Embryonic muscle development. Medical search. Frequent questions

Genes & Development , 22 (5), 668 - 681. (monash.edu)
Furthermore, Eggan noted that genetic analyses of the fused cells revealed that the somatic cell genes characteristic of adult cells had all been switched off, while those characteristic of embryonic cells had been switched on. (news-medical.net)
With the exception of a few genes one way or the other -- which is perhaps because these cells are now tetraploid -- the hybrid cells are indistinguishable from human embryonic stem cells," he said. (news-medical.net)
We found 20 genes that distinguished motor neurons that innervate digit muscles from the others, and there's a strange gene code involved in the cells' development. (scientificamerican.com)
The same genes- RALDH2 and the Hox genes-control motor neuron development, and one intriguing theoretical postulate is that RALDH2 may also be involved in limb development. (scientificamerican.com)
I describe the temporal and spatial expression patterns of these genes through embryonic development. (rice.edu)
Conclusions: Our results suggest that rab11 genes play important but distinct roles in the development of the nervous system in zebrafish. (researchsquare.com)
In particular, FUNGENES identified genes controlling the development of pluripotent embryonic stem (ES) cells into heart cells (cardiomyocytes), nerve cells (neurons), smooth muscle cells, vascular endothelial cells, fat cells (adipocytes), liver cells (hepatocytes) and insulin-producing cells of the pancreas. (europa.eu)
During myogenesis, the muscle transcription factor Myogenin plays a pivotal role in orchestrating the expression of other muscle-specific genes. (kcl.ac.uk)
Here, we show that the muscle-specific determination genes myf5. (uni-luebeck.de)
Scientists were initially interested in somatic-cell nuclear transfer as a means of determining whether genes remain functional even after most of them have been switched off as the cells in a developing organism assume their specialized functions as blood cells, muscle cells, and so forth. (who.int)
The fact that the DNA of a fully differentiated (adult) cell could be stimulated to revert to a condition comparable to that of a newly fertilized egg and to repeat the process of embryonic development demonstrates that all the genes in differentiated cells retain their functional capacity, although only a few are active. (who.int)
Focusing on muscle progenitor cells, which contribute to muscle formation before birth, and muscle stem cells, which contribute to muscle formation after birth and to regeneration from injury throughout life, the group mapped out how the cells' gene networks - which genes are active and inactive - change as the cells mature. (scienceblog.com)
Go into the nucleus, and then there's a reprogramming process where the male and female nuclei have their genes set aside to be turned on and off for early development. (pearson.com)
The T-box gene family is a group of related genes that play a critical role in human embryonic development. (medscape.com)
The generation of new models will be based on candidate genes identified in WP1 and/or WP2The consortium also aims to use knowledge from genetic and biomarker discovery programmes (in particular, novel pathway information) to support development of novel animal models, and includes European players with a strong track record in this area. (lu.se)
The techniques will include generation of models featuring tissue-specific disruption of selected genes using Cre-loxP systems (in adipocytes, muscle, endothelium, pericytes and myocardium as required). (lu.se)
SUMMIT will also generate animals in which alteration of gene function can be induced in later life: this will involve both conventional methods (using tetracycline and tamoxifen) as well as a novel lentiviral transgenesis technology which allows in vivo siRNA-knockdown of genes that would be embryonic lethal using conventional technologies. (lu.se)
Next, the importance of embryonic developmental genes such as homeobox and T-box transcription factors are highlighted in conduction system development and function. (medscape.com)

Eggan, Melton and their colleagues decided to pursue their alternative route after other researchers had shown that genetic reprogramming can occur when mouse somatic cells are fused to mouse embryonic stem cells. (news-medical.net)
It thoroughly investigated the unique ability of mouse embryonic stem cells to develop into cells of any organ ("pluripotency"), created new tools for functional genomic studies and thus provided key knowledge to understanding the commitment of cells to differentiate into cells of a particular germ layer. (europa.eu)

Our data demonstrate that myostatin acts in vivo to regulate the balance between proliferation and differentiation of embryonic muscle progenitors by promoting their terminal differentiation through the activation of p21 and MyoD. (monash.edu)
We propose a novel model for myostatin mode of action in vivo, in which myostatin affects the balance between proliferation and differentiation of embryonic muscle progenitors by enhancing their differentiation. (monash.edu)
During preimplantation stages, differentiation occurs between precursors of embryonic and extraembryonic structures. (medscape.com)
Significantly, this is the first report of directed differentiation of pluripotent stem cells, without transgenes, into progenitors with muscle/heart dual potential. (ncbs.res.in)
Members of this family have numerous roles, including regulation of cell adhesion, cell differentiation, directed cell motility, intracellular signaling and stabilization of f-actin at the sarcomeric Z-line in muscle. (rice.edu)
END-2 cells essentially prevent skeletal muscle differentiation, whereas basic fibroblast growth factor, transforming growth factor-β, and WEHI-3 cells have no or an attenuating effect, respectively. (uni-luebeck.de)
Since one of the mechanisms of muscle wasting in cachexia is defective muscle regeneration due to impaired myogenic differentiation, we examined the effect of IL11 on the differentiation of C2C12 mouse myoblasts. (bvsalud.org)
Culture techniques: Applicability for studies on prenatal differentiation and toxicity: 5th symposium on prenatal development, May, 1981, Berlin. (cdc.gov)
Evidence the fate of stem cells has broad ramifications for biomedical suggests that during development or differentiation, cells make science from elucidating the causes of cancer to the use of very precise transitions between apparently stable ``network stem cells in regenerative medicine. (lu.se)

