• Another point of misunderstanding arises in the separation of human reproductive cloning and therapeutic cloning. (wikipedia.org)
  • While most Christians do not support reproductive cloning, therapeutic cloning is a branch of cloning which has garnered slightly more support from certain denominations. (wikipedia.org)
  • Courtney Campbell, director of the Program for Ethics, Science and the Environment at Oregon State University, says, "Some traditions and leading figures in conservative Protestantism who were opposed to human cloning for reproductive reasons have come to see that given the ambiguity about their own views about the status of embryonic life, and given the potential for health benefits, they could be opposed to reproductive cloning, but affirm therapeutic cloning. (wikipedia.org)
  • Catholic support for therapeutic cloning is conditional on the stipulation that it does not involve any kind of infringement upon human embryos. (wikipedia.org)
  • Thus, according to the Catholic ethical system, even a good that might come from therapeutic cloning would be morally unacceptable, as it would be the result of an act which, according to Catholics, is itself intrinsically immoral. (wikipedia.org)
  • However, therapeutic cloning may be thought of as ethical, as it does not result in another human being. (wikipedia.org)
  • Thus, while reproductive cloning is again discouraged, therapeutic cloning is more acceptable. (wikipedia.org)
  • A growing number of U.S. legislators seem prepared to support research on therapeutic cloning. (publicintegrity.org)
  • I shall not repeat my views on therapeutic cloning. (parliament.uk)
  • Kuldip S. Sidhu , " Frontiers in Pluripotent Stem Cells Research and Therapeutic Potentials Bench-to-Bedside ", Bentham Science Publishers (2012). (benthamscience.com)
  • Embryonic stem cells (ESCs) can grow infinitely and give rise to all types of cells in human body, thus of tremendous therapeutic potentials for a variety of diseases, such as Parkinson's disease, spinal cord injury, and diabetes. (benthamscience.com)
  • Under such circumstances, the idea of "therapeutic cloning" was proposed, indicating the generation of ESCs from SCNT embryos for therapeutic purpose. (benthamscience.com)
  • However, there are a number of factors limiting the procurement of organs and accordingly, therapeutic cloning that perhaps can yield still better results needs to be considered as an alternative. (scialert.net)
  • He went on to build his reputation as a pioneer in therapeutic cloning, the applications of which could have presented opportunities such as developing muscle, nerve or other cells that make up the body's tissue. (mycinderellamoment.com)
  • Otherwise, such a treaty would not recognize the inherent human nature of the early human embryo or fetus until after birth , and thus cloning them and using them for research - both "therapeutic" and "reproductive" -- would not be banned, and women undergoing "infertility treatments" could surely be put in danger. (lifeissues.net)
  • On the topic of cloning we should set an example by outlawing it in all its forms, cloned babies and so called 'therapeutic cloning' (which is a misnomer as at this stage no therapeutic benefit will result from the cloned embryo). (cmq.org.uk)
  • Mr Blair says the European biotech industry will be worth $100 billion by 2005 and the day after the British Parliament gave the green light for therapeutic cloning the leading commercial player was rewarded with a substantial jump in share value. (cmq.org.uk)
  • We actually saw people depart from his team during the course of his research," she says, "and the bottom line is that human embryonic stem cell research has never offered any kind of therapeutic plus to anybody. (shanktified.com)
  • Chinese scientists at various research institutions have reported successful experiments in human cloning, including the production of human-rabbit hybrid embryonic stem cells, according to the claims of Professor Lu Guangxiu at Xiangya Medical College, who told the Wall Street Journal in March of 2002 that researchers at the College had been successfully cloning embryos for two years. (publicintegrity.org)
  • Japan subsequently enacted legislation in late 2000 criminalizing the cloning of human embryos for reproductive purposes. (publicintegrity.org)
  • China enacted regulations early this year to allow the cloning of human embryos for research, and South Korea enacted similar legislation to allow research days ahead of the February announcement. (publicintegrity.org)
  • Depending on the source, stem cells can be classified into two broad categories i.e. embryonic stem cells that are derived from embryos and non-embryonic stem cells that are derived from adult and fetal tissues. (benthamscience.com)
  • However, the derivation of human NT-ESCs goes with the destruction of clone embryos, leading to fierce ethical disputes. (benthamscience.com)
  • These embryos are flexible and have more potential than the adult stem cells, according to the National Institutes of Health (NIH), Embryonic stem cells can become all cell types of the body because they are pluripotent. (oxodocs.com)
  • In addition to that, Dr. Richard Maurice in his article titled Key Ethical Issues in Embryonic Stem Cell Research published for the Department of the Parliamentary Library in Australa, the probability of IVF embryos developing into full-term successful births is low. (oxodocs.com)
  • Embryos used in stem cell research are not from abortions. (ontheissues.org)
  • The somatic cell and the oocyte is then fused (f) and the embryos is allowed to develop to a blastocyst in vitro (g). (biomedcentral.com)
