Embryonic stem cells human tissues derivation of stem cells from cloned human embryos. Medical search. Frequent questions

Stem cells are not specialized and the process of their specialization is called differentiation. (benthamscience.com)
The laws surrounding the two differ because while both have similar capacities in differentiation, their modes of derivation are not. (wikipedia.org)
The ICOC has approved a very well-balanced portfolio of research proposals, including those aimed at understanding stem cell differentiation and identifying new ways of obtaining hESCs, and many that target specific diseases," Hall said. (ca.gov)
Derivation and differentiation of haploid human embryonic stem cells. (nature.com)
Colleoni S., Broccoli V., Galli C., Lazzari G. "Peripheral and central neural differentiation of human embryonic stem cells. (istitutospallanzani.it)
Stability of Imprinting and Differentiation Capacity in Naïve Human Cells Induced by Chemical Inhibition of CDK8 and CDK19. (axonmedchem.com)
Ideally, iPSC-based therapies in the future will rely on the isolation of skin fibroblasts or keratinocytes, their reprogramming into iPSCs, and the correction of the genetic defect followed by differentiation into the desired cell type and transplantation. (biomedcentral.com)
1 Department of Cell Growth and Differentiation, Center for iPS Cell Research and Application, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan. (jci.org)
Stem and progenitor cell populations are often heterogeneous, which may reflect stem cell subsets that express subtly different properties, including different propensities for lineage selection upon differentiation, yet remain able to interconvert. (lu.se)
A key challenge is to understand how state, but must also afford flexibility in cell-fate choice to permit the different cell-fate options confronting stem and progenitor cell-type diversification and differentiation in response to cells are selected and coordinated such that adoption of a given intrinsic cues or extrinsic signals. (lu.se)
Evidence the fate of stem cells has broad ramifications for biomedical suggests that during development or differentiation, cells make science from elucidating the causes of cancer to the use of very precise transitions between apparently stable ``network stem cells in regenerative medicine. (lu.se)
In this review, we describe the cardiac differentiation from ES cells, iPS cells, and the current progress of using iPS cell-derived cardiomyocytes for heart disease modeling and for the development of therapeutic strategies. (biomedcentral.com)
Our research focuses on developmental pathways that regulate hematopoietic cell growth and differentiation and are disrupted in the course of neoplastic transformation, particularly in leukemias and lymphomas. (stanford.edu)
While more and more long intergenic non-coding RNAs (lincRNAs) were identified to take important roles in both maintaining pluripotency and regulating differentiation, how these lincRNAs may define and drive cell fate decisions on a global scale are still mostly elusive. (biomedcentral.com)
To establish protocols for the safe and efficient differentiation of healthy cells for therapies, we must develop a better understanding of the dynamic continuum of metabolic states that span pluripotency and differentiation, and how to influence them. (conditionmed.org)
The established dogma has however been challenged by recent findings suggesting that multipotent stem cells have a broader differentiation potential than previously thought. (biomedcentral.com)
Dazl can regulate the expression, transport and localization of target mRNAs of proteins which control the differentiation, growth and maturation of germ cells. (ijbs.com)

In mouse, only epiblast cells can be directly converted into cultured pluripotent embryonic stem cells, capable of forming all adult cell types. (bioone.org)
The cells giving rise to the foetus, are called pluripotent embryonic stem cells, since they can form every cell type in the body. (biomedcentral.com)
A recent study indicates that even adult humans might harbor cells resembling pluripotent embryonic stem cells. (biomedcentral.com)

Very early during mammalian development the embryo differentiates into 2 main cell lineages, the inner cell mass (ICM) which will mainly contribute to embryonic tissues, and the trophoblast which will form extra-embryonic tissues. (biomedicineandprevention.com)
The fertilized oocyte is totipotent, with resultant blastomeres capable of generating all three primary germ layers, ectoderm, mesoderm, and endoderm, in addition to the extra embryonic tissues. (conditionmed.org)

Mouse nuclear transfer embryonic stem cells (NT-ESCs) were first established in 2000, and then proved to be able to differentiate either in vivo or in vitro, and give rise to individual tissues through germ line transmission or tetraploid complementation. (benthamscience.com)
Because ES cells are cultured from the embryoblast 4-5 days after fertilization, harvesting them is most often done from donated embryos from in vitro fertilization (IVF) clinics. (wikipedia.org)
France prohibits reproductive cloning and embryo creation for research purposes, but enacted laws (with a sunset provision expiring in 2009) to allow scientists to conduct stem cell research on imported a large amount of embryos from in vitro fertilization treatments. (wikipedia.org)
… "human clone" means an embryo that, as a result of the manipulation of human reproductive material or an in vitro embryo, contains a diploid set of chromosomes obtained from a single - living or deceased - human being, fetus, or embryo. (hinxtongroup.org)
Mouse ES cells have been widely utilized as an in vitro model to study cardiogenesis, as cardiomyocytes were found to spontaneously differentiate from ES cells after withdrawal of LIF (leukemia inhibitory factor), which functions to maintain the pluripotency of undifferentiated mouse ES cells [ 2 - 4 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Human heart tissues grown as three-dimensional spheroids and consisting of different cardiac cell types derived from pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) recapitulate aspects of human physiology better than standard two-dimensional models in vitro. (bvsalud.org)
SSCs can be isolated from the testis and cultured in vitro for longterm periods in the presence of feeder cells (often mouse embryonic fibroblasts). (molcells.org)
Although several in vitro SSC culture systems without feeder cells have been previously described, our Matrigel-based feeder-free culture system is time- and cost- effective, and preserves self-renewability of SSCs. (molcells.org)
Established SSCs are useful stem cell lines that allow not only to study basic reproductive biology but also to develop an in vitro model for applications in assisted reproductive medicine. (molcells.org)
When primary SSCs are derived from the testis and proliferated in vitro , mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs) are the most commonly used feeder cells that play a role of such microniche by allowing secure attachment and proliferation of SSCs. (molcells.org)
In vitro experimental models to study the efficiency of the placental barrier for environmental toxicants: tumor cell lines versus trophoblast primary cells. (biomedicineandprevention.com)
In this mini-review, we aim to present and critically analyse the different in vitro models that have been proposed as an alternative to in vivo and ex vivo studies to elucidate the ability of different xenobiotics to interfere with fetal development by direct (transplacental crossing and accumulation in embryonic tissues) or indirect action (e.g., inflammation, perturbation of placental function). (biomedicineandprevention.com)
Several trophoblast cell lines have been developed for in vitro studies of trophoblast physiology and in the following paragraphs we will give a brief overview on the cells have been used to develop in vitro models of the placental barrier. (biomedicineandprevention.com)
Several trophoblast cell lines have been developed and used to reproduce in vitro the trophoblast layer of the placenta. (biomedicineandprevention.com)
In vitro studies indicate that Dab2 establishes epithelial cell polarity and organization by directing endocytic trafficking of membrane glycoproteins. (biomedcentral.com)
We discuss what is known about the distinct metabolic states captured in vitro by the 2-cell-like, naïve, blastocyst-like, formative, and primed states of pluripotency. (conditionmed.org)
2019). Akin to the dynamic nutrient requirements of the developing embryo, discrete in vitro cell states have distinct metabolic profiles (Zhou et al. (conditionmed.org)
It is only through understanding embryonic metabolism and development that we can derive and maintain different in vitro stem cell states for disease modeling and therapies. (conditionmed.org)
In vitro fertilized (IVF) embryos were cultured in the presence of dimethyl sulfoxide or inhibitors of MAP2K (0.4 μM PD0325901) and GSK3 (3 μM CHIR99021) from the zygote (Day 1) stage. (bioone.org)

To take human organ generation via BC and transplantation to the next step, we reviewed current emerging organ generation technologies and the associated efficiency of chimera formation in human cells from the standpoint of developmental biology. (frontiersin.org)
Both ES cells and iPS cells are pluripotent stem cells with capabilities of indefinite self-renewal and can be differentiated into almost all cell types of the body, which make them valuable for studying early developmental biology, for modeling and as therapy for human diseases. (biomedcentral.com)

The reproductive cloning of people is prohibited, including that for the purposes of donating organs, tissues and cells. (eurostemcell.org)
Belgium bans reproductive cloning but allows therapeutic cloning of embryos. (wikipedia.org)
Sweden forbids reproductive cloning, but allows therapeutic cloning and authorized a stem cell bank. (wikipedia.org)
Finally, and inexorably, a true professional scientist poses clearly challenging questions to his research colleagues, and to the scientific enterprise in general, about the dubious "scientific" justification for the current rush to clone human beings - for both "therapeutic" and for "reproductive" purposes. (lifeissues.net)
Agreeing with the premise of an earlier article in the same journal, he agrees that we "must not let our debate get completely derailed by vested interests, whether politically or economically motivated", and that the failure to find global agreement on human cloning at the U.N. could result in "reproductive" human cloning [and all the abuses of women that would entail]. (lifeissues.net)
But we can only wonder about the ethical propriety of producing the first human child with this technique, knowing that the hoped-for newborn would be a reproductive experiment, one that may end initially in numerous fetal failures. (eppc.org)
But what is not getting such wide reporting is the use of pluripotent stem cells (as well as many other types of cells and genetic engineering techniques) for reproductive purposes . (lifeissues.net)
3. National regulations of governance of human cloning and embryo research in general adopted so far confirm the convergence of views of the refusal to adopt legislation or guidelines permitting reproductive cloning , while they still show variations on the legitimacy of human cloning carried out as part of research agendas. (lifeissues.net)
Reproductive Cloning - Use of a donor cell to create a new human genetically identical to the donor. (schlich.co.uk)
Cloning technology, however, is perceived as having the potential for reproductive cloning, which raises serious ethical and moral concerns. (who.int)
Reproductive cloning versus germ cell (egg, ovum). (who.int)
Assisted reproductive technology (ART) and embryo research have posed many challenges to the different timeframes of science, ethics and law. (edu.au)
and the general public debate about reproductive cloning. (edu.au)

Induced pluripotent stem cells, another types of pluripotent stem cells derived from any tissue by reprogramming and are the homologous source of stem cells. (benthamscience.com)
The authors reviewed the biology of three types of pluripotent stem cells, embryonic stem cells, or ESCs, mesenchymal stem cells, or MSCs, and induced pluripotent stem cells, or iPS cells. (asu.edu)

Kuldip S. Sidhu , " Frontiers in Pluripotent Stem Cells Research and Therapeutic Potentials Bench-to-Bedside ", Bentham Science Publishers (2012). (benthamscience.com)
Embryonic stem cells (ESCs) can grow infinitely and give rise to all types of cells in human body, thus of tremendous therapeutic potentials for a variety of diseases, such as Parkinson's disease, spinal cord injury, and diabetes. (benthamscience.com)
Under such circumstances, the idea of "therapeutic cloning" was proposed, indicating the generation of ESCs from SCNT embryos for therapeutic purpose. (benthamscience.com)
But he is equally concerned about the unethical aspects inherent in the rush to perform " therapeutic " human cloning research, including the abuses to all vulnerable human patients who would be required to participate in clinical trials. (lifeissues.net)
But adult stem cells also raise some interesting ethical dilemmas alongside their great therapeutic promise. (eppc.org)
As explained in Chapter 2 , human neural organoids, transplants, and chimeras provide new models for such conditions and may lead to new knowledge about brain development and function, the discovery of disease mechanisms, new therapeutic targets, and better screening of potential new treatments. (nationalacademies.org)
In particular, scientific developments in areas such as iPS cells open new possibilities of research and, at mid term, of therapeutic applications, but they also bring new ethical challenges and problems requiring further reflection and debate. (lifeissues.net)
Therapeutic Cloning - Use of a donor cell to create pluripotent stem cells suitable for growing tissues for implantation into the donor or other patient. (schlich.co.uk)
Therapeutic cloning possesses enormous potential for revolutionizing medical and thera- peutic techniques. (who.int)
This is therapeutic cloning. (who.int)
This cell then has therapeutic cloning: the global the capacity to divide and grow into an exact replica of the original from whom the debate somatic cell was taken. (who.int)

The Law on Transplantation of Organs, Tissues, and Cells (promulgated SG No. 83/19 September 2003, into force 1 January 2004) regulates the use, collection and storage (including biobanks) of all cells, organs and human tissue in Bulgaria. (eurostemcell.org)
Law on the Transplantation of Organs, Tissues and Cells (Promulgated in the State Gazette, issue No. 83/19 September 2003, entered into force on 1 January 2004), at http://bgtransplant.bg/iat/docs/Law%20on%20transplantation.doc (Word download), accessed 10 October 2011. (eurostemcell.org)
However, tissue rejection following ESCs derivatives transplantation greatly hinders its application. (benthamscience.com)
In addition, as the genetic identity of the donor egg from which the ESCs are derived most likely will differ from that of potential recipients, patients who receive ESC-derived cells or tissues may face the same complications that result from organ transplantation (for example, immunorejection, graft-versus-host disease, and need for immunosuppression). (biomedcentral.com)
The differentiated ES cell cultures are heterogeneous and contain undifferentiated ES cells, which could result in teratoma formation after transplantation into the host. (biomedcentral.com)
Transplantation of a human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived airway epithelial cell sheet into the middle ear of rats. (kyoto-u.ac.jp)
A comparative study of mesenchymal stem cell transplantation and NTG-101 molecular therapy to treat degenerative disc disease. (kyoto-u.ac.jp)
Furthermore, the functionality of feeder-free cultured SSCs was confirmed by their transplantation into germ cell-depleted mice. (molcells.org)
in 1956 and Till and McCulloch in 1961, demonstrating that lethally irradiated mice could be rescued with cells from freshly isolated bone marrow [ 10 ] and that BM cells formed spleen clonies (CFU-S) following transplantation to irradiated recipients [ 30 ], respectively. (biomedcentral.com)

Abstract of the "Animal Biotechnology And Its Applications To Animal And Human Health" Conference. (istitutospallanzani.it)

Stem cells are emerging as an important source of material for diseases in regenerative medicine. (benthamscience.com)
The study of biology of stem cells is the hallmark of the recent emerging field of regenerative medicine and medical biotechnology. (benthamscience.com)
The holy grail of regenerative medicine-whatever one's ethical beliefs about destroying embryos-is to "reprogram" regular cells from one's own body so that individuals can be the source of their own rejection-proof therapies. (eppc.org)
The 29-member Independent Citizens Oversight Committee (ICOC), governing board of the California Institute for Regenerative Medicine (CIRM), today approved 29 Comprehensive Research Grants for approximately $74.6 million over four years, to accomplished stem cell investigators at academic and non-profit research centers throughout the state. (ca.gov)
Derivation of autologous induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) through direct reprogramming of easily accessible somatic cells holds the potential to transform the field of regenerative medicine. (biomedcentral.com)
Although this technology holds the potential to revolutionize drug discovery and regenerative medicine, important technical issues associated with the derivation of iPSCs still hinder its clinical translation. (biomedcentral.com)
The use of various types of stem cells for research purposes to make disease "models" in the lab for regenerative medicine and for "therapies" to cure sick patients for diseases is constantly in the news. (lifeissues.net)
1 Institute for Stem Cell Research and MRC Centre for Regenerative Medicine,University of Edinburgh, King's Buildings, West Mains Road, Edinburgh EH9 3JQ,UK. (silverchair.com)

To varying degrees, these fates also extend to the Such state stability is required in stem and progenitor cells to immediate progeny of stem cells, known as progenitor or support self-renewal and maintenance of the uncommitted transit-amplifying cells. (lu.se)
Progenitor cells from which all blood cells derived. (edu.au)
Small-molecule inhibitor cocktail promotes the proliferation of pre-existing liver progenitor cells. (kyoto-u.ac.jp)

The rat Downunder (Du) coat color mutation is associated with eye anomalies and embryonic lethality and maps to a 3.9-Mb region on chromosome 3. (kyoto-u.ac.jp)
Keratin 5-Cre-driven excision of nonmuscle myosin IIA in early embryo trophectoderm leads to placenta defects and embryonic lethality. (shengsci.com)
Timed mating showed that embryonic lethality occurred by embryonic day (E) ~E11.5, somewhat delayed compared to mice lacking Notch1 or Pofut1 (the O-fucosyltransferase that adds O-fucose to Notch receptors), which die at ~E9.5. (biomedcentral.com)

In 2001, the British Parliament amended the Human Fertilisation and Embryology Act 1990 (since amended by the Human Fertilisation and Embryology Act 2008) to permit the destruction of embryos for hESC harvests but only if the research satisfies one of the following requirements: Increases knowledge about the development of embryos, Increases knowledge about serious disease, or Enables any such knowledge to be applied in developing treatments for serious disease. (wikipedia.org)
The mechanisms underlying the appearance of asymmetry between cells in the early embryo and consequently the specification of distinct cell lineages during mammalian development remain elusive. (nature.com)
Rossant, J. & Tam, P. P. L. Emerging asymmetry and embryonic patterning in early mouse development. (nature.com)
Graham, C. F. & Lehtonen, E. Formation and consequences of cell patterns in preimplantation mouse development. (nature.com)
Speman, H. Embryonic development and induction. (nature.com)
Development of new ways of deriving hESCs and investigating the special capabilities of newly-derived human cell lines. (ca.gov)
… "embryo" means a human organism during the first 56 days of its development following fertilization or creation, excluding any time during which its development has been suspended, and includes any cell derived from such an organism that is used for the purpose of creating a human being. (hinxtongroup.org)
Recording and contextualizing the science of embryos, development, and reproduction. (asu.edu)
Pluripotent stem cells are a special cell type that can give rise to other types of cells and are essential for development. (asu.edu)
Robert describes part-human animals, otherwise known as chimeras, as those resulting from the intentional combination of human and nonhuman cells, tissues, or organs at any stage of development. (asu.edu)
Revealing cell populations catching the early stages of the human embryo development in naïve pluripotent stem cells. (axonmedchem.com)
increased public sensitivity and awareness together with the development of national regulations of governance of human cloning and embryo research in general. (lifeissues.net)
Induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) are capable of unlimited self-renewal and can give rise to all three germ layers, thereby providing a new platform with which to study mammalian development and epigenetic reprogramming. (molcells.org)
Tissue-specific stem cells (also known as Somatic Stem Cells) that appear during fetal development and remain in the body throughout life. (edu.au)
These data provide insight into epigenetic errors that may be associated with the poor development of embryos generated from immature spermatozoa. (shengsci.com)
In studies initially focused on roles of nonmuscle myosin IIA (NMIIA) in the developing mouse epidermis, we have discovered that a previously described cytokeratin 5 (K5)-Cre gene construct is expressed in early embryo development. (shengsci.com)
Neuronal determination during embryonic development of the grasshopper nervous system. (shengsci.com)
The study of the new dab2 mutant allele in embryos and embryoid bodies confirms a role for Dab2 in extraembryonic endoderm development and epithelial organization. (biomedcentral.com)
Conditional deletion indicates that Dab2 is dispensable for organ development, when the vast majority of the embryonic cells are dab2 null. (biomedcentral.com)
The phenotype of C57BL/6 J Notch1 [12f/12f] embryos was milder than mutants affected by loss of a canonical Notch pathway member, but disorganized vasculogenesis in the yolk sac, delayed somitogenesis and development were characteristic. (biomedcentral.com)
We are studying the role that normal chromatin structure plays in gene regulation in hematopoietic cells and how its disruption leads to altered development and cancer. (stanford.edu)
Functional analysis further demonstrated that hES lincRNAs were preferentially involved in multiple development processes including embryo development, ribosome biogenesis, and aging. (biomedcentral.com)
Here, we consider the metabolism of the early embryo through development, and look at the nutrient milieu within the developing stem cell niche. (conditionmed.org)
2020). This places metabolism at the forefront of development and cell state decisions. (conditionmed.org)
The developing embryo, from which pluripotent stem cells originate, undergoes a series of dynamic metabolic transitions synchronized to its molecular development. (conditionmed.org)
During development, these will form extraembryonic and embryonic tissues, respectively. (bioone.org)
Following cumulus removal, 2i accelerated blastocyst development and increased inner cell mass (ICM) and trophoblast cell numbers by 30% and 27%, respectively. (bioone.org)
There are different types of stem cells that best can be described in the context of normal human development [ 23 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
A few of the cells in the inner cell mass will develop into the foetus, whereas the rest will form the placenta and other supporting tissues needed for foetal development in the uterus. (biomedcentral.com)
However, they cannot form an organism because they are unable to give rise to extra embryonic tissue essential for normal development in the uterus. (biomedcentral.com)
Stem cell technology is the latest development in this controversial branch of science. (edu.au)
The ethical and legal controversies that were aroused in the ART debates during the 1980s have been re-ignited with the development of stem cell technology. (edu.au)