The ectoderm is well around the stomodeum by the fourth week of embryonic development and contributes to the formation of the face and the nasal and oral cavities. (medscape.com)
To create this resource, the group gathered highly specific data about two different groups of skeletal muscle cells: those from the human body, ranging from the fifth week of embryonic development to middle age, and those derived from human pluripotent stem cells the researchers generated in the lab. (scienceblog.com)

It remains unclear exactly how DHODH gene mutations lead to abnormal development of the pharyngeal arches in people with Miller syndrome. (medlineplus.gov)
Digit-innervating motor neurons also lack the RALDH2 gene, which encodes an enzyme that synthesizes a key developmental biochemical called retinoic acid, and is critical to the development of all other types of motor neurons. (scientificamerican.com)
Thus, the appropriate expression level of the EZH2 gene is important for embryonic development. (hindawi.com)
However, the transcript and expression status of the EZH2 gene during porcine embryonic development remains unknown. (hindawi.com)
Alternative splicing of gene can generate multiple transcripts and proteins to regulate tissue and organ development [ 17 ]. (hindawi.com)
We then analyzed the temporal and spatial expression of rab11a gene in embryonic development by RT-PCR and whole mount in situ hybridization. (researchsquare.com)
The use of a muscle creatine kinase germline knockout of the gene encoding Ire1/Ern1 shifts the focus from traditional studies of tissue repair toward the regenerating myofibers. (elifesciences.org)
Its major objective was to produce a gene expression atlas covering the development of ES cells into all three germ layers (ecto-, meso-, and endoderm) and into somatic cells. (europa.eu)
We explore gene factors and how they affect the development of the heart and blood vessels. (ncl.ac.uk)
We research gene expression control during development and misregulated in diseases. (ncl.ac.uk)
Such DNA constructs, when electroporated in fertilised eggs, produce transiently transgenic embryos and allow rapid gene functional and gene regulatory analyses , in precisely identifyable tissue precursors, from earliest embryonic stages in vivo . (uibk.ac.at)
This map identifies the precise gene networks present in muscle progenitor and stem cells across development, which is essential to developing methods to generate these cells in a dish to treat muscle disorders. (scienceblog.com)
They next developed computational methods to focus on muscle progenitor and stem cells and mapped out their gene networks associated with every developmental stage. (scienceblog.com)

Subsequently, we detected the expression of EZH2 on mRNA level and protein level in two different embryonic development stages (65-dpc and 90-dpc) via qRT-PCR and western blots. (hindawi.com)

Divergent early mesoderm specification underlies distinct head and trunk muscle programmes in vertebrates. (ncbs.res.in)
Duplication of actn3 in the zebrafish indicates that variation in actn3 expression may promote physiological diversity in muscle function among vertebrates. (rice.edu)
Larval equivalent stages of ascidians and vertebrates have resembling structures such as a central notochord (embryonic structure forming the vertebral colomn in vertebrates), a dorsal neural tube and flanking muscles. (uibk.ac.at)
In mammals and many higher vertebrates, each muscle fiber typically has a single synaptic site innervated by a single motor axon branch. (intechopen.com)

In the early embryonic development, abnormal expression of EZH2 impaired embryo growth and pluripotency maintenance [ 7 , 8 ]. (hindawi.com)
Typically, during the development of a human embryo, germ cells migrate to the gonads. (livescience.com)
Androgens regulate the development of the embryo, determining whether it is a male or a female (male in the presence of androgens and female in the absence of androgens). (encyclopedia.com)
Our study provides new insight into the rab11 expression and promotes the use of this model organism to tackle future studies on the role of rab11 in embryo development. (researchsquare.com)
The motor pool labelled from injection into the anteriorly duplicated EMU muscle is consistently similar to that supplying the posterior EMU muscle on the unoperated side of the embryo. (biologists.com)
in humans it's a segmented mass of cell layers in the early embryo that leads to the formation of muscles, vertebrae, limbs, ribs and the tailbone. (phys.org)
Using mice as a model for human biology, Lee and colleagues showed that each long, thin muscle cell in the developing embryo prepares for the arrival of its motor neurons by creating sites for many potential synapses along its length. (sciencedaily.com)
The mouse blastocyst-derived embryonic stem cell (ES cell) line BLC6 efficiently differentiates into myosin heavy chain-, desmin- and myogenin- positive skeletal muscle cells when cultivated in embryo-like aggregates (embryoid bodies). (uni-luebeck.de)