  • Currently, the efficiency for nuclear transfer is between 0-10%, i.e., 0-10 live births after transfer of 100 cloned embryos. (biomedcentral.com)
  • President Bush, saying he wanted to "proceed with great care," announced in a national address on August 9 that he would allow federal funding of an existing 60 stem-cell lines but would not permit tax dollars to pay for the destruction of any additional human embryos. (christianitytoday.com)
  • The rule circumvented a 1995 congressional ban on using federal money for biomedical research on embryos outside the womb by allowing researchers to use stem cells extracted by a third party. (christianitytoday.com)
  • The groups argue that rather than waste embryos that will be destroyed along with their stem cells, researchers should use them to help save those whose lives are being cut short by disease. (christianitytoday.com)
  • Indeed, some observers believe the demand for stem cells is dangerously close to spawning a huge commercial industry around the sale of and experimentation on human embryos. (christianitytoday.com)
  • Already, news that Advanced Cell Technology-a Massachusetts-based, privately held biotech company-and Virginia Medical School's Jones Institute had created or planned to create human embryos for the sole purpose of extracting their stem cells has troubled those on both sides of the debate. (christianitytoday.com)
  • Stem cells from cord blood or adult tissues do not give rise to the same moral considerations as those derived from embryos or cloned embryos or aborted foetuses. (cmq.org.uk)
  • Stem cells from embryos may finally cure patients-reviving a bitter debate. (robertlanza.com)
  • Stem cells are taken from donated human embryos, then grown in a lab until they differentiate into cells that can treat macular degeneration. (robertlanza.com)
  • If cells harvested from patients themselves can treat disease, perhaps there's no need to use ones obtained from human embryos-with all the questions that raises. (robertlanza.com)
  • A bioethics board at UCLA recently approved a clinical trial of cells Lanza has produced from human embryonic stem cells-obtained from donated in vitro fertilization embryos-to treat blindness. (robertlanza.com)
  • Schwartz told the nuns the trial would use cells from human embryos. (robertlanza.com)
  • As soon as James Thompson of the University of Wisconsin, Madison, announced in 1998 that he had taken days-old human embryos and derived stem cells-which give rise to every kind of cell and thus hold out the promise of curing diseases from Parkinson's to juvenile diabetes-the science has been both besieged and stymied by religious and moral objections. (robertlanza.com)
  • In 2004, Lanza and colleagues published a paper showing that they could coax stem cells from human embryos to become retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) cells, which lie at the back of the eye and nourish the retina's rods and cones with "trophic" (growth) factors. (robertlanza.com)
  • Although the source of induced pluripotent stem cells does not raise unique ethical concerns, there are other ethical issues around related to the experimental use of human pluripotent stem cells whether they are derived from embryos or adults. (gc.ca)
  • The Act applies to the derivation of human pluripotent stem cells from human embryos, but does not apply to research using human embryonic stem cell lines that have already been derived. (gc.ca)
  • Several western scientists have been conducting their research in Asian countries in the past few years, including Cibelli, formerly of Advanced Cell Technology, an early U.S. pioneer of embryo research, as well as Alan Colman, now located in Singapore, one of the scientists who helped create the first mammalian clone, the sheep Dolly. (publicintegrity.org)
  • for the purposes of embryo research": * bring about the creation of an embryo * replace the nucleus of a cell of an embryo with a nucleus taken from any other cell * clone any embryo. (biopolicywiki.org)
  • Although the efficiency of nuclear transfer has been dramatically improved from the initial success rate of one live clone born from 277 embryo transfers [ 1 ], none of the aforementioned efforts abolished the common problems associated with nuclear transfer. (biomedcentral.com)
  • In between, in 2004 his team claimed to have created an embryonic stem cell line from a cloned human embryo, with the work published in the prestigious Science journal. (mycinderellamoment.com)
  • But it is perhaps not auspicious to quote him for purposes of the scientific debates on human cloning, because Ramsey agreed with and supported the scientific myth of the "pre-embryo" 47 made famous by Jesuit Richard McCormick and frog embryologist Clifford Grobstein. (lifeissues.net)
  • Perhaps Ramsey would give other extraordinarily powerful arguments as to why human cloning is unethical, but he obviously would not be able to base it on his unscientific "pre-embryo" position. (lifeissues.net)
  • Again, Saunders is referring to SCNT as "THE" cloning procedure, when there are many other ways to clone a human being as well, and he is scientifically mis-defining the product of SCNT (i.e., the cloned human embryo). (lifeissues.net)
  • Bush promised in January to review a Clinton administration rule that allowed federal funding for researchers experimenting on embryo cells from fertility clinics. (christianitytoday.com)
  • Under the rule, a third party could destroy the embryo by taking it apart and preserving the remaining living stem cells for research. (christianitytoday.com)
  • The intention of Parliament in drawing up the 1990 Act was to totally ban cloning which was then foreseen as transferring a nucleus into an enucleated embryo. (cmq.org.uk)
  • It is also our view that there are no sound reasons for treating the early-stage human embryo or cloned human embryo as anything special, or as having moral status greater than human somatic cells in tissue culture. (wikiquote.org)
  • Hwang rose from being an obscure veterinarian to international research community fame in 2004 when he claimed to be the first investigator to clone a human embryo. (shanktified.com)
  • In the early embryonic development, abnormal expression of EZH2 impaired embryo growth and pluripotency maintenance [ 7 , 8 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • Putative "stemness" gene jam-B is not required for maintenance of stem cell state in embryonic, neural, or hematopoietic stem cells. (taconic.com)
  • For pediatric patients with refractory cytopenia, certain cytogenetic abnormalities, or malignant transformation, hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) from a matched related or unrelated donor early in the course of the disease is the treatment of choice. (medscape.com)
  • Genetic abnormalities associated with MDS block differentiation of hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells. (medscape.com)
  • PNH occurs when a somatic variant of the PIGA gene or PIGT gene occurs in a blood-forming cell called a hematopoietic stem cell. (medlineplus.gov)
  • MDS is rare in childhood and may have a rapidly progressive course with an extremely poor prognosis without hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). (medscape.com)
  • We discuss these properties with examples both from the hematopoietic and embryonic stem cell (ESC) systems. (lu.se)
  • On the other hand, according to a survey of Christian fundamentalist pastors, responses indicated a "common account of human cloning as primarily reproductive in nature, proscribed by its violation of God's will and role. (wikipedia.org)
  • All of these things may contribute to why many fundamentalist Christian pastors see human reproductive cloning as simply "forbidden territory. (wikipedia.org)
  • The Church of England put out a statement on the Church's website which reads, "human reproductive cloning was made unlawful by the Human Fertilisation and Embryology Act 1990. (wikipedia.org)
  • The United States currently has no comprehensive law, and legislation that would have banned both research and reproductive cloning has failed to reach a vote in the Senate after approval in the House of Representatives in July 2001. (publicintegrity.org)
  • History=The Human Reproductive Technology Ordinance of 200 appears to have prohibited research cloning, stating that "No person shall. (biopolicywiki.org)
  • Since the term "born" has been used as an essential part of the definition of " reproductive cloning " used by Weissman, the National Academy of Sciences, etc., then it is critical to use the accurate term with the proper meaning. (lifeissues.net)
  • Reproductive cloning is expensive and highly inefficient. (wikiquote.org)
  • Stem cells are not specialized and the process of their specialization is called differentiation. (benthamscience.com)
  • 2014. CTCF binding site sequence differences are associated with unique regulatory and functional trends during embryonic stem cell differentiation . (umd.edu)
  • The principles of stem cell development and differentiation should be researched in animals. (cmq.org.uk)
  • Furthermore, the decreased expression of the EZH2 gene is crucial for stem cell differentiation into specific cell lineages involved in myogenesis, adipogenesis, osteogenesis, neurogenesis, and haematopoiesis [ 9 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • Stem and progenitor cell populations are often heterogeneous, which may reflect stem cell subsets that express subtly different properties, including different propensities for lineage selection upon differentiation, yet remain able to interconvert. (lu.se)
  • A key challenge is to understand how state, but must also afford flexibility in cell-fate choice to permit the different cell-fate options confronting stem and progenitor cell-type diversification and differentiation in response to cells are selected and coordinated such that adoption of a given intrinsic cues or extrinsic signals. (lu.se)
  • Evidence the fate of stem cells has broad ramifications for biomedical suggests that during development or differentiation, cells make science from elucidating the causes of cancer to the use of very precise transitions between apparently stable ``network stem cells in regenerative medicine. (lu.se)
  • The way I vote now is to look at the issues, starting with the five non-negotiables: Abortion, Euthanasia, Embryonic Stem Cell Research, Human Cloning, and Same-Sex Marriage. (lifesitenews.com)
  • Do you exclude advocates of abortion, euthanasia, embryonic stem-cell research or cloning as commencement speakers or recipients of honorary degrees? (thomasaquinas.edu)
  • Bush proudly noted that he signed into law a ban on partial-birth abortion, protection for unborn victims of violence and survivors of abortion, signed an executive order banning financial support for overseas abortions and limiting federal funding on embryonic stem cell research. (theinterim.com)
  • China has reportedly been increasing its funding for cloning and other biotechnology research efforts. (publicintegrity.org)
  • The study of biology of stem cells is the hallmark of the recent emerging field of regenerative medicine and medical biotechnology. (benthamscience.com)
  • Biotechnology companies specializing in stem-cell research stand to reap huge financial windfalls from successful therapies developed via this science," said the CPI report. (christianitytoday.com)
