Embryonic endoderm study mammalian embryonic. Medical search. Frequent questions

Our research focuses on understanding how pluripotent mammalian stem cells maintain their undifferentiated state and undergo differentiation in culture - this reflecting my enduring interest in the emergence of diversity during mouse gastrulation. (qscience.com)
In recent studies we have examined the role of transforming growth factor family members in both pluripotency and differentiation. (qscience.com)
In our most recent work we have focused on the role of bone morphogenetic protein (BMP)-4 in the cell fate decision between endoderm and mesoderm, demonstrating the similarity of BMP-induced hESC and EpiSC differentiation to mesoderm induction during mouse gastrulation. (qscience.com)
This work reveals the importance of BRACHYURY and CDX2 genes as key mediators of embryonic and extraembryonic lineage differentiation in hESCs and EpiSCs. (qscience.com)
Here, we employed a human pancreatic differentiation platform complemented with an shRNA screen in human pluripotent stem cells (PSCs) to identify potential drivers of early endoderm and pancreatic development. (mdpi.com)
Our findings may have implications for research on liver differentiation from embryonic stem cells. (xenbase.org)
Embryonic stem cells (ESCs) maintain self-renewal while ensuring an instant response to differentiation signs but the precise mechanism of the process remains unfamiliar. (ecologicalsgardens.com)
The correct regulation of gene activation and repression is crucial both for cell types to become established during embryonic development and for on-going differentiation of stem cells in the adult. (kcl.ac.uk)
We use a combination of approaches to study gene regulation during cell differentiation including experimental embryology, molecular biology, genomics, proteomics and computational biology in a variety of systems including zebrafish and mammalian cells. (kcl.ac.uk)
Now, two groups of researchers, led by scientists at the Weizmann Institute in Israel and Cambridge University, U.K., have taken the in vitro development of whole mouse embryos further, by adding or inducing the differentiation of trophoblast cells and extra-embryonic endoderm stem cells. (bioworld.com)
Role of Otx2 in Embryonic Stem Cells (ESCs): Otx2 is an intrinsic determinant required to maintain the ESC metastable state by antagonizing ground state pluripotency and promoting commitment to differentiation. (cnr.it)
During preimplantation stages, differentiation occurs between precursors of embryonic and extraembryonic structures. (medscape.com)
In this Chapter, we dissect the proof-of-principle studies that demonstrated that cellular reprogramming to pluripotency can be induced in vivo, in spite of unfavorable pro-differentiation signals present within the tissues. (springer.com)
Establishment of germ-line-competent embryonic stem (ES) cells using differentiation inhibiting activity. (springer.com)
PCGF6-PRC1 suppresses premature differentiation of mouse embryonic stem cells by regulating germ cell-related genes. (riken.jp)

The other two types of stem cell in the blastocyst are the extra-embryonic trophoblast stem cells (TSCs), which will form the placenta, and primitive endoderm stem cells that will form the so-called yolk sac, ensuring that the foetus's organs develop properly and providing essential nutrients. (cam.ac.uk)
Embryonic stem cells (ESCs) derived from the epiblast contribute to the somatic lineages and the germline upon reintroduction to the blastocyst but are excluded from the extraembryonic tissues that are derived from the trophectoderm (TE) and the primitive endoderm (PrE). (kumamoto-u.ac.jp)
The trophectoderm is responsible for forming the placenta, the primitive endoderm leads to the yolk sac, and the epiblast gives rise to all remaining embryonic tissues. (nih.gov)