At the early stages of embryonic development, the vertebrate face has a common plan. (medscape.com)
Expression of myofibrillar proteins at the early stages of heart development. (upstate.edu)
These results validated a different transcript in pigs and characterized its expression profile in fetal tissues of different gestation stages, which indicated that EZH2 played important roles during porcine embryonic development. (hindawi.com)
PhysOrg.com) -- Scientists at Indiana University's Biocomplexity Institute have developed a computational model for the intricate cellular dance that occurs during the earliest stages of animal development when embryonic segments called somites form. (phys.org)
8 Jun, 2007 04:13 pm Stem cells provide the starting material for the development and repair of every organ and tissue in the body and they are present in all stages of life. (scitizen.com)

Previous studies have suggested that myostatin imposes quiescence on muscle progenitors. (monash.edu)
Our data suggest that myostatin s effect on muscle progenitors is more complex than previously realized and is likely to be context-dependent. (monash.edu)
Remarkably, the progenitors derived from embryonic stem cells by dual inhibition efficiently differentiate into cardiac and skeletal muscle cells. (ncbs.res.in)
Gros J, Manceau M, Thomé V, Marcelle C. A common somitic origin for embryonic muscle progenitors and satellite cells. (scielo.br)
The generation of the embryonic CNS is a lineage-based process in which neural progenitors, called neuroblasts (NBs), give rise to largely invariant lineages of neural/glial cells. (biologists.com)

The small and large intestine contain related mesenchymal subsets that derive from embryonic Gli1 + precursors. (lu.se)
We perform in vivo transplantation and lineage-tracing experiments to demonstrate that adult intestinal fibroblast subsets, smooth muscle cells and pericytes derive from Gli1-expressing precursors present in embryonic day 12.5 intestine. (lu.se)