  • The report notes that the AAR, which bills itself as the leading citizen advocacy organization for improving the health of older Americans, "also happens to receive funding from private-sector biotechnology companies that have a financial stake in the outcome of the stem-cell debate, including Geron," the for-profit corporation that isolated embryonic stem cells in 1998. (christianitytoday.com)
  • In the year 2000 biotechnology stocks performed better that their dot-com counterparts. (cmq.org.uk)
  • Cloning in biotechnology refers to processes used to create copies of DNA fragments ( molecular cloning ), cells (cell cloning), or organisms . (wikiquote.org)
  • Developments in biotechnology have raised new concerns about animal welfare, as farm animals now have their genomes modified (genetically engineered) or copied (cloned) to propagate certain traits useful to agribusiness, such as meat yield or feed conversion. (wikiquote.org)
  • Detailed descriptions of methods used in animal cloning and biotechnology are provided in the report Animal Biotechnology: Science-Based Concerns (NRC, 2002). (nationalacademies.org)
  • Voted NO on expanding research to more embryonic stem cell lines. (ontheissues.org)
  • The privately-funded experiment, which took place at Seoul National University under the guidance of Korean Hwang Woo-suk and American Jose Cibelli, was only the latest in a group of announcements from research institutions in Asia in the last few years, and demonstrates that cloning research is becoming "globalized" like any other commodity. (publicintegrity.org)
  • Although stem cell research efforts have been in place for several years, the top countries in Asia have only recently begun to regulate the science. (publicintegrity.org)
  • I was the lay member of the Medical Research Council at the time, and human cloning was far from being science fiction. (parliament.uk)
  • The Medical Research Council has offered up to 50 such stem cell lines, because that is what is needed to overcome different immuno-responses. (parliament.uk)
  • Voted YES on allowing human embryonic stem cell research. (issues2000.org)
  • Voted NO on forbidding human cloning for reproduction & medical research. (issues2000.org)
  • Embryonic Stem Cells (ESCs) Research is back in the news again. (oxodocs.com)
  • as Pope John Paul II clearly stated, embryonic research is morally unacceptable. (oxodocs.com)
  • Why should we support embryonic stem cells research? (oxodocs.com)
  • Such is the fate of two entire fields of academia intertwined in the current issue of human embryonic stem cell research. (lifeissues.net)
  • See Irving, "Human Embryonic Stem Cell Research: Are official positions based on scientific fraud? (lifeissues.net)
  • He told me that stem cell research carried the promise of a cure -- but that the Bush administration was blocking that research from happening. (ontheissues.org)
  • On the first day I enter the Oval Office, I will repeal the Bush restrictions on stem cell research. (ontheissues.org)
  • Research cloning is specifically allowed. (biopolicywiki.org)
  • Expand embryonic stem cell research. (ontheissues.org)
  • Developmental defects, including abnormalities in cloned fetuses and placentas, in addition to high rates of pregnancy loss and neonatal death have been encountered by every research team studying somatic cloning. (biomedcentral.com)
  • After an investigation, the Seoul National University announced on Jan. 10, 2006, that the entirety of Hwang's human stem cell research had been fabricated and there were no cloned stem cells. (mycinderellamoment.com)
  • The prolife lobby also received help from Do No Harm, a coalition of researchers, bioethicists, and doctors who spearheaded a nationwide petition urging Bush to oppose destructive human embryonic stem-cell research. (christianitytoday.com)
  • Bush's announcement grieved patients' groups and many in the scientific and medical communities who believe embryonic stem-cell research could provide a cure for millions. (christianitytoday.com)
  • A report published by the nonpartisan Center for Public Integrity (CPI) quoted a National Institutes of Health official who said that "the fledgling stem-cell industry would profit tremendously from federal funding that would cover embryonic stem-cell research. (christianitytoday.com)
  • There is a range of different views world-wide on the acceptability of research on embryonic stem cells. (cmq.org.uk)
  • Some forms of stem cell research such as the use of cells from adults or cord blood, are not controversial. (cmq.org.uk)
  • What are the potential medical benefits of stem cell research 9 what is the most likely time scale for realising them? (cmq.org.uk)
  • The possible benefits of stem cell research are unknown or at best speculative, though the prospects appear superficially attractive. (cmq.org.uk)
  • Noted pro-life advocate Judie Brown, president of the American Life League (ALL), says the revelation that a well-known South Korean scientist faked his research on the cloning of embryonic stem cells is just further proof that the use of these ethically controversial stem cells is nothing more than the unnecessary destruction of innocent human life. (shanktified.com)
  • South Korea's leading university says gene research superstar Hwang Woo-Suk did not produce any stem cells individually tailored to patients as he had claimed. (shanktified.com)
  • There is no credibility whatsoever in human embryonic stem cell research, and there never has been. (shanktified.com)