However, the derivation of human NT-ESCs goes with the destruction of clone embryos, leading to fierce ethical disputes. (benthamscience.com)
The recent desperation to clone human embryos may be seriously undermining accepted ethical principles of medical research, with potentially profound wider consequences. (lifeissues.net)
There, he reviews the scientific and ethical justifications and restrictions on creating part-human animals. (asu.edu)
Their report on human-animal chimeras set a worldwide precedent for discussions of the ethical use of those embryos in labs. (asu.edu)
The potential use of embryonic stem cells (ESCs) for cell replacement therapies is limited by ethical concerns and the technical hurdles associated with their isolation from human embryos. (biomedcentral.com)
Ethical issues common to human neural organoids, transplants, and chimeras include (1) the ethical value of relieving human suffering and disease, (2) concerns about encroachment on divine roles, and (3) ethical issues related to human donors of biological materials. (nationalacademies.org)
In Enhancing Evolution, leading bioethicist John Harris dismantles objections to genetic engineering, stem-cell research, designer babies, and cloning and makes an ethical case for biotechnology that is both forthright and rigorous. (philpapers.org)
This issue was considered by the House of Representatives Standing Committee on Legal and Constitutional Affairs in its report entitled Human Cloning: Scientific, Ethical and Regulatory Aspects of Human Cloning and Stem Cell Research (hereafter the Andrews Report , after the Chair of the Committee, Mr Kevin Andrews, MP) released in September 2001. (edu.au)
The report arose out of a recommendation for the Committee to review the report of the Australian Health Ethics Committee (AHEC) of the NHMRC entitled Scientific, Ethical and Regulatory Considerations Relevant to Cloning of Human Beings (hereafter the AHEC Report ). (edu.au)

Androgenetic haploid embryonic stem cells produce live transgenic mice. (nature.com)
Mouse embryonic fibroblast cells (MEFs) carrying an Oct4-GFP reporter were derived from day 13.5 embryos of the OG2 transgenic mouse strain and were cultured in Fibro Gro Low Serum (F.Gro) medium (Millipore). (molcells.org)
The ECFP and EYFP-expressing transgenic ES cells and mice that we have generated provide sources of cells and tissues for combinatorial, double-tagged recombination experiments, chimeras or transplantations. (biomedcentral.com)

Ethically, since eventually all such "research" will be applied to people, he cautions against the abuse of women "egg" donors, and against the premature use of vulnerable sick human patients for testing supposedly "patient-specific" stem cells in supposed "therapies", pointing to the obvious violations of standard international research ethics guidelines such clinical trials would necessarily entail. (lifeissues.net)
With these new grants, California is continuing on the path of turning the hope and promise of stem cell research into the reality of therapies and cures for millions of Californians and people across the globe. (ca.gov)
There are currently no controlled human clinical trials underway for ESC-derived therapies. (robertpgeorge.com)
We now see a patent landscape where stem cell technologies and related therapies can, with very few exceptions, be protected via patents, provided the appropriate form of claim wording is used. (schlich.co.uk)
Stem cell technologies promise to be the next transformative medical technology offering therapies for conditions and diseases that are currently beyond medical science by creating replacement or supplementary tissues for a patient. (schlich.co.uk)

Up to the 2-cell embryo, blastomeres remain totipotent (Garner and McLaren, 1974). (conditionmed.org)
A fertilized egg is totipotent, meaning that its potential is total, and as the fertilized egg divides all the cells in the embryo remain totipotent until the fertilized egg has reached the 8/16-cell stage. (biomedcentral.com)

Brunetti D., Lagutina I., Perota A., Colleoni S., Duchi R., Lucchini F., Lazzari G., Galli C. "Derivation of bovine fetal fibroblasts harboring OCT4-GFP vector and analysis of GFP expression in cloned embryos. (istitutospallanzani.it)
In 2006, a major breakthrough was reported in Japan by Takahashi and Yamanaka, who described the generation of induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) from mouse fibroblasts via over expression of defined transcription factors [ 2 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
2008). Historically, this concept is highlighted by the experi- factors are key intrinsic regulators of these fate decisions and mental phenomenon of lineage reprogramming, for example, that fate choice involves modulating networks of transcription by the conversion of fibroblasts to muscles cells following trans- factors. (lu.se)
Generation of Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells from Diabetic Foot Ulcer Fibroblasts Using a Nonintegrative Sendai Virus. (hpscreg.eu)
We demonstrated that fully functional EHTs could be generated from physiologically relevant combinations of hiPSC-derived cardiomyocytes (70%), cardiac fibroblasts (15%) and cardiac endothelial cells (15%), using as few as 1.6 × 104 cells. (bvsalud.org)

A common example of a stem cell is the hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) which are multipotent stem cells that give rise to cells of the blood lineage. (wikipedia.org)
In contrast to multipotent stem cells, embryonic stem cells are pluripotent and are thought to be able to give rise to all cells of the body. (wikipedia.org)
The pluripotent stem cells differentiate further into cells commonly called multipotent stem cells. (biomedcentral.com)
Examples of multipotent stem cells are those producing blood, nerve and muscle cells. (biomedcentral.com)
Multipotent stem cells are present in the adult individual as well as the fetus and umbilical cord. (biomedcentral.com)
Although several reports indicate an ability of multipotent stem cells to produce cells even outside their normal limits, most of these findings remain highly controversial. (biomedcentral.com)
The progressive generation of chick and mouse axial tissues - the spinal cord, skeleton and musculature of the body - has long been proposed to depend on the activity of multipotent stem cells. (silverchair.com)

SUMOylation of linker histone H1 drives chromatin condensation and restriction of embryonic cell fate identity. (axonmedchem.com)

However, the mice were grossly normal when dab2 deletion was restricted to the embryo proper and the gene was retained in extraembryonic tissues using Meox2-Cre and Sox2-Cre. (biomedcentral.com)
The blastocyst comprises the inner cell mass (ICM), which gives rise to the three primary germ layers and consequently the fetus, and the trophectoderm (TE), which gives rise to the extraembryonic and placental tissue. (conditionmed.org)

Long before the controversy emerged over human embryonic stem cells, scientists and doctors began using first-generation stem cells from adult bone marrow. (eppc.org)
Intravenous infusion of bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells improves tissue perfusion in a rat hindlimb ischemia model. (kyoto-u.ac.jp)