Researchers have developed a new technique for creating human embryonic stem cells by fusing adult somatic cells with embryonic stem cells. (news-medical.net)
The fusion causes the adult cells to undergo genetic reprogramming, which results in cells that have the developmental characteristics of human embryonic stem cells. (news-medical.net)
It is more likely that the new technique will see immediate use in helping to accelerate understanding of how embryonic cells "reprogram" somatic cells to an embryonic state. (news-medical.net)
In theory, researchers can induce embryonic stem cells to mature into a variety of specialized cells. (news-medical.net)
Stem cells also provide a model system in which researchers can study the causes of genetic disease and the basis of embryonic development. (news-medical.net)
The scientists knew that if their studies were successful, it would provide the research community with a new option for producing reprogrammed cells using embryonic stem cells, which are more plentiful and easier to obtain than unfertilized human eggs. (news-medical.net)
In the studies published in Science, the researchers combined human fibroblast cells with human embryonic stem cells in the presence of a detergent-like substance that caused the two cell types to fuse. (news-medical.net)
Their analyses showed that the hybrid cells were "tetraploid" - meaning they contained the combined chromosomes of both the somatic cells and the embryonic stem cells. (news-medical.net)
One of the key findings from the study was that the fusion cells have the characteristics of human embryonic stem cells. (news-medical.net)
Our assays showed that the hybrid cells, unlike adult cells, showed the development potential of embryonic stem cells," said Eggan. (news-medical.net)
We found they could be induced to mature into nerve cells, hair follicles, muscle cells and gut endoderm cells. (news-medical.net)
The researchers also performed fusion experiments using pelvic bone cells as the somatic cells and a different human embryonic cell line, to demonstrate that their technique was not restricted to one adult cell type or embryonic cell line. (news-medical.net)
REHOVOT, ISRAEL-April 11, 2007-Muscle fibers are large cells that contain many nuclei. (weizmann-usa.org)
They begin, like all animal cells, as naive embryonic cells. (weizmann-usa.org)
These cells differentiate, producing intermediate cells called myoblasts that are now destined to become muscle. (weizmann-usa.org)
We have previously demonstrated that a layer of skeletal muscle cells in the EOMs demonstrate a longitudinal variation in their myosin heavy chain (MyHC) isoforms. (upenn.edu)
To determine their possible roles in tissues and satellite cells in vitro, their expression pattern was examined in tissues from 40-day-old chickens and in satellite cells from the breast muscles of 1-week-old and 2-week-old chickens using RT-PCR and immunocytochemistry analyses. (scielo.br)
Upon increasing culture times in chicken´s primary skeletal muscle satellite cells, SULF1 and SULF2 expression in 1-week-old chickens was significantly higher than in 2-week-old chickens, suggesting that sulfatases play a key role in satellite cell development. (scielo.br)
Bober E, Franz T, Arnold HH, Gruss P, Tremblay P. Pax-3 is required for the development of limb muscles:a possible role for the migration of dermomyotomal muscle progenitor cells. (scielo.br)
When skeletal muscle is injured due to physical or chemical insult, a pool of self-renewing muscle stem cells residing within the skeletal muscles, called satellite cells, can give rise to differentiated myofibers to repair injured muscle ( Charge & Rudinicki, 2004 Chargé SBP, Rudnicki MA. (scielo.br)
Satellite cells are essential for skeletal muscle regeneration:the cell on the edge returns centre stage. (scielo.br)
MicroRNA-133 controls brown adipose determination in skeletal muscle satellite cells by targeting Prdm16. (scielo.br)
Satellite cells, the engines of muscle repair. (scielo.br)
Isolation and culture of individual myofibers and their satellite cells from adult skeletal muscle. (scielo.br)
Günther S, Kim J, Kostin S, Lepper C, Fan CM, Braun T. Myf5-positive satellite cells contribute to Pax7-dependent long-term maintenance of adult muscle stem cells. (scielo.br)
Inducible depletion of satellite cells in adult, sedentary mice impairs muscle regenerative capacity without affecting sarcopenia. (scielo.br)
Myofiber-specific ablation of IRE1α or XBP1 in mice diminishes skeletal muscle regeneration that is accompanied with reduced number of satellite cells. (elifesciences.org)
Finally, targeted ablation of IRE1α also reduces Notch signaling, abundance of satellite cells, and skeletal muscle regeneration in the mdx mice, a model of Duchenne muscular dystrophy. (elifesciences.org)
Collectively, our experiments suggest that the IRE1α-mediated signaling promotes muscle regeneration through augmenting the proliferation of satellite cells in a cell non-autonomous manner. (elifesciences.org)
The findings shed new light on mechanisms of regeneration of healthy myofibers after severe tissue injury and suggest interplay between these fibers and muscle satellite cells though mechanisms remain to be elucidated. (elifesciences.org)
Skeletal muscle, the most abundant tissue of the body, has remarkable regenerative capacity mainly due to its resident muscle stem cells, also known as satellite cells. (elifesciences.org)
Furthermore, we show that Notch signalling positively regulates glial cells missing ( gcm ) expression in the context of SPG development. (biologists.com)
Laboratory work has centered on the mechanisms of how cells acquire specific fates during growth and development, providing insights into normal and abnormal mechanisms of growth control. (stanford.edu)
The thymus plays a central role in the development of the body's immune system as it is the main site in which T cells are generated. (eurostemcell.org)
and from 2002 on pluripotency in embryonic stem cells in the lab of Ali H. Brivanlou. (eurostemcell.org)
He has been leader of a research group at the Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine in Berlin until 2011 focusing his research on signal transduction mechanisms in human and murine embryonic stem cells. (eurostemcell.org)
18 Sep, 2007 12:13 pm Rice University researchers have engineered musculoskeletal cartilages with human embryonic stem cells, with the hope of eventually using the neotissue. (scitizen.com)
These cells have been described as embryonic stem cells (ESCs) and. (scitizen.com)
6 Jun, 2007 07:00 pm Researchers have reprogrammed skin cells into embryonic stem cells. (scitizen.com)
This complex process occurs in several steps and controls the development of pluripotent cells into highly specialised cells of an organism. (europa.eu)
To grow large and strong, each fibre is formed by the fusion of several muscle precursor cells in a process called myogenesis. (kcl.ac.uk)
We research human embryonic stem (ES) cells, germline stem cells and somatic stem cells. (ncl.ac.uk)
Salk researchers have discovered that the same chemicals (called neurotransmitters) that are responsible for nerve signals are also involved in the wiring of synapses, the network's crucial contact points between nerves, or between nerves and muscle cells. (sciencedaily.com)
As they grow towards the muscle cells, the nerve cells release a powerful chemical messenger from their growing ends. (sciencedaily.com)
In mature animals, acetylcholine is a key neurotransmitter responsible for transmitting signals between nerve cells and muscle. (sciencedaily.com)
The result is an interesting mechanism whereby two opposing forces work together to create the crucial synaptic connections between motor neurons and muscle cells," said co-author Prafulla Aryal. (sciencedaily.com)
The myocytes also express functional nicotinic cholinoceptors and exhibit T-type Ca 2+ currents and later L-type Ca 2+ currents, demonstrating physiological properties of skeletal muscle cells. (uni-luebeck.de)
Our results suggest that ES cells recapitulate closely the early steps of muscle development in vivo and may serve as an excellent in vitro system to study this process. (uni-luebeck.de)
Trajectory analysis of single cell RNA-seq datasets of E12.5 and adult mesenchymal cells suggest that adult smooth muscle cells and fibroblasts derive from distinct embryonic intermediates and that adult fibroblast subsets develop in a linear trajectory from CD81 + fibroblasts. (lu.se)
An interdisciplinary team of researchers at the Eli and Edythe Broad Center for Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research at UCLA has developed a first-of-its-kind roadmap of how human skeletal muscle develops, including the formation of muscle stem cells. (scienceblog.com)
The roadmap is critical for researchers who aim to develop muscle stem cells in the lab that can be used in regenerative cell therapies for devastating muscle diseases, including muscular dystrophies, and sarcopenia, the age-related loss of muscle mass and strength. (scienceblog.com)
Muscle loss due to aging or disease is often the result of dysfunctional muscle stem cells," said April Pyle, senior author of the paper and a member of the Broad Stem Cell Research Center. (scienceblog.com)
Researchers in Pyle's lab and others around the world already have the capacity to generate skeletal muscle cells from human pluripotent stem cells - cells that have the ability to self-renew and to develop into any cell type in the body. (scienceblog.com)
However, until now, they had no way of determining where these cells fall on the continuum of human development. (scienceblog.com)
We knew that the muscle cells we were making in the lab were not as functional as the fully matured muscle stem cells found in humans," said Haibin Xi, first author of the new paper and an assistant project scientist in Pyle's lab. (scienceblog.com)
So we set out to generate this map as a reference that our lab and others can use to compare the genetic signatures of the cells we are creating to those of real human skeletal muscle tissue. (scienceblog.com)
For the pluripotent stem cell-derived muscle cells, the group evaluated cells created using their own unique method and the methods of several other groups. (scienceblog.com)
This enabled the group to match the genetic signatures found in the pluripotent stem cell-derived muscle cells with their corresponding locations on the map of human muscle development. (scienceblog.com)
The group found that pluripotent stem cell-derived muscle cells produced by all the methods they tried resembled muscle progenitor cells at an early developmental state and did not align to adult muscle stem cells. (scienceblog.com)
In addition to pinning down the true maturity of the lab-produced cells, this analysis also provided details about the other cell types present in skeletal muscle tissue across development and in populations derived from human pluripotent stem cells. (scienceblog.com)
These cells could play an essential role in muscle cell maturation and could be critical to improving methods to generate and support muscle stem cells in a dish. (scienceblog.com)
We found that some methods to generate muscle cells in a dish also produce unique cell types that likely support the muscle cells," said Pyle, who is also a member of the UCLA Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center. (scienceblog.com)
Could they be the key to producing and supporting mature and functional muscle stem cells in a dish? (scienceblog.com)
As development proceeds, there's more growth and movement of cells. (pearson.com)
Thailand diac muscle cells (D) (magnification ×100). (cdc.gov)
Muscle satellite cells (MuSCs), myogenic stem cells in skeletal muscles, play an essential role in muscle regeneration. (bvsalud.org)
The myogenic cells of the muscles constitute a separate cell lineage. (medscape.com)
2008). Historically, this concept is highlighted by the experi- factors are key intrinsic regulators of these fate decisions and mental phenomenon of lineage reprogramming, for example, that fate choice involves modulating networks of transcription by the conversion of fibroblasts to muscles cells following trans- factors. (lu.se)
The tips of the Purkinje fibers are electrically coupled to muscle cells and the working myocytes are longitudinally connected via gap junctions, thereby initiating a coordinated, efficient contraction of the ventricles. (medscape.com)
A potentially pre-clinical aspect of this thesis is detailed in paper №4 where I describe a robust protocol for the generation of functional mesDA neurons from human embryonic stem cells that are functional in a rat model of PD. (lu.se)

The findings could provide new evidences for better understanding the functions of rab11 in the development of zebrafish embryos. (researchsquare.com)
Among various Rab proteins, Rab11 is known to localize to recycling endosome and regulate vesicular recycling and primary ciliogenesis, playing a key role in Kupffer vesicle development in zebrafish [5-7]. (researchsquare.com)
Activation of α2A-containing nicotinic acetylcholine receptors mediates nicotine-induced motor output in embryonic zebrafish. (oregonstate.edu)
Here, we demonstrate that the developing skeleton instructs the directional outgrowth of skeletal muscle and other soft tissues during limb and facial morphogenesis in zebrafish and mouse. (bvsalud.org)

When nonhuman mammalian development is compared with human development, the study subjects must be compared at the same developmental stage (fetal, perinatal, postnatal) When collected appropriately, data from experimental studies of nonhuman mammalian embryos elucidate important aspects of human facial development. (medscape.com)
Whereas the developmental route of trunk muscles from mesoderm is well studied, that of head muscles is ill defined. (ncbs.res.in)
The slow-conducting SA and AV nodes take developmental origin from the slow-conducting embryonic inflow tract and atrioventricular canal region. (medscape.com)

What I find most interesting is the idea that the embryonic tissue that goes on to form limb and the motor neurons is regulated by coordinated molecular mechanisms-under the guidance of a genetic program that has been conserved over the course of evolution. (scientificamerican.com)
Whales today don't have digit muscles, but some fishes gradually acquired embryonic digit-forming tissue in their fin muscles. (scientificamerican.com)
Teratomas can even contain lung or muscle tissue, or tissue of the gastrointestinal tract, said Dr. Adrienne Bonham, an associate professor of obstetrics and gynecology at the University of Rochester Medical Center. (livescience.com)
The group obtained 21 samples of human skeletal muscle tissue from their UCLA collaborators and from colleagues at the University of Southern California and the University of Tübingen in Germany. (scienceblog.com)
Normally, HGF stimulates proliferation, motility and morphogenesis in a wide spectrum of cell types, contributing to embryonic development and to tissue repair in adulthood. (cancer.gov)

Rather than connecting electrodes to neurons or muscles, Edgerton attaches his neural bridge to electrodes on the outside membrane of the severed spinal cord. (technologyreview.com)
A newborn baby moves, breathes and cries in part because a network of nerves called motor neurons carry signals from the infant's brain and spinal cord to muscles throughout its body. (sciencedaily.com)
The study, published in the May issue of the journal Neuron, showed that as the motor neurons grow from their home base in the spinal cord towards muscles throughout the body, they release two opposing chemical signals. (sciencedaily.com)
Parkinson's Disease is a neurodegenerative disorder where the dopamine producing neurons in the ventral mesencephalon (VM) progressively die and result in symptoms such as resting tremors, muscle rigidity, slowness and difficulties in initiating movements. (lu.se)

Since segmentation occurs very early in development, when a mother often doesn't yet know she's pregnant and should avoid medications and alcohol, segmentation failure resulting from genetic conditions or from exposure to toxins or medicines during early pregnancy can have devastating results. (phys.org)
To unravel fundamental genetic mechanisms that control cell fate choice in vivo , we study embryonic development in a simple marine invertebrate, the ascidian Ciona intestinalis , belonging to the vertebrate sister group, the tunicates. (uibk.ac.at)
However, due to the significant progress in the improvement and application of electrophysiological, genetic, pharmacological, biochemical and immunohistochemical methods a number of previously unknown aspects of neuron and muscle interaction were revealed. (intechopen.com)
Cleft lip and palate deformity can be distinguished from an isolated cleft palate (CP) on the basis of epidemiologic, embryonic, and genetic factors. (medscape.com)
The development of caged MOs (cMOs) has significantly extended the versatility of these reverse-genetic tools. (cdc.gov)

Drosophila HB9 differs from its vertebrate orthologs in several ways: it is not expressed in all somatic motoneurons, it is expressed in a subset of interneurons, and it is required for the proper development of both interneurons and motoneurons. (jneurosci.org)
By developing a unified, multi-scale model of somitogenesis -- a process that establishes the earliest evident segmentation in vertebrate embryos -- both a case study for other scientists creating similar predictive, informative multi-scale models of development and important insights into the vertebrate body plan and its evolution have been achieved, according to Biocomplexity Institute Director James Glazier. (phys.org)
So, according to numerous studies, not only ACh (which by the way does not always lead to a contraction of the muscle fiber) is released in the vertebrate neuromuscular synapse, but also a number of other synaptically active molecules. (intechopen.com)

loss of lam-2 function via large-scale RNAi screens results in embryonic, larval, and adult lethality, sterility, body morphology defects, and abnormal locomotion. (thebiogrid.org)

In the final stage of muscle fiber development, the cell membranes of attached myoblasts open up and fuse together, forming one large, unified cell. (weizmann-usa.org)
Time-lapse live imaging reveals that during early craniofacial development, myoblasts condense into round clusters corresponding to future muscle groups. (bvsalud.org)

The role dihydroorotate dehydrogenase plays in limb development is not known. (medlineplus.gov)
The formation of skeletal muscle:from somite to limb. (scielo.br)
When the territory is unfamiliar, e.g. dorsal nerves invading ventral limb, the axons innervate muscles by passive deployment ( Summerbell & Stirling, 1981 ). (biologists.com)
Disturbed fetal limb muscle development has also been reported and may underlie the bony malformations. (medscape.com)

RNA interference knockdown of HB9 levels leads to defects in motoneuron ventral muscle target recognition, ectopic expression of a marker for dorsally projecting motoneurons (Even-skipped), and defects in serotonergic interneuronal projections. (jneurosci.org)
Experiments in our laboratory have demonstrated expression of a naturally occurring chimeric isoform of tropomyosin that has both smooth and striated muscle exons. (upstate.edu)
2008) Tropomyosin expression and dynamics in developing avian embryonic muscles. (upstate.edu)
2006). Differential expression of tropomyosin during segmental heart development in Mexican axolotl. (upstate.edu)
2005). Anti-sense mediated inhibition of expression of the novel striated tropomyosin isoform TPM1κ disrupts myofibril organization in embryonic axolotl hearts. (upstate.edu)
In particular the muscle actinins display preferential expression in different domains of axial, pharyngeal and cranial musculature. (rice.edu)

