Embryonic induced stem cells. Medical search. Frequent questions

2010. Parp1 activation in mouse embryonic fibroblasts promotes Pol ß-dependent cellular hypersensitivity to alkylation damage. (setonhill.edu)
Eggan, Melton and their colleagues decided to pursue their alternative route after other researchers had shown that genetic reprogramming can occur when mouse somatic cells are fused to mouse embryonic stem cells. (news-medical.net)
In the current study, we compared the effects of hydroquinone (HQ), a major metabolite of benzene in humans and animals, on mouse embryonic yolk sac hematopoietic stem cells (YS-HSCs) and adult bone marrow hematopoietic stem cells (BM-HSCs). (cdc.gov)
The study established an experimental system for comparison of the hematopoietic toxicity and leukemogenicity of benzene and metabolites during mouse embryonic development and adulthood. (cdc.gov)

We provide detailed protocols for lentiviral transduction, neural differentiation, and subsequent analysis of human embryonic stem cells. (lu.se)

Ventral embryonic tissues and Hedgehog proteins induce early AGM hematopoietic stem cell development. (ox.ac.uk)
The aorta-gonad-mesonephros (AGM) region is of particular interest, as it autonomously generates the first adult type hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs). (ox.ac.uk)
For example, hematopoietic stem cells are a type of adult stem cell found in bone marrow. (healthline.com)
Doctors have been performing stem cell transplants, also known as bone marrow transplants, for decades using hematopoietic stem cells in order to treat certain types of cancer. (healthline.com)
For example, because hematopoietic stem cells can reconstitute the entire blood system, bone marrow transplantation has long been used in the clinic to treat various diseases. (articlecity.com)
Comparison of toxicity of benzene metabolite hydroquinone in hematopoietic stem cells derived from murine embryonic yolk sac and adult bone marrow. (cdc.gov)
It is believed that benzene and its metabolites target hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) to cause toxicity and cancer in the hematopoietic system. (cdc.gov)

ESCs are immortal, but develop into normal tissues, including germ cells, after injection into an early embryo. (jax.org)
The researchers were able to identify the minimal conditions and factors that would be sufficient for starting the cascade of molecular and cellular processes to instruct pluripotent cells to organize the embryo. (wikipedia.org)
They showed that opposing gradients of bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) and Nodal, two transforming growth factor family members that act as morphogens, are sufficient to induce molecular and cellular mechanisms required to organize, in vivo or in vitro, uncommitted cells of the zebrafish blastula animal pole into a well-developed embryo. (wikipedia.org)
After many more cell divisions, the embryo turns into a blastocyst that is implanted in the womb where it differentiates and grows into a fetus. (sciencedaily.com)
According to Kime, "perhaps our most important finding was that natural molecules found in the early mouse embryo can reprogram cultured cells to become surprisingly similar in function to early embryos. (sciencedaily.com)
Embryonic stem cells supply new cells for an embryo as it grows and develops into a baby. (yourgenome.org)
And, since these cell types are derived from three different parts of the embryo, this really demonstrated the ability of these cells to give rise to a variety of different cell types. (news-medical.net)
During the process of harvesting embryotic stem cells, the embryo is destroyed. (healthline.com)
Embryonic stem (ES) cells are derived from the embryo and are pluripotent, thus possessing the capability of developing into any organ, cell type or tissue type. (justia.com)
2. Nuclear transfer is a technique used to duplicate genetic material by creating an embryo through the transfer and fusion of a diploid cell in an enucleated female oocyte.2 Cloning has a broader meaning than nuclear transfer as it also involves gene replication and natural or induced embryo splitting (see Annex 1). (who.int)
The embryonic pole, which becomes the embryo, implants first. (msdmanuals.com)

We studied human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) and human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) measuring the SNPs and CNVs with Affymetrix SNP 6 microarrays and expression values with Affymetrix Exon microarrays. (biomedcentral.com)
hESCs can be generated by SCNT using dermal fibroblasts nuclei from both a middle-aged 35-year-old male and an elderly, 75-year-old male, suggesting that age-associated changes are not necessarily an impediment to SCNT-based nuclear reprogramming of human cells. (wikipedia.org)
Toward this goal, we propose to compare the behavior of nerve cell differentiation in multiple lines of hESCs in one laboratory setting. (ca.gov)
Human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) and human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) are promising candidate cell sources for regenerative medicine. (jci.org)
However, despite the common ability of hiPSCs and hESCs to differentiate into all 3 germ layers, their functional equivalence at the single cell level remains to be demonstrated. (jci.org)
Here, we used single cell analysis to resolve the gene expression profiles of 362 hiPSCs and hESCs for an array of 42 genes that characterize the pluripotent and differentiated states. (jci.org)
Our results suggest that caution should be exercised before assuming that hiPSCs occupy a pluripotent state equivalent to that of hESCs, particularly when producing differentiated cells for regenerative medicine aims. (jci.org)
Excessive telomere elongation compromises telomere stability and promotes the formation of partially single-stranded telomeric DNA circles (C-circles) in hESCs, suggesting heightened sensitivity of stem cells to replication stress at overly long telomeres. (sens.org)
Pluripotent stem cells are those capable of differentiating into any type of tissue, hence the attractiveness of embryonic stem cells, or hESCs, also called ES cells, which are also pluripotent. (sciencedaily.com)
Given this, human pluripotent stem cells, such as human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) and induced pluripo- tent stem cells (hiPSCs), have become a unique cell source for study- ing early human brain development. (lu.se)