What is more, by deriving NT-ESCs from patient cells, the problem of immune rejection may be avoided. (benthamscience.com)

Research advocates attack President Bush for "banning stem cell research," while pro-life advocates lament a Republican administration and Congress that have banned nothing-not embryo destruction, not human cloning, not fetal farming, not genetic engineering. (eppc.org)
That is to say, we risk turning developed cells into developing embryos, and thus risk engaging in the very activities of embryo destruction and human cloning that we seek to avoid. (eppc.org)
Since 1995, Congress has annually reauthorized a law-called the "Dickey Amendment"-prohibiting federal funding for research "in which" embryos are destroyed while leaving embryo destruction in the private sector entirely unregulated. (eppc.org)
Before leaving office, President Clinton sought to get around the existing law without actually changing it, by funding research on embryonic stem cells so long as the actual embryo destruction was paid for with private dollars. (eppc.org)
It did not endorse the creation of embryos by cloning or other methods for use in research involving their destruction. (robertpgeorge.com)
Concerns about embryo destruction are not only religious. (robertpgeorge.com)
In the US, where a portion of the population is opposed to destruction of human embryos to obtain stem cells, what avenues are open to scientists for obtaining pluripotent cells that do not offend the moral sensibilities of a significant number of citizens? (asu.edu)

Research involving human neural organoids, transplants, and chimeras has an ultimate goal of preventing and treating the great suffering caused by serious neurological and psychiatric conditions for which no effective treatment is available. (nationalacademies.org)
Some of these concerns, such as ensuring the welfare of research animals and obtaining appropriate consent for the use of human tissues, also apply to many other areas of research, but may require special consideration for research with human neural organoids, cell transplants, and chimeras. (nationalacademies.org)
Chapter 2 presents the science behind these models and describes the challenges of measuring and monitoring such characteristics and capacities in human neural organoids, transplants, and chimeras. (nationalacademies.org)
neural organoids, transplants, and chimeras, and then at issues specific to human neural transplants and chimeras or to neural organoids. (nationalacademies.org)
A main justification for carrying out research, both basic and translational, with human neural organoids, transplants, and chimeras is that it will help in the discovery of new ways to understand and treat neurological and psychiatric disorders, which, as discussed previously, cause immense suffering and for which treatments are ineffective or lacking. (nationalacademies.org)
Vertebrate embryos display a highly characteristic spatial patterning of tissues, including the arrangement of the neural tube, the somitic mesoderm and the notochord along the rostrocaudal (head-tail) length of the body axis( Fig. 1 ). (silverchair.com)
Cells from this region contribute to the neural tube and the somites, as well as to the notochord. (silverchair.com)
The progenitors of the lateral and dorsal neural tube, and of some somitic tissue,are found in an arc of epiblast tissue on either side of the primitive streak. (silverchair.com)

Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol , Art. (mpi-cbg.de)

Given the complexity of the human brain and the particularly human nature of many key symptoms of these disorders, especially psychiatric disorders, animal and cell culture models of the types currently used to investigate diseases of other organs and tissues are valuable but inadequate. (nationalacademies.org)

Depending on the source, stem cells can be classified into two broad categories i.e. embryonic stem cells that are derived from embryos and non-embryonic stem cells that are derived from adult and fetal tissues. (benthamscience.com)

It is quite possible that the advances in human biology in the remainder of the twentieth century will be remembered as the most significant scientific achievement of the animal species known as Homo sapiens . (lifeissues.net)
Understanding cell-fate decisions in stem cell populations is a major goal of modern biology. (lu.se)
One of the greatest controversies triggered tissue, a stem cell encoding for heart tissue by the rapid pace of evolution in biology, will eventually develop into heart tissue particularly in genomics and biotechnology, and so on. (who.int)

Resolution of cell fate decisions revealed by single-cell gene expression analysis from zygote to blastocyst. (nature.com)
Standard embryology texts insist that from the zygote (single-cell embryo) stage forward there exists a new living member of the species homo sapiens. (robertpgeorge.com)

