Embryonic stem cells induce epigenetic adult mammalian cells. Medical search. Frequent questions

Potency is also described as the gene activation potential within a cell, which like a continuum, begins with totipotency to designate a cell with the most differentiation potential, pluripotency, multipotency, oligopotency, and finally unipotency. (wikipedia.org)
In the spectrum of cell potency, totipotency represents the cell with the greatest differentiation potential, being able to differentiate into any embryonic cell, as well as any extraembryonic cell. (wikipedia.org)
Therefore, we use a combination of the mouse model and human cells to dissect the molecular basis of stem cell function and differentiation toward adult tissues. (ca.gov)
We have found these small RNAs are essential for normal mammalian development and growth and differentiation of stem cells. (ca.gov)
We have also been studying how microRNAs are used shortly after fertilization first to maintain pluripotency (the ability to make all cells of the body) and then to promote differentiation into what eventually will become all the adult tissues. (ca.gov)
Ideally, iPSC-based therapies in the future will rely on the isolation of skin fibroblasts or keratinocytes, their reprogramming into iPSCs, and the correction of the genetic defect followed by differentiation into the desired cell type and transplantation. (biomedcentral.com)
Deletion of HP1β, but not HP1α, in ESCs provokes a loss of the morphological and proliferative characteristics of embryonic pluripotent cells, reduces expression of pluripotency factors and causes aberrant differentiation. (biomedcentral.com)
However, in differentiated cells, loss of HP1β has the opposite effect, perturbing maintenance of the differentiation state and facilitating reprogramming to an induced pluripotent state. (biomedcentral.com)
We demonstrate an unexpected duality in the role of HP1β: it is essential in ESCs for maintaining pluripotency, while it is required for proper differentiation in differentiated cells. (biomedcentral.com)
This unique duality makes them an attractive system for potential regenerative medicine and cell therapies, but also for differentiation studies in vitro and for modeling diseases. (biomedcentral.com)
Despite significant advances in understanding nephron segment patterning, many questions remain about the underlying genes and signaling pathways that orchestrate renal progenitor cell fate choices and regulate differentiation. (mdpi.com)
The dynamics of RACK1 levels in isolated adult SC of mice, i.e., progressively high during differentiation and low compared to proliferating conditions, and RACK1 silencing indicated that RACK1 promotes both the formation of myotubes and the accretion of nascent myotubes. (sdbonline.org)
Histone modifications and chromatin-associated protein complexes are crucially involved in the control of gene expression, supervising cell fate decisions and differentiation. (researchgate.net)
Background: Bivalent chromatin domains consisting of the activating histone 3 lysine 4 trimethylation (H3K4me3) and repressive histone 3 lysine 27 trimethylation (H3K27me3) histone modifications are enriched at developmental genes that are repressed in embryonic stem cells but active during differentiation. (researchgate.net)
Cell fate decisions, including events that occur naturally (e.g., development, differentiation, regeneration, and homeostasis) and experimentally (e.g., reprogramming to induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells, directed differentiation, transdifferentiation), are typically mediated by transcription factors in concert with epigenetic modifications. (distefano-lab.com)
Stability of Imprinting and Differentiation Capacity in Naïve Human Cells Induced by Chemical Inhibition of CDK8 and CDK19. (axonmedchem.com)
Until now we've relied on studies in mice to understand human germ cell differentiation, but the reproductive genes are not the same. (sciencedaily.com)
When treated in this manner, about 2 percent of the differentiated human embryonic stem cells were haploid after 14 days of differentiation. (sciencedaily.com)
In addition, TFs generally initiate and guide cell fate such as lineage progression and control the stability of cell differentiation [ 5 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
The following chapters cover the epigenetic systems of plants, the epigenetic profile of embryonic stem cells, cell differentiation, imprinting marks, and random X chromosome inactivation. (caister.com)
Mammalian adult stem cells resemble the blastomeres of planktonic and benthic organisms with small eggs and may have evolved in mature organisms as an adaptation to the growth and maintenance of tissues via proliferation and the regulation of organ size via cell loss (e.g., terminal differentiation). (iospress.com)
Genetic control of mammalian germ cell differentiation. (columbia.edu)
A second area of research involves elucidating the function of the BET family of double bromodomain-containing proteins, proteins that read epigenetic marks, during germ cell differentiation and neural development. (columbia.edu)
We showed that the BET family member BRDT is essential for proper chromatin remodeling and transcriptional regulation during meiotic prophase and also during spermiogenesis and that BRD2 is essential for embryonic survival and neural differentiation and function, in particular in the etiology of seizure susceptibility. (columbia.edu)
Finally, the lab is pursuing studies on the role of retinoid signaling during male germ cell differentiation, again in using molecular genetic approaches in the mouse model, and more recently, pharmacologic intervention. (columbia.edu)
Chemical compounds that modulate atrial and ventricular cell fate could be used to improve subtype-specific differentiation of endogenous or exogenously delivered progenitor cells in order to promote cardiac regeneration. (biomedcentral.com)
Thus, small molecules capable of influencing the fate decisions and differentiation programs of multipotent progenitor cells could facilitate therapeutic regeneration of lost myocardium. (biomedcentral.com)
2017). MMP-2 and MMP-14 Silencing Inhibits VEGFR2 Cleavage and Induces the Differentiation of Porcine Adipose-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells to Endothelial Cells. (sciendo.com)
Osteogenic proliferation and differentiation of canine bone marrow and adipose tissue derived mesenchymal stromal cells and the influence of hypoxia. (sciendo.com)
Our research focuses on developmental pathways that regulate hematopoietic cell growth and differentiation and are disrupted in the course of neoplastic transformation, particularly in leukemias and lymphomas. (stanford.edu)
In this Chapter, we dissect the proof-of-principle studies that demonstrated that cellular reprogramming to pluripotency can be induced in vivo, in spite of unfavorable pro-differentiation signals present within the tissues. (springer.com)
Establishment of germ-line-competent embryonic stem (ES) cells using differentiation inhibiting activity. (springer.com)
Model simulations demonstrate that the low-Nanog state benefits cell differentiation through serving as an intermediate state to reduce the barrier of transition. (biomedcentral.com)
Our modeling results quantitatively show a dual role of Nanog during stem cell differentiation and reprogramming, and the importance of the intermediate state during cell state transitions. (biomedcentral.com)
Our approach offers a general method for analyzing key regulatory factors controlling cell differentiation and reprogramming. (biomedcentral.com)
Very few studies have addressed the functional roles of the bimodal heterogeneity of Nanog expression in the differentiation and specification process of stem cells. (biomedcentral.com)
One hypothesis based on these results is: During the stem cell differentiation process, the low-Nanog state of stem cell functions as the "gate-keeper" state. (biomedcentral.com)
In the process of tooth development, complex orchestration between genetic and epigenetic programs regulates the spatiotemporal expression of cell proliferation-, differentiation-, and migration-related genes, and finally tooth formation. (gjkqyxzz.cn)
The sexual differentiation of cell types protects them from the virus-driven theft of quantized energy, which Frohlich linked to the degradation of the cell wall and what is now known about how unicellular bacteria become archaea before they become L-forms. (rna-mediated.com)
Food energy-dependent pheromone-controlled biophysically constrained viral latency keeps egg cells fresh in the context of autophagy and sexual differentiation. (rna-mediated.com)
To establish protocols for the safe and efficient differentiation of healthy cells for therapies, we must develop a better understanding of the dynamic continuum of metabolic states that span pluripotency and differentiation, and how to influence them. (conditionmed.org)

Stem cells resembling totipotent blastomeres from 2-cell stage embryos can arise spontaneously in mouse embryonic stem cell cultures and also can be induced to arise more frequently in vitro through down-regulation of the chromatin assembly activity of CAF-1. (wikipedia.org)
These induced cells exhibit similar traits to those of embryonic stem cells (ESCs) but do not require the use of embryos. (wikipedia.org)
The latter cells -similarly to embryonic stem cells (ESC) derived by explanting early mammalian embryos- are characterized by two hallmark properties: they can self-renew infinitely in culture and they can differentiate to form all cell types of the adult body holding a great potential for regenerative medicine. (cornell.edu)
Although the genome-wide DNA demethylation is believed to be a hallmark of mammalian embryogenesis, previous study also indicated that the somatic form of dnmt1 ( dnmt1s ) is actually expressed at each stage of pre-implantation embryos and plays a role in the maintenance of DNA imprinting 8 . (nature.com)
In 1-cell and 2-cell embryos Dnmt1s is derived from the oocyte, whereas from the 2-cell stage onward the embryo starts to synthesize its own Dnmt1s 8 . (nature.com)
Furthermore, due to ethical and legal concerns, very limited techniques can be applied to human embryos to validate some of significant conclusions drawn from descriptive studies regarding human embryonic development. (nature.com)
The potential use of embryonic stem cells (ESCs) for cell replacement therapies is limited by ethical concerns and the technical hurdles associated with their isolation from human embryos. (biomedcentral.com)
Yamanaka worked to find new ways to acquire embryonic stem cells to avoid the social and ethical controversies surrounding the use of human embryos in stem cell research during the late twentieth and early twenty-first centuries. (asu.edu)
Efficient generation of embryonic stem cells from single blastomeres of cryopreserved mouse embryos in the presence of signalling modulators. (axonmedchem.com)
Human embryonic stem cells derived from excess IVF embryos may help scientists unlock the mysteries of infertility for other couples struggling to conceive, according to new research. (sciencedaily.com)
The embryos of larger arthropods and deuterostomes with well-provisioned eggs or viviparity, on the other hand, exhibit regulative development, while their larval "set-aside" or adult stem cells function in the growth, maintenance, and regulation of organ size coupled to constrained proliferation and cell turnover. (iospress.com)
2018). Development of bovine embryos in vitro in coculture with murine mesenchymal stem clls and embryonic fibroblasts. (sciendo.com)
Martin GR. Isolation of a pluripotent cell line from early mouse embryos cultured in medium conditioned by teratocarcinoma stem cells. (springer.com)
Establishment in culture of pluripotential cells from mouse embryos. (springer.com)
DNA methylation (or 5-methylcytosine (5mC)) plays an essential role in ERV repression in postimplantation embryos and male germ cells [ 6 , 7 ]. (biomedcentral.com)

To examine this phenomenon, we chose two mouse embryonic stem (ES) cell lines that possess insertionally polymorphic retrotransposons (IAP, ETn/MusD, and LINE elements) at specific loci in one cell line but not the other. (prolekarniky.cz)
They used retroviruses to insert each of the twenty-four genes into the chromosomes of differentiated mouse embryonic fibroblasts. (asu.edu)

In addition, iPSC technology offers a unique and tractable experimental system to study the molecular mechanisms underlying cell fate changes. (cornell.edu)
Understanding these mechanisms should enable us to adopt them in order to manipulate many cells to become other types of cells through a process called reprogramming. (ca.gov)
In other experiments, we have been looking into how microRNAs interact with additional molecular mechanisms in the cells. (ca.gov)
Understanding how these two mechanisms work together will enhance our ability to reprogram cells. (ca.gov)
The age-old battle of nature versus nurture has entered new frontiers with two exciting studies exploring different mechanisms that drive "epigenetic rejuvenation" - also known as the science of how our old and creaky DNA methylation-based epigenetic clocks can be wound back into a frolicking and fancy-free state. (epigenie.com)
The first of our time-traveling studies in this rejuvenation face-off takes inspiration from nature and studies the dynamics and mechanisms associated with the rejuvenation of DNA methylation profiles in the cells of the early mammalian embryo. (epigenie.com)
Fascinatingly, the young whippersnappers from the Gladyshev lab now reveal some fascinating insights into the dynamics and the mechanisms involved in the rejuvenation of DNA methylation profiles during the very early stages of mammalian embryogenesis. (epigenie.com)
DNA CpG methylation on the cytosine is among the most stable forms of epigenetic mechanisms in the life cycle of mammals. (nature.com)
The "arms race" relationship between transposable elements (TEs) and their host has promoted a series of epigenetic silencing mechanisms directed against TEs. (prolekarniky.cz)
The well-known arms-race between TEs and the host genome [5] has resulted in several regulatory pathways, including a combination of various epigenetic mechanisms i.e. (prolekarniky.cz)
However, though BC is emerging as a potential organ transplant option, challenges regarding organ size scalability, immune system incompatibilities, long-term maintenance, potential evolutionary distance, or unveiled mechanisms between donor and host cells remain. (frontiersin.org)
The effects of ginseng oligosaccharides (GSOs) on neuronal oxidative injury induced by glutamate (GLU) and the molecular mechanisms involved were investigated. (sdbonline.org)
Although genetic influences are important, epigenetic mechanisms have been implicated in several aspects of the disease. (emjreviews.com)
This review considers the genetic and epigenetic control of nephrogenesis, together with the epigenetic mechanisms that accompany kidney development and recent advances in induced reprogramming and kidney cell regeneration in the context of DN. (emjreviews.com)
3 More recent studies have shown that epigenetic mechanisms are involved in the pathogenesis of DN. (emjreviews.com)
9 The current review examines the emerging evidence for epigenetic mechanisms and pathways in DN. (emjreviews.com)
The 3-day meeting held in April was divided into five, loosely themed, sessions with topics ranging from embryonic inductive mechanisms to developmental models of human disease. (silverchair.com)
Once a cell type is specified, the mechanisms that restrict and maintain cell fate are important in ensuring tissue integrity, and their dysregulation often results in disease, particularly cancer. (distefano-lab.com)
Our current research aims to understand the post-transcriptional & epigenetic mechanisms that govern stem cell potency and cell fate decisions, and determine how to exploit these mechanisms to develop new therapeutic strategies. (distefano-lab.com)
Our current goal is to elucidate molecular mechanisms regulating establishment and maintenance of mammalian cell identity. (distefano-lab.com)
There his work focused on the mechanisms that control transcription factor-induced cell fate change. (distefano-lab.com)
His postdoctoral work focused on the role of post-transcriptional mechanisms in mammalian cell fate. (distefano-lab.com)
The related coactivator complexes SAGA and ATAC control embryonic stem cell self-renewal through acetyltransferase-independent mechanisms. (axonmedchem.com)
Many studies have investigated germ cell-specific gene promoters to understand their regulatory mechanisms. (biomedcentral.com)
In this book the molecular mechanisms and biological processes in which epigenetic modifications play a primordial role are described in detail. (caister.com)
The first seven chapters describe the different biological mechanisms of the epigenetic machinery including: DNA methylation, histone tails, chromatin structure, nucleosome occupancy, Polycomb group proteins, siRNAs and miRNAs. (caister.com)
Cancer stem cells, instrumental in metastasis, would seem to ignore mechanisms normally functioning in the removal of excess cells. (iospress.com)
Endogenous retroviruses (ERVs), which are responsible for 10% of spontaneous mouse mutations, are kept under control via several epigenetic mechanisms. (biomedcentral.com)

In addition, as the genetic identity of the donor egg from which the ESCs are derived most likely will differ from that of potential recipients, patients who receive ESC-derived cells or tissues may face the same complications that result from organ transplantation (for example, immunorejection, graft-versus-host disease, and need for immunosuppression). (biomedcentral.com)
The most obvious of the recurrent concepts to emerge from the meeting was the central role that similar inductive cues play across a variety of organisms and tissues in specifying cell fate. (silverchair.com)
In the 1960s and 1970s, scientists discovered that there are cells within adult tissues of the body that harbor many of the same special properties as embryonic stem cells. (pas.va)
However, these adult stem cells have more restricted potential - they are specialized to replenish, rejuvenate, and repair the tissues in which they reside. (pas.va)
embryonic stem cells , resulting from the early divisions of the egg, characterized by their "pluripotency", i.e. the capacity, that they share with the egg cell itself, to produce all the cell types found in the adult organism, and the tissue-specific stem cells present in the tissues and organs of the adult. (pas.va)
They are particularly active in tissues and organs in which the lifespan of the differentiated cells is short, like blood, skin and the inner cell layer covering the intestinal cavity, as well as in the repair of skeletal muscle after exercise of injury. (pas.va)
Significant advances have been made in isolating, culturing and reintroducing adult stem cells into tissues. (pas.va)
Strategies for regenerative therapies in adult mammals, therefore, might be based on stimulating growth of adult stem cells or their surrogates in specific tissues rather than on introducing embryonic stem cells into adults. (iospress.com)
We have recently generated a conditional knockout model of Brd2 which will allow us to determine its function in adult tissues, including the germ line. (columbia.edu)
Comparison of human mesenchymal stromal cells from four neonatal tissues: Amniotic membrane, chorionic membrane, placental decidua and umbilical cord. (sciendo.com)
The fertilized oocyte is totipotent, with resultant blastomeres capable of generating all three primary germ layers, ectoderm, mesoderm, and endoderm, in addition to the extra embryonic tissues. (conditionmed.org)

The regulation of telomere length and telomerase activity is a complex and dynamic process that is tightly linked to cell cycle regulation in human stem cells. (nature.com)
Critical epigenetic regulation of primate embryogenesis entails DNA methylome changes. (nature.com)
The epigenetic regulation of spatiotemporal gene expression is crucial for human development. (researchgate.net)
The interplay between all these layers of epigenetic regulation finally controls the transcriptional output of the conversion process, thus determining the final cell fate. (distefano-lab.com)
Regulation of the NANOG gene by TFs, epigenetic factors, and autoregulatory factors is well characterized in ESCs, and transcriptional regulation of NANOG is well established in these cells. (biomedcentral.com)
Although NANOG plays a key role in germ cells, the molecular mechanism underlying its transcriptional regulation in PGCs has not been studied. (biomedcentral.com)
Therefore, identification of regulatory elements within the promoter region is considered crucial to understand the mechanism underlying transcriptional regulation in specific cell types. (biomedcentral.com)
Therefore, regulation of NANOG expression plays a critical role in determining the fate of pluripotent cells. (biomedcentral.com)
Besides its role in the regulation of genes, DNA methylation silences repetitive elements and appears to be important for the stability of the mammalian genome. (caister.com)
Their larval and adult cells have narrow potencies, sometimes coupled to virtually unlimited … proliferation, and function in the growth, maintenance and regulation of body size. (iospress.com)
This indicated the involvement of epigenetic modulators in the regulation of GATA-dependent transcription. (biomedcentral.com)
We are studying the role that normal chromatin structure plays in gene regulation in hematopoietic cells and how its disruption leads to altered development and cancer. (stanford.edu)
Nanog has been recognized as a critical pluripotency gene in stem cell regulation. (biomedcentral.com)
6] Jaenisch R, Bird A. Epigenetic regulation of gene expression: how the genome integrates intrinsic and environmental signals[J]. Nat Genet, 2003, 33 (Suppl):245-254. (gjkqyxzz.cn)
Epigenetic regulation in dental pulp inflammation[J]. Oral Dis, 2016, doi:10.1111/odi.12464. (gjkqyxzz.cn)

In cell biology, pluripotency (Lat. (wikipedia.org)
However, cell pluripotency is a continuum, ranging from the completely pluripotent cell that can form every cell of the embryo proper, e.g., embryonic stem cells and iPSCs, to the incompletely or partially pluripotent cell that can form cells of all three germ layers but that may not exhibit all the characteristics of completely pluripotent cells. (wikipedia.org)
Shortly afterwards, the original experimental protocol was replicated and optimized by several laboratories, confirming that iPSCs share the gene expression profile, epigenetic modifications, and proliferation rates as well as the pluripotency of ESCs [ 3 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Embryonic stem cells (ESCs), derived from the blastocyst-stage embryo, are capable of generating all cell types of the mammalian body (pluripotency) and of maintaining the capacity for indefinite self-renewal without compromising their genomic integrity. (biomedcentral.com)
PGCs express several pluripotency-related TFs such as NANOG, POU5F3 , and SOX2 , and their expression controls transcription of germness-related genes in these cells [ 11 , 29 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
The stem cell field witnessed a genuine breakthrough when a combination of solely four transcription factors ( Oct3 / 4 , Sox2 , Klf4 and c-Myc, OSKM ) proved enough to revert, in vitro, the differentiated status of a variety of cell types back to pluripotency, giving rise to so-called induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells. (springer.com)
Ten years after this revolutionary discovery, attempts to induce pluripotency have not been limited to the culture dish. (springer.com)
We discuss what is known about the distinct metabolic states captured in vitro by the 2-cell-like, naïve, blastocyst-like, formative, and primed states of pluripotency. (conditionmed.org)
We explore the recently described metabolic surge event that occurs as pluripotency is lost and stem cells commit to differentiate. (conditionmed.org)

Pluripotent embryonic stem cells (ESCs) have the unique ability to differentiate into every cell type and to self-renew. (biomedcentral.com)
The minor fraction of HP1β that is chromatin-bound in ESCs is enriched within exons, unlike the situation in differentiated cells, where it binds heterochromatic satellite repeats and chromocenters. (biomedcentral.com)
Takahashi and Yamanaka's 2006 and 2007 experiments showed that scientists can prompt adult body cells to dedifferentiate, or lose specialized characteristics, and behave similarly to embryonic stem cells (ESCs). (asu.edu)
NANOG is a core transcription factor (TF) in embryonic stem cells (ESCs) and primordial germ cells (PGCs). (biomedcentral.com)
The H3K9 histone methyltransferase SETDB1 is essential for ERV repression in embryonic stem cells (ESCs), with DNA methylation also playing an important role. (biomedcentral.com)
Indeed, ERV silencing in embryonic stem cells (ESCs) is largely dependent on post-translational modification of histones, in particular methylation at H3K9. (biomedcentral.com)

The inner cell mass, the source of embryonic stem cells, becomes pluripotent. (wikipedia.org)
The strain is now valued as a source of embryonic stem cells for making knockout mice. (jax.org)

A critical length of telomere repeats is required to ensure proper telomere function and avoid the activation of DNA damage pathways that result in replicative senescence or cell death. (nature.com)
Thus, uncovering and understanding new molecular and cellular pathways that govern HSPC cell fate is critical for basic biology and to develop new therapeutic strategies for hematologic disorders. (distefano-lab.com)
Likewise, strategies for the containment of cancer might be based on promoting normal pathways of cell loss, the basal mode for handling excess cells. (iospress.com)
It is well-established that early embryonic signaling pathways are critical for growth and patterning of new tissue during regeneration. (frontiersin.org)
Exploiting the convergence of embryonic and tumorigenic signaling pathways to develop new therapeutic targets. (plurisomes.com)

Derivation of autologous induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) through direct reprogramming of easily accessible somatic cells holds the potential to transform the field of regenerative medicine. (biomedcentral.com)
Here we review recent insights into the biophysical, biochemical, and epigenetic processes that underlie regenerative healing in amphibians, focusing particularly on tail and limb regeneration in Xenopus . (frontiersin.org)
Stem cells and regenerative medicine - future perspectives. (springer.com)
Stem cells in regenerative medicine: introduction. (springer.com)
Deconstructing stem cell tumorigenicity: a roadmap to safe regenerative medicine. (plurisomes.com)

Exploring the molecular biology of epigenetic, together with the epigenetic findings in tooth development, is not only fundamental but also inspiring for tooth regeneration. (gjkqyxzz.cn)

This review delves into the developmental toxicity of AgNPs across diverse models, from aquatic species like zebrafish and catfish to mammalian rodents and in vitro embryonic stem cells. (bvsalud.org)
2019). Akin to the dynamic nutrient requirements of the developing embryo, discrete in vitro cell states have distinct metabolic profiles (Zhou et al. (conditionmed.org)
It is only through understanding embryonic metabolism and development that we can derive and maintain different in vitro stem cell states for disease modeling and therapies. (conditionmed.org)

Induced pluripotent stem cells, commonly abbreviated as iPS cells or iPSCs, are a type of pluripotent stem cell artificially derived from a non-pluripotent cell, typically an adult somatic cell, by inducing a "forced" expression of certain genes and transcription factors. (wikipedia.org)
Promoters of genes associated with oxidative phosphorylation are preferentially remethylated at the 8-cell stage, suggesting that this mode of energy metabolism may not be favored. (nature.com)
Hence, although rare, IAP-induced local heterochromatin spreading into nearby genes may influence expression and, in turn, host fitness. (prolekarniky.cz)
After these experiments with somatic cells, Takahashi and Yamanaka hypothesized that there were common factors, genes in particular, which caused somatic cells to become pluripotent stem cells. (asu.edu)
In 2006, Takahashi and Yamanaka selected twenty-four candidate genes as factors that they hypothesized could possibly induce somatic cells to become pluripotent, and they began to test them one at a time. (asu.edu)
If one of the infected cells showed G418 resistance, then the scientists would know that one of the twenty-four genes influenced the cell to become an embryonic stem cell-like cell. (asu.edu)
Here we show that bivalent domains and chromosome architecture for bivalent genes are dynamically regulated during the cell cycle in human pluripotent cells. (researchgate.net)
Central to this is the transient increase in H3K4-trimethylation at developmental genes during G1, thereby creating a 'window of opportunity' for cell-fate specification. (researchgate.net)
In the current study, the researchers treated human embryonic stem cells with proteins known to stimulate germ cell formation and isolated those that began to express germ-cell-specific genes -- about 5 percent of the total. (sciencedaily.com)
In addition to expressing key genes, these cells also began to remove modifications, or methyl groups, to their DNA that confer cell-specific traits that would interfere with their ability to function as germ cells. (sciencedaily.com)
The differentially translated genes induced by low folate are associated with cytoplasmic translation and mitochondrial function, while the differentially translated genes induced by high folate are associated with increased neural stem cell proliferation. (biomedcentral.com)
Long-term efforts of this project will involve developing RAR-alpha selective antagonists, identifying the target genes of RAR-alpha, and determining their function in germ cell-Sertoli cell interactions. (columbia.edu)
Transcription factor GATA4-targeted compounds that have previously shown in vivo efficacy in cardiac injury models were tested for stage-specific activation of atrial and ventricular reporter genes in differentiating pluripotent stem cells using a dual reporter assay. (biomedcentral.com)
This mechanism also applies to hematopoietic cells transformed by other HOX genes, including CDX2, which is highly expressed in a majority of acute myeloid leukemias, thus providing a molecular approach based on GSK-3 inhibitory strategies to target HOX-associated transcription in a broad spectrum of leukemias. (stanford.edu)
Activation of muscle-specific genes in pigment, nerve, fat, liver, and fibroblast cell lines by forced expression of MyoD. (springer.com)
We hypothesized that a high fat diet in non-human primates would induce changes in hepatic chromatin structure resulting in altered expression of fetal genes critical to the development of childhood and adult obesity. (nih.gov)
In terms of the gene regulatory network defining cellular potency, Nanog has direct mutual interactions with two other core stem cell specific genes Oct4 and Sox2. (biomedcentral.com)

However, the B3galtl gene is subject to transcriptional silencing via IAP-induced heterochromatin. (prolekarniky.cz)
In addition, the authors also review future strategies in DN treatment such as transcriptional reprogramming of mature adult kidney cells into uncommitted induced pluripotent stem cells for renal repair and therapeutics. (emjreviews.com)
These crucial regulators direct gene expression changes to establish cell-type specific transcriptional profiles. (distefano-lab.com)
Collectively, these results indicate the potential for therapeutic alteration of cell fate decisions and pathological gene regulatory networks by GATA4-targeted compounds modulating chamber-specific transcriptional programs in multipotent cardiac progenitor cells and cardiomyocytes. (biomedcentral.com)
One sentence summary Murine hematopoietic stem cells display transcriptional heterogeneity that is quantitatively altered with age and leads to the age-dependent myeloid bias evident after inflammatory challenge. (biorxiv.org)
We demonstrate here that GSK-3 maintains the MLL leukemia stem cell transcriptional program by promoting the conditional association of CREB and its coactivators TORC and CBP with homedomain protein MEIS1, a critical component of the MLL-subordinate program, which in turn facilitates HOX-mediated transcription and transformation. (stanford.edu)

