
  • Retrieved on December 04, 2023 from https://www.news-medical.net/life-sciences/Cloning-Human-Cells.aspx. (news-medical.net)
  • Otherwise, such a treaty would not recognize the inherent human nature of the early human embryo or fetus until after birth , and thus cloning them and using them for research - both "therapeutic" and "reproductive" -- would not be banned, and women undergoing "infertility treatments" could surely be put in danger. (lifeissues.net)
  • Embryonic germ cells -Cells found in a specific part of the embryo/fetus called the gonadal ridge that normally develop into mature gametes. (cellmedicine.com)
  • These cells give rise to the embryonic disk of the later embryo and, ultimately, the fetus. (cellmedicine.com)
  • Similarly, when the fertilized egg divides from two cells into four cells, each of these four cells has the potential to individually form a human fetus. (jcpa.org)
  • However, by the time the fertilized egg divides into 8 or 16 cells something changes and each respective cell, if separated, no longer has the potential to create a fetus. (jcpa.org)
  • But there was no way to easily know all the characteristics of the animal that would result from a cloned embryo or fetus. (wptv.com)
  • Cloning has been suggested as a method by which extinct human populations, like Neanderthals, could be revived. (thehealthboard.com)
  • After the two parts are joined, the plasmid with the DNA insert is inserted into host bacterial or mammalian cells. (thehealthboard.com)
  • Although many species produce clonal offspring in this fashion, Dolly, the lamb born in 1996 at a research institute in Scotland, was the first asexually produced mammalian clone. (who.int)
  • When the cloning process is used in this way, to produce a living duplicate of an existing animal, it is commonly called reproductive cloning. (eurostemcell.org)
  • In most countries, it is illegal to attempt reproductive cloning in humans. (eurostemcell.org)
  • Since the term "born" has been used as an essential part of the definition of " reproductive cloning " used by Weissman, the National Academy of Sciences, etc., then it is critical to use the accurate term with the proper meaning. (lifeissues.net)
  • 2. Over the years, the international community has tried without success to build a consensus on an international convention against the reproductive cloning of human beings. (who.int)
  • 3. Creating awareness among ministries of health in the African Region will provide them with critical and relevant information on the reproductive cloning of human beings and its implications to the health status of the general population. (who.int)
  • 7. The WHO Regional Committee for Africa is invited to review this document for information and guidance concerning reproductive cloning of human beings. (who.int)
  • 3. Media reports on nuclear transfer are usually about one form, reproductive nuclear transfer, also known as reproductive cloning of human beings . (who.int)
  • 5. In 2001, France and Germany requested the United Nations General Assembly to develop international conventions on human reproductive cloning, therapeutic cloning and research on stem cells. (who.int)
  • The cloning of 'Dolly The Sheep' in 1996 by the Rosalind Institute in Scotland, UK, is the most recognised example of reproductive cloning. (geminigenetics.com)
  • Reproductive cloning is expensive and highly inefficient. (wikiquote.org)
  • 3. National regulations of governance of human cloning and embryo research in general adopted so far confirm the convergence of views of the refusal to adopt legislation or guidelines permitting reproductive cloning , while they still show variations on the legitimacy of human cloning carried out as part of research agendas. (lifeissues.net)
  • Apart from DNA cloning, two other main cloning types are reproductive cloning, which is concerned with human and animal cloning, and therapeutic cloning, concerned with embryonic cloning to harvest stem cells for research and potential medical treatment purposes. (thehealthboard.com)
  • Elaboration of an international convention against reproductive cloning of human beings has been under consideration in the United Nations since December 2001 when the subject was included in the agenda of the fifty- sixth session as a supplementary agenda item at the request of France and Germany. (who.int)
  • What's the difference between therapeutic cloning and reproductive cloning? (wisdomanswer.com)
  • However, a number of other features are needed, and a variety of specialised cloning vectors (small piece of DNA into which a foreign DNA fragment can be inserted) exist that allow protein production, affinity tagging, single-stranded RNA or DNA production and a host of other molecular biology tools. (wikipedia.org)
  • He stayed on to earn his Ph.D. in molecular biology at Cambridge, training under the legendary geneticist John Gurdon, whose breakthroughs in the 1950s and 1960s were key to the experiments performed by Ian Wilmut, a Gurdon student who cloned Dolly the sheep in 1997. (discovermagazine.com)
  • However, the molecular pathways that lead to specification and terminal differentiation of specific cell types, such as myocytes, from embryonic stem cells during development are not entirely clear. (justia.com)
  • Defines both molecular clones and whole-animal clones. (nationalacademies.org)
  • The transfected cells are cultured and proliferation of the recombinant DNA takes place. (thehealthboard.com)
  • Cloning is an important process in Recombinant DNA technology. (wisdomanswer.com)
  • i) Multiplication of cells having rDNA (recombinant DNA) and obtaining the required product like enzyme, hormone, antibody, etc. in good quantity, e.g., insulin, monoclonal antibodies. (yourarticlelibrary.com)