Human embryonic stem cell research and the derivation of human embryonic stem cell lines is not directly regulated by Bulgarian legislation, but falls partially within the scope of the Bulgarian Health Act (promulgated SG No. 70/10 August 2004, into force from 1 January 2005). (eurostemcell.org)
According to the act, surplus embryos donated following IVF treatment can be used for research purposes, subject to the informed consent of the donor(s). (eurostemcell.org)
Medical research on human subjects is mainly overseen by the Bulgarian Central Ethics Commission (CEC), which is accountable to the Ministry of Health. (eurostemcell.org)
Stem cell laws are the law rules, and policy governance concerning the sources, research, and uses in treatment of stem cells in humans. (wikipedia.org)
The European Union has yet to issue consistent regulations with respect to stem cell research in member states. (wikipedia.org)
Whereas Germany, Austria, Italy, Finland, Portugal and the Netherlands prohibit or severely restrict the use of embryonic stem cells, Greece, Sweden, Spain and the United Kingdom have created the legal basis to support this research. (wikipedia.org)
Germany has restrictive policies for stem cell research, but a 2008 law authorizes "the use of imported stem cell lines produced before May 1, 2007. (wikipedia.org)
According to modern stem cell researchers, Spain is one of the leaders in stem cell research and currently has one of the most progressive legislations worldwide with respect to human embryonic stem cell (hESC) research. (wikipedia.org)
The new Spanish law allows existing frozen embryos - of which there are estimated to be tens of thousands in Spain - to be kept for patient's future use, donated for another infertile couple, or used in research. (wikipedia.org)
In 2003, Spain's laws state that embryos left over from IVF and donated by the couple that created them can be used in research, including ES cell research, if they have been frozen for more than five years. (wikipedia.org)
The United Kingdom is one of the leaders in stem cell research, in the opinion of Lord Sainsbury, Science and Innovation Minister for the UK. (wikipedia.org)
A new £10 million stem cell research centre has been announced at the University of Cambridge. (wikipedia.org)
The primary legislation in South Africa that deals with embryo research is the Human Tissue Act, which is set to be replaced by Chapter 8 of the National Health Act. (wikipedia.org)
And he also agrees that if we don't find global agreement on human cloning, "we can probably expect dire consequences for the future of biomedical research and its impact on society at large. (lifeissues.net)
As he has questioned the HFEA before, would not the use of vulnerable human patients in clinical trials be premature, dangerous, and unethical given the already acquired knowledge in the research community that such supposed "patient-specific" stem cells would most probably cause serious immune rejection reactions in these patients? (lifeissues.net)
But they are also less equipped to produce every cell type of the body and less able to reproduce themselves indefinitely, which makes them less appealing to scientists interested in basic research. (eppc.org)
These moral perils are surely not a reason to oppose adult stem cell research, which deserves vigorous and expanded public support. (eppc.org)
LOS ANGELES, March 16, 2007 - Just a month after approving nearly $45 million for embryonic stem cell research, California's stem cell agency authorized another $75.7 million in additional funds for established scientists at 12 non-profit and academic institutions. (ca.gov)
The California spirit - the perseverance, creativity and resourcefulness that has made us a leader on everything from gold mining in the 19th Century to fighting global warming in this one - is fully present in our stem cell research teams. (ca.gov)
As of today, California is the largest and most stable source of funding for human embryonic stem cell research in the world," Klein said. (ca.gov)
These grants provide substantial support to a pool of very distinguished researchers in human embryonic stem cell research," declared Zach W. Hall, Ph.D., CIRM's President and Chief Scientific Officer. (ca.gov)
Combined with our training and SEED grants, the CIRM is now funding embryonic stem cell research in more than 100 California laboratories. (ca.gov)
We focused our initial grants on human embryonic stem cells specifically," Klein said, "because human embryonic stem cell research receives minimal funding from the federal government, and even those funds are restricted to lines of questionable value. (ca.gov)
Going forward, we will support a diverse range of stem cell research projects. (ca.gov)
Americans are divided over the question of whether it is morally acceptable to authorize by law, and fund with taxpayer dollars, research in which human embryos are destroyed. (robertpgeorge.com)
Stating that such research "crosses a moral boundary that our decent society needs to respect," President Bush vetoed legislation last summer that would have expanded federal funding of human embryonic stem cell (ESC) research. (robertpgeorge.com)
There is no "ban" on human embryonic stem cell research in the United States. (robertpgeorge.com)
Out of all peer-reviewed research papers published from 1998 through 2005 on original human ESC research, scientists from the U.S. published by far the most, 125 of the 315. (robertpgeorge.com)
The committee was willing to support the use of "excess" embryos from assisted reproduction clinics, but only if their use was necessary to advance life-saving research. (robertpgeorge.com)
It is increasingly clear that there are non-embryo destructive research alternatives that hold out the promise of providing sources of stem cells with properties equivalent to, or nearly equivalent to, embryonic cells. (robertpgeorge.com)
You don't need religion to tremble at the thought of unrestricted embryo research. (robertpgeorge.com)
In 1972, Peter Mazur, Stanley Leibo, and Ernest Chu published, "A Two-Factor Hypothesis of Freezing Injury: Evidence from Chinese Hamster Tissue-culture Cells," hereafter, "A Two-Factor Hypothesis of Freezing Injury," in the journal, Experimental Cell Research. (asu.edu)
Published in 2002, prostate cancer researcher John R. Masters authored a review article HeLa Cells 50 Years On: The Good, The Bad, and The Ugly that described the historical and contemporary context of the HeLa cell line in research in Nature Reviews Cancer. (asu.edu)
In 2007, the Human Fertilisation and Embryology Authority in London, UK, published Hybrids and Chimeras: A Report on the Findings of the Consultation, which summarized a public debate about research on, and suggested policy for, human animal chimeras. (asu.edu)
The institute encompasses 23 research groups that perform fundamental, multidisciplinary research on healthy and diseased cells, tissues and organisms. (maquisadeoccidente.com)
Stem cells and organoids Hans Clevers became famous with his stem-cell research into healthy and sick intestines. (maquisadeoccidente.com)
One such concern is the possibility of altering the capacities or consciousness of a research animal in ways that may blur the lines between human beings and nonhuman animals. (nationalacademies.org)
An in-depth analysis aiming at re-defining this terminology according to the new developments in human embryo research would be highly beneficial . (lifeissues.net)
Specifically, human iPS cells could be utilized to generate patient-specific lineages for a variety of translational research. (biomedcentral.com)
Does the consent anticipate that the donor will be notified of results or outcomes of any research involving the donated samples or derived cells? (hpscreg.eu)
International bi-monthly journal of cell signaling, tissue protection, and translational research. (conditionmed.org)
This paper outlines the debates prompted through a reproduction mechanism involv- by progress in cloning research, with special ing male and female germ cells. (who.int)
Embryonic stem cell technology is still at a preliminary research stage and announcements about its potential may be premature. (edu.au)
Experts from around the world are assessing the difficult issue of the extent to which embryonic stem cell research should be allowed to proceed, and to date there is little international consensus on this matter. (edu.au)
How, then, should embryonic stem cell research be regulated in Australia? (edu.au)
In this article we examine embryonic stem cell research and explore the current regulatory framework associated with this research in Australia, with particular reference to the Andrews Report . (edu.au)

DAZ family proteins are located in the nucleus and/or in the cytoplasm of male and female germ cells at different developmental stages throughout the gametogenesis. (ijbs.com)

In addition, we summarize the recent direct reprogramming of cardiomyocytes from fibroblast cells, which provides another method for potential heart disease therapy. (biomedcentral.com)

Efficient generation of embryonic stem cells from single blastomeres of cryopreserved mouse embryos in the presence of signalling modulators. (axonmedchem.com)

Possible role of intravenous administration of mesenchymal stem cells to alleviate interstitial cystitis/bladder pain syndrome in a Toll-like receptor-7 agonist-induced experimental animal model in rat. (kyoto-u.ac.jp)

In humans the placental barriers are composed by the endothelium of the fetal capillaries, and two layers of trophoblast cells, the syncytiotrophoblast, composed of syncytia forming a continuous lining of the villous tree, and the cytotrophoblast, composed of single cells forming a discontinuous layer in the mature placenta (Figure 1). (biomedicineandprevention.com)
Schematic representation of part of the human placenta and magnification of a placental villus depicting its cellular organization. (biomedicineandprevention.com)
2 - 4 In particular, a clone of the BeWo cells, BeWo b30, shows a good ability to form syncytia upon stimulation with forskolin, an activator of adenylyl cyclase, better resembling the syncytiotrophoblast layer of the placenta. (biomedicineandprevention.com)

Embryonic stem cells were isolated in mice in 1981, and in humans in 1998. (wikipedia.org)

Johnson, M. H. & Ziomek, C. A. The foundation of two distinct cell lineages within the mouse morula. (nature.com)
These stem cells are considered committed to certain cell lineages. (biomedcentral.com)

Molecular Cell , 82 (1), 190-208. (axonmedchem.com)
Molecular cell, 82(1), 106-122. (axonmedchem.com)
Molecular and Regenerative Characterization of Repair and Non-repair Schwann Cells. (kyoto-u.ac.jp)
In addition to these basic issues concerning leukemia pathogenesis, we are devising new diagnostic procedures for detecting and monitoring leukemia patients based on molecular genetic abnormalities in the malignant cells. (stanford.edu)
This mechanism also applies to hematopoietic cells transformed by other HOX genes, including CDX2, which is highly expressed in a majority of acute myeloid leukemias, thus providing a molecular approach based on GSK-3 inhibitory strategies to target HOX-associated transcription in a broad spectrum of leukemias. (stanford.edu)
Our findings demonstrate for the first time that molecular changes in osteoblasts influence the susceptibility to swelling by altering evasion of innate immune cells from your bone Lesopitron dihydrochloride marrow space. (informationalwebs.com)
These observations suggest that molecular changes in the stromal cell compartment of bone may impact susceptibility to swelling. (informationalwebs.com)
We also review the location and molecular characteristics of these putative stem cells, along with their evolutionary conservation in vertebrates and the signalling mechanisms that regulate and arrest axis extension. (silverchair.com)