  • But what Hwang has just proven, Brown contends, is that the only thing embryonic stem cell research proponents have, figuratively speaking, is "a deck of cards that has been built up into some kind of a pyramid that's going to descend upon itself and be destroyed. (shanktified.com)
  • Great Iranian Muslim scholars netics, stem cell research, and organ trans- laid huge emphasis on teaching and practis- plantation are some of the medical issues ing ethics. (who.int)
  • and altering cell and tissue characteristics for biomedical research and manufacturing. (nationalacademies.org)
  • Also, Kerry cynically campaigned on the issue of embryonic stem cell research, promising to open up the federal taps to fund it. (theinterim.com)
  • The Democratic National Convention had Ronald Reagan Jr. misleadingly talk about how embryonic stem cell research cures were just around the corner. (theinterim.com)
  • said Kerry's running on embryonic stem cell research showed that "he is not interested in the facts and will say or do anything to gain him a political edge, regardless of the truth. (theinterim.com)
  • Take the issues of cloning and embryonic stem cell research. (breakpoint.org)
  • His single-minded determination has made him a punching bag for U.S. senators, the Catholic Church, and his fellow stem-cell scientists, to name but a few who have attacked his research. (robertlanza.com)
  • After President Bush banned the use of federal money for most embryonic-stem-cell research in 2001, it was left to private companies (or academic labs using private money) to carry the ball. (robertlanza.com)
  • Stem cell research has the potential to provide treatments for a host of debilitating diseases including Alzheimer's, Parkinson's, diabetes, multiple sclerosis, heart disease, and spinal cord injury. (gc.ca)
  • In recognition of this and because of the complex ethical issues that it raises, the President of CIHR convened the Ad Hoc Working Group on Stem Cell Research in the fall of 2000. (gc.ca)
  • Its mandate was to advise CIHR as to whether human embryonic stem cell and human embryonic germ cell research should be considered eligible for CIHR funding. (gc.ca)
  • While research on human adult stem cells was not included in the Working Group's mandate, recent scientific research has confirmed the possibility of generating human pluripotent stem cells with properties similar to embryonic stem cells from adult cells (e.g., induced pluripotent stem cells). (gc.ca)
  • In January 2002, after a year of discussion and consultation, the group produced a report to CIHR's Governing Council, which was unanimously accepted and formed the basis of human pluripotent stem cell research guidelines that were publicly announced in March 2002. (gc.ca)
  • Until then, Canada had no laws to govern human pluripotent stem cell research, nor were there any guidelines for researchers, research ethics boards, or funding agencies on how human pluripotent stem cells may be derived and used. (gc.ca)
  • The guidelines provided for the review of human stem cell research applications by a Stem Cell Oversight Committee (SCOC). (gc.ca)
  • The former CIHR Guidelines for Human Pluripotent Stem Cell Research (2002, 2005, 2006, 2007, and 2010), the Report of the ad hoc working group (2002) and Discussion paper (2001) are available in electronic format on request. (gc.ca)
  • It Was Good: Making Art to the Glory of God (Square Halo Books, 2000) by Ed Bustard (editor) and others, and Imagine: A Vision for Christians in the Arts (InterVarsity, 2001) by Steve Turner. (breakpoint.org)
  • I have considered the issue of adult stem cells very carefully and come to the conclusion that because they do not differentiate as much as embryonic cells, that is a severe medical and scientific disadvantage. (parliament.uk)
  • The non-embryonic stem cells like adult stem cells are in clinical use for many years and embryonic stem cells are now emerging as an alternative source for the same purpose with huge potentials in drug discovery and toxicological studies. (benthamscience.com)
  • Adult tissue-derived mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) are showing promise in clinical trials for systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). (nature.com)
  • Human embryonic stem cell (hESC)-derived MSCs are an alternative to adult MSCs that can circumvent issues regarding scalability and consistent quality due to their derivation from a renewable starting material. (nature.com)
  • As chief medical officer of Advanced Cell Technology, a leading stem-cell company, he has no doubt that adult stem cells will fall woefully short of the promise of embryonic ones. (robertlanza.com)
  • Adult stem cells can't do all the same tricks," he argues. (robertlanza.com)
  • 체세포 핵 치환 (Somatic-cell nuclear transfer, SCNT)은 난자 의 핵 을 제거한 후에, 체세포 의 핵을 이식하여 복제 를 하는 기술을 말한다. (wikipedia.org)
  • RMND5 from Xenopus laevis is an E3 ubiquitin-ligase and functions in early embryonic forebrain development. (xenbase.org)
  • It's enough to suggest that the bitter religious, ethical, and political battles over stem cells that began in 1998 were pointless. (robertlanza.com)
  • In biology , cloning is the process of producing similar populations of genetically identical individuals that occurs in nature when organisms such as bacteria , insects or plants reproduce asexually . (wikiquote.org)
  • Understanding cell-fate decisions in stem cell populations is a major goal of modern biology. (lu.se)
  • Cloning by nuclear transfer using mammalian somatic cells has enormous potential application. (biomedcentral.com)
  • In reality, gene somatic cells to a pluripotent cell state by a handful of transcrip- expression is graded, making the potential gene expression tion factors (Takahashi and Yamanaka, 2006). (lu.se)