Notably, we explore potential explanations, linking immunoregulatory dysfunction and disrupted epigenetic modifications to AgNPs-induced developmental failures. (bvsalud.org)
Further analysis found that PAmE-induced multi-organ developmental and functional alterations had differences in stages, courses and fetal gender, and the most obvious changes might be in high-dose, late-pregnancy and multi-course, but there was no typical rule of a dose-response relationship. (bvsalud.org)
However, robust and large-scale genome-wide reprogramming of DNA methylome occurs during two critical developmental processes: (1) development of primordial germ cells and (2) pre-implantation embryogenesis. (nature.com)
To take human organ generation via BC and transplantation to the next step, we reviewed current emerging organ generation technologies and the associated efficiency of chimera formation in human cells from the standpoint of developmental biology. (frontiersin.org)
Rather, the issues that so beguiled pioneering developmental biologists have now become crucial to the understanding of such disparate fields as cancer biology, cloning and stem cell totipotency. (silverchair.com)
Pharmacological modulation of cell fate decisions and developmental gene regulatory networks holds promise for the treatment of heart failure. (biomedcentral.com)
The developmental capacity of nuclei taken from differentiating endoderm cells of Xenopus laevis. (springer.com)
The developmental capacity of nuclei taken from intestinal epithelium cells of feeding tadpoles. (springer.com)
The developmental capacity of nuclei transplanted from keratinized skin cells of adult frogs. (springer.com)

The best way to reach that goal is to understand the relationships between these cells that grow in a culture dish in the laboratory and the equivalent cells in the developing embryo. (ca.gov)
Revealing cell populations catching the early stages of the human embryo development in naïve pluripotent stem cells. (axonmedchem.com)
The effect of the DAZ family members on the embryonic stem cells varied according to whether the cells were derived from a male or a female embryo. (sciencedaily.com)
Here, we consider the metabolism of the early embryo through development, and look at the nutrient milieu within the developing stem cell niche. (conditionmed.org)
The developing embryo, from which pluripotent stem cells originate, undergoes a series of dynamic metabolic transitions synchronized to its molecular development. (conditionmed.org)
Up to the 2-cell embryo, blastomeres remain totipotent (Garner and McLaren, 1974). (conditionmed.org)
In the mouse, a transporting epithelium is established around the 8-16-cell stage through a process known as compaction where cell definition is lost and the outer cells of the embryo form tight junctions, giving rise to the blastocyst. (conditionmed.org)

This pathway entails erasure of CpG methylation (5mC) in primordial germ cells via the initial conversion of 5mC to 5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5hmC), a reaction driven by high levels of the ten-eleven dioxygenase enzymes TET-1 and TET-2. (wikipedia.org)
Meanwhile, our second study in this epigenetic battle-royale follows a more nurturing approach to discover whether diet and lifestyle changes could rejuvenate DNA methylation profiles and turn back the epigenetic clock during adulthood! (epigenie.com)
By the 8-cell stage, remethylation becomes more pronounced than demethylation, resulting in an increase in global DNA methylation. (nature.com)
Monkeys have served as one of the most valuable models for understanding DNA methylation dynamics during early embryogenesis in human due to their similarities in genetics and early embryonic development 17 , 18 . (nature.com)
In plants, invertebrate species and vertebrates, DNA methylation has been described as an important epigenetic silencing mechanism. (prolekarniky.cz)
In mammals, cytosine methylation at CpG positions of the DNA sequence is one of the hallmarks of epigenetic gene silencing. (caister.com)
Thus, DNA methylation influences the functional integrity of mammalian genome by shaping its overall structure and leaving its marks in the genomic DNA sequence during evolution. (caister.com)
Recently, folate has been linked to tRNA cytosine-5 methylation (m 5 C) and translation in mammalian mitochondria. (biomedcentral.com)

Long-term hematopoietic stem cells (LT-HSCs) maintain hematopoietic output throughout an animal's lifespan. (biorxiv.org)

Olariu V, Manesso E, commitment and Peterson C. 2017 A deterministic method for estimating free energy genetic network reprogramming paths landscapes with applications to cell commitment and reprogramming paths. (lu.se)
Cliff and Dalton, 2017), with nutrients capable of inducing and maintaining alternate cell states (Shyh-Chang et al. (conditionmed.org)

Molecular Cell , 82 (1), 190-208. (axonmedchem.com)
Molecular cell, 82(1), 106-122. (axonmedchem.com)
It will quite effectively cater to the needs of molecular biologists, molecular geneticists, cell and molecular biologists, animal, plant, and crop geneticists, synthetic biologists, biotechnologists, and researchers involved with the fields of stem cell and molecular aspects of cancer research. (caister.com)
The main research theme of her lab is neural stem cells, and the molecular pathophysiology of Huntington's Disease . (eurostemcell.org)
The research interests of the Wolgemuth lab focus on understanding the genetic control of gametogenesis and embryogenesis using mouse models and gene targeting, transgenic, and molecular and cell biological approaches. (columbia.edu)
It is expected that a highly organized intrinsic genetic network is responsible for controlling spermatogenesis in the testis, and that the elucidation of the underlying molecular mechanism will help us further understand male germ cell development. (biomedcentral.com)
In addition to these basic issues concerning leukemia pathogenesis, we are devising new diagnostic procedures for detecting and monitoring leukemia patients based on molecular genetic abnormalities in the malignant cells. (stanford.edu)
Molecular motors lie at the heart of biological processes from DNA replication to cell migration. (nih.gov)

We hypothesize that the interplay among transcription factors, epigenetic modulators and chromatin topology determines the gene expression program and cell identity. (cornell.edu)
Chemically induced gene expression changes were characterized by qRT-PCR, global run-on sequencing (GRO-seq) and immunoblotting, and the network of cooperative proteins of GATA4 and NKX2-5 were further explored by the examination of the GATA4 and NKX2-5 interactome by BioID. (biomedcentral.com)
Of interest, we have observed in a rodent transgenerational model of intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) that a diet supplemented with essential nutrients, yet unaltered in its caloric content, prevents adult metabolic disease and is associated with abrogation of reprogrammed gene expression. (nih.gov)
Epigenetic modifications play pivotal roles in organogenesis by controlling gene expression during cell fate determination and reprogramming. (gjkqyxzz.cn)
7] Orphanides G, Reinberg D. A unified theory of gene expression[J]. Cell, 2002, 108(4):439-451. (gjkqyxzz.cn)

This was then followed in 2007 by the successful induction of human iPSCs derived from human dermal fibroblasts using methods similar to those used for the induction of mouse cells. (wikipedia.org)
In 2006, a major breakthrough was reported in Japan by Takahashi and Yamanaka, who described the generation of induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) from mouse fibroblasts via over expression of defined transcription factors [ 2 ]. (biomedcentral.com)

Hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs) have the capacity to self-renew and commit to fully mature specialized blood cell types. (distefano-lab.com)

2] Li Z, Yu M, Tian W. An inductive signalling network regulates mammalian tooth morphogenesis with implications for tooth regeneration[J]. Cell Prolif, 2013, 46(5):501-508. (gjkqyxzz.cn)