Today, we can derive stem cells from a range of adult and newborn tissues: liver cells, kidney cells, brain cells, fat cells, and umbilical cord blood. (eppc.org)
The stem cells suits human needs, does not cause harm and can be obtained from both adult and fetal does not conflict with religious beliefs, it has tissues, umbilical cord and early embryos. (who.int)

Wutz, A. Haploid mouse embryonic stem cells: rapid genetic screening and germline transmission. (nature.com)
Genetic modification and screening in rat using haploid embryonic stem cells. (nature.com)
But in order to become a part of medical history, parahuman reproduction and human genetic engineering must circumvent the recalcitrance of an antiquated culture. (lifeissues.net)
How may genetic information associated with the cell line be accessed? (hpscreg.eu)
Human enhancement, Harris argues, is a good thing--good morally, good for individuals, good as social policy, and good for a genetic heritage that needs serious improvement. (philpapers.org)

In 2015, biologist Helena D. Zomer and colleagues published the review article "Mesenchymal and Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells: General Insights and Clinical Perspectives" or "Mesenchymal and Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells" in Stem Cells and Cloning: Advances and Applications. (asu.edu)

To circumvent these obstacles, considerable effort has been invested in attempting to derive ESC-like cells by reprogramming somatic cells to an embryonic state. (biomedcentral.com)
Several experimental strategies have been developed to derive iPSCs from differentiated somatic cells (summarized in Figure 1 ). (biomedcentral.com)
In reality, gene somatic cells to a pluripotent cell state by a handful of transcrip- expression is graded, making the potential gene expression tion factors (Takahashi and Yamanaka, 2006). (lu.se)
Embryonic stem (ES) cells are naturally derived from early stage embryos and induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells are reprogrammed from somatic cells with overexpression of four reprogramming factors, Oct4, Sox2, Klf4 and c-Myc. (biomedcentral.com)

In January 2007, researchers at Wake Forest University reported that "stem cells drawn from amniotic fluid donated by pregnant women hold much of the same promise as embryonic stem cells. (wikipedia.org)

1995) and subsequently in primary cells (Heyworth et al. (lu.se)

The non-embryonic stem cells like adult stem cells are in clinical use for many years and embryonic stem cells are now emerging as an alternative source for the same purpose with huge potentials in drug discovery and toxicological studies. (benthamscience.com)
By contrast, there are currently some 1200 clinical trials underway associated with human adult stem cells (ASCs). (robertpgeorge.com)
The biological properties and clinical potential of stem cells elicit that are generated must not be unduly sensitive to small fluctu- continued scientific, commercial, and public interest. (lu.se)
Does the consent permit uses of donated embryo/tissue or derived cell line intended for clinical treatment or human applications? (hpscreg.eu)
Recently, in combination with cardiomyocytes derived from human (induced) pluripotent stem cells they have started to become a preferred tool to examine newly developed drugs for potential cardiac toxicity in pre-clinical safety pharmacology. (bvsalud.org)

We confirmed that the feeder-free cultured SSCs expressed germ cell markers both at the mRNA and protein levels. (molcells.org)
Genomes from elongated spermatids exhibited an intermediate level of DNA methylation, between those of round spermatids and mature spermatozoa, suggesting that the male germ cell acquires the ability to maintain its undermethylated state in the paternal zygotic genome during this phase of spermiogenesis. (shengsci.com)

Rossant, J. & Vijh, K. M. Ability of outside cells from preimplantation mouse embryos to form inner cell mass derivatives. (nature.com)

ES cells were aggregated into three-dimensional structures, termed embryoid bodies (EBs), and suspended in media containing fetal calf serum. (biomedcentral.com)

These findings can be integrated in a new unified framework that regards the early mammalian embryo as a self-organizing system. (nature.com)

In July 2005, for example, scientists announced that they had engineered adult mouse stem cells into usable mouse eggs, a technique that might one day allow for the creation of human eggs from ordinary human cells. (eppc.org)
Figure 1: Classic models for lineage segregation in the early mouse embryo. (nature.com)
Rossant, J. & Tam, P. P. L. Blastocyst lineage formation, early embryonic asymmetries and axis patterning in the mouse. (nature.com)
Fleming, T. P. A quantitative analysis of cell allocation to trophectoderm and inner cell mass in the mouse blastocyst. (nature.com)
Louvet-Vallee, S., Vinot, S. & Maro, B. Mitotic spindles and cleavage planes are oriented randomly in the two-cell mouse embryo. (nature.com)
Rossant, J. & Lis, W. T. Potential of isolated mouse inner cell masses to form trophectoderm derivatives in vivo . (nature.com)
Piotrowska, K. & Zernicka-Goetz, M. Role for sperm in spatial patterning of the early mouse embryo. (nature.com)
Leeb, M. & Wutz, A. Derivation of haploid embryonic stem cells from mouse embryos. (nature.com)
Forward and reverse genetics through derivation of haploid mouse embryonic stem cells. (nature.com)
For example, mouse models of age-related neurodegenerative diseases fail to capture key features because the diseases typically strike humans in their 60s and 70s, whereas mice live for only 2 or 3 years. (nationalacademies.org)
In order, therefore, to obtain a purified cardiomyocyte population from mouse ES cells, several approaches have been developed. (biomedcentral.com)
Mouse ES cell-derived EBs were dissociated using collagenase, followed with a modified procedure by Isenberg and Klockner in 1982 to prepare the calcium-tolerant ventricular myocytes [ 18 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
We then validated the model in both primary mouse- and human pluripotent (embryonic) stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes showing that field potentials measured in MEAs could be converted to action potentials that were essentially identical to those determined directly by electrophysiological patch clamp. (bvsalud.org)
Tissue extracts of Mouse Testis (Lane 6) and Mouse Kidney (Lane 7) were electrophoresed using NuPAGE™ 3-8% Tris-Acetate Protein Gel (Product # EA0378BOX). (thermofisher.com)
In the mouse, a transporting epithelium is established around the 8-16-cell stage through a process known as compaction where cell definition is lost and the outer cells of the embryo form tight junctions, giving rise to the blastocyst. (conditionmed.org)
Much of the early patterning of the embryo is orchestrated during gastrulation by signals from a midline structure, known as the primitive streak in chick and mouse embryos. (silverchair.com)