Stem cells differentiate into the specialized cells that they replace, including muscle cells, red blood cells, and neurons. (khanacademy.org)
Zhang's group, led by researcher Baoyang Hu, found that the induced cells differentiate into progenitor neural cells and further into the different kinds of functional neurons that make up the brain. (scienceblog.com)
In co-culture with human cortical neurons and after transplantation (AT) into human brain tissue resected from patients with drug-resistant epilepsy, light-activated channelrhodopsin-2 (ChR2) expressing hdINs induced postsynaptic currents in human neurons, strongly suggesting functional efferent synapse formation. (lu.se)
However, current protocols for deriving neurons from human pluripotent stem cells give rise to heterogeneous cell populations both in regard to the temporal aspects and the cellular composition. (lu.se)
We provide detailed protocols for the generation of lentiviral vectors, the transduction of hES-cells, and their differentia- tion into neurons. (lu.se)
The idea to use transplants of dopa- ment of protocols that allow generation of fully functional mine-producing cells to substitute for the lost midbrain and safe midbrain dopamine neurons from stem cells. (lu.se)
VM), showed that the recovery of motor functions induced implanted either (1) as a solid piece in the lateral ven- by the grafted fetal dopamine neurons was well cor- tricle6 or a cortical cavity8 adjacent to the denervated related with the extent of graft-derived reinnervation caudate-putamen, or (2) as a crude cell suspension of the host caudate-putamen. (lu.se)

They form characteristic cell clusters in suspension culture that express a set of genes associated with pluripotency and can differentiate into endodermal, ectodermal and mesodermal cells both in vitro and in vivo. (wikipedia.org)
As Kime explains, "over seven years ago, our reprogramming experiments suggested that we had found a way to increase cell potency beyond pluripotency, which was unlikely and had not been seen before. (sciencedaily.com)
Using our integrative proteomics approach and the web-based tool, we uncover a molecular basis for the uncoupling of robust transcription from parsimonious translation in stem cells and propose a method for maintaining pluripotency in vitro. (nature.com)
To get a new insight into pluripotency, we employed a plurifaceted experimental design combining expression proteomics with the proteome-wide integral solubility alteration (PISA) assay 7 to compare pluripotent cells with their isogenic progenies and parental cells as well as with allogeneic cells. (nature.com)
Automatically expanded hiPSCs exhibit normal growth characteristics, and show sustained expression of the pluripotency associated stem cell marker TRA-1-60 over at least 5 weeks (10 passages). (frontiersin.org)
It is possible for them to differentiate into cells of all three germ layers, a condition referred to as "pluripotency. (khanacademy.org)
Yamanaka began by isolating 10 candidate factors that could potentially induce pluripotency in somatic cells. (khanacademy.org)
Remodeling transforms the condensed chromatin to a relaxed form, inducing the gene expression necessary for pluripotency. (jove.com)
Background: Recent studies have associated the transcription factors, Oct4, Sox2 and Nanog as parts of a self-regulating network which is responsible for maintaining embryonic stem cell properties: self renewal and pluripotency. (lu.se)

They are classified as either totipotent (iTC), pluripotent (iPSC) or progenitor (multipotent - iMSC, also called an induced multipotent progenitor cell - iMPC) or unipotent - (iUSC) according to their developmental potential and degree of dedifferentiation. (wikipedia.org)
Moreover, iPSC lines bearing different mtDNA mutational loads maintained a consistent human embryonic stem cell-like reprogramming of energy metabolism. (mdc-berlin.de)
Surfactant is produced by alveolar type II cells which can be differentiated in vitro from patient specific induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)-derived lung organoids. (nature.com)
Induced pluripotent stem cells represent one of the most promising research advances within the past decade, making this a valuable report for both executives and investors to use to optimally position themselves to sell iPSC products. (prnewswire.com)
An induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC), is an adult stem cell which has been altered in a lab to behave more like embryonic stem cells. (centenary.org.au)

An idea just in the planning stage is to select embryonal stem cells (ESCs) in vitro for phenotypes that may retard aging. (jax.org)
Gene therapy has been utilized successfully to repair or inactivate mutations in animal models of monogenic human diseases 19 as well as human in vitro cells 12 . (nature.com)
We detect alterations of protein properties in numerous cellular pathways and components including ribosome biogenesis and demonstrate that modulation of ribosome maturation through SBDS protein can be helpful for manipulating cell stemness in vitro. (nature.com)
With the recent advances in human-cell cultivation techniques, allowing in vivo -like in vitro long-term functionality, there is a shift in focus towards the mechanistic details of the adverse effects "over time" aimed at a better understanding of the dynamics of biological processes. (brill.com)
In vitro methods, based on human primary cells, cell lines, and genetically modified reporter cell lines, have greatly expanded the scope of in vitro toxicology. (brill.com)
The induction of a specific differentiated cell type can be useful for transplantation or drug screening and drug discovery in vitro. (justia.com)
Understanding how stem cells behave in the niche is extremely important in order to extract these cells from their natural habitat, expand them in vitro and transplant the stem cells back to the patient, to repair and/or regenerate tissues and organs, with no risks to the individual's integrity. (bvsalud.org)

When they examined small clusters of cells a few days before they matured into the blastocyst-like structures, they found that the cells contained gene expression for totipotency that are found in two-cell embryos. (sciencedaily.com)
Cells within the precursors resembled embryos at an earlier stage before compaction, which was good evidence that the precursor clusters might include totipotent cells. (sciencedaily.com)
The implanted structures often grew and produced many types of cells that resembled those naturally found in early developing embryos. (sciencedaily.com)
Embryonic stem cells come from human embryos that are three to five days old. (healthline.com)
Scientists in the burgeoning field of regenerative medicine are pinning their hopes on induced stem cells because they offer advantages over embryonic stem cells, not the least of which is the fact that they do not need to be derived from early-stage human embryos. (scienceblog.com)
Stem cells exist both in embryos and adult cells. (articlecity.com)
Embryonic stem cells, which must be extracted from embryos three to five days old (known as blastocysts, which contain only about 150 cells at this point of development). (articlecity.com)

Since positional information plays an important role in the embryonic development of several tissue systems, we tested whether AGM HSC induction is influenced by the surrounding dorsal and ventral tissues. (ox.ac.uk)
Our explant culture results at early and late embryonic day 10 show that ventral tissues induce and increase AGM HSC activity, whereas dorsal tissues decrease it. (ox.ac.uk)
Chimeric explant cultures with genetically distinguishable AGM and ventral tissues show that the increase in HSC activity is not from ventral tissue-derived HSCs, precursors or primordial germ cells (as was previously suggested). (ox.ac.uk)
In the future they may be used to replace cells and tissues that have been damaged or lost due to disease. (yourgenome.org)
find ways of using stem cells to replace cells or tissues that have been damaged or lost. (yourgenome.org)
If we understand stem cell development, we may be able to replicate this process to create new cells, tissues and organs . (yourgenome.org)
Cells, tissues and organs can sometimes be permanently damaged or lost by disease, injury and genetic conditions . (yourgenome.org)
The possibilities arising from these characteristics have resulted in great commercial interest, with potential applications ranging from the use of stem cells in reversal and treatment of disease, to targeted cell therapy, tissue regeneration, pharmacological testing on cell-specific tissues, and more. (prnewswire.com)
They create cells that range from muscle cells to brain cells and they can, in some cases, fix damaged tissues. (centenary.org.au)
Stem cells can develop into any type of cell in the body, making them valuable for repairing damaged tissues and organs. (centenary.org.au)
The adult cells are found in small numbers in most tissues, such as bone marrow or fat. (centenary.org.au)
These stem cells come from developed organs and tissues in the body. (healthline.com)
Systems toxicology, therefore, aims at understanding and exploring the way that different biological components are orchestrated as an ensemble in cells, tissues, and organisms. (brill.com)
Similarly, the transplantation of other tissue-specific stem cells, such as stem cells isolated from epithelial and neural tissues, can treat mouse disease models and human patients in which epithelial and neural cells are damaged. (articlecity.com)
Likewise, the knowledge of stem cell biology is crucial to the development of stem cell therapies, based on tissue engineering applied to dentistry, seeking the regeneration of dental tissues damaged or lost by caries, trauma or genetic diseases. (bvsalud.org)
Therapies based on the application of stem cells have great potential in the prevention and treatment of several diseases, such as cancer, diabetes, cardiovascular disease, spinal cord injuries, neurological diseases such as Parkinson's and Alzheimer's, and in the regeneration of various tissues and organs. (bvsalud.org)

We investigated the effect of 5-azacytidine (5-aza) on P19 cells to differentiate into a high-efficacy cardiomyocytes. (korea.ac.kr)
This study has demonstrated that 5-aza induces differentiation of P19 cells into cardiomyocytes in a confluent monolayer culture in the absence of prior embryoid formation and dimethyl sulfoxide exposure, depending in part on alteration of BMP signaling molecules. (korea.ac.kr)
Promotes embryonic stem cell (ESC) differentiation into cardiomyocytes. (fishersci.com)
Rare mutations of ADAM17 from TOFs induce hypertrophy in human embryonic stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes via HB-EGF signaling. (cdc.gov)

After injury, mature terminally differentiated kidney cells dedifferentiate into more primordial versions of themselves and then differentiate into the cell types needing replacement in the damaged tissue Macrophages can self-renew by local proliferation of mature differentiated cells. (wikipedia.org)
In addition, their "unspecialized" nature allows them to differentiate into a wide variety of specialized cell types. (prnewswire.com)
While the appeal of embryonic cells has been their ability to differentiate into any type of cell, there has been significant ethical, moral, and spiritual controversy surrounding their use. (prnewswire.com)
Eventually, the cells begin to differentiate, taking on a certain function in a part of the body. (healthline.com)
Adult stem cells can't differentiate into as many other types of cells as embryonic stem cells can. (healthline.com)
They can differentiate into all types of specialized cells in the body. (healthline.com)
The breakthrough has created a way to "de-differentiate" the stem cells. (healthline.com)
However, a new study published this week (Feb. 15) in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences comparing the ability of induced cells and embryonic cells to morph into the cells of the brain has found that induced cells - even those free of the genetic factors used to program their all-purpose qualities - differentiate less efficiently and faithfully than their embryonic counterparts. (scienceblog.com)
Embryonic stem cells are considered the "gold standard" for all pluripotent stem cells, which are cells that can differentiate into all of the 220 cell types in the human body. (scienceblog.com)
Intriguingly, the new study suggests the presence or absence of the genes used to reprogram skin cells to become the blank slate pluripotent cells makes no difference in terms of their capacity to differentiate. (scienceblog.com)
They are able to differentiate into any cell of an organism and have the ability of self-renewal. (articlecity.com)
Generally, when a stem cell culture is induced to differentiate, the differentiated population is analysed for particular cell types by expression of genes, markers or phenotypic analysis. (justia.com)
In particular, the induction of stem cells to differentiate into muscle cells (myocytes) is useful for muscle transplantation and therapeutic purposes, as well as providing potential human disease models in culture (e.g. for testing pharmaceuticals). (justia.com)
Dental pulp stem cells have been isolated from deciduous and permanent teeth and have the potential to self-renew and differentiate. (bvsalud.org)

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For several years, scientists have been able to convert somatic cells--like skin cells--into pluripotent cells. (sciencedaily.com)
Induced pluripotent stem cells, or 'iPS cells', are stem cells that scientists make in the laboratory. (yourgenome.org)
Scientists are using induced pluripotent stem cells to produce new RPE cells in the lab that can then be put into a patient's eye to replace the damaged cells. (yourgenome.org)
Traditionally, scientists have worked with both embryonic and adult stem cells for research tools, as well as for cellular therapy. (prnewswire.com)
Scientists experimentally induce chromatin remodeling to enhance the conversion of cells into pluripotent stem cells. (jove.com)
therefore, scientists can add histone-modifying enzymes, histone variants, and chromatin remodeling complexes to somatic cells to aid reprogramming into pluripotent stem (iPS) cells. (jove.com)
SCNT involves transferring the nuclei of adult cells, called somatic cells, into oocytes in which scientists have removed the nuclei. (news-medical.net)
The scientists knew that if their studies were successful, it would provide the research community with a new option for producing reprogrammed cells using embryonic stem cells, which are more plentiful and easier to obtain than unfertilized human eggs. (news-medical.net)
Since stem cells have the ability to turn into various other types of cells, scientists believe that they can be useful for treating and understanding diseases. (healthline.com)
Scientists have recently discovered how to turn adult stem cells into pluripotent stem cells. (healthline.com)
To create iPSCs, scientists genetically reprogram the adult stem cells so they behave like embryonic stem cells. (healthline.com)
Scientists are hoping that the cells can be made from someone's own skin to treat a disease. (healthline.com)

Cell proliferation involves the replication of all cellular contents with the required energy for this to happen. (hindawi.com)
To prevent aberrant cell proliferation, these pathways are tightly regulated. (hindawi.com)
This activation is necessary for both cell proliferation as well as glucose uptake and use. (hindawi.com)
Estrogens are female sex hormones that have genotoxic and proliferation-enhancing effects in cells. (helsinki.fi)

Summary of Research Progress: Our research aims to identify the optimal culture conditions and the best hESC lines for the derivation of nerve lineage cells in therapeutic cell transplantation. (ca.gov)
Finally, cell transplantation in a mouse stroke model will be used to study the mechanisms and efficacy of different types of hESC-derived neural cells in neural repair. (ca.gov)
We generated light-sensitive human embryonic stem cell (hESC)-derived GABAergic interneurons (hdIN) and tested their functionality. (lu.se)

Likewise, these cells give rise to progenitor cells committed to a particular cell lineage, and play a crucial role in tissue repair and homeostasis. (bvsalud.org)

Some types of mature, specialized adult cells can naturally revert to stem cells. (wikipedia.org)
Induced' means that they are made in the lab by taking normal adult cells, like skin or blood cells, and reprogramming them to become stem cells. (yourgenome.org)
The fusion causes the adult cells to undergo genetic reprogramming, which results in cells that have the developmental characteristics of human embryonic stem cells. (news-medical.net)
Our assays showed that the hybrid cells, unlike adult cells, showed the development potential of embryonic stem cells," said Eggan. (news-medical.net)
Furthermore, Eggan noted that genetic analyses of the fused cells revealed that the somatic cell genes characteristic of adult cells had all been switched off, while those characteristic of embryonic cells had been switched on. (news-medical.net)

Induced totipotent cells can be obtained by reprogramming somatic cells with somatic-cell nuclear transfer (SCNT). (wikipedia.org)

Detailed characterization of cell type transitions is essential for cell biology in general and particularly for the development of stem cell-based therapies in regenerative medicine. (nature.com)
Understanding transitions from one cell type or state to another is in the focus of modern molecular biology. (nature.com)
research - to help us understand the basic biology of how living things work and what happens in different types of cell during disease. (yourgenome.org)
2018. Cell Biology Laboratory (Version 2.3). (setonhill.edu)
At the core of the network reside Oct4, Sox2 and Nanog, into embryonic stem cells [1,2,3,4,5], have made major inroads which form a self-organized core of the TFs maintaining into stem cell biology. (lu.se)
In addition to NSF, this research was funded by grants from the National Institutes of Health, and the Stanford Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine. (sciencedaily.com)
Methods of inducing differentiation in stem cells and muscle cells produced therefrom may be used for the study of cellular and molecular biology of tissue development, for the discovery of genes and proteins such as differentiation factors that play a role in tissue development and regeneration. (justia.com)
However, further studies are required to gain complete understanding of stem cell biology, which is fundamental for the development of successful cell-based therapies 1-3 . (bvsalud.org)
Combining cell biology and electrophysiology, his work has the potential to create personalized disease models for future research. (lu.se)