In mouse primordial germ cells, genome-wide reprogramming leading to totipotency involves erasure of epigenetic imprints. (wikipedia.org)
Epigenetic programming of aging, as a continuation of development, creates an interface between the genome and the environment. (karger.com)
However, they can also induce detrimental genome instability and numerous human diseases ( 3 , 6 ). (rna-mediated.com)

Mammalian embryonic stem cells would seem adapted to rapid proliferation, functioning in part to enclose yolk or to acquire access to maternal resources. (iospress.com)
In both processes, rapid proliferation gives rise to new tissue, cell fate has to be specified within that tissue, and distinct positional identities have to be established to generate a properly patterned structure. (frontiersin.org)
Acute leukemias induced by MLL chimeric oncoproteins are among the subset of cancers distinguished by a paradoxical dependence on GSK-3 kinase activity for sustained proliferation. (stanford.edu)

However, amidst their rising popularity, concerns loom over their possible detrimental effects on fetal development and subsequent adult life. (bvsalud.org)
The human development model can be used to describe how totipotent cells arise. (wikipedia.org)
Human development begins when a sperm fertilizes an egg and the resulting fertilized egg creates a single totipotent cell, a zygote. (wikipedia.org)
We are using reporters, genetic manipulation, and rescue strategies to discover the first examples of endogenous siRNA-gene interactions in mammals, once again focusing on early embryonic development. (ca.gov)
Together these results are giving new and important insights into the role of small RNAs in early embryonic development. (ca.gov)
Will this information prompt the development of advanced anti-aging therapies that could remove all your epigenetic wrinkles and grey hairs? (epigenie.com)
Each gene was inserted near the mouse Fbx15 gene, a gene that embryonic stem cells express during development in mice. (asu.edu)
Immunoreceptor signaling during development, homeostasis, and effector function of T cells and NK cells. (upstate.edu)
A single migratory somatic cell termed the distal tip cell (DTC),which is positioned at the tip of each arm, acts as a specialised signalling centre to control the development and the shape of the gonad through a series of inductive events. (silverchair.com)
We explore the method on three circuits for haematopoiesis and embryonic stem cell development for commitment and reprogramming scenarios and illustrate how the method can be used to determine sequential steps for onsets of external factors, essential for efficient reprogramming. (lu.se)
We model central nervous system development using organoids, and select three histone modifications as proxies for dynamic epigenetic change and validate our findings in a primary developing human brain. (researchgate.net)
During development and lineage specification, pluripotent and adult stem cells generate the diverse arrays of specialized cells of the adult body. (distefano-lab.com)
And because germ cells begin to form very early in embryonic development (by eight to 10 weeks), there's been a dearth of human material to work with. (sciencedaily.com)
They then used a technique called RNA silencing to examine how blocking the expression of each of three DAZ family members in the embryonic stem cells affected germ cell development. (sciencedaily.com)
They found that one family member, DAZL, functions very early in germ cell development, while two others, DAZ1 and BOULE, stimulate the then-mature germ cells to divide to form gametes. (sciencedaily.com)
This suggests that BOULE may play a larger role than the other proteins in the development of female germ cells. (sciencedaily.com)
Epigenetic changes play a key role in normal development as well as in disease. (caister.com)
Mystification may have been introduced historically with the concepts of determinate and regulative development, but, hopefully, the muddle can be resolved by tracing the evolution of stem cells in Metazoa. (iospress.com)
The thymus plays a central role in the development of the body's immune system as it is the main site in which T cells are generated. (eurostemcell.org)
The regeneration of a tissue intuitively recapitulates aspects of its embryonic development. (frontiersin.org)
The epigenetic modifications play important regulatory roles in tissue development, maintenance of physiological functions and pathological process. (biomedcentral.com)
Recently, with the prevalence of high-throughput technology development, a wave of research on epigenetic modification has been stimulated. (biomedcentral.com)
2020). This places metabolism at the forefront of development and cell state decisions. (conditionmed.org)

In fact, low levels of telomerase activity have been found in human adult stem cells including haematopoietic and non-haematopoietic stem cells such as neuronal, skin, intestinal crypt, mammary epithelial, pancreas, adrenal cortex, kidney, and mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) ( Table 1 ). (nature.com)
Immunoselected STRO-3+ mesenchymal precursor cells reduce inflammation and improve clinical outcomes in a large animal model of monoarthritis. (sciendo.com)
Intra-articular injection of expanded autologous bone marrow mesenchymal cells in moderate and severe knee osteoarthritis is safe: a phase I/II study. (sciendo.com)
Equine mesenchymal stem cells from bonemarrow, adipose tissue and umbilical cord:immunophenotypic characterization anddifferentiation potential. (sciendo.com)
Bovine fetal mesenchymal stem cells exert antiproliferative efect against mastitis causing pathogen Staphylococcus aureus. (sciendo.com)
Use of a chronic model of articular cartilage and meniscal injury for the assessment of long-term effects after autologous mesenchymal stromal cell treatment in Steep. (sciendo.com)
Adipose Tissue- and Bone Marrow-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells from Sheep: Culture Characteristics. (sciendo.com)
Cryopreserved allogeneic mesenchymal stem cells enhance wound repair in full thickness skin wound model and cattle clinical teat injuries. (sciendo.com)
3] Jussila M, Thesleff I. Signaling networks regulating tooth organogenesis and regeneration, and the specification of dental mesenchymal and epithelial cell lineages[J]. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Biol, 2012, 4(4):a008425. (gjkqyxzz.cn)

Here, we provide transcriptome-wide landscapes of m 5 C modification in poly(A)-enriched RNAs together with mRNA transcription and translation profiles for mouse neural stem cells (NSCs) cultured in three different concentrations of folate. (biomedcentral.com)
Reprogramming multipotent tumor cells with the embryonic neural crest microenvironment. (plurisomes.com)

The epigenetic modification of DNA with 5-methylcytosine is an important regulatory event involved in chromatin structure, genomic imprinting, inactivation of the X chromosome, transcription, and retrotransposon silencing. (caister.com)

Viable offspring derived from fetal and adult mammalian cells. (springer.com)

