Embryonic stem cells cloning derivation of stem cells from cloned human embryos. Medical search. Frequent questions

The aim of carrying out this procedure is to obtain pluripotent cells from a cloned embryo. (wikipedia.org)
This gives them the ability to create patient specific pluripotent cells, which could then be used in therapies or disease research. (wikipedia.org)
These cells are deemed to have a pluripotent potential because they have the ability to give rise to all of the tissues found in an adult organism. (wikipedia.org)
Controversy surrounds human ESC work due to the destruction of viable human embryos, leading scientists to seek alternative methods of obtaining pluripotent stem cells, SCNT is one such method. (wikipedia.org)
Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells (iPSCs) are cells derived from non-pluripotent cells, such as adult somatic cells, that are genetically manipulated so as to return to an undifferentiated, pluripotent state. (asu.edu)
In 2015, biologist Helena D. Zomer and colleagues published the review article "Mesenchymal and Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells: General Insights and Clinical Perspectives" or "Mesenchymal and Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells" in Stem Cells and Cloning: Advances and Applications. (asu.edu)
The authors reviewed the biology of three types of pluripotent stem cells, embryonic stem cells, or ESCs, mesenchymal stem cells, or MSCs, and induced pluripotent stem cells, or iPS cells. (asu.edu)
Pluripotent stem cells are a special cell type that can give rise to other types of cells and are essential for development. (asu.edu)
In addition, the possibility of reprogramming adult stem cells back to a "pluripotent" (or embryonic-like) state raises the biological prospect of going back too far. (eppc.org)
But what is not getting such wide reporting is the use of pluripotent stem cells (as well as many other types of cells and genetic engineering techniques) for reproductive purposes . (lifeissues.net)
Therapeutic Cloning - Use of a donor cell to create pluripotent stem cells suitable for growing tissues for implantation into the donor or other patient. (schlich.co.uk)
Induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) are capable of unlimited self-renewal and can give rise to all three germ layers, thereby providing a new platform with which to study mammalian development and epigenetic reprogramming. (molcells.org)
Moreover, we demonstrate that reprogramming cells under 2i conditions leads to the early upregulation of Prdm14, which in turn results in a highly homogeneous population of authentic pluripotent colonies and prevents the abnormal silencing of the Dlk1-Dio3 locus. (molcells.org)

It is used in both therapeutic and reproductive cloning. (wikipedia.org)
In 1996, Dolly the sheep became famous for being the first successful case of the reproductive cloning of a mammal. (wikipedia.org)
Stem cells can then be obtained by the destruction of this clone embryo for use in therapeutic cloning or in the case of reproductive cloning the clone embryo is implanted into a host mother for further development and brought to term. (wikipedia.org)
Cloning-to-produce-children could also be used to attempt to control the physical and even psychological traits of children, extending the eugenic logic of those who would use reproductive biotechnology to have the perfect child. (thenewatlantis.com)
Other policy options, such as supposed compromises that would prohibit "reproductive cloning" but permit "therapeutic cloning" by prohibiting not the act of creating a cloned embryo but the act of transferring a cloned embryo to a woman's uterus, would inherently mandate the wide-scale destruction of human embryos. (thenewatlantis.com)
If it is to be brought to birth, the process is usually called "reproductive cloning. (cbc-network.org)
Finally, and inexorably, a true professional scientist poses clearly challenging questions to his research colleagues, and to the scientific enterprise in general, about the dubious "scientific" justification for the current rush to clone human beings - for both "therapeutic" and for "reproductive" purposes. (lifeissues.net)
Agreeing with the premise of an earlier article in the same journal, he agrees that we "must not let our debate get completely derailed by vested interests, whether politically or economically motivated", and that the failure to find global agreement on human cloning at the U.N. could result in "reproductive" human cloning [and all the abuses of women that would entail]. (lifeissues.net)
But we can only wonder about the ethical propriety of producing the first human child with this technique, knowing that the hoped-for newborn would be a reproductive experiment, one that may end initially in numerous fetal failures. (eppc.org)
… "human clone" means an embryo that, as a result of the manipulation of human reproductive material or an in vitro embryo, contains a diploid set of chromosomes obtained from a single - living or deceased - human being, fetus, or embryo. (hinxtongroup.org)
3. National regulations of governance of human cloning and embryo research in general adopted so far confirm the convergence of views of the refusal to adopt legislation or guidelines permitting reproductive cloning , while they still show variations on the legitimacy of human cloning carried out as part of research agendas. (lifeissues.net)
Assisted reproductive techniques for canines: preservation of genetic material in domestic dogs [3] "Assisted reproductive techniques (ARTs), such as artificial insemination, in vitro fertilization, and cryopreservation of gametes/zygotes, have been developed to improve breeding and reproduction of livestock and for the treatment of human infertility. (edu.au)
Reproductive Cloning - Use of a donor cell to create a new human genetically identical to the donor. (schlich.co.uk)
Cloning technology, however, is perceived as having the potential for reproductive cloning, which raises serious ethical and moral concerns. (who.int)
Reproductive cloning versus germ cell (egg, ovum). (who.int)

If the cloned human organism is to be experimented upon and destroyed, the process is often called "therapeutic cloning. (cbc-network.org)
But he is equally concerned about the unethical aspects inherent in the rush to perform " therapeutic " human cloning research, including the abuses to all vulnerable human patients who would be required to participate in clinical trials. (lifeissues.net)
But adult stem cells also raise some interesting ethical dilemmas alongside their great therapeutic promise. (eppc.org)
In particular, scientific developments in areas such as iPS cells open new possibilities of research and, at mid term, of therapeutic applications, but they also bring new ethical challenges and problems requiring further reflection and debate. (lifeissues.net)
Therapeutic cloning possesses enormous potential for revolutionizing medical and thera- peutic techniques. (who.int)
This is therapeutic cloning. (who.int)
This cell then has therapeutic cloning: the global the capacity to divide and grow into an exact replica of the original from whom the debate somatic cell was taken. (who.int)

this approach has been championed as an answer to the many issues concerning embryonic stem cells (ESCs) and the destruction of viable embryos for medical use, though questions remain on how homologous the two cell types truly are. (wikipedia.org)
Research on iPSCs, initiated by Shinya Yamanaka in 2006 and extended by James Thompson in 2007, has so far revealed the same properties as embryonic stem cells (ESCs), making their discovery potentially very beneficial for scientists and ethicists alike. (asu.edu)

Research advocates attack President Bush for "banning stem cell research," while pro-life advocates lament a Republican administration and Congress that have banned nothing-not embryo destruction, not human cloning, not fetal farming, not genetic engineering. (eppc.org)
Brunetti D., Lagutina I., Perota A., Colleoni S., Duchi R., Lucchini F., Lazzari G., Galli C. "Derivation of bovine fetal fibroblasts harboring OCT4-GFP vector and analysis of GFP expression in cloned embryos. (istitutospallanzani.it)
The stem cells suits human needs, does not cause harm and can be obtained from both adult and fetal does not conflict with religious beliefs, it has tissues, umbilical cord and early embryos. (who.int)

Although the latest scientific work related to cloning has been focused on potential medical applications, much of that research is relevant to the creation of cloned children. (thenewatlantis.com)
That is what New Jersey legislators did when they passed and then Governor James McGreevey signed S-1909 last year, a law that was sold to the public as outlawing human cloning but which actually permits the creation of cloned human life, and its implantation and gestation up to and including the very moment prior to the emergence of the cloned baby from the birth canal. (cbc-network.org)

Another application of SCNT stem cell research is using the patient specific stem cell lines to generate tissues or even organs for transplant into the specific patient. (wikipedia.org)
Robert describes part-human animals, otherwise known as chimeras, as those resulting from the intentional combination of human and nonhuman cells, tissues, or organs at any stage of development. (asu.edu)
Today, we can derive stem cells from a range of adult and newborn tissues: liver cells, kidney cells, brain cells, fat cells, and umbilical cord blood. (eppc.org)
Stem cell technologies promise to be the next transformative medical technology offering therapies for conditions and diseases that are currently beyond medical science by creating replacement or supplementary tissues for a patient. (schlich.co.uk)
reagents made using a patient's own cells used to regenerate disease or damaged tissues 14,15 , once the stuff of science fiction, may become science fact. (schlich.co.uk)
Mechanochemical Principles of Spatial and Temporal Patterns in Cells and Tissues. (mpi-cbg.de)
Patterns are ubiquitous in living systems and underlie the dynamic organization of cells, tissues, and embryos. (mpi-cbg.de)
However, the mice were grossly normal when dab2 deletion was restricted to the embryo proper and the gene was retained in extraembryonic tissues using Meox2-Cre and Sox2-Cre. (biomedcentral.com)