An Indiana woman's brain tumor turned out to contain hair, bone and teeth, and has been dubbed her "embryonic twin" - but experts say that such tumors are not actually twins, nor are they embryos. (livescience.com)
Although these tumors can originate during embryonic development, they aren't embryos, and they are not a person's "twin. (livescience.com)

Myostatin, a TGF-beta family member, is an important regulator of adult muscle size. (monash.edu)
In a paper published in Nature Communications, the authors found that Myogenin is a master regulator of muscle cell fusion, therefore controlling the formation of functional muscle fibres and sustaining normal muscle growth during both embryonic and adult muscle development. (kcl.ac.uk)

Whole mounts of rat EOMs stained with antibody specific to the embryonic MyHC isoform (green) or with antibody specific to the extraocular muscle MyHC isoform (EO-MyHC) at specific days postpartum. (upenn.edu)

The long term goal for this experiment was to do cell fusion in a way that would allow the elimination of the embryonic stem cell nucleus to create an embryonic stem cell from the somatic cell," said Melton. (news-medical.net)

Miller syndrome disrupts the development of structures called the first and second pharyngeal arches. (medlineplus.gov)

And how do they generate long-distance fibers that stretch out to the digit muscles as opposed to short ones that are going to innervate, say, a shoulder muscle? (scientificamerican.com)

Understanding the development of the structures of the face also requires knowledge of the pharyngeal or branchial arches. (medscape.com)
The pharyngeal arches are five paired structures that form on each side of the head and neck during embryonic development. (medlineplus.gov)
These structures develop into the bones, skin, nerves, and muscles of the head and neck. (medlineplus.gov)
2007). A reduction of tropomyosin limits development of sarcomeric structures in cardiac mutant hearts of the Mexican axolotl. (upstate.edu)

Mouse Development 2002;253-278. (scielo.br)

The result-an even, rhythmic gait controlled by the researchers-is something that stimulation of individual muscles can't yet replicate. (technologyreview.com)
Researchers from the Randall Centre for Cell & Molecular Biophysics believe they have reached a new milestone in the understanding of muscle formation that could help define new cellular and molecular approaches in pathological conditions affecting muscle wellness. (kcl.ac.uk)

Craniofacial development is an extraordinarily complex process that requires the orchestrated integration of multiple specialized tissues, such as the surface ectoderm, neural crest, mesoderm, and pharyngeal endoderm, in order to generate the central and peripheral nervous systems, axial skeleton, musculature, and connective tissues of the head and face. (medscape.com)

Cellular and molecular mechanisms regulating skeletal muscle development. (scielo.br)
However, the mechanisms of muscle regeneration are not yet fully understood. (elifesciences.org)
However, the mechanisms that drive myocyte orientation and fusion to control muscle directionality in adults remain enigmatic. (bvsalud.org)

Rab11 proteins, members of the Rab GTPase family, are known to regulate vesicular recycling during embryonic development. (researchsquare.com)

myogenin, myoD, and myf6 are expressed in these embryoid bodies in a characteristic temporal pattern which precisely reflects the sequence observed during mouse development in vivo. (uni-luebeck.de)

Miller syndrome is a rare condition that mainly affects the development of the face and limbs. (medlineplus.gov)
EMG electrodes are already being used to help amputees control prosthetic limbs: activating a particular muscle, in combination with an EMG wire, can signal a prosthetic arm to move up and down or a prosthetic hand to open and close. (technologyreview.com)
This paper describes the innervation of muscles in limbs whose pattern has been altered in a specific fashion. (biologists.com)
Many pathologic processes that cause immobilization of a fetus' limbs during or shortly after the embryonic formation of joints may result in AMC. (msdmanuals.com)

EZH2, a methyltransferase catalyzing H3K27me3, has been abundantly studied in human and mouse embryonic development. (hindawi.com)
3. developed new embryonic stem cell-based approaches to screening of small candidate molecules for therapeutic applications in human diseases. (europa.eu)
We conduct studies of early human brain development. (ncl.ac.uk)

Neuromuscular junction (NMJ) is the functional contact (synapse) between an axon of motor neuron and muscle fiber. (intechopen.com)
It is generally accepted to consider this contact only as a specialized morpho-functional structure, where chemical transmission (via release of the acetylcholine (ACh)) of electrical signal from motor neuron to muscle fiber occurs, ultimately causing the muscle to contract. (intechopen.com)
Overall, this work outlines a biomechanical guidance mechanism that is potentially useful for engineering functional skeletal muscle. (bvsalud.org)