Many existing protocols for neuronal differentiation of human pluripotent cells result in heterogeneous cell populations and unsynchronized differentiation, necessitating the development of methods for labeling specific cell populations. (lu.se)

Several genome-wide studies have reported genomic variants that correlate with gene expression levels in various tissue and cell types. (biomedcentral.com)
In newts, muscle tissue is regenerated from specialized muscle cells that dedifferentiate and forget the type of cell they had been. (wikipedia.org)
CML offers more-than-minimally manipulated cell and tissue procedures performed aseptically in our cleanroom in accordance with GMP / GTP quality compliance requirements . (cincinnatichildrens.org)
White blood cells of the donor's immune system which remain within the donated tissue (the graft) recognize the recipient (the host) as foreign (non-self). (wikipedia.org)
The white blood cells present within the transplanted tissue then attack the recipient's body's cells, which leads to GvHD. (wikipedia.org)
We can grow tissue and organ structures from stem cells, which can then be studied to find out how they function and how they are affected by different drugs . (yourgenome.org)
This means they can potentially produce new cells for any organ or tissue. (healthline.com)
Typically, rapidly proliferating tumor cells have glycolytic rates up to 200 times higher than those of their normal tissue of origin, even in the presence of oxygen [ 3 ]. (hindawi.com)
With this raw material, biomedical firms can create stem cell lines that, among other things, aid recuperation via the regeneration of tissue that has been lost or damaged. (articlecity.com)
Current research is focused on growing a wide range of new tissue from stem cells, including muscle, blood, brain, and cartilage cells. (articlecity.com)
Adult stem cells, which are present in small amounts in adult tissue but less adaptable than embryonic stem cells, making their use in medical treatments more challenging. (articlecity.com)
They have many of the positive characteristics of embryonic stem cells while sourcing material is far less challenging, since postpartum tissue can be used. (articlecity.com)
Niches are special microenvironments in tissue where stem cells are located. (bvsalud.org)

It is more likely that the new technique will see immediate use in helping to accelerate understanding of how embryonic cells "reprogram" somatic cells to an embryonic state. (news-medical.net)
Some of the induced stem cell lines tested in the study were made using techniques that bypassed the use of genes that had been used to reprogram skin cells to become pluripotent stem cells. (scienceblog.com)

Shinya Yamanaka shared in the Nobel Prize award for converting mature epithelial cells harvested from adult mice into stem cells, referred to as induced Stem Cells (iSC's). (khanacademy.org)

Differentiated airway epithelial cells can revert into stable and functional stem cells in vivo. (wikipedia.org)
Alveolar type II (ATII) epithelial cells synthesize, secrete and recycle all components of surfactant and dysfunction in surfactant metabolism can result in a variety of pediatric lung diseases including respiratory distress syndrome and interstitial lung disease 3 . (nature.com)

For example, when the variant H2AZ is incorporated into the nucleosome it increases the accessibility of DNA to specific transcription factors and promotes the conversion of somatic cells to iPS cells. (jove.com)

Induces hyperpolarization to the same magnitude as ACh in aortic value endothelial cells. (fishersci.com)
In particular, the invention relates to methods of inducing differentiation of embryonic stem cells into muscle cells or vascular endothelial cells. (justia.com)
Therefore there remains a need for providing effective methods of inducing differentiation of stem cells into specific cell types, such as myocytes or endothelial cells. (justia.com)