The report offers an ethical and policy analysis, articulating what makes cloning morally repugnant and calling for the practice to be definitively prohibited in the United States. (thenewatlantis.com)
While stem-cell research holds enormous potential for treating or even curing some diseases, the cloning of a human being is morally and ethically unacceptable…Any attempt to clone a human being is in direct conflict with the public policies of this state. (cbc-network.org)
Human enhancement, Harris argues, is a good thing--good morally, good for individuals, good as social policy, and good for a genetic heritage that needs serious improvement. (philpapers.org)
if you have a choice of starting material and are forced to use embryonic stem cells to carry out the invention, ensure you describe the use of embryonic stem cells from morally acceptable sources in your patent application. (schlich.co.uk)

Somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT) is a technology applied in cloning, stem cell research and regenerative medicine. (asu.edu)
The holy grail of regenerative medicine-whatever one's ethical beliefs about destroying embryos-is to "reprogram" regular cells from one's own body so that individuals can be the source of their own rejection-proof therapies. (eppc.org)
The use of various types of stem cells for research purposes to make disease "models" in the lab for regenerative medicine and for "therapies" to cure sick patients for diseases is constantly in the news. (lifeissues.net)

The second way to reproduce is a strictly human invention - known as "asexual" reproduction - or more commonly, cloning. (cbc-network.org)
Cloning of a human being" means asexual reproduction by implanting or attempting to implant the product of nuclear transplantation [e.g., an embryo] into a uterus or substitute for a uterus with the purpose of producing a human being. (cbc-network.org)
This is junk biology since implanting isn't the act of asexual reproduction: SCNT cloning is. (cbc-network.org)

If research cloning is not stopped now, we face the prospect of the mass farming of human embryos and fetuses, and the transformation of the noble enterprise of biomedical research into a grotesque system of exploitation and death. (thenewatlantis.com)
Independently of the gestational periods, the qualitative evaluation showed the initial wash-in phase from the first appearance of the uterine artery to the rapid distribution in embryonic vesicles or placenta to the progressive washout, whilst there was no enhancement of either embryos or fetuses in any bitch. (edu.au)

Mouse embryonic fibroblast cells (MEFs) carrying an Oct4-GFP reporter were derived from day 13.5 embryos of the OG2 transgenic mouse strain and were cultured in Fibro Gro Low Serum (F.Gro) medium (Millipore). (molcells.org)

There are now two ways to create new mammalian life, including humans. (cbc-network.org)
Scientists have applied somatic cell nuclear transfer to clone human and mammalian embryos as a means to produce stem cells for laboratory and medical use. (asu.edu)

The technique consists of taking an denucleated oocyte (egg cell) and implanting a donor nucleus from a somatic (body) cell. (wikipedia.org)
In the case of asexually creating a human, the biotechnologist removes the nucleus from a mature human egg (an oocyte). (cbc-network.org)

Somatic cell nuclear transplantation has become a focus of study in stem cell research. (wikipedia.org)
It is the policy of Washington state that research involving the derivation and use of human embryonic stem cells, human embryonic germ cells, and human adult stem cells from any source, including somatic cell nuclear transplantation , is permitted upon full consideration of the ethical and medical implications of this research. (cbc-network.org)
To take human organ generation via BC and transplantation to the next step, we reviewed current emerging organ generation technologies and the associated efficiency of chimera formation in human cells from the standpoint of developmental biology. (frontiersin.org)

Ethically, since eventually all such "research" will be applied to people, he cautions against the abuse of women "egg" donors, and against the premature use of vulnerable sick human patients for testing supposedly "patient-specific" stem cells in supposed "therapies", pointing to the obvious violations of standard international research ethics guidelines such clinical trials would necessarily entail. (lifeissues.net)
We now see a patent landscape where stem cell technologies and related therapies can, with very few exceptions, be protected via patents, provided the appropriate form of claim wording is used. (schlich.co.uk)

This study aims to provide information to answer the following question: While some scientists claim they can indefinitely culture a stem cell line in vitro, what are the consequences of those culturing practices? (asu.edu)
In vitro studies indicate that Dab2 establishes epithelial cell polarity and organization by directing endocytic trafficking of membrane glycoproteins. (biomedcentral.com)

Dynamics of male canine germ cell development [6] "Primordial germ cells (PGCs) are precursors of gametes that can generate new individuals throughout life in both males and females. (edu.au)

In genetics and developmental biology, somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT) is a laboratory strategy for creating a viable embryo from a body cell and an egg cell. (wikipedia.org)
The real experts to ask about the accurate scientific facts of human embryology are the scientific experts in human embryology who are academically credentialed Ph.D. human embryologists - not the "experts" in cell biology, genetics, doctors, nurses, theologians, lawyers or politicians, secretaries, news journalists, etc. (lifeissues.net)
It is quite possible that the advances in human biology in the remainder of the twentieth century will be remembered as the most significant scientific achievement of the animal species known as Homo sapiens . (lifeissues.net)
One of the greatest controversies triggered tissue, a stem cell encoding for heart tissue by the rapid pace of evolution in biology, will eventually develop into heart tissue particularly in genomics and biotechnology, and so on. (who.int)

And recent experimental trials, while still very preliminary, suggest that adult stem cells may one day help us treat a host of terrible pathologies. (eppc.org)
Yet for now, the utility of adult stem cells also remains limited. (eppc.org)
Adult stem cells are easier to control than embryonic stem cells and thus less likely to form tumors. (eppc.org)

After the somatic cell transfers, the cytoplasmic factors affect the nucleus to become a zygote. (wikipedia.org)
Nor is the embryo just a "fertilized egg", or just a "clump of cells", or appear only when the zygote is formed, or appear later after the zygote is formed, or appear after implantation - or even a week after that at 14-days. (lifeissues.net)

Cloning-for-biomedical-research is also profoundly unethical, as it turns human reproduction into a manufacturing process in the most literal sense: human embryos are created to serve as raw materials for the production of biomedical research supplies. (thenewatlantis.com)
Recording and contextualizing the science of embryos, development, and reproduction. (asu.edu)
But in order to become a part of medical history, parahuman reproduction and human genetic engineering must circumvent the recalcitrance of an antiquated culture. (lifeissues.net)
This paper outlines the debates prompted through a reproduction mechanism involv- by progress in cloning research, with special ing male and female germ cells. (who.int)

This kind of cloning is today being performed at several scientific labs in the United States, despite the availability of alternative techniques that produce cells of nearly the same scientific and medical value but that require neither the creation nor destruction of human embryos. (thenewatlantis.com)
That is to say, we risk turning developed cells into developing embryos, and thus risk engaging in the very activities of embryo destruction and human cloning that we seek to avoid. (eppc.org)
Since 1995, Congress has annually reauthorized a law-called the "Dickey Amendment"-prohibiting federal funding for research "in which" embryos are destroyed while leaving embryo destruction in the private sector entirely unregulated. (eppc.org)
Before leaving office, President Clinton sought to get around the existing law without actually changing it, by funding research on embryonic stem cells so long as the actual embryo destruction was paid for with private dollars. (eppc.org)

These are then fused by inserting the somatic cell into the 'empty' ovum. (wikipedia.org)

Somatic cell nuclear transfer is a technique for cloning in which the nucleus of a somatic cell is transferred to the cytoplasm of an enucleated egg. (wikipedia.org)
The process of somatic cell nuclear transfer involves two different cells. (wikipedia.org)
In the United States, scientists at the Harvard Stem Cell Institute, the University of California San Francisco, the Oregon Health & Science University, Stemagen (La Jolla, CA) and possibly Advanced Cell Technology are currently researching a technique to use somatic cell nuclear transfer to produce embryonic stem cells. (wikipedia.org)
The primary cloning technique is called "somatic cell nuclear transfer" (SCNT). (cbc-network.org)