In the first hours after fertilization, this zygote divides into identical totipotent cells, which can later develop into any of the three germ layers of a human (endoderm, mesoderm, or ectoderm), or into cells of the placenta (cytotrophoblast or syncytiotrophoblast). (wikipedia.org)
To fulfill the promise of pluripotent stem cells, both embryonic and induced pluripotent stem cells, it is essential to fully understand their properties and how those properties can be manipulated to make any cell in the human body. (ca.gov)
Recently, the importance of telomere maintenance in human stem cells has been highlighted by studies on dyskeratosis congenital, which is a genetic disorder in the human telomerase component. (nature.com)
Here we review the role of telomeres and telomerase in the function and capacity of the human stem cells. (nature.com)
Telomeric DNA consists of short guanine-rich repeat sequences in all eukaryotes with linear chromosomes, and its length in human somatic cells is remarkably heterogeneous among individuals ranging from 5 to 20 kb, according to age, organ, and the proliferative history of each cell ( Wright and Shay, 2005 ). (nature.com)
In most human somatic cells except for stem cells and lymphocytes, telomerase activity is diminished after birth so that telomere length shortens with each cell division. (nature.com)
Basically, given the difference of telomere and telomerase activity in human and mouse cells, the telomere and telomerase status in stem cell populations is different between humans and mice ( Harrington, 2004 ). (nature.com)
Takahashi and Yamanaka also experimented with human cell cultures in 2007. (asu.edu)
Chemical conversion of human conventional Pluripotent Stem Cells to Trophoblast Stem Cells. (axonmedchem.com)
Researchers at the school have devised a way to efficiently coax the cells to become human germ cells -- the precursors of egg and sperm cells -- in the laboratory. (sciencedaily.com)
Figuring out the genetic 'recipe' needed to develop human germ cells in the laboratory will give us the tools we need to trace what's going wrong for these people. (sciencedaily.com)
Reijo Pera is a professor of obstetrics and gynecology at the medical school and the director of Stanford's Center for Human Embryonic Stem Cell Research and Education. (sciencedaily.com)
This is the first evidence that you can create functional human germ cells in a laboratory. (sciencedaily.com)
Furthermore, it is unknown whether endogenous progenitors/stromal cells in the adult human heart could be chemically induced to generate functional atrial or ventricular heart muscle to treat adult heart diseases. (biomedcentral.com)
Embryonic stem cell lines derived from human blastocysts. (springer.com)
Evans MD, Kelley J. US attitudes toward human embryonic stem cell research. (springer.com)
Reprogramming Malignant Cancer Cells toward a Benign Phenotype following Exposure to Human Embryonic Stem Cell Microenvironment. (plurisomes.com)
A three-dimensional model to study the epigenetic effects induced by the microenvironment of human embryonic stem cells. (plurisomes.com)
Ethically, since eventually all such "research" will be applied to people, he cautions against the abuse of women "egg" donors, and against the premature use of vulnerable sick human patients for testing supposedly "patient-specific" stem cells in supposed "therapies", pointing to the obvious violations of standard international research ethics guidelines such clinical trials would necessarily entail. (lifeissues.net)
As he has questioned the HFEA before, would not the use of vulnerable human patients in clinical trials be premature, dangerous, and unethical given the already acquired knowledge in the research community that such supposed "patient-specific" stem cells would most probably cause serious immune rejection reactions in these patients? (lifeissues.net)
A board game taking place inside a human cell! (rna-mediated.com)
A new tumor model, combining human embryonic stem cells (ESC) and tumor cells, develops abundant human vessels. (nih.gov)
We hypothesize that ovarian cancer cells will induce human ovarian TVM expression. (nih.gov)
Finally, our preliminary data suggest that the ESC-ovarian tumor model has human tumor vascular cells. (nih.gov)
We hypothesize that the ESC ovarian tumor model, with human vascular cells, will provide an ideal microenvironment to support human stem cell growth. (nih.gov)
If successful, this will create a murine tumor model that nearly completely reproduces the human tumor microenvironment with human tumor stroma, vessels and tumor stem cells. (nih.gov)

These findings indicate that GSOs protect against GLU-induced neuronal oxidative damage through Nrf2/HO-1 activation. (sdbonline.org)

These transcription factors play a key role in determining the state of these cells and also highlights the fact that these somatic cells do preserve the same genetic information as early embryonic cells. (wikipedia.org)
Somatic cell reprogramming is the process by which enforced expression of defined embryonic transcription factors (TF) in somatic cells changes their fate to induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSC). (cornell.edu)
Induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSC) can now be generated from skin or blood of mice or humans by overexpressing four key transcription factors. (pas.va)
Making a tooth: growth factors, transcription factors, and stem cells [J]. Cell Res, 2005, 15(5):301-316. (gjkqyxzz.cn)

Here, we summarize current reprogramming methodologies with a focus on the production of transgene-free or genetically unmanipulated iPSCs and highlight important technical details that ultimately may influence the biological properties of pluripotent stem cells. (biomedcentral.com)
To circumvent these obstacles, considerable effort has been invested in attempting to derive ESC-like cells by reprogramming somatic cells to an embryonic state. (biomedcentral.com)
Although exciting results have been achieved by means of somatic cell nuclear transfer, cell fusion, and culture-induced reprogramming [ 1 ], these procedures are technically demanding and inefficient and therefore unlikely to become a common approach for producing patient-specific pluripotent cells. (biomedcentral.com)
Yamanaka claimed that Gurdon's work in reprogramming mature cells in frogs ( Xenopus ) in 1962 influenced his own work in reprogramming differentiated cells. (asu.edu)
those of cell reprogramming, thereby avoiding exhaustive trial- energy landscape, deterministic models, and-error simulations with rate equations for different stem cell commitment, reprogramming parameter sets. (lu.se)
Such epigenetic reprogramming is a hallmark of germ cell formation. (sciencedaily.com)
Interestingly, the existence of low-Nanog state dynamically slows down the reprogramming process, and additional Nanog activation is found to be essential to quickly attaining the fully reprogrammed cell state. (biomedcentral.com)
Epigenetically reprogramming metastatic tumor cells with an embryonic microenvironment. (plurisomes.com)
Instead, SETDB1 depletion leads to a TET2-dependent loss of H4R3me2s, which is indispensable for IAP silencing during epigenetic reprogramming. (biomedcentral.com)

Stem cell therapies, once a dream, are now becoming a reality. (pas.va)

This research is expected to enable to us to more easily manipulate cell fates to produce high quality cells that could be used to study diseases of many types as well as reintroduce healthy tissue into patients with degenerative diseases. (ca.gov)
The levels of catalase (CAT) and glutathione (GSH) were measured in PC12 cells and Drosophila brain tissue. (sdbonline.org)
GSOs also mitigated the deleterious effects of GLU on the mitochondrial membrane potential and Cyt C release, thus alleviating mitochondrial dysfunction, and increased GSH levels and CAT activity in both cells and Drosophila brain tissue. (sdbonline.org)
Moreover, my lab is testing the hypothesis that RNA sequestration is critical to maintaining adult tissue homeostasis. (distefano-lab.com)
These adult stem cells are highly specialized and can only produce the tissue in which they reside. (pas.va)
In addition, there has been remarkable progress in developing approaches to stimulate these tissue-resident stem cells in situ in the tissue. (pas.va)
International bi-monthly journal of cell signaling, tissue protection, and translational research. (conditionmed.org)
The blastocyst comprises the inner cell mass (ICM), which gives rise to the three primary germ layers and consequently the fetus, and the trophectoderm (TE), which gives rise to the extraembryonic and placental tissue. (conditionmed.org)

8] Rakyan V, Whitelaw E. Transgenerational epigenetic inheritance[J]. Curr Biol, 2003, 13(1):R6. (gjkqyxzz.cn)
A summarization of DNA methyaltion modification research [J]. Chin J Cell Biol, 2010, 32(2):189-192. (gjkqyxzz.cn)