Our results revealed that in the human pluripotent stem cells, the expression values of several genes, transcripts and exons were affected due to the genomic variation. (biomedcentral.com)
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At the same time, new developments allow doctors to work with pluripotent stem cells of different biological origin. (israel-clinics.guru)
Human induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) have been recently found to harbor genomic alterations. (mdc-berlin.de)
Compare and contrast the advantages and disadvantages of adult, embryonic and induced pluripotent stem cells. (nursingtermpaper.com)
They are 3-dimensional, complex, multicellular structures that can be derived from patient specific human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs). (nature.com)
We apply our method to study differences between human pluripotent stem cells and several cell types including their parental cell line and differentiated progeny. (nature.com)
While human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) provide novel prospects for disease-modeling, the high phenotypic variability seen across different lines demands usage of large hiPSC cohorts to decipher the impact of individual genetic variants. (frontiersin.org)
The advent of the human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) technology offers unprecedented opportunities for disease modeling, personalized medicine, and the development of new therapeutic interventions. (frontiersin.org)
Thus, induced pluripotent stem cells represent a promising combination of adult and embryonic stem cell characteristics. (prnewswire.com)
A distinctive feature of this report is an end-user survey of 273 researchers (131 U.S. / 143 International) that identify as having induced pluripotent stem cells as a research focus. (prnewswire.com)
Cell culture medium kit for robust generation of midbrain neural organoids from human pluripotent stem cells. (stemcell.com)
Robustly generate three-dimensional, patterned brain organoid cultures from human pluripotent stem cells without matrix embedding by using STEMdiff™ Midbrain Organoid Differentiation Kit. (stemcell.com)
DNA damage responses in human induced pluripotent stem cells and embryonic stem cells. (setonhill.edu)
Recipient of a supplemental grant to study the pluripotent stem cell response to DNA damage in response to the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act (ARRA) of 2009. (setonhill.edu)
This supplemental grant was under the principal investigator Gerald Schatten, PhD and the parent grant titled, "Pluripotent Stem Cells in Development and Disease" at Magee-Womens Research Institute. (setonhill.edu)
The field of stem cell research has advanced significantly with the use of adult or pluripotent stem cells (PSCs). (centenary.org.au)
In our image, induced pluripotent stem cells can be seen, derived from patients, that replicate unique heart cell behaviours in relation to genetic heart disease. (centenary.org.au)
Embryonic stem cells are known as pluripotent stem cells. (healthline.com)
These new types of cells are called induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs). (healthline.com)
Efficient generation of nonhuman primate induced pluripotent stem cells. (stemcell.com)
Induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells have great potential for regenerative medicine and gene therapy. (stemcell.com)
MADISON - The great promise of induced pluripotent stem cells is that the all-purpose cells seem capable of performing all the same tricks as embryonic stem cells, but without the controversy. (scienceblog.com)
That means that at this point there is still some work to be done to generate ideal induced pluripotent stem cells for application. (scienceblog.com)
It tells us the techniques for generating induced pluripotent stem cells are still not optimal. (scienceblog.com)
He notes the science behind adult stem cells that can be "reprogrammed," called human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs), is still in its infancy, having become widely available in 2007. (sciencedaily.com)
As a result, induced pluripotent stem cells do not offer an easy solution to the difficult ethical questions surrounding embryonic stem cell research," he says. (sciencedaily.com)
The functions of microRNAs and long non-coding RNAs in embryonic and induced pluripotent stem cells. (thejcdp.com)
Induced pluripotent stem cells, which harness the power of genetic reprogramming - basically, the altering of a cell's DNA - to change the course of cellular development. (articlecity.com)
Whilst differentiation of some lineage specific stem cells can be induced with a degree of certainty, a differentiation outcome of a population of pluripotent stem cells is less predictable. (justia.com)
Sozzi E, Nilsson F, Kajtez J, Parmar M, Fiorenzano A. Generation of Human Ventral Midbrain Organoids Derived from Pluripotent Stem Cells . (lu.se)
This strategy provides a useful tool for visualization and identification of neural progeny derived from human pluripotent stem cells. (lu.se)
These strat- egies provide a robust way to visualize and isolate specific cell pop- ulations of differentiated pluripotent stem cells. (lu.se)
Using this type of direct conversion approach rather than making them from induced pluripotent stem cells, where they revert into a naïve state, helps to retain the epigenetic age of the patient in the generated interneurons. (lu.se)

No immunoreactivity is seen with murine EC, EG or ES cells. (sigmaaldrich.com)

Finally, we also made excellent progress on the procedure of cell transplantation. (ca.gov)
We have found a suitable substrate that can be used to enhance neuronal survival after cell transplantation and we expect to publish a research paper in this new method of cell transplantation. (ca.gov)
These treatments use stem cells from umbilical cord blood or bone marrow or haematopoietic stem cell transplantation. (centenary.org.au)

With the introduction of drugs to laboratory rats to support cells of the Central nervous system, there has been an improvement in their motor function and survivability. (israel-clinics.guru)
This makes them beneficial for researchers wanting to learn about various human cells and diseases in the laboratory. (centenary.org.au)
However, that they do not faithfully mirror all the differentiation capabilities of embryonic cells suggests that there are unknown factors at play that may limit their use in terms of modeling disease in the laboratory, one of the most important potential early applications of stem cell technology. (scienceblog.com)
The researchers analyzed more than 2,000 scientific papers and found adult stem cells are not replacing human embryonic stems cells in the laboratory. (sciencedaily.com)

This antibody reacts with TRA-1-60 antigen that is expressed upon the surface of human tetracarcinoma stem cells (EC), human embryonic germ cells (EG) and human embryonic stem cells (ES). (sigmaaldrich.com)

A variety of nontumorigenic stem cells display the ability to generate multiple cell types. (wikipedia.org)
Skin stem cells can be used to generate new skin for people with severe burns. (yourgenome.org)
The contractile ring components generate the force necessary to divide the cell. (jove.com)
This natural ability to generate new cell types is unique to the stem cell. (centenary.org.au)
Using the SURVEYOR nuclease assay 13 , we assessed the ability of each Cas9-sgRNA complex to generate indels in human embryonic kidney (HEK) 293FT cells through the induction of DNA doublestranded breaks (DSBs) and subsequent nonhomologous end joining (NHEJ) DNA damage repair (Online Methods). (cdc.gov)
that is, they have the ability to generate other stem cells and perpetuate themselves. (bvsalud.org)

The P19 embryonal carcinoma cell line is a useful model cells for studies on cardiac differentiation. (korea.ac.kr)
These results suggest that 5-aza treatment could be used as a new method for cardiac differentiation in P19 cells. (korea.ac.kr)

Such an approach is highly relevant to regenerative medicine since it allows for a rapid search over the host of possibilities for reprogramming to a stem cell state. (lu.se)
They may also serve as an unlimited source of therapeutically active cells for regenerative medi- cine. (lu.se)

Stem cells are undifferentiated cells which can give rise to a succession of mature functional cells. (justia.com)

One of the key findings from the study was that the fusion cells have the characteristics of human embryonic stem cells. (news-medical.net)