This protein sends short- and long-range signals to embryonic tissues to regulate development. (wikipedia.org)
The exact nature of these interactions, which determine the lineage patterning of the trophectoderm and endoderm tissues occurring in a highly regulated manner at precise periods during the embryonic development, is an area of debate. (lu.se)
The developmental potential within pluripotent cells in the canonical model is restricted to embryonic tissues, whereas totipotent cells can differentiate into both embryonic and extraembryonic tissues. (sciencegate.app)
The TBLCs exhibited totipotency transcriptionally and acquired expanded developmental potential with the ability to yield various embryonic and extraembryonic tissues that may be employed as novel mouse developmental cell models. (sciencegate.app)
Embryo-like models with spatially organized morphogenesis and structure of all defining embryonic and extra-embryonic tissues of the post-implantation human conceptus (that is, the embryonic disc, the bilaminar disc, the yolk sac, the chorionic sac and the surrounding trophoblast layer) remain lacking 1 , 2 . (nature.com)
Much of this process relies on the morphogenesis of the extra-embryonic tissues and the effect this has on the organization of embryonic cells. (nature.com)
Cells specified as mesoderm at early stages will go on to form tissues such as blood, skeletal muscle, cardiac muscle, cartilage and bone, whereas endoderm cells will form liver, lung, pancreas and gut. (kcl.ac.uk)
Craniofacial development is an extraordinarily complex process that requires the orchestrated integration of multiple specialized tissues, such as the surface ectoderm, neural crest, mesoderm, and pharyngeal endoderm, in order to generate the central and peripheral nervous systems, axial skeleton, musculature, and connective tissues of the head and face. (medscape.com)
In this study, we investigated the role of autophagy and apoptosis in Newcastle disease virus (NDV)-infected chicken cells and tissues. (immune-source.com)
While many studies have demonstrated the importance of cTEC and mTEC during T-cell development, thymic stromal microenvironments also contain heterogenous non-epithelial stromal (NES) populations in a similar manner to that seen in peripheral lymphoid tissues. (frontiersin.org)
Nodal signals mediate interactions between the extra-embryonic and embryonic tissues in zebrafish. (uga.edu)

During gastrulation anterior endoderm (AE) provides cardiogenic signals that act on adjacent mesoderm , resulting in induction of cardiac precursors. (xenbase.org)
Mouse naive embryonic stem cells have recently been shown to give rise to embryonic and extra-embryonic stem cells capable of self-assembling into post-gastrulation structured stem-cell-based embryo models with spatially organized morphogenesis (called SEMs) 3 . (nature.com)
Gastrulation is a key event in animal embryogenesis during which germ layer precursors are rearranged and the embryonic axes are established. (nature.com)
Dissection of Otx2 roles during gastrulation: requirement of Otx2 in the visceral endoderm for specification of anterior identity, and in the early neuroectoderm for maintenance of the anterior identity (forebrain and midbrain). (cnr.it)
During gastrulation, three distinct layers of cells are formed in the embryo that will later give rise to all the body's major systems: the ectoderm will make the nervous system, mesoderm the muscles, and endoderm the gut. (scitechdaily.com)

The particular stem cells that will eventually make the future body, the embryonic stem cells (ESCs) cluster together inside the embryo towards one end: this stage of development is known as the blastocyst. (cam.ac.uk)
However, in a study published today in the journal Science , Cambridge researchers describe how, using a combination of genetically-modified mouse ESCs and TSCs, together with a 3D scaffold known as an extracellular matrix, they were able to grow a structure capable of assembling itself and whose development and architecture very closely resembled the natural embryo. (cam.ac.uk)
We display how the knockout of Paf1/PD2 in ESCs loses its self-renewal function and qualified prospects towards the induction of crucial endoderm genes indicating a particular part of Paf1/PD2 in the first commitment for an endodermal lineage. (ecologicalsgardens.com)
By inhibiting signal pathways implicated in the earliest embryo development, we recently established cultures of mouse expanded potential stem cells (EPSCs) from individual 4-cell and 8-cell blastomeres, by direct conversion of mouse embryonic stem cells (ESCs) and induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs). (kumamoto-u.ac.jp)
Bona fide trophoblast stem cell (TSC) lines, extra-embryonic endoderm stem (XEN) cells, and ESCs could be directly derived from EPSCs in vitro . (kumamoto-u.ac.jp)
Pluripotent stem cells (PSCs), including embryonic stem cells (ESCs) and induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs), are potentially unlimited cell sources for cellular therapies due to the unique capacities of PSCs to self-renew indