Embryonic stem cells apoptotic programmed cell cell cycle. Medical search. Frequent questions

A successful therapy must therefore eliminate these cells known to be highly resistant to apoptosis. (hindawi.com)
In this paper, we describe the metabolic changes as well as the mechanisms of resistance to apoptosis occurring in cancer cells and cancer stem cells, underlying the connection between these two processes. (hindawi.com)
A hypoxic environment devoid of nutrients prevents the cell undergoing energy dependent apoptosis and cells become necrotic. (bmj.com)
Cells adapt to this environmental stress, so that after repeated periods of hypoxia, selection for resistance to hypoxia induced apoptosis occurs. (bmj.com)
7 Severe hypoxia in the presence of energy stimulates cells to undergo apoptosis, whereas oxygen levels above 0.5% prevent cell death. (bmj.com)
Many studies on the cancer-killing activity of 125 I seeds radiation mainly focused on its ability to trigger apoptosis, which is the most well-known and dominant type of cell death induced by radiation. (hindawi.com)
However our results showed some unique morphological features such as cell swelling, cytoplasmic vacuolation, and plasma membrane integrity, which is obviously different to apoptosis. (hindawi.com)
We found besides apoptosis that 125 I seed radiation killed colorectal cancer cell via inducing paraptosis. (hindawi.com)
This form of cell death is fundamentally different from apoptosis and lacks some distinct characteristics of apoptosis such as DNA fragmentation, pyknosis, or caspase activation and cleavage [ 14 ]. (hindawi.com)
Cell cycle analysis suggested activation of apoptosis, without arresting cell cycle progression. (nature.com)
Annexin V-propidium iodide double-staining demonstrated that Sapota fruit extracts potentiate apoptosis rather than necrosis in cancer cells. (nature.com)
The absence of NuRD triggers apoptosis via the EGL-1-CED-9-CED-4-CED-3 pathway, while an ectopic gain of NuRD enables apoptotic daughter cells to survive. (elifesciences.org)
Interestingly, rbf1 -induced apoptosis leads to a debcl - and drp1 -dependent Reactive Oxygen Species production, which in turn activates the Jun Kinase pathway to trigger cell death. (sdbonline.org)
Substantial data have provided convincing evidence establishing that human cancers emerge from cancer stem cells (CSCs), which display self-renewal and are resistant to anticancer drugs, radiation, and apoptosis, and express enhanced epithelial to mesenchymal progression. (oaepublish.com)
It regulates HLA class I and induces apoptosis in HER2/neu beneficial tumor cell lines. (mirnamimics.com)
Taken together, our study demonstrated that GO-AgNPs potentially induce oxidative damage to DNA, which result in toxicity and cell apoptosis in caprine fetal fibroblast cell due to an increased generation of ROS. (researchsquare.com)
Then, we will discuss several principles that govern macrophage phagocytosis of apoptotic cells (efferocytosis), including the existence of redundant recognition mechanisms ("find-me" and "eat-me") that lead to a tight coupling between apoptosis and phagocytosis. (frontiersin.org)
A Canadian study, for example, has observed both in vitro and in vivo how the stem differentiation factors are able to induce apoptosis in tumor cells. (biava.me)
In this study, we investigated the role of autophagy and apoptosis in Newcastle disease virus (NDV)-infected chicken cells and tissues. (immune-source.com)
In bottom line, we confirmed that autophagy brought about by genotype VII NDV infections was important for virus-like replication, NDV-induced apoptosis, and cell survival in buy 480-11-5 chicken cells and tissues. (immune-source.com)
Apoptosis of tumor cells increased significantly as concentration of cocultured TD-MSCs increased. (immune-source.com)
Role of PDL-1 in NSCLC chemoresistance was assessed using CRISPR/Cas9 knockdown and various functional assays including MTT, cell invasion, sphere formation, and cell apoptosis. (cdc.gov)
Mechanistically, an upregulation of PDL-1 in chemotherapy-treated CAFs led to an increase in hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) secretion, which stimulates cancer progression, cell invasion, and stemness of lung cancer cells, while inhibiting apoptosis. (cdc.gov)

miR122 is the prevalent miRNA in adult healthy liver and it is responsible for liver stem cell differentiation towards hepatocyte lineage. (oncotarget.com)
HCC stem-like cells can be directed towards cell differentiation and tumor dormancy by restoring miR122 expression. (oncotarget.com)
TGF-β regulates a variety of different cellular developmental processes including growth, differentiation, proliferation, and cell death. (wikipedia.org)
Therefore, gene activity is an important mechanism in embryonic development and adult stem cell differentiation. (edu.au)
Derivation and differentiation of haploid human embryonic stem cells. (nature.com)
To date, RUNX2 has been involved in diverse physiological processes, including osteogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stem/stromal cells, chondrocyte hypertrophy, immunomodulation, vascular invasion and endothelial cell migration via modulating a variety of signaling cascades (e.g. (spandidos-publications.com)
In addition, TFs generally initiate and guide cell fate such as lineage progression and control the stability of cell differentiation [ 5 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Dazl can regulate the expression, transport and localization of target mRNAs of proteins which control the differentiation, growth and maturation of germ cells. (ijbs.com)
Role of extracellular RNA-carrying vesicles in cell differentiation and reprogramming. (unicyte.ch)
In particular, stem cells are highly sensitive to extracellular signals that play a critical role in mainten- ance of stem cell characteristics, differentiation, and interplay with somatic cells. (unicyte.ch)
Several other environmental factors including oxy- gen concentration and mechanical, metabolic, and bio- chemical conditions have been shown relevant in cell differentiation and have been reviewed extensively (Fig. 1) [3]. (unicyte.ch)
Intelligent Information gives birth to Life: it is the factors existing at 5 stages of stem cells differentiation that determine the fate of healthy and pathological cells. (biava.me)
In the meantime Biava and colleagues' have continued with their research which at the end allowed to identify various molecular mechanisms employed by the differentiation factors of normal stem cells, taken from the embryo of Zebrafish (chosen due to its being the most studied model of embryonic differentiation), to differentiate tumor cells or lead them to a programmed cell death. (biava.me)
DNA methylation and histone modifications play a central role in the epigenetic regulation of gene expression and cell differentiation. (cipsm.de)

To address this issue, primary mouse cells, haploinsufficient for one or two proteins, ATM and RAD9, related to the cellular response to DNA damage were examined. (aacrjournals.org)
The results show that cells having low levels of both ATM and RAD9 proteins are more sensitive to transformation by radiation, have different DNA double-strand break repair dynamics and are less apoptotic when compared with wild-type controls or those cells haploinsufficient for only one of these proteins. (aacrjournals.org)
Our conclusions are that under stress conditions, the efficiency and capacity for DNA repair mediated by the ATM/RAD9 cell signaling network depend on the abundance of both proteins and that, in general, DNA repair network efficiencies are genotype-dependent and can vary within a specific range. (aacrjournals.org)
Another conclusion from most of the cases is that animals or cells haploinsufficient for the specified proteins have higher transformation rates after DNA damage is induced, but when their DNA is not significantly damaged by exogenous sources, tumor development rates are the same as for their wild-type counterparts. (aacrjournals.org)
hPSC-enriched essential genes mainly encode transcription factors and proteins related to cell-cycle and DNA-repair, revealing that a quarter of the nuclear factors are essential for normal growth. (nature.com)
It has been previously shown that rbf1 pro-apoptotic activity depends on its ability to decrease the level of anti-apoptotic proteins such as the Bcl-2 family protein Buffy. (sdbonline.org)
DAZ family proteins are found almost exclusively in germ cells in distant animal species. (ijbs.com)
DAZ family proteins are located in the nucleus and/or in the cytoplasm of male and female germ cells at different developmental stages throughout the gametogenesis. (ijbs.com)
This similarity between tumor and stem cells is as much strong that tumor cells activate receptors responding to the same proteins which effect embryonic stem cells and have the task of transforming initial informal mass of embryonic cells into different tissues that constitute the body. (biava.me)

Wutz, A. Haploid mouse embryonic stem cells: rapid genetic screening and germline transmission. (nature.com)
Forward and reverse genetics through derivation of haploid mouse embryonic stem cells. (nature.com)

After fertilization in mammals, DNA methylation patterns are largely erased and then re-established during early embryonic development. (wikipedia.org)
Basic patterns of hormones & early embryonic stages There have been few markers for ovulation & the first 10 post-ovulatory days. (slideserve.com)

Furthermore, our in vitro study indicated that the epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT), a pre-process of tissue fibrosis, was induced by an mTOR inhibitor in lung alveolar epithelial cell lines carrying the G allele homozygous genotype which was associated with a higher risk of ILD. (bvsalud.org)
HLSCs do not express hematopoietic stem cell markers, whereas they express several mesenchymal markers and display multiple differentiating abilities ( 22 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
Objectives Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) play an important role in the development and growth of tumor cells. (immune-source.com)
Such development pattern shares an overlapping biological behavior with the growth plate, which is a process of mesenchymal stem cells differentiating into chondrogenic cells and then sequentially into fibrocartilage cells ( Killian, 2022 ). (elifesciences.org)

Another period of rapid and almost complete demethylation occurs during gametogenesis within the primordial germ cells (PGCs). (wikipedia.org)
By day seven after fertilization, the newly formed primordial germ cells (PGC) in the implanted embryo segregate from the remaining somatic cells. (wikipedia.org)
The newly formed primordial germ cells (PGC) in the implanted embryo devolve from the somatic cells. (wikipedia.org)
After fertilization some cells of the newly formed embryo migrate to the germinal ridge and will eventually become the germ cells (sperm and oocytes) of the next generation. (wikipedia.org)
Therefore, during the process of gametogenesis the primordial germ cells must have their original biparental DNA methylation patterns erased and re-established based on the sex of the transmitting parent. (wikipedia.org)
NANOG is a core transcription factor (TF) in embryonic stem cells (ESCs) and primordial germ cells (PGCs). (biomedcentral.com)
Although NANOG plays a key role in germ cells, the molecular mechanism underlying its transcriptional regulation in PGCs has not been studied. (biomedcentral.com)
A germ cell-specific gene regulatory network is required to maintain the unique properties of primordial germ cells (PGCs) for transmission of genetic information to the next generation [ 6 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Depending on the species, DAZL is expressed in primordial germ cells (PGCs) and/or pre-meiotic and meiotic germ cells of both sexes. (ijbs.com)

Low ATP concentrations in hypoxic tumour cells disable the apoptotic cascade and induce cell death by necrosis. (bmj.com)

Restitution of miR122 in BCLC9 cells, decreases cell proliferation rate and reduces significantly tumor size in vivo . (oncotarget.com)
Treatment of miR122 positive cells with an inhibitor of TGFBR1 activation, abolished tumor dormancy program and recovered cell proliferation rate through a Smad-independent TGF-β response. (oncotarget.com)
Cell proliferation involves the replication of all cellular contents with the required energy for this to happen. (hindawi.com)
To prevent aberrant cell proliferation, these pathways are tightly regulated. (hindawi.com)
This activation is necessary for both cell proliferation as well as glucose uptake and use. (hindawi.com)
In addition, cell proliferation and angiogenesis will be stimulated, enabling better oxygenation of the tissue. (bmj.com)
erbB 2 antisense oligonucleotides inhibit proliferation of breast cancer cells with erbB oncogene amplification rkungsfaktorsteuerung second Br J Cancer. (mirnamimics.com)
Dysregulated cell proliferation underlies all forms of oncogenesis. (wisc.edu)
Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) results from the over-proliferation of progenitor cells of the myeloid lineage in the bone marrow. (ghrnet.org)
Ectopic expression of gene BCL2 enhances the survival and proliferation of chimpanzee and pig-tailed macaque iPSCs within the pre-implantation embryo, although the identity and long-term contribution of the transplanted cells warrants further investigation. (stanford.edu)
However, potentially erroneous characterization of cytotoxicity and cell proliferation can arise if verification of baseline interaction of test article with method employed is neglected. (cdc.gov)
Non-tumorigenic Beas-2B cells were treated with graded concentrations of benzo[a]pyrene (B[a]P) for 24 and 48h prior to cytotoxicity and proliferation assessment with commonly used MTT, MTS, WST1, and Alamar Blue assays. (cdc.gov)

In biology, reprogramming refers to erasure and remodeling of epigenetic marks, such as DNA methylation, during mammalian development or in cell culture. (wikipedia.org)
Our studies integrate molecular genetics, genomics, biochemistry and cell biology to address fundamental questions in virus replication and virus-cell interactions. (wisc.edu)
While originally trained in engineering, he completed a 5 year "re-training" in cell biology via an NIH K25 award which transitioned his lab to more biology and medically focused work. (wisc.edu)
The relevance of these phenomena in stem cell biology and tissue repair is discussed. (unicyte.ch)
with Stewart Sell who studied deeply the liver stem biology, and so on). (biava.me)

BCLC9-miR122 cells down-regulate expression of MYC, KLF4, FOXM1, AKT2 and AKT3 genes and up-regulate FOXO1 and FOXO3A gene expression. (oncotarget.com)
The diverse cell types are genetically identical, but differ in their form and function due to differences in gene expression. (edu.au)
not only can gene expression be manipulated and lineages traced at single-cell and whole-tissue levels, but complete population counts of all cell types are possible. (stanford.edu)

To overcome this issue, we established immortalized megakaryocyte cell lines (imMKCLs) by introducing three transgenes, c-MYC, BMI1, and BCL-XL, sequentially into hematopoietic and megakaryocytic progenitor stage cells derived from iPSCs. (biomedcentral.com)
Our hypothesis is that the transforming potential of Wnt signaling is unique to stem/progenitor cells. (wisc.edu)
Single-cell transcriptomic analysis confirmed inhibition of lineage-committed progenitor cells in physioxic cultures. (stanford.edu)

Asymmetric cell divisions (ACDs) generate two daughter cells with identical genetic information but distinct cell fates through epigenetic mechanisms. (elifesciences.org)
However, the process of partitioning different epigenetic information into daughter cells remains unclear. (elifesciences.org)
We suggest that asymmetric segregation of V-ATPase may cause distinct acidification levels in the two daughter cells, enabling asymmetric epigenetic inheritance that specifies their respective life-versus-death fates. (elifesciences.org)
The opposing cell fates of daughter cells, i.e., to live or die, offer a compelling experimental system for investigating how epigenetic inheritance determines life versus death decisions during ACD. (elifesciences.org)
Regulation of the NANOG gene by TFs, epigenetic factors, and autoregulatory factors is well characterized in ESCs, and transcriptional regulation of NANOG is well established in these cells. (biomedcentral.com)
We will then describe that resulting from engulfment and degradation of apoptotic cargo, phagocytes undergo an epigenetic, transcriptional and metabolic rewiring that leads to trained immunity, and discuss its relevance for microglia and brain function. (frontiersin.org)
The EV-mediated transfer of miRNAs is a particularly good candidate for the epigenetic alterations observed in recipient cells. (spandidos-publications.com)
Membrane vesicles, actively released by cells, represent a mechanism of intercellular communication that is conserved evolutionarily and involves the transfer of molecules able to induce epigenetic changes in recipient cells. (unicyte.ch)
In the present review we focus on the extracellular vesicle-induced epigenetic changes in recipient cells that may lead to phenotypic and functional modifications. (unicyte.ch)
Similarly, reprogramming of somatic cells involves a complex interaction among intracellular and extracellular signals leading to epigenetic remodeling [6]. (unicyte.ch)

Transcriptional activity is regulated by DNA binding transcription factors, but these typically act in more than one cell lineage activating different subsets of target genes in each. (edu.au)
Therefore, identification of regulatory elements within the promoter region is considered crucial to understand the mechanism underlying transcriptional regulation in specific cell types. (biomedcentral.com)
Growing evidence suggests that transcriptional regulators and secreted RNA molecules encapsulated within membrane vesicles modify the phenotype of target cells. (unicyte.ch)

Cells will adapt by activating the expression of genes involved in metabolic adaptation, such as those involved in glycolysis. (bmj.com)
Using our recently established haploid human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs), we generated a genome-wide loss-of-function library targeting 18,166 protein-coding genes to define the essential genes in hPSCs. (nature.com)
Fig. 2: Analysis of cell-essential genes. (nature.com)
PGCs express several pluripotency-related TFs such as NANOG, POU5F3 , and SOX2 , and their expression controls transcription of germness-related genes in these cells [ 11 , 29 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Only two Bcl-2 family genes have been found in Drosophila melanogaster including the pro-cell survival, human Bok-related orthologue, Buffy. (sdbonline.org)
GO-AgNPs induced significant cytotoxicity by the loss of cell viability, production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), cell cycle arrest, increasing leakage of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and level of Malondialdehyde (MDA), increasing expression of pro-apoptotic genes and decreasing expression of anti-apoptotic genes. (researchsquare.com)
We hypothesized that MDM2 in these cells inhibited transcription initiation at the p53 target genes p21 and puma . (oncotarget.com)
Surprisingly, following etoposide treatment transcription initiation occurred at the compromised target genes in MANCA and A875 cells similar to the T/T ML-1 cell line. (oncotarget.com)
We found that knockdown of MDM2 in G/G cells moderately increased expression of subsets of p53 target genes without increasing p53 stability. (oncotarget.com)
Enthesis development has historically been studied with lineage tracing of individual genes selected a priori, which does not allow for the determination of single-cell landscapes yielding mature cell types and tissues. (elifesciences.org)

Other than the PGCs, in the post-implantation stage, methylation patterns in somatic cells are stage- and tissue-specific with changes that presumably define each individual cell type and last stably over a long time. (wikipedia.org)
At this point the PGCs have about the same level of methylation as the somatic cells. (wikipedia.org)
Somatic cells are usually characterized by the absence of telomerase activity. (actanaturae.ru)

The telomere length specifies the number of divisions a cell can undergo before it finally dies (i.e. the proliferative potential of cells). (actanaturae.ru)

In addition, miR122 transfected cells decreased AKT2 kinase activation while decreased FOXO1 and FOXO3A protein inactivation. (oncotarget.com)
Mitochondria not only serve as power plants in cells but also act as crucial regulators in many biological processes, including reactive oxygen species (ROS) signaling, redox balance, calcium homeostasis, protein quality control, and programmed cell death ( 3 , 4 ). (frontiersin.org)
After Fas stimulation, Daxx is activated and plays its role of pro-apoptotic protein in activating the c-JUN-N-Terminal Kinase (JNK) pathway. (wikipedia.org)
In accordance with its tumor suppressor role, the Retinoblastoma protein pRb can ensure pro-apoptotic functions. (sdbonline.org)
From development to aging and disease, the brain parenchyma is under the constant threat of debris accumulation, in the form of dead cells and protein aggregates. (frontiersin.org)
The systemic immune status was examined by analyzing the frequency of immunosuppressive myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs), the ratio of two macrophage (M) subtypes, and the protein expression of associated molecules. (bvsalud.org)
Preexisting antivector immunity can severely compromise the ability of Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium live vaccines to induce protective CD8 T-cell frequencies after type III secretion system-mediated heterologous protein translocation in orally immunized mice. (cipsm.de)

The term "oncotarget" encompasses all molecules, pathways, cellular functions, cell types, and even tissues that can be viewed as targets relevant to cancer as well as other diseases. (oncotarget.com)
In normal cells, glucose participates in cellular energy production through glycolysis as well as through its complete catabolism via the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle and oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS). (hindawi.com)
During embryonic development, the unique cellular phenotypes of the adult are established. (edu.au)
CSCs represent a heterogeneous tumor cell population and lack specific cellular targets, which makes it a great challenge to target and eradicate them. (oaepublish.com)
Normal killer T-cell cytotoxicity ENMD-2076 t Of breast cancer targets is by two unique mechanisms surveilance old K Entire body surveilance-Dependent cytotoxicity t Re Improves cellular communication LFA towards t 3 and HER2/neu. (mirnamimics.com)
Such defects are often associated with changes in cellular signal transduction pathways, such as the Ras-Raf-MEK-ERK kinase cascade, which promotes cell survival and growth. (wisc.edu)
The ultrastructural study of the cellular modifications (during the life cycle reversion of T. nutricula) showed the presence of both degenerative and apoptotic processes. (researchgate.net)
The ultrastructural study of the cellular modiﬁcations (during the life cycle re version of T. (researchgate.net)