Our results revealed altogether 217 genes and 584 SNPs whose genomic alterations affect the transcriptome in the same cells. (biomedcentral.com)
They found that many genes related to the outer/inner cell fates of blastocysts were present in the induced structures, but at lower than natural levels, indicating that the new technique does not perfectly reproduce blastocysts. (sciencedaily.com)
With the exception of a few genes one way or the other -- which is perhaps because these cells are now tetraploid -- the hybrid cells are indistinguishable from human embryonic stem cells," he said. (news-medical.net)
The model also predicts that reprogramming the network from a differentiated state, in particular the endoderm state, into a stem cell state, is best achieved by over-expressing Nanog, rather than by suppression of differentiation genes such as Gata-6. (lu.se)
Found within Wharton's jelly - which is easily harvested from what would otherwise be post-natal medical waste - are several distinct stem cell genes. (articlecity.com)
During differentiation the expression of stem cell specific genes and markers are often lost and cells acquire gene expression profiles of somatic cells or their precursors. (justia.com)

GvHD is commonly associated with bone marrow transplants and stem cell transplants . (wikipedia.org)
However, stem cell transplants in patients are often rejected by the immune system or induce cancerous growths. (khanacademy.org)
Such unknowns would also limit their use in clinical settings for such things as cell transplants. (scienceblog.com)

However, nobody has been able to convert differentiated cells into totipotent cells. (sciencedaily.com)

Resistance to apoptosis, increased growth potential, and altered gene expression in cells that survived genotoxic hexavalent chromium [Cr(VI)] exposure. (setonhill.edu)

Vilcheck SK, O'Brien TJ, Pritchard DE, Ha L, Ceryak S, Fornsaglio JL, and Patierno SR. (2002) Fanconi anemia complementation group A cells are hypersensitive to chromium(VI)-induced toxicity. (setonhill.edu)
Despite their unpredictability, Zhang notes that induced stem cells can still be used to make pure populations of specific types of cells, making them useful for some applications such as testing potential new drugs for efficacy and toxicity. (scienceblog.com)

Stem cells also provide a model system in which researchers can study the causes of genetic disease and the basis of embryonic development. (news-medical.net)
The researchers demonstrated that they had achieved fusion of the two cell types by searching the fused cells for two distinctive genetic markers present in the somatic fibroblast and stem cells. (news-medical.net)
These cells have been successfully used to treat children with blood cancers, such as leukemia, and certain genetic blood disorders. (healthline.com)
However, cancer cells overcome these controls, in particular by acquiring genetic mutations leading to the activation of oncogenes (pten, myc) or loss of tumor suppressors (p53) [ 1 ]. (hindawi.com)
In contrast, cancer cells shift their metabolism toward lactate production even in the presence of oxygen [ 4 ], partly through genetic modifications that stabilize the transcription factor Hypoxia Inducible Factor (HIF) involved in the adaptation of the cells to hypoxia, under nonhypoxic conditions as well as generating an adaptive response to the hypoxic microenvironment (Figure 1 ). (hindawi.com)
It was predicted, Zhang explains, that the absence of exotic genetic factors would result in cells essentially identical to embryonic stem cells. (scienceblog.com)

Conditions such as Huntington's disease, Parkinson's disease, and spinal cord injuries are examples of clinical applications in which stem cells could offer benefits in halting or even reversing damage. (prnewswire.com)
Cell Therapy for Parkinson's Disease: What Next? (lu.se)

This approach could become an alternative to somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT), a method that is currently used to produce human stem cells. (news-medical.net)

Here we show the differentiation of patient specific iPSCs derived from a patient with SFTPB deficiency into lung organoids with mesenchymal and epithelial cell populations from both the proximal and distal portions of the human lung. (nature.com)
Although many differentiation protocols in the literature have been successful in mimicking lung development from stem cells, there has not been an examination of how a specific mutation impacts the differentiation process including its effects on the early endoderm, as well as the proximal and distal lung epithelial cell populations in the lung organoids. (nature.com)
Pritchard DE, Ceryak S, Ha L, Fornsaglio JL, Hartman SK, O'Brien TJ, and Patierno SR. (2001) Mechanism of apoptosis and determination of cellular fate in chromium(VI)-exposed populations of telomerase-immortalized human fibroblasts Cell Growth Differ 12: 487-496. (setonhill.edu)
For that reason, many researchers believe stem cells offer promise for creating populations of specialized cells that can be used to rejuvenate organs, such as the pancreas or heart, that are damaged by disease or trauma. (news-medical.net)
Moreover, single cell heterogeneity amongst stem cell populations may underlie important cell fate decisions. (jci.org)
Here we describe how microRNA-regulated lentiviral vectors can be used to visualize specific cell populations by exploiting endogenous microRNA expression patterns. (lu.se)
To track differentiating cell populations, reporter cell lines generated by homologous recombination (knock-in) or via BAC transgenes have been widely used in mouse cells (5-8 ). (lu.se)

In normal cells, glucose participates in cellular energy production through glycolysis as well as through its complete catabolism via the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle and oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS). (hindawi.com)

Dedicate at least 500 words of your answer to describe how ethical considerations can impact upon each of these cell types. (nursingtermpaper.com)
Further, there are ethical issues involved in harvesting human embryonic stem cells. (khanacademy.org)
Adult stem cells don't present any ethical problems. (healthline.com)
This type of stem cell is very versatile and has a wide range of uses, though procuring them entails medical and ethical challenges. (articlecity.com)

Stem cells are defined by their capacity for self-renewal and multilineage differentiation, making them uniquely situated to treat a broad spectrum of human diseases. (articlecity.com)
At these sites, which are a compound of stromal cells, extracellular matrix and soluble factors, complex molecular interactions that maintain the essential properties of stem cells occur, such as self-renewal and differentiation into multiple lineages, according to the organism's needs. (bvsalud.org)

The answers to these questions have implications for risks for sexual transmission and, therefore, embryonic infection, congenital disease, miscarriage, and effects on epidemiologic and transmission models. (cdc.gov)

b Cells were collected and heated in a narrow temperature range, with one sample incubated at 37 °C for expression measurements, protein aggregates were eliminated by ultracentrifugation and the soluble proteins were digested. (nature.com)

One example is the transformation of iris cells to lens cells in the process of maturation and transformation of retinal pigment epithelium cells into the neural retina during regeneration in adult newt eyes. (wikipedia.org)

The finding that induced cells are less predictable means there are more kinks to work out before they can be used reliably in a clinical setting, says Su-Chun Zhang, the senior author of the new study and a professor in the University of Wisconsin-Madison School of Medicine and Public Health. (scienceblog.com)

Stem cells have also been found in amniotic fluid. (healthline.com)
However, more research is needed to help understand the potential uses of amniotic fluid stem cells. (healthline.com)

In 1924 Hans Spemann and Hilde Mangold demonstrated the key importance of cell-cell inductions during animal development. (wikipedia.org)
In addition to these already established stem cell therapies, there is ongoing research and development of new stem cell therapies, which are currently being investigated in clinical trials involving people. (centenary.org.au)
Komor, Badran and Liu, 2017 ) have opened up tremendous opportunities for the development of cell lines, especially those of human origin ( Tobita, Guzman-Lepe and de L'Hortet, 2015 ). (brill.com)
The process of differentiation in stem cells involves selective development of immature cells to committed and fully mature cells of various lineages. (justia.com)
However, the molecular pathways that lead to specification and terminal differentiation of specific cell types, such as myocytes, from embryonic stem cells during development are not entirely clear. (justia.com)

The study shows that the blastocyst-like structures very closely resemble actual blastocysts, and even induce proper changes in the uterus after being implanted in pseudo-pregnant mice. (sciencedaily.com)
Nevertheless, when transplanted to the womb of pseudo-pregnant mice, the blastocyst-like structures often induced changes to the uterus that are necessary for successful blastocyst implantation, including the integration of the maternal blood supply. (sciencedaily.com)
Further, iSC's were transplanted into the respective healthy adult mice from which the cells were harvested. (khanacademy.org)

We will further characterize molecular changes during directed cell differentiation and identify the cells that exhibit a pattern of DNA modification, namely DNA methylation, similar to primary neural cells in human brain. (ca.gov)

For instance, multilineage-differentiating stress-enduring (Muse) cells are stress-tolerant adult human stem cells that can self-renew. (wikipedia.org)
In the past year, we have made progress in guiding several lines of human stem cells into nerve cells. (ca.gov)
We also begin to produce and characterize a new type of human stem cells, namely induced pluripotent cells that are obtained by converting somatic cells into stem cell through reprogramming. (ca.gov)
We also test the pattern of DNA methylation in different lines of human stem cells. (ca.gov)

We screened the titles, abstracts, and full text articles for data that described detection of viruses in semen by nucleic acid amplification or detection, antigen detection, replication in cell culture, or replication in an animal system. (cdc.gov)

In theory, researchers can induce embryonic stem cells to mature into a variety of specialized cells. (news-medical.net)

Cord blood stem cells are harvested from the umbilical cord after childbirth. (healthline.com)
Eventually, the umbilical artery and vein develop, connecting the embryonic vessels with the placenta. (msdmanuals.com)

Cyp4f18 was induced by HQ both in YS-HSCs and BM-HSCs, whereas DNA-PKcs was induced in BM-HSCs only. (cdc.gov)
The results revealed differential effects of benzene metabolites on embryonic and adult HSCs. (cdc.gov)

Lipids, amino acids, and nucleotides necessary for the biosynthesis of the daughter cells are mostly provided by intermediate metabolites of these pathways. (hindawi.com)

culturing a stem cell in the presence of an embryonic cell and/or extracellular medium of an embryonic cell, under conditions that induce differentiation of the stem cell. (justia.com)

Anatomy57

Organisms16

Diseases12

Chemicals and Drugs67

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment53

Phenomena and Processes51

Disciplines and Occupations4

Technology, Industry, Agriculture2

Information Science2

Named Groups1

Health Care1

Mouse embryonic4

Analysis of human embryonic1

Hematopoietic7

Embryo11

HESCs10

Neurons7

Pluripotency9

IPSC5

Vitro7

Embryos7

Tissues16

Cardiomyocytes4

Differentiate14

Scientists14

Proliferation4

HESC3

Progenitor1

Adult cells5

Obtained by reprogramming1

Biology9

Differentiation of human1

Tissue13

Reprogram2

Shinya Yamanaka1

Epithelial cells2

Promotes1

Endothelial cells3

Pluripotent stem36

Murine1

Transplantation3

Laboratory4

Germ cells1

Generate6

Cardiac differentiation2

Regenerative2

Functional1

Characteristics1

Genes6

Transplants3

Totipotent cells1

Gene expression1

Toxicity2

Genetic6

Parkinson's2

Somatic-cell nuc1

Populations7

Cellular1

Ethical4

Self-renewal2

Congenital disease1

Proteins1

Regeneration1

Less predictable1

Amniotic fluid2

Development5

Mice3

Molecular1

Human stem cells4

Replication1

Variety of specialized1

Umbilical2

HSCs2

Metabolites1

Extracellular1