Nor do only the cells of the inner cell mass of the blastocyst become the later adult and none of the cells from the inner cell mass become part of the placenta, umbilical cord, etc. (lifeissues.net)

Somatic cells are cells that have gone through the differentiation process and are not germ cells. (asu.edu)
Colleoni S., Broccoli V., Galli C., Lazzari G. "Peripheral and central neural differentiation of human embryonic stem cells. (istitutospallanzani.it)

The recent desperation to clone human embryos may be seriously undermining accepted ethical principles of medical research, with potentially profound wider consequences. (lifeissues.net)
There, he reviews the scientific and ethical justifications and restrictions on creating part-human animals. (asu.edu)
In Enhancing Evolution, leading bioethicist John Harris dismantles objections to genetic engineering, stem-cell research, designer babies, and cloning and makes an ethical case for biotechnology that is both forthright and rigorous. (philpapers.org)

Development will ensue normally and after many mitotic divisions, the single cell forms a blastocyst (an early stage embryo with about 100 cells) with an identical genome to the original organism (i.e. a clone). (wikipedia.org)
Meanwhile, the ability of the mature egg to transform and begin embryonic development remains fully potent. (cbc-network.org)
… "embryo" means a human organism during the first 56 days of its development following fertilization or creation, excluding any time during which its development has been suspended, and includes any cell derived from such an organism that is used for the purpose of creating a human being. (hinxtongroup.org)
increased public sensitivity and awareness together with the development of national regulations of governance of human cloning and embryo research in general. (lifeissues.net)
Many of these developmental abnormalities are common to human development. (edu.au)
The study of the new dab2 mutant allele in embryos and embryoid bodies confirms a role for Dab2 in extraembryonic endoderm development and epithelial organization. (biomedcentral.com)
Conditional deletion indicates that Dab2 is dispensable for organ development, when the vast majority of the embryonic cells are dab2 null. (biomedcentral.com)

In human SCNT experiments, these eggs are obtained through consenting donors, utilizing ovarian stimulation. (wikipedia.org)
For example, if a person with Parkinson's disease donated their somatic cells, the stem cells resulting from SCNT would have genes that contribute to Parkinson's disease. (wikipedia.org)
Only a handful of the labs in the world are currently using SCNT techniques in human stem cell research. (wikipedia.org)
If the authors of this bill really meant what they appear to have written, their legislation would ban all human cloning, since as we have seen, biologically, a new human organism, that is, a new human being, comes into existence with the completion of SCNT. (cbc-network.org)

But cloning research continued, and American scientists announced in 2013 that they had for the first time successfully obtained stem cells from cloned human embryos. (thenewatlantis.com)
Cloning-for-biomedical-research also endangers the health and safety of the women called on to undergo dangerous hormone treatments to serve as egg donors. (thenewatlantis.com)
The Threat of Human Cloning concludes by calling for laws prohibiting both human cloning and the creation of embryos for research. (thenewatlantis.com)
The bill purports to promote stem-cell research, while outlawing the cloning of a human being. (cbc-network.org)
And he also agrees that if we don't find global agreement on human cloning, "we can probably expect dire consequences for the future of biomedical research and its impact on society at large. (lifeissues.net)
As he has questioned the HFEA before, would not the use of vulnerable human patients in clinical trials be premature, dangerous, and unethical given the already acquired knowledge in the research community that such supposed "patient-specific" stem cells would most probably cause serious immune rejection reactions in these patients? (lifeissues.net)
An analysis of a cluster of articles from the Embryo Project Encyclopedia provides information to suggest possible solutions to some potential problems in cell culturing, recognition of benefits for existing or historical culturing practices, and identification of gaps in scientific knowledge that warrant further research. (asu.edu)
But they are also less equipped to produce every cell type of the body and less able to reproduce themselves indefinitely, which makes them less appealing to scientists interested in basic research. (eppc.org)
These moral perils are surely not a reason to oppose adult stem cell research, which deserves vigorous and expanded public support. (eppc.org)
An in-depth analysis aiming at re-defining this terminology according to the new developments in human embryo research would be highly beneficial . (lifeissues.net)