These characteristics correlate with a distinct nuclear architecture, epigenetic signatures enriched for active chromatin marks and hyperdynamic binding of structural chromatin proteins. (biomedcentral.com)
Furthermore, GSOs protected cells against GLU-induced apoptosis by reducing the expression of the mitochondrial apoptosis-associated Bcl-2 family effector proteins and protected cells from GLU-induced oxidative damage by increasing the nuclear translocation of Nrf2 and HO-1 expression. (sdbonline.org)
The localization of RNAs in the cell can influence their folding, editing, splicing, translation, degradation, and even the fate of the proteins they encode. (distefano-lab.com)
Overexpressing the three proteins together allowed the researchers to generate haploid cells -- those with only one copy of each chromosome -- expressing proteins found in mature sperm. (sciencedaily.com)

Professor Elena Cattaneo is Director of the Laboratory of Stem Cell Biology and Pharmacology of Neurodegenerative Diseases at the Department of Pharmacological Sciences, as well as a co-founder and first appointed Director of UniStem , the Centre for Stem Cell Research of the University of Milano. (eurostemcell.org)

The commonality of plasticity underlying multipotent tumor cells and embryonic stem cells. (plurisomes.com)

restorative research provides evidence for natural rejuvenation processes occurring at the epigenetic level during mammalian embryogenesis. (epigenie.com)
For example, the rejuvenation of the germline in mammalian offspring removes any deleterious aging-associated changes passed on by parents and returns epigenetic aging to " ground zero " during early embryogenesis to prevent accumulated damage from affecting future generations. (epigenie.com)

체세포 핵 치환 (Somatic-cell nuclear transfer, SCNT)은 난자 의 핵 을 제거한 후에, 체세포 의 핵을 이식하여 복제 를 하는 기술을 말한다. (wikipedia.org)
The Dolly experiment showed that scientists could reprogram the nucleus of somatic cells by transferring the contents of the nucleus into oocytes that have had their nuclei removed, a technique called somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT). (asu.edu)

Biophysical constraints prevent the transgenerational epigenetic inheritance of virus-driven pathology, which is caused by the virus-driven theft of quantized energy that links the degradation of messenger RNA to all pathology. (rna-mediated.com)

In the past year, we have been looking more deeply into the mechanism by which the mammalian egg suppresses one of these classes of small RNAs, the microRNAs, but not the other, the endogenous siRNAs. (ca.gov)
As stem cells have elongated proliferative capacity, they should have a mechanism that maintains telomere length through many cell divisions. (nature.com)
This study aims to understand the function and mechanism of Drosophila Glycine N-acyltransferase (GLYAT) in cell invasion. (sdbonline.org)
On the mechanism of inhibition of DNA-cytosine methyltransferases by cytosine analogs[J]. Cell, 1983, 33(1):9-10. (gjkqyxzz.cn)

Recently, RNAs have been shown to be selectively sequestered in cytoplasmic condensates, however, the functional role and composition of RNA condensates during cell fate specification remain unknown. (distefano-lab.com)

Indeed, the repressive histone modifications H3K9me3 and H4K20me3 are associated with ERVs in mouse ES cells [12] , [13] . (prolekarniky.cz)
Single-cell profiling of transcriptome and histone modifications with EpiDamID. (axonmedchem.com)

We also profiled lncRNA and mRNA expression in three mouse male germ cell-related cell lines (F9, GC-1 and GC-2). (biomedcentral.com)

A germ cell-specific gene regulatory network is required to maintain the unique properties of primordial germ cells (PGCs) for transmission of genetic information to the next generation [ 6 ]. (biomedcentral.com)

Many promoters in embryonic stem (ES) cells harbor a distinctive histone modification signature that combines the activating histone H3 Lys 4 trimethylation (H3K4me3) mark an. (researchgate.net)
Subsequently, the N(6)-methyladenosine (m6A) modification of mammalian mRNAs was discovered in 1974 [ 2 , 3 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
However, due to the limitation of technology and the advanced structure of RNA, research progress on RNA epigenetic modification has been limited. (biomedcentral.com)
Therefore, the field of RNA epigenetic modification research has emerged. (biomedcentral.com)

Cell invasion is a crucial step of tumor metastasis , finding new regulators of which offers potential drug targets for cancer therapy. (sdbonline.org)
In addition to basic science investigations in such areas as tumor cell invasion, oncogenes, immunotherapy and genetic inheritance, our scientists and physicians participate in national cancer trials. (upstate.edu)
Tumor vascular cells are critical for the growth of tumor stem cells, which reside within the vascular niche. (nih.gov)
One challenge with characterizing tumor stem cells has been finding appropriate conditions for in vivo growth. (nih.gov)
We therefore propose (3) to isolate ovarian tumor stem cells and grow them in vivo using the ESC ovarian cancer model. (nih.gov)

Telomerase can add telomeric repeats onto the chromosome ends, and prevents the replication-dependent loss of telomere and cellular senescence in highly proliferative cells of the germline and in the majority of cancers ( Blasco, 2005 ). (nature.com)

Additional confusion surrounds stem-cell surrogates, cache and reserve cells having some characteristics of stem cells and not others. (iospress.com)
Heterogeneous gene expressions of cells are widely observed in self-renewing pluripotent stem cells, suggesting possible coexistence of multiple cellular states with distinct characteristics. (biomedcentral.com)

Transposable elements pervading mammalian genomes mostly originate from retrotransposons, including long interspersed nuclear elements (LINEs), short interspersed nuclear elements (SINEs), and endogenous retroviruses (ERVs) ( 2 , 3 ). (rna-mediated.com)

Cell potency is a cell's ability to differentiate into other cell types. (wikipedia.org)
The more cell types a cell can differentiate into, the greater its potency. (wikipedia.org)
In contrast, pluripotent cells can only differentiate into embryonic cells. (wikipedia.org)
In 2011, research revealed that cells may differentiate not into a fully totipotent cell, but instead into a "complex cellular variation" of totipotency. (wikipedia.org)
After reaching a 16-cell stage, the totipotent cells of the morula differentiate into cells that will eventually become either the blastocyst's Inner cell mass or the outer trophoblasts. (wikipedia.org)

Anatomy62

Organisms14

Diseases5

Chemicals and Drugs64

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment51

Phenomena and Processes62

Disciplines and Occupations4

Technology, Industry, Agriculture1

Information Science3

Differentiation41

Embryos15

Mouse embryonic2

Mechanisms28

Tissues11

Regulation15

Pluripotency9

ESCs6

Source of embryonic stem2

Pathways5

Regenerative5

Together with the epigenetic1

Vitro3

Genes17

Transcriptional6

Developmental9

Embryo7

Methylation8

Hematopoietic stem1

20172

Molecular8

Gene expression5

Fibroblasts2

Progenitor cells1

Regulates1

Genome3

Proliferation3

Development23

Mesenchymal9

Neural2

Chromatin Structure1

Fetal1

Human26

Neuronal1

Transcription factors4

Reprogramming9

Therapies1

Tissue8

Biol2

Proteins4

Biology1

Multipotent1

Embryogenesis2

Somatic cell nuc2

Transgenerational1

Mechanism4

RNAs1

Histone modifications2

MRNA1

Primordial1

Modification4

Tumor5

Germline1

Characteristics2

Originate1

Differentiate5