  • From 1995 to 2000, it reportedly spent over $180 million and after 2000 has reportedly boosted funding for the next five years to over $600 million. (publicintegrity.org)
  • 1995) and subsequently in primary cells (Heyworth et al. (lu.se)
  • These results validated a different transcript in pigs and characterized its expression profile in fetal tissues of different gestation stages, which indicated that EZH2 played important roles during porcine embryonic development. (hindawi.com)
  • In this study, we identified a transcript variant of EZH2 in porcine fetal tissues by cloning and sequencing. (hindawi.com)
  • I am very concerned about the unrelenting pressure that a few scientists and pharmaceutical companies are putting on legislators, like yourself, to approve Embryonic Stem Cell Cloning (also called cell nuclear replacement). (parliament.uk)
  • Mouse nuclear transfer embryonic stem cells (NT-ESCs) were first established in 2000, and then proved to be able to differentiate either in vivo or in vitro, and give rise to individual tissues through germ line transmission or tetraploid complementation. (benthamscience.com)
  • Because cattle are a species widely used for nuclear transfer studies, and more laboratories have succeeded in cloning cattle than any other specie, this review will be focused on somatic cell cloning of cattle. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Somatic cell cloning (cloning or nuclear transfer) is a technique in which the nucleus (DNA) of a somatic cell is transferred into an enucleated metaphase-II oocyte for the generation of a new individual, genetically identical to the somatic cell donor (Figure 1 ). (biomedcentral.com)
  • Various strategies have been employed to modify donor cells and the nuclear transfer procedure in attempts to improve the efficiency of nuclear transfer. (biomedcentral.com)
  • More than 100 nuclear transfer procedures could be required to produce one viable clone. (wikiquote.org)
  • The advent of techniques to propagate animals by nuclear transfer, also known as cloning, potentially offers many important applications to animal agriculture, including reproducing highly desired elite sires and dams. (nationalacademies.org)
  • What is more, by deriving NT-ESCs from patient cells, the problem of immune rejection may be avoided. (benthamscience.com)
  • There are various ways to obtain stem cells: blood cells (extracted from the umbilical cord blood, after a baby is born), bone marrow donation (from existing human beings), and the ESCs from the fertility clinics. (oxodocs.com)
  • Scientists, on the other hand, have a different view on what is life, they argue that ESCs are pluripotent, ESCs hold the possibility of developing into any organ of the body, yet, according to National Institutes of Health (NIH), [ESCs] are typically four or five days old and are a hollow microscopic ball of cells called the blastocyst. (oxodocs.com)
  • There are certain Protestant denominations that do not disagree with the acceptability of human cloning. (wikipedia.org)
  • FAS was initially purified and cloned from SKW6.4 cells and a cDNA library of human T cell lymphoma KT-3 cells. (biolegend.com)
  • While an international framework to regulate cloning remains stalled in the United Nations, some Asian countries are offering more stable climates for researchers to pursue their work. (publicintegrity.org)
  • Such "guidelines" will ensure that stem cell researchers are not treated poorly as was Hwang when he was eventually found guilty of falsifying his data. (lifeissues.net)
  • Researchers value the cells for their ability to replicate quickly and turn into any kind of human tissue. (christianitytoday.com)
  • However, the effects of β1 are highly dependent on the experimental system in which they are studied, and different effects on the kinetics and voltage dependence of gating of brain sodium channels are observed on expression in Xenopus oocytes, Chinese hamster lung and ovary cells, and human embryonic kidney cells (Isom et al. (jneurosci.org)
  • Using the SURVEYOR nuclease assay 13 , we assessed the ability of each Cas9-sgRNA complex to generate indels in human embryonic kidney (HEK) 293FT cells through the induction of DNA doublestranded breaks (DSBs) and subsequent nonhomologous end joining (NHEJ) DNA damage repair (Online Methods). (cdc.gov)
  • Unrepaired DNA lesions can lead to cell death, gene mutation and cancer. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Thus, the appropriate expression level of the EZH2 gene is important for embryonic development. (hindawi.com)
  • However, the transcript and expression status of the EZH2 gene during porcine embryonic development remains unknown. (hindawi.com)
  • In people with PNH, variants of the PIGA gene occur during a person's lifetime and are present only in certain cells. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Similarly, GATA-1 has been shown to induce lineage switching expression values even if, for simplicity, we assume only ``on'' of committed cells in hematopoiesis, first in cell lines (Kulessa and ``off'' states for each gene. (lu.se)
  • The blastocyst can then be transferred to a recipient (h) and cloned animals are born after completion of gestation (i). (biomedcentral.com)
  • A blastocyst (cloned or not), because it lacks any trace of a nervous system, has no capacity for suffering or conscious experience in any form - the special properties that, in our view, spell the difference between biological tissue and a human life worthy of respect and rights. (wikiquote.org)