Accumulating evidence shows that cancer stem cells are key drivers of tumor formation, progression, and recurrence. (hindawi.com)
However, cancer cells overcome these controls, in particular by acquiring genetic mutations leading to the activation of oncogenes (pten, myc) or loss of tumor suppressors (p53) [ 1 ]. (hindawi.com)
In contrast to normal cells, most cancer cells predominantly produce energy by a high rate of glycolysis followed by lactate fermentation, even in the presence of oxygen, a less efficient metabolism compared to a low rate of glycolysis followed by mitochondrial oxidation of pyruvate [ 2 ]. (hindawi.com)
In contrast, cancer cells shift their metabolism toward lactate production even in the presence of oxygen [ 4 ], partly through genetic modifications that stabilize the transcription factor Hypoxia Inducible Factor (HIF) involved in the adaptation of the cells to hypoxia, under nonhypoxic conditions as well as generating an adaptive response to the hypoxic microenvironment (Figure 1 ). (hindawi.com)
Metabolic adaptations of cancer cells. (hindawi.com)
Glucose and glutamine are the 2 major substrates used by cancer cells. (hindawi.com)
We further focused our interest on the molecular mechanisms that underlie 125 I seeds radiation-induced paraptosis on colorectal cancer cells. (hindawi.com)
Cancer stem cells are responsible for tumor chemoresistance and recurrence in adjuvant and metastatic settings. (isciii.es)
The objective of this article was to evaluate how these chemotherapeutic regimens affect the proportion of cancer stem cells and the expression of stemness markers. (isciii.es)
After analyzing different tumor stem cell markers (SOX2, OCT4, CD133, CD44 and CD24) in pancreatic cancer cells treated with different chemotherapeutic protocols by means of RT-qPCR, Oxaliplatin and Gemcitabine in monotherapy were the chemotherapies that selected the most cancer stem cells while the FOLFIRI protocol decreased them. (isciii.es)
Recurrence and chemoresistance in pancreatic cancer are largely related to cancer stem cells. (isciii.es)
In the near future, novel chemo-/gene-therapies might be applied to treat cancer patient converting cancerous cells into normal differentiated cells. (intechopen.com)
Recent high-impact research has shown the genomic/genetic differences between cancer and normal cells using methods such as next-generation sequencing [ 1 , 2 ]. (intechopen.com)
We are currently investigating the function of chromatin modifiers during embryonic development, in adult stem cell populations and in cancer, and modelling chromatin-based intellectual disability to discover ameliorating treatments. (edu.au)
Here we show that methanolic extracts of Sapota fruit (MESF) induces cytotoxicity in a dose-dependent manner in cancer cell lines. (nature.com)
In a preliminary study it has been shown that phenolic antioxidants such as methyl 4- O -galloylchlorogenate and 4- O -galloylchlorogenic acid derived from Sapota fruits can induce cytotoxicity in colon cancer cells 23 . (nature.com)
The recurrence and drug resistance of breast cancer are intractable due to the presence of breast cancer stem cells (BCSCs), which are adequate to initiate tumor formation and refractory to conventional remedies. (spandidos-publications.com)
For instance, RUNX2 is involved in the progression of various tumor types, such as osteosarcoma, renal cell carcinoma, gastric cancer and breast cancer ( 15 - 20 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
Of note, other studies have also indicated the involvement of RUNX2 in breast cancer stem cells (BCSCs) and breast cancer progression ( 22 , 23 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
The cancer stem cell (CSC) paradigm emerged from investigating a subpopulation of less-differentiated CD34+/CD38- cells possessing stem cell-like renewal ability and robust malignant-initiating capacity in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) [ 1 ] . (oaepublish.com)
In addition to basic science investigations in such areas as tumor cell invasion, oncogenes, immunotherapy and genetic inheritance, our scientists and physicians participate in national cancer trials. (upstate.edu)
T lymphocytes for adoptive cell therapy against hematological cancer. (upstate.edu)
The surviving cells become cancer cells, which are capable both of dividing indefinitely and maintaining telomere length (usually with the aid of telomerase). (actanaturae.ru)
Cancer stem cells (CSCs) represent a distinct group of cells within cancerous tissue that possess the ability to initiate tumorigenesis and exhibit potency, self-renewal, and drug resistance. (bmrat.org)
Additionally, his retraining was cancer focused, and he now co-leads the Tumor Microenvironment Program within the University of Wisconsin Carbone Cancer Center (UWCCC). (wisc.edu)
Hypothesis which was based on the scientific examinations demonstrating that embryonic microenvironment factors were able to reprogram cancer cells, leading them to normal behavior. (biava.me)
Based on the hypothesis that the development of cancer is actively inhibited during embryonic life, the effects on tumor growth of homogenates of different tissues have been studied (embryos, uteri on the ninth day of pregnancy, non-pregnant uterus and normal liver) in C57BL / 6 female mice. (biava.me)
It took almost 20 years to frame these observations until "Nature", one of the most prestigious scientific journals in the world, published an article in 2007, where it was shown that cancer cells behave in a very similar way to stem cells and in particular those of zebrafish were referred to in the study. (biava.me)
a cancer cell is a cell that returns to its archaic state , i.e. when it was a stem cell, and it behaves as such. (biava.me)
Two mdm2 G/G SNP309 cancer cell lines, MANCA and A875, have compromised wild-type p53 that co-localizes with MDM2 on chromatin. (oncotarget.com)
In conclusion for cancer cells overexpressing MDM2, targeting MDM2 may be less effective than inducing p53-independent cell death. (oncotarget.com)
Chemotherapeutic agents that damage DNA activate the p53 pathway and can initiate cancer cell death [ 1 , 2 ]. (oncotarget.com)
In this study, we investigated programmed death-ligand 1 (PDL-1) as a potential biomarker for CAF-induced chemoresistance and evaluated its role and the underlying mechanisms of chemoresistance in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). (cdc.gov)
Silencing PDL-1 expression suppressed CAFs' ability to promote stem cell-like properties and invasiveness of lung cancer cells, favoring chemoresistance. (cdc.gov)