  • It seems that a little knowledge is a dangerous thing, and the authors have allowed themselves to over-interpretate their interesting results,' said Professor Ian Wilmut of the Roslin Institute, in Edinburgh, leader of the team, which cloned Dolly the sheep. (irfi.org)
  • WHA50.37 of 1997 argues that human cloning is ethically unacceptable and contrary to human integrity and morality. (who.int)
  • General Assembly the following year,3 and the World Medical Association's Resolution on Cloning, endorsed in 1997, have confronted the issue but lack binding legal force. (who.int)
  • These germ cells are the only ones in the body that have their genetic material all jumbled up and in half the quantity of every other kind of cell. (wptv.com)
  • Cloning DNA is helpful in getting an insight into an organism's genetic make-up and how this affects and influences the organism's life processes. (thehealthboard.com)
  • On April 11, 2003, Washington Post Staff Writer, Rick Weiss, reported 'New research suggests that it may be a lot harder to clone people than to clone other animals, an unexpected scientific twist that could influence the escalating congressional debate over human cloning and embryo research. (irfi.org)
  • But opponents of human embryo research were afraid that the new research not only identifies previously unrecognized hurdles to human cloning, but also points the way to overcoming those hurdles. (irfi.org)
  • increased public sensitivity and awareness together with the development of national regulations of governance of human cloning and embryo research in general. (lifeissues.net)
  • Here we describe the cloning of two Afghan hounds by nuclear transfer from adult skin cells into oocytes that had matured in vivo . (nature.com)
  • For example, stem cells could be generated using the nuclear transfer process described above, with the donor adult cell coming from a patient with diabetes or Alzheimer's. (eurostemcell.org)
  • More than 100 nuclear transfer procedures could be required to produce one viable clone. (wikiquote.org)
  • The advent of techniques to propagate animals by nuclear transfer, also known as cloning, potentially offers many important applications to animal agriculture, including reproducing highly desired elite sires and dams. (nationalacademies.org)
  • The adult cell nuclei were transferred into metaphase-II stage human oocytes, producing a karyotypically normal diploid embryonic stem cell line from each of the adult male donor cells. (news-medical.net)
  • Even the world's most famous sheep clone, Dolly, who died recently suffered from problems linked to this gene. (irfi.org)
  • See "Review of Critical Article: Cobbe, 'Why the apparent haste to clone humans? (lifeissues.net)
  • An Italian fertility doctor, Dr. Severino Antinori announced his intention to clone humans, so that he can help infertile couples to have children. (irfi.org)
  • I hope that this will not be used to give encouragement to those who wish to clone humans,' he said. (irfi.org)
  • You can't say, taking this information in isolation, that it's easier to clone primates and humans,' he said. (irfi.org)
  • Humans and other mammals may produce natural clones, commonly referred to as identical twins. (geminigenetics.com)
  • Cloning can also occur in human reproduction, when a fertilized egg cell breaks in half, resulting in identical twins. (twig-usa.com)
  • Monozy-gotic identical twins are also clones as they are formed by split up of the early 2 or more celled embryo into two equal parts. (yourarticlelibrary.com)
  • What is cloning, and what does it have to do with stem cell research? (eurostemcell.org)
  • This form of cloning is unrelated to stem cell research. (eurostemcell.org)
  • Such is the fate of two entire fields of academia intertwined in the current issue of human embryonic stem cell research. (lifeissues.net)
  • See Irving, "Human Embryonic Stem Cell Research: Are official positions based on scientific fraud? (lifeissues.net)
  • This is because embryonic research presents a problem of morals as it causes tension between the vital moral doctrines which the society values the most (ESC Para 1). (premiumessays.net)
  • That's why Father Pacholczyk, director of education at the National Catholic Bioethics Center in Philadelphia, said that the efforts to help people understand the immorality of embryo reserch, including human cloning, must focus on humanizing the issue and appreciating our own embryonic origins, not just on the desired results of embryonic or other types of stem-cell research. (archstl.org)
  • A decade later, cloning came to the forefront in Missouri with the narrow passage of Amendment 2, a ballot initiative in 2006 that constitutionally protects embryonic stem-cell research and human cloning. (archstl.org)
  • The Church also supports research and therapies using adult stem cells, which are cells that come from any person who has been born - including umbilical cord blood, bone marrow, skin and other organs. (archstl.org)
  • This discovery not only laid the foundation for the research field of reprogramming, but also provided priceless sources for stem cell transplantation. (atlasofscience.org)
  • In order to better appreciate the role of stem cell research in reproductive medicine, there is a need to understand the critical biological principles of stem cell research and its potential applications to medicine. (jcpa.org)
  • While there is a great deal published on the potential medical applications of stem cell research to treat or cure diseases such as diabetes, Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, cancer, and heart disease, much less has been published on the future impact of stem cell research in reproductive medicine. (jcpa.org)