However, though BC is emerging as a potential organ transplant option, challenges regarding organ size scalability, immune system incompatibilities, long-term maintenance, potential evolutionary distance, or unveiled mechanisms between donor and host cells remain. (frontiersin.org)
Has informed consent been obtained from the donor of the embryo/tissue from which the pluripotent stem cells have been derived? (hpscreg.eu)
Has the donor been informed that their donated biosample or derived cells may be tested for the presence of microbiological agents / pathogens? (hpscreg.eu)
Has the donor consented to receive information discovered during use of donated embryo/tissue that has significant health implications for the donor? (hpscreg.eu)

Compared to vehicle controls, 2i conditions increased the abundance of cumulus cells in bovine IVF cultures, which compromised blastocyst formation. (bioone.org)

The postcranial axis (i.e. tissue caudal to the head) is then generated over an extended period in a rostral-to-caudal sequence by cells that are derived from the primitive streak and the adjacent epiblast cells, which together eventually form the tail bud. (silverchair.com)

Stem cells may be derived from adult tissues but the most potent are extracted from developing human embryos. (edu.au)

A fragment of the Dab2 human cDNA was also isolated based on its frequent loss of expression in ovarian cancer, and was termed DOC-2 (Differentially expressed in ovarian carcinoma gene 2) [ 2 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
However, qRT-PCR of head cDNA showed increased expression of Dll3 , Uncx4.1 and Notch1 in E9.5 Notch1 [12f/12f] embryos. (biomedcentral.com)
Sequencing of cDNA from Notch1 [12f/12f] embryo heads and Southern analysis showed that the Notch1 [12f] locus was intact following backcrossing. (biomedcentral.com)

The constitutive dab2 deleted embryos showed a spectrum in the degree of endoderm disorganization in E5.5 and no mutant embryos persisted at E9.5. (biomedcentral.com)

The Comprehensive Grants approved today will support mature, ongoing studies on human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) by scientists with a record of accomplishment in the field. (ca.gov)
The con- is removed and replaced by a nucleus of cept of human cloning has long been in the another cell type, the stem cell will then imagination of many scientists, scholars and be reprogrammed to produce the product fiction writers [ 1 ]. (who.int)

The related coactivator complexes SAGA and ATAC control embryonic stem cell self-renewal through acetyltransferase-independent mechanisms. (axonmedchem.com)

James Thomson, the first scientist to derive stem cells from a human embryo, made this point clearly just a few weeks ago: "I don't want to sound too pessimistic because this is all doable, but it's going to be very hard. (robertpgeorge.com)

The nature of the stem cell substates and their relationship to commitment to differ- entiate and lineage selection can be elucidated in terms of a landscape picture in which stable states can be defined mathematically as attractors. (lu.se)
This requirement strongly limits the number of solutions or entiation and lineage-specification, programmed cell death, and ``states'' for the system. (lu.se)
Similarly, GATA-1 has been shown to induce lineage switching expression values even if, for simplicity, we assume only ``on'' of committed cells in hematopoiesis, first in cell lines (Kulessa and ``off'' states for each gene. (lu.se)

Driever, W. & Nüsslein-Volhard, C. A gradient of bicoid protein in Drosophila embryos. (nature.com)
Driever, W. & Nüsslein-Volhard, C. The bicoid protein determines position in the Drosophila embryo in a concentration-dependent manner. (nature.com)
Using our recently established haploid human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs), we generated a genome-wide loss-of-function library targeting 18,166 protein-coding genes to define the essential genes in hPSCs. (nature.com)
GCNA is a histone binding protein required for spermatogonial stem cell maintenance. (axonmedchem.com)
An induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) line, in which a H2B-fluorescent protein fusion is temporally expressed, is a valuable tool to track cells and study cell divisions and apoptosis. (bvsalud.org)
We have previously demonstrated the utility and developmental neutrality of enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP) in embryonic stem (ES) cells and mice [ 2 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
In this study we have used embryonic stem (ES) cell-mediated transgenesis to test the enhanced cyan fluorescent protein (ECFP) and enhanced yellow fluorescent protein (EYFP), two mutant and spectrally distinct color variants of wild type (wt) GFP. (biomedcentral.com)
We have also tested DsRed1, the novel red fluorescent protein reporter recently cloned from the Discostoma coral by virtue of its homology to GFP. (biomedcentral.com)
Fluorescent protein reporters currently represent a superior alternative to other gene-based reporters such as the bacterial lacZ or human placental alkaline phosphatase in that their visualization is non-invasive, and as such does not require chromogenic substrates. (biomedcentral.com)
Expression levels of PER2, a clock protein, were elevated in Sik3 -knockdown cells but down-regulated in Sik3 -overexpressing cells, which could be attributed to a phosphorylation-dependent decrease in PER2 protein stability. (elifesciences.org)
We demonstrate here that GSK-3 maintains the MLL leukemia stem cell transcriptional program by promoting the conditional association of CREB and its coactivators TORC and CBP with homedomain protein MEIS1, a critical component of the MLL-subordinate program, which in turn facilitates HOX-mediated transcription and transformation. (stanford.edu)

Self-renewing cells that generate the main phenotypes of the nervous system in both the embryo and adult. (edu.au)
Previously, two independent gene knockout studies have been reported, with some discrepancies in the observed embryonic phenotypes. (biomedcentral.com)

In the article published in the journal Nature on 1 October 2005, the authors say they wrote the article to dispel misconceptions about what stem cells are, what they do, address some controversies surrounding stem cells, and discuss potential uses of stem cells. (asu.edu)

Anatomy55

Organisms11

Diseases8

Chemicals and Drugs55

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment62

Psychiatry and Psychology1

Phenomena and Processes60

Disciplines and Occupations7

Technology, Industry, Agriculture1

Humanities8

Information Science4

Health Care1

Differentiation17

Pluripotent embryonic stem3

Extra-embryonic tissues2

Vitro19

Developmental biology2

Reproductive13

Types of pluripotent stem2

Therapeutic11

Transplantation9

Abstract1

Regenerative medicine8

Progenitor cells3

Lethality3

Development32

Ethical9

Transgenic3

Therapies5

Remain totipotent2

Fibroblasts5

Multipotent7

Chromatin1

Extraembryonic2

Bone marrow2

ESCs1

Destruction7

Neural8

Biol1

Organs1

Fetal tissues1

Biology3

Zygote2

Research46

Male and female germ c1

Fibroblast cells1

Blastomeres1

Mesenchymal stem1

Placenta3

Mice in 19811

Lineages2

Molecular8

Umbilical2

Genetic5

Advances1

Somatic cells4

Amniotic fluid1

19951

Clinical5

Germ cell2

Preimplantation1

Embryoid bodies1

Early mammalian1

Mouse16

Donor4

Bovine1

Epiblast cells1

Adult tissues1

CDNA3

E9.51

Scientists2

Self-renewal1

Derive1

Lineage3

Protein11

Phenotypes2

Controversies1