Long-term physioxic expansion also afforded culture-based ex vivo HSC selection from whole bone marrow, spleen, and embryonic tissues. (stanford.edu)
However, the accurate quantitation of mixed cell types in chimeric and mosaic tissues is complicated by sample preparation bias, transgenic silencing, phenotypic similarity, and low-throughput analytical pipelines. (stanford.edu)

We therefore tested a chemotherapeutic agent (8-amino-adenosine) that induces p53-independent cell death for higher clinically relevant cytotoxicity. (oncotarget.com)

The horizontal transfer of extracellular RNAs carried by EVs has been shown to be able to reprogram hematopoietic progenitors ( 11 ) and to activate endothelial cells ( 12 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
Aberrant expression of a third marker such as Thy-1/CD90 negativity, expression of CLL-1 and IL-3R (CD123), intermediate levels of aldehyde dehydrogenase and co-expression of common chromosomal translocation may be used to distinguish from normal hematopoietic stem cells. (ghrnet.org)
Physioxia improves the selectivity of hematopoietic stem cell expansion cultures. (stanford.edu)
Hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) are a rare hematopoietic cell type that can entirely reconstitute the blood and immune systems following transplantation. (stanford.edu)
Ex vivo HSC expansion has been suggested as an approach to improve hematopoietic reconstitution from low-cell dose grafts. (stanford.edu)

Leeb, M. & Wutz, A. Derivation of haploid embryonic stem cells from mouse embryos. (nature.com)
Nonetheless, BAR2 or P4 treatment revived the immune tolerance for semi-allogenic embryos by enhancing the immune cells and factors. (bvsalud.org)

Considerable effort has thus been devoted to generating induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) from multiple non-human primate species. (stanford.edu)

The cell phenotype is therefore determined by signals that target the cells received within a defined microenvironment. (unicyte.ch)
Its development, however, does no longer occur in the embryonic microenvironment, where all the substances that control and coordinate growth are physiologically present. (biava.me)

rbf1 , the Drosophila homolog of Rb , also displays a pro- apoptotic activity in proliferative cells. (sdbonline.org)

Unlike embryonic growth, adult organ remodeling is reversible and repeatable, suggesting that it occurs through different mechanisms. (stanford.edu)
In adult flies, the midgut is a stem cell-based organ analogous to the vertebrate small intestine. (stanford.edu)
Vesicles derived from adult human liver stem-like cells (HLSCs) have also been shown to contain ribonucleoproteins and different RNA species involved in hepatic regeneration ( 20 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
however, some species of Hydrozoa react to environmental stress by reverting their life cycle: i.e. an adult medusa goes back to the juvenile stage of polyp. (researchgate.net)
The significant presence of degenerative and apoptotic processes could be related to the occurrence of a sort of metamorphosis when an adult medusa transforms itself into a polyp. (researchgate.net)

Studies have shown that cell-to-cell mitochondrial transfer plays an essential role in regulating cardiovascular system development and maintaining normal tissue homeostasis under physiological conditions. (frontiersin.org)
We also discussed the advantage and challenges of mitochondrial transfer strategies, including cell-based mitochondrial transplantation, extracellular vesicle-based mitochondrial transplantation, and naked mitochondrial transplantation, for the treatment of cardiovascular disorders. (frontiersin.org)
Given the complexity of the biological function of mitochondria, researchers have begun to consider rescuing the injured cells through mitochondrial transfer, that is, replacing damaged mitochondria with healthy mitochondria from donor cells. (frontiersin.org)
Additionally, Trx2 right related with UCP3 as a result of a cell cycle activation mitochondrial targeting signaling sequence, was processed inside the intermembrane space, and thereby allowing redox reactions. (aurorapathway.com)

In the motor, somatosensory, and visual cortex, many pyramidal neurons in layer V exhibited undulating apical dendrites that did not reach layer I. The hippocampus of L1 mutant mice was smaller than normal, with fewer pyramidal and granule cells. (jneurosci.org)
Immunoperoxidase staining showed that L1 was abundant in developing neurons at embryonic day 18 (E18) in wild-type cerebral cortex, hippocampus, and corpus callosum and then declined to low levels with maturation. (jneurosci.org)
L1 has been localized to growth cones and processes of postmitotic developing neurons, where it mediates cell adhesion, neurite outgrowth, and axon bundling. (jneurosci.org)
QL or QR neuroblast each generates three neurons and two apoptotic cells (Q.aa/Q.pp, X). QL produces PQR, PVM, and SDQL. (elifesciences.org)

We demonstrate, for the first time, that dormancy program is achieved through a Smad-independent TGF-β pathway. (oncotarget.com)
This pathway normally regulates stress-induced cell death. (wikipedia.org)
The real apoptotic process starts after activating this pathway. (wikipedia.org)
When the cell is treated with TGF-β, HIPK2, a nuclear kinase, phosphorylates Daxx and the activated Daxx in turn activates the JNK pathway (see "The Daxx Pathway" figure). (wikipedia.org)
We found that 125 I seeds radiation activated PI3K/AKT signaling pathway and could trigger paraptosis-like cell death. (hindawi.com)
Moreover, inhibitor of PI3K/AKT signaling pathway could inhibit paraptosis-like cell death induced by 125 I seeds radiation. (hindawi.com)
Our data suggest that 125 I seeds radiation can induce paraptosis-like cell death via PI3K/AKT signaling pathway. (hindawi.com)