But new developments in both stem-cell therapy and electronic stimulation have begun to provide hope, however distant, that paralysis may not be a life sentence. (technologyreview.com)
Complicated muscle stimulation devices can enable limited standing and walking, and the first embryonic stem-cell trials began last year. (technologyreview.com)
These data show that the p38 MAPK pathway is essential for maintaining normal yolk cell equilibrium during early development and that without proper cues from the YSL, the blastoderm cannot complete its morphogenetic movements. (rice.edu)
Cell lineage analysis techniques have been used to analyse most of the embryonic NB lineages at the histological level. (biologists.com)
These signals act to preserve synapses that link a motor neuron to its correct muscle cell. (sciencedaily.com)
Called acetylcholine, this neurotransmitter 'edits out' the potential synapse sites on the muscle cell not destined to connect to a nerve. (sciencedaily.com)
Where the end of the nerve touches the muscle cell, agrin is concentrated enough to overcome the 'editing' effect of the acetylcholine. (sciencedaily.com)
Our results provide insights into intestinal stromal cell diversity, location, function, and ontogeny, with implications for intestinal development and homeostasis. (lu.se)
The study , published May 11 in the peer-reviewed journal Cell Stem Cell, identified various cell types present in skeletal muscle tissues, from early embryonic development all the way to adulthood. (scienceblog.com)
We discuss these properties with examples both from the hematopoietic and embryonic stem cell (ESC) systems. (lu.se)
I also describe the development of a novel behavioural task that is predictive of mesDA neuron cell loss in mice. (lu.se)

In pigs, several studies have focused on its function in early embryonic development regulation and in SCNT efficiency improvement [ 8 , 14 - 16 ]. (hindawi.com)

Scientists have found a way to possibly avoid using embryonic stem. (scitizen.com)
Thanks to new research by scientists at the Salk Institute for Biological Studies, we are closer to understanding how these complicated network connections are wired up during embryonic development. (sciencedaily.com)
scientists with a deep insight into genetics, biomarker discovery, development of novel imaging assays for assessing progression of complications, novel animal models for chronic diabetic complications, in silico models to predict development of complications and response to novel treatments. (lu.se)

Cellular and molecular regulation of muscle regeneration. (scielo.br)

AMC occurs when embryofetal neuromuscular function and development are impaired. (msdmanuals.com)

In those cases where the axons are well filled,their trajectories from the injection site are observed to change position within the radial nerve to specifically innervate the duplicated muscle. (biologists.com)
Defective development of the embryonic radial ray (eg, aplasia, hypoplasia, fusion, other anomalous development) results in a wide spectrum of phenotypes, including triphalangeal or absent thumbs, foreshortened arms, and phocomelia. (medscape.com)

Head and trunk muscles have discrete embryological origins and are governed by distinct regulatory programmes. (ncbs.res.in)

It is well established that cholinergic signaling has critical roles during central nervous system development. (oregonstate.edu)
We look at the function of novel muscle proteins and their roles in pathogenesis. (ncl.ac.uk)

Therefore, our findings provide compelling evidence that dual inhibition specifies head mesoderm and unravel the mechanism that diversifies head and trunk muscle programmes during early mesoderm fate commitment. (ncbs.res.in)
Their findings also revealed that another molecule, named Hedgehog, promotes the formation of multinucleated muscle fibres via a second, Myogenin-independent, pathway. (kcl.ac.uk)
The authors hope these findings will allow them to make progress in understanding how the correct number of muscle fibres with the right sizes are formed in the body. (kcl.ac.uk)

Skeletal muscle regeneration is regulated by coordinated activation of multiple signaling pathways. (elifesciences.org)
However, the role of individual arms of the UPR in skeletal muscle regeneration remain less understood. (elifesciences.org)

If sex chromosomes are involved, there is a change in the development of sexual characteristics. (encyclopedia.com)

The YSL undergoes dramatic reorganization during early development through processes that mirror the morphogenetic movements of the blastoderm. (rice.edu)

This reduction in motor activity was not accompanied by defects in neuronal and muscle elements associated with the motor output. (oregonstate.edu)

Anatomy65

Organisms27

Diseases16

Chemicals and Drugs60

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment24

Phenomena and Processes68

Disciplines and Occupations1

Anthropology, Education, Sociology and Social Phenomena3

Information Science3

Health Care1

Genes19

Mouse embryonic stem2

Differentiation9

Week of embryonic development2

Gene13

Different embryonic1

Vertebrates4

Embryo8

Stages5

Progenitors5

Precursors2

Cells70

Zebrafish4

Developmental3

Tissue5

Neurons4

Genetic5

Vertebrate3

Abnormal1

Myoblasts2

Limb4

Expression6

Embryos2

Adult muscle2

Isoform1

Somatic cell1

Disrupts1

Fibers1

Structures4

20021

Researchers2

Neural1

Mechanisms3

Regulate1

Vivo1

Limbs4

Human3

Functional3

Cell11

SCNT1

Scientists3

Regulation of muscle1

Occurs1

Radial2

Origins1

Roles2

Findings3

Skeletal muscle regeneration2

Chromosomes1

Early1

Defects1