The United States government can, and must, outlaw human cloning. (thenewatlantis.com)
And now Washington joins the infamous list with Senate Bill 5594, a thoroughly disingenuous piece of legislation that purports to outlaw the cloning of human beings, but by manipulating language and redefining terms, actually permits human cloning and gestation of the resulting cloned embryos through the ninth month. (cbc-network.org)

However, following the successful derivation of human embryonic stem cells in 1998, the debate over human cloning largely shifted to the question of whether it is acceptable for scientists to create human embryos only to destroy them. (thenewatlantis.com)

These cells genetically matched the donor organism from which they came. (wikipedia.org)
At that point - and this is important to understand - there is no more cloning to be done since a new human organism now exists. (cbc-network.org)
Or to put it the other way around, cloning, not implantation, is what produces a new and distinct human organism. (cbc-network.org)
XI - embryonic stem cells: embryonic cells that are capable of modifying the cells of any organism tissue. (hinxtongroup.org)
On the other hand, a chimera is defined as an organism in which cells from two or more different organisms have contributed. (frontiersin.org)

In January 2018, a team of scientists in Shanghai announced the successful cloning of two female crab-eating macaques (named Zhong Zhong and Hua Hua) from foetal nuclei. (wikipedia.org)

The blastocyst stage is developed by the egg to help create embryonic stem cells from the inner cell mass of the blastocyst. (wikipedia.org)
In this regard, emerging technologies of chimeric human organ production via blastocyst complementation (BC) holds great promise. (frontiersin.org)

In July 2005, for example, scientists announced that they had engineered adult mouse stem cells into usable mouse eggs, a technique that might one day allow for the creation of human eggs from ordinary human cells. (eppc.org)

However, iPSC generation may result in subtle epigenetic variations, such as the aberrant methylation of the Dlk1-Dio3 locus, among the clones, and this heterogeneity constitutes a major drawback to harnessing the full potential of iPSCs. (molcells.org)

In the second half of the twentieth century, scientists learned how to clone organisms in some species of mammals. (asu.edu)
Unicellular for those cells that are derived from human organisms are primed to replicate (clone) pre-embryos, which seem to have a high themselves by nature. (who.int)

Citizens disagree about whether we should destroy human embryos for their stem cells-and if so, which embryos, with whose money, under what regulatory guidelines. (eppc.org)

However, though BC is emerging as a potential organ transplant option, challenges regarding organ size scalability, immune system incompatibilities, long-term maintenance, potential evolutionary distance, or unveiled mechanisms between donor and host cells remain. (frontiersin.org)
In this review, we summarize the history of interspecies chimerism in various animal models to find hints for BC application and describe the challenges and prospects of utilizing BC for human organ generation. (frontiersin.org)

Long before the controversy emerged over human embryonic stem cells, scientists and doctors began using first-generation stem cells from adult bone marrow. (eppc.org)
Stem cell technologies have been dogged by controversy because of objections over the morality of sacrificing human embryos to produce the first human embryonic stem cell lines. (schlich.co.uk)

Not only would cloning-to-produce-children be a dangerous experimental procedure, one that cannot be consented to by its subjects (the children created by it), it is also a profound distortion of the moral meaning of human procreation. (thenewatlantis.com)
The con- is removed and replaced by a nucleus of cept of human cloning has long been in the another cell type, the stem cell will then imagination of many scientists, scholars and be reprogrammed to produce the product fiction writers [ 1 ]. (who.int)

After being inserted into the egg, the somatic cell nucleus is reprogrammed by its host egg cell. (wikipedia.org)
The nucleus of a body cell from the DNA donor is removed, and put into the place formerly occupied by the egg's nucleus. (cbc-network.org)
When the nucleus of a stem cell has been the technique of cloning. (who.int)
The basic techniques of of the implanted nucleus, when it fully cloning have been known for some time, and develops. (who.int)