  • However, the inability to manufacture large quantities of functional cells from a single donor as well as donor-dependent variability in quality limits their clinical utility. (nature.com)
  • The biological properties and clinical potential of stem cells elicit that are generated must not be unduly sensitive to small fluctu- continued scientific, commercial, and public interest. (lu.se)
  • A matured oocyte (c) is then enucleated (d) and a donor cell is transferred into the enucleated oocyte (e). (biomedcentral.com)
  • 7. "[footnote 16]: The cloning procedure supplies the oocyte with a complete set of chromosomes, all of which are contained in the nucleus which is transferred into the denucleated oocyte. (lifeissues.net)
  • Subsequently, we detected the expression of EZH2 on mRNA level and protein level in two different embryonic development stages (65-dpc and 90-dpc) via qRT-PCR and western blots. (hindawi.com)
  • CD133+), but are rarely codetected with the neural stem dents, very few human-specific NSC markers have been cell (NSC) marker CD15. (lu.se)
  • β1 also recruits ankyrin to the plasma membrane at sites of cell-cell contact in response to homophilic cell adhesion (Malhotra et al. (jneurosci.org)
  • The C121Wβ1 mutation also disrupted homophilic β1-β1 cell adhesion. (jneurosci.org)
  • Cloning of JAM-2 and JAM-3: an emerging junctional adhesion molecular family? (taconic.com)
  • 1999). Majority of the organs for transplantation are donated from patients in whom brain-stem death has been diagnosed and who are then ventilated to maintain adequate oxygenation and circulation-the so called non-heart-beating donors (NHBDs) (D Allessandro et al . (scialert.net)
  • Hwang garnered international fame as his team succeeded in the world-first clonings of a calf in 1999, a pig in 2000 and finally a dog in 2005. (mycinderellamoment.com)
  • The proteins produced from both genes are involved in a multistep process that connects particular proteins to the surface of cells. (medlineplus.gov)
  • explosion further, consider that a fictitious small genome with 2002) More recently and more dramatically, the potential for 260 genes would host the same number of combinations as cell state conversions is exemplified by the reprogramming of the number of atoms in the visible universe! (lu.se)
  • If there are intact cells in this tissue they have been 'stored' frozen. (wikiquote.org)
  • Clone HI98 has been described to specifically react with 3-fucosyl-N-acetyllactosamine (3-FAL), also called X-hapten, SSEA-1, CD15, or Lewis X. Additional reported applications (for the relevant formats) include: immunohistochemical staining of acetone-fixed frozen sections 5 and formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissue sections. (biolegend.com)
  • To date, a lot of EZH2 variants have been found in various cell and tissue types [ 18 - 20 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • As part of its charge, the committee was asked to prepare a subreport evaluating methods for detecting potential unintended compositional changes across the spectrum of messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA), proteins, metabolites and nutrients that may occur in food derived from cloned animals that have not been genetically modified via genetic engineering methods. (nationalacademies.org)
  • Since Dolly the sheep was successfully cloned on 5 July 1996, and the possibility of cloning humans became a reality, Christian leaders have been pressed to take an ethical stance on its morality. (wikipedia.org)
  • Mary Seller, for example, a member of the Church of England's Board of Social Responsibility and a professor of developmental genetics, states, "Cloning, like all science, must be used responsibly. (wikipedia.org)
  • These developmental defects have been attributed to incomplete reprogramming of the somatic nuclei by the cloning process. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Cloning humans is not desirable. (wikipedia.org)
  • See "Review of Critical Article: Cobbe, 'Why the apparent haste to clone humans? (lifeissues.net)
  • The Rad1 protein, evolutionarily conserved from yeast to humans, exists in cells as monomer as well as a component in the 9-1-1 protein complex. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The Act also prohibits certain activities such as cloning humans or creating chimeras. (gc.ca)
  • 2002). In humans, SSEA4 is expressed by building the nervous system but also for their prospec- nonneural cells such as the erythrocytes (Kannagi et al. (lu.se)
  • The source behind the "PD Notebook" report was a former member of Hwang's team, Ryu Young-joon, who blew the whistle on his former boss about ethical issues and questioned how it "wasn't logical" that Hwang had managed to roll out 11 embryonic stem cells in such a short time. (mycinderellamoment.com)
  • However, somatic cloning has been inefficient in all species in which live clones have been produced. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Mechanistically, in vitro data support these findings, as co-culture of hESC-MSCs with lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated BWF1 lymphocytes decreased lymphocyte secretion of TNFα and IL-6 and enhanced the percentage of putative regulatory T cells. (nature.com)
  • Cells are collected from donor (a) and cultured in vitro (b). (biomedcentral.com)
  • Sodium channel β1 subunits modulate α subunit gating and cell surface expression and participate in cell adhesive interactions in vitro . (jneurosci.org)
  • β1 subunits affect sodium channel gating and cell surface expression when expressed in heterologous cells in vitro . (jneurosci.org)