Importantly, etoposide and actinomycin D treatments increased histone H3K36 trimethylation in T/T, but not G/G cells, suggesting a G/G correlated inhibition of transcription elongation. (oncotarget.com)

Stem cells are key players in at least some of these mechanisms. (stanford.edu)
Both extrinsic and intrinsic mechanisms determine distinct daughter cell fates after ACD. (elifesciences.org)
Caenorhabditis elegans represents a valuable model for investigating ACD, given its invariant cell lineage and conserved mechanisms of ACD. (elifesciences.org)
Many studies have investigated germ cell-specific gene promoters to understand their regulatory mechanisms. (biomedcentral.com)
Studying such mechanisms not only provides mechanistic insights into these cells that are unresponsive to drugs, but may lead to the development of targeted and effective therapeutics to eradicate CSCs. (oaepublish.com)
B cells are therefore particularly dependent on 'quality control' mechanisms to oversee antibody production. (cipsm.de)

The aim of this study was to determinate the effect of different chemotherapy protocols used in the clinic on tumor stem cell markers in vitro . (isciii.es)
These antibodies are used as fluorescent markers to distinguish subsets of mouse thymic epithelial cells in genetic studies of the thymus . (wikipedia.org)

Up to 70% of hepatocellular carcinomas (HCC) show miR122 down-regulation [ 6 ] and the same applies for HCC-derived cell lines [ 7 ]. (oncotarget.com)
It has been associated with heterochromatin and PML-NBs (Promyelocytic Leukaemia nuclear bodies) and has been implicated in many nuclear processes including transcription and cell cycle regulation. (wikipedia.org)
Therefore, regulation of NANOG expression plays a critical role in determining the fate of pluripotent cells. (biomedcentral.com)
A tight spatial and timing regulation of growth factor action during embryonic development has been suggested [4]. (unicyte.ch)

At the level of the cell, Daxx is found in the cytoplasm, interacting with Fas-receptor or other cytoplasmic molecules, as well as in the nucleus, where it interacts with some subnuclear structures. (wikipedia.org)
The genetic information in eukaryotic cells is stored in linear DNA molecules known as chromosomes [ 1 ]. (actanaturae.ru)
Shortening of the 5'-terminus of the daughter strand, caused by the removal of the terminal RNA-primer and the subsequent incomplete replication of linear DNA molecules, is observed during the genome replication occurring upon cell fission. (actanaturae.ru)
It has been recognized that under physiological and pathological conditions, cells may release vesicles that may be instrumental in intercellular communication as they carry biologically active molecules ( 1 - 4 ). (spandidos-publications.com)

A morphological study of different stages during the reverted life cycle of Turritopsis nutricula led to the characterization of four different stages: healthy medusa, unhealthy medusa, four-leaf clover and cyst. (researchgate.net)
Degeneration was prevalent during the unhealthy medusa and four-leaf clover stages, while the apoptotic rate was higher during the healthy medusa and cyst stages. (researchgate.net)

It is also essential for development of nerval system by programmed cell death. (wikipedia.org)
When Daxx was not expressed or disrupted during embryonic development, it resulted in an early stage lethality. (wikipedia.org)
We have shown that MOZ/MYST3 is essential for the development of haematopoietic stem cells and that QKF/MYST4 has a critical role in neural stem cells and in brain development. (edu.au)
Immunoreceptor signaling during development, homeostasis, and effector function of T cells and NK cells. (upstate.edu)
This paper represents a valuable single-cell level analysis of tendon enthesis development. (elifesciences.org)

nutricula ) showed the presence of both degenerative and apoptotic processes. (researchgate.net)

And paraptosis is also insensitive to apoptotic and autophagic inhibitor [ 10 ]. (hindawi.com)

Typically, rapidly proliferating tumor cells have glycolytic rates up to 200 times higher than those of their normal tissue of origin, even in the presence of oxygen [ 3 ]. (hindawi.com)

In vivo experiments were conducted using a co-implantation xenograft mouse model with live cell imaging and immunohistochemistry. (cdc.gov)

Our goal is to understand how this nutrient-driven mechanism regulates stem cell behavior for lifelong optimization of organ form and function. (stanford.edu)

The process of autophagy in mammalian cells involves six principal actions: initiation, nucleation, elongation, closure, maturation, buy 480-11-5 and degradation [27]. (immune-source.com)

Taken all together this demonstrates a role for Buffy, a Bcl-2 pro-cell survival gene, in neuroprotection. (sdbonline.org)
The biological importance of activation targets of Nanog, Oct4, SOX-2, and c-Myc in CSCs, which are more frequently overexpressed in poorly differentiated tumors than in well-differentiated tumors, has been shown by correlating signature characteristics of these cells and poor survival [ 3 ] . (oaepublish.com)

Their cell lineage-specific effects are governed by chromatin structure. (edu.au)

We show for the first time that different trans -regulatory elements control transcription of cNANOG in a cell type-specific manner. (biomedcentral.com)

In pathological conditions, damaged cells transfer dysfunctional mitochondria toward recipient cells to ask for help and take up exogenous functional mitochondria to alleviate injury. (frontiersin.org)
These are the results attained by a partnership of 23 Italian universities aimed at the study of new frontiers of cells reprogramming in order to determine fate of healthy and pathological stem cells. (biava.me)