The resulting cells would be genetically identical to the somatic cell donor, thus avoiding any complications from immune system rejection. (wikipedia.org)

The genetic material of the donor egg cell is removed and discarded, leaving it 'deprogrammed. (wikipedia.org)

The New Atlantis is building a culture in which science and technology work for, not on, human beings. (thenewatlantis.com)

Already, non-embryonic stem cells are being used to treat a variety of diseases-most notably certain cancers of the blood. (eppc.org)
Stem cells offer the prospect of treatments for diseases and injuries that are currently beyond medical science. (schlich.co.uk)
Stem cells may underpin the next generation of pharmaceuticals, with even greater promise for successful treatment of diseases that are intractable or scarcely treatable now. (schlich.co.uk)

In the article published in the journal Nature on 1 October 2005, the authors say they wrote the article to dispel misconceptions about what stem cells are, what they do, address some controversies surrounding stem cells, and discuss potential uses of stem cells. (asu.edu)

However, it appears that the ability of the In its simplest form, cloning is defined stem cells to transform is limited, except as the exact replication of cells. (who.int)

Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol , Art. (mpi-cbg.de)

your supposed cloning ban actually authorizes human cloning, implantation, and gestation through the ninth month. (cbc-network.org)

When the world learned in 1997 of Dolly the sheep, the first clone produced from an adult mammal, a broad public discussion about the ethics of human cloning ensued, largely focused on the nature, meaning, and future of human procreation. (thenewatlantis.com)
In a new preface, Harris offers a glimpse at the new science and technology to come, equipping readers with the knowledge to assess the ethics and policy dimensions of future forms of human enhancement. (philpapers.org)

The genetically modified egg now has 46 chromosomes, the full human compliment. (cbc-network.org)

This report - written to be understood by non-specialists, including policymakers and the general public - explains the history of cloning as well as recent developments. (thenewatlantis.com)

So long as this form of cloning (non-human) in different culture media. (who.int)

This paper identifies human enhancement as one of the most significant areas of bioethical interest in the last twenty years. (philpapers.org)

In the real world, there is no such thing scientifically as a "pre-embryo", or "just a genetic individual" as opposed to a "developmental individual. (lifeissues.net)

many are "totipotent" (as the abject fact of naturally occurring human identical twins makes clear). (lifeissues.net)

Moreover, while the term "human being" is not defined in the legislation, in this context, it can only mean the birth of a cloned baby. (cbc-network.org)
Last May, the House of Representatives passed a bill to create a cord blood stem cell bank, legislation that is likely to become law with virtually unanimous support. (eppc.org)

Over the past few years, the debate over stem cells and cloning has grown both more complex and more profound. (eppc.org)

This ability allows stem cells to create any cell type, which could then be transplanted to replace damaged or destroyed cells. (wikipedia.org)
A potential use of stem cells genetically matched to a patient would be to create cell lines that have genes linked to a patient's particular disease. (wikipedia.org)

Abstract of the "Animal Biotechnology And Its Applications To Animal And Human Health" Conference. (istitutospallanzani.it)

Anatomy54

Organisms11

Diseases7

Chemicals and Drugs54

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment65

Psychiatry and Psychology1

Phenomena and Processes60

Disciplines and Occupations7

Technology, Industry, Agriculture1

Humanities8

Information Science4

Health Care1

Pluripotent13

Reproductive15

Therapeutic7

ESCs2

Fetal3

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Morally4

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Fetuses2

OCT4-GFP1

Mammalian2

Oocyte2

Transplantation3

Therapies2

Vitro2

Germ cell1

Biology4

Adult stem3

Zygote2

Reproduction4

Destruction4

Ovum1

Somatic cell nuclear4

Umbilical1

Differentiation2

Ethical3

Development7

SCNT4

Research10

Outlaw2

Acceptable1

Organism5

Nuclei1

Blastocyst2

Eggs1

IPSCs1

Organisms2

Destroy1

Challenges2

Controversy2

Produce2

Nucleus4

Genetically identical1

Donor1

Beings1

Diseases3

Controversies1

Transform1

Biol1

Implantation1

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