  • Homozygous deletion of Mrad1 leads to embryonic lethality, but heterozygous animals have no overt defects compared to Mrad1 +/+ mice. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Singapore's much-heralded big push into biomedical sciences started for real in 2000, with S$3 billion allocated over five years in addition to the cost of Biopolis. (newscientist.com)
  • Considerable time and effort has been spent in developing targeted therapies to fight SLE, yet only one therapy, belimumab (Benlysta), a monoclonal antibody targeting B cell-activating factor, or BAFF, has been approved for the treatment of SLE in the last half-century 16 . (nature.com)
  • Lanza's dream of turning human embryonic stem cells into therapies for the sick and the suffering is taking a huge step closer to reality. (robertlanza.com)
  • There are over 3,000 Americans who die every day from diseases that could be treated with embryonic stem-cell therapies. (robertlanza.com)
  • Friend the Member for Congleton (Mrs. Winterton) merely reinforces what I was saying, because my right hon. and learned Friend the Member for Rushcliffe (Mr. Clarke) made the positive decision not to include cloning in the 1990 Act, because it was judged that no one--not scientists, Parliament or the country--was yet ready. (parliament.uk)
  • The guide is based on the schools' responses to 10 questions which, the Register explains, are designed such that "a 'YES' answer reflects essential elements of the renewal of Catholic identity called for by Pope St. John Paul II's 1990 apostolic constitution on higher education, Ex Corde Ecclesiae (Out of the Heart of the Church), its 2000 "Application to the United States," canon law and other relevant Church documents. (thomasaquinas.edu)
  • The Government has now used a legal loophole to allow cloning, relying on the 'defective' legal definition in that the technique (as in 'Dolly') used an unfertilised ovum. (cmq.org.uk)
  • These results suggest that effects of β1 on sodium channel gating are dependent on the genetic background and signal transduction pathways present in the cell type used in heterologous expression and emphasize the importance of analyzing the effects of β1 in vivo . (jneurosci.org)
  • The interaction of FAS/FASL in immature dendritic cells (DCs) induces functional maturation. (biolegend.com)
  • In terminally differentiated cell fate is coupled to appropriate regulation of the alternative cells, transcriptional networks must be stable and irreversible, pathways. (lu.se)
  • It has also been shown to be expressed on Langerhans cells and some malignant cells. (biolegend.com)
  • The saga that eventually brought Hwang back down to earth began in November 2005, when MBC TV's investigative journalism program "PD Notebook" raised issue with the source of egg cells used in his study. (mycinderellamoment.com)
  • Some Christian traditions, such as the United Church of Christ, believe that cloning can be conducted ethically for this purpose, in order to help treat disease and improve the public health, as they do not see the fertilized ovum as constituting a person. (wikipedia.org)
  • Matings between heterozygous Mrad1 mutant mice produced Mrad1 +/+ and Mrad1 +/- but no Mrad1 -/- progeny, suggesting the Mrad1 null is embryonic lethal. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Keratinocytes isolated from Mrad1 +/- mice had significantly more spontaneous DNA double strand breaks, proliferated slower and had slightly enhanced spontaneous apoptosis than Mrad1 +/+ control cells. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Knockdown of Rad9 in prostate tumor cells correlates with reduction of tumorigenicity in nude mice [ 16 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The stage-specific embryonic antigen 4 (SSEA4) is com- isolate the NSCs from neonatal mice and rats (Campos monly used as a cell surface marker to identify the pluri- et al. (lu.se)
  • Immunohisto- have been used for positive selection of NSCs from em- chemistry on human embryonic central nervous system bryonic mice (Nagato et al. (lu.se)
  • Many of these pastors acknowledged the reason for this violation being rooted in the religiously motivated view that human cloning is an example of scientists 'playing God. (wikipedia.org)
  • Some scientists do argue that the plurality of views comes from the differing understandings of what exactly human cloning is. (wikipedia.org)
  • scientists hope that one day, they could use stem cells as a promising avenue to cure the dying patients. (oxodocs.com)
  • A community of young scientists joined in, pointing out suspicious errors in Hwang's paper, including that photos of the same cells had been portrayed as being of different ones. (mycinderellamoment.com)
  • As well as offices, labs and bars, there are lecture theatres, a multimedia auditorium, a food court selling everything from noodles to German beer, and the Bistro Fabulous, where scientists can sit at tables in the sunshine and talk apoptosis or stem cells over scrambled eggs on toast. (newscientist.com)
  • Advanced Cell was bombarded with scathing emails accusing its scientists of having perverted sex in the labs and ripping limbs off babies, with some so threatening that a Massachusetts judge issued a subpoena to trace the senders. (robertlanza.com)
  • This requirement strongly limits the number of solutions or entiation and lineage-specification, programmed cell death, and ``states'' for the system. (lu.se)
  • The effects of heterozygous deletion of Mrad1 on proliferation and apoptosis of keratinocytes is different from those resulted from Mrad9 heterozygous deletion (from our previous study), suggesting that Mrad1 also functions independent of Mrad9 besides its role in the Mrad9-Mrad1-Mhus1 complex in mouse cells. (biomedcentral.com)