And the released mitochondria can also act as a distress signal to activate the rescue properties of recipient cells ( 12 , 13 ). (frontiersin.org)
We have found that when dietary load increases, midgut stem cells activate a reversible growth program that increases total intestinal cell number and digestive capacity. (stanford.edu)

p class=\'abstract\'>Barrier epithelial organs face the constant challenge of sealing the interior body from the external environment while simultaneously replacing the cells that contact this environment. (stanford.edu)

The study of CSCs often encounters challenges in obtaining these cells of interest or generating a sufficient quantity for downstream analysis. (bmrat.org)

Another important cell death-property of Daxx is the association with PML-NB. (wikipedia.org)
The work presented here characterizes a novel form of cell death in response to 125 I seeds radiation. (hindawi.com)
Paraptosis is a kind of caspase-independent programmed cell death and is characterized by distinct cytoplasmic vacuolization derived from swelling endoplasmic reticulum and/or mitochondria. (hindawi.com)
The cells subsequently enter a state of crisis, accompanied by massive cell death. (actanaturae.ru)
We demonstrated that T/T and G/G mdm2 SNP309 cells were equally sensitive to 8-amino-adenosine induced cell death. (oncotarget.com)

Aliotta et al ( 15 ) demonstrated that lung-derived vesicles carried RNA to marrow cells and altered the phenotype of these cells both genetically and functionally. (spandidos-publications.com)
Growth factors may act either in an autocrine or a paracrine fashion and their temporal and spatial concentration modulates the cell phenotype and function. (unicyte.ch)

We find they gestate their future apical membrane in a sublumenal niche created by a transitional occluding junction that envelops the differentiating cell and enables it to form a deep, microvilli-lined apical pit. (stanford.edu)
Stem cells are characterized by a lower telomerase activity, which enables only partial compensation for the shortening of telomeres. (actanaturae.ru)

Cell Stem Cell 19 , 569-572 (2016). (nature.com)

Generation of genetically modified mice by oocyte injection of androgenetic haploid embryonic stem cells. (nature.com)

Keratin also protects epithelial cells from damage or stress. (wikipedia.org)
They are also present in epithelial cells in general. (wikipedia.org)
For example, mouse thymic epithelial cells react with antibodies for keratin 5, keratin 8, and keratin 14. (wikipedia.org)

Nowadays, more and more studies have revealed that cells in the cardiovascular system (such as cardiomyocytes, vascular smooth muscle cells, endothelial cells, et al. (frontiersin.org)
EVs were instrumental in transferring selected miRNAs from HLSCs to human endothelial cells absent in the latter cells. (spandidos-publications.com)

Cell cycle analysis showed an accumulation of tumor cells predominantly in 511296-88-1 manufacture G0/G1 phase with an increase in concentration of TD-MSCs, which was confirmed by increased mRNA expression of cell cycle negative regulator p21. (immune-source.com)

In normal cells, the fate of pyruvate depends on many factors, one of which is oxygen availability. (hindawi.com)
The fate of the cell is deter- mined by coordinated and dynamic interactions among a number of factors, acting in a defined microenviron- ment. (unicyte.ch)

In particular, chromosomal aberrations sometimes enable a subpopulation of cells to grow in an uncontrolled fashion, leading to tumor formation. (wisc.edu)

They demonstrated that transferring functional mitochondria of bone marrow-derived stem cells to defective parenchymal cells increases the aerobic respiration capacity of recipient mitochondria ( 7 ). (frontiersin.org)
Platelets are released from megakaryocytes (MKs) in the bone marrow and circulate as anucleate blood cells with a diameter of about 2-4 μm. (biomedcentral.com)
And, we furtherly performed single-cell spatial transcriptomic sequencing on postnatal day 1 mouse enthesis, in order to deconvolute bone-tendon junction (BTJ) chondrocytes onto spatial spots. (elifesciences.org)

Lipids, amino acids, and nucleotides necessary for the biosynthesis of the daughter cells are mostly provided by intermediate metabolites of these pathways. (hindawi.com)

Mammalian cells have developed a range of adaptations to survive acute and even prolonged hypoxia. (bmj.com)

Anatomy46

Organisms10

Diseases6

Chemicals and Drugs79

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment47

Phenomena and Processes70

Disciplines and Occupations4

Technology, Industry, Agriculture1

Information Science3

Apoptosis23

Differentiation14

Proteins9

Mouse embryonic2

Early embryonic2

Mesenchymal4

Germ cells9

Induce Cell Death1

Proliferation12

Biology5

Gene expression3

Progenitor3

Epigenetic10

Transcriptional3

Genes10

Somatic3

Undergo1

Protein7

Cellular8

Cancer34

Tissues2

Cytotoxicity1

Hematopoietic5

Embryos2

Pluripotent stem1

Microenvironment2

Proliferative1

Adult5

Mitochondrial4

Neurons4

Pathway7

Inhibition1

Mechanisms6

Markers2

Regulation4

Molecules4

Stages2

Development5

Processes1

Inhibitor1

Tissue1

Vivo1

Mechanism1

Degradation1

Survival2

Lineage1

Transcription1

Pathological2

Activate2

Abstract1

CSCs1

Death5

Phenotype2

Enables2

20161

Genetically1

Epithelial cells3

Endothelial cells2

Accumulation1

Fate2

Tumor formation1

Bone3

Pathways1

Mammalian1