  • The destruction of the pre-embryo has been the critical issue in the U.S. behind imposing limits on federal government-sponsored research in embryonic stem cells. (jcpa.org)
  • In 2009, in a major reversal of U.S. policy, President Obama signed an executive order pledging to "vigorously support" embryonic stem cell research. (jcpa.org)
  • The use of various types of stem cells for research purposes to make disease "models" in the lab for regenerative medicine and for "therapies" to cure sick patients for diseases is constantly in the news. (lifeissues.net)
  • In particular, scientific developments in areas such as iPS cells open new possibilities of research and, at mid term, of therapeutic applications, but they also bring new ethical challenges and problems requiring further reflection and debate. (lifeissues.net)
  • I. Introduction The progress of stem cell research was a significant turning point in history and certainly caught the attention of scientific medicine. (proficientwriters.net)
  • Stem cell research is being followed to achieve medical developments and breakthroughs in science. (proficientwriters.net)
  • Snuppy was cast under suspicion following revelations that the Korean scientist had fabricated his stem cell research. (blogspot.com)
  • It brightens the prospects that his team retains the source technologies for stem cell research," Park said. (blogspot.com)
  • ``The patient-matching stem cells no longer exist,'' Roe Jung Hye, dean of research of affairs at the university, said in an e-mailed statement. (blogspot.com)
  • The university has been conducting a probe on Hwang and his research since Dec. 16, including genetic tests on stem cells being stored at the laboratories. (blogspot.com)
  • Coined by Herbert J. Webber, the term clone derives from the Ancient Greek word κλών (klōn), twig, which is the process whereby a new plant is created from a twig. (wikipedia.org)
  • After that, the question becomes not whether to clone, but what to do with the embryo that was created through the cloning process. (nationalrighttolifenews.org)
  • This continuous process allows a population of cells to increase in number or maintain its numbers. (cellmedicine.com)
  • Pet cloning is the process where a genetically identical twin is created of your original animal companion. (geminigenetics.com)
  • The predominant bioethical concern arising from this technology is that the blastocyt-stage embryo must be destroyed in the process of isolating and separating the embryonic stem cells from the inner mass region of the pre-embryo. (jcpa.org)
  • The process of differentiation in stem cells involves selective development of immature cells to committed and fully mature cells of various lineages. (justia.com)
  • Gene cloning, also known as DNA cloning, is a very different process from reproductive and therapeutic cloning. (wisdomanswer.com)
  • This is part of the natural aging process that seems to happen in all cell types. (wisdomanswer.com)
  • depictions commonly involve themes related to identity, the recreation of historical figures or extinct species, or cloning for exploitation (i.e. cloning soldiers for warfare). (wikipedia.org)
  • A subsequent electrophysiology-based genetic screen identifies the first known heterozygous mutations that commonly genetically interact with multiple ASD gene orthologs, causing PHP to fail. (sdbonline.org)
  • Directed differentiation -Manipulating stem cell culture conditions to induce differentiation into a particular cell type. (cellmedicine.com)
  • culturing a stem cell in the presence of an embryonic cell and/or extracellular medium of an embryonic cell, under conditions that induce differentiation of the stem cell. (justia.com)
  • These cells have been sought after as potential therapies for diseases ranging from heart disease to Parkinson's to cancer. (news-medical.net)
  • Father Tad Pacholczyk is convinced that embryonic stem cells will someday cure diseases. (archstl.org)
  • The recovered stem cells can then be used in the treatment of diseases and to aid the recovery of injuries. (geminigenetics.com)
  • Claims that you could clone individual treatments of human beings to treat common diseases like diabetes, suggests you need a huge supply of human eggs. (wikiquote.org)
  • The plant can also be genetically altered so that it becomes immune to certain diseases and viruses. (wisdomanswer.com)
  • The term "clone", from the Greek word for twig, denotes a group of identical entities. (who.int)
  • In particular, the induction of stem cells to differentiate into muscle cells (myocytes) is useful for muscle transplantation and therapeutic purposes, as well as providing potential human disease models in culture (e.g. for testing pharmaceuticals). (justia.com)
  • Although attempts have not yet been made to create a therapeutic transplant from embryonic stem cells, the methods have been developed to allow the creation of functional, mature cells using human cell cloning technology. (news-medical.net)
  • Detailed descriptions of methods used in animal cloning and biotechnology are provided in the report Animal Biotechnology: Science-Based Concerns (NRC, 2002). (nationalacademies.org)
  • As such, when a person opts to clone their embryo in order to produce stem cells that can be used for therapeutic purposes that will prolong life, they violate one of these moral principles which entail protecting human life as a duty. (premiumessays.net)
  • The present invention also provides methods of using the differentiated cells of the present invention for therapeutic purposes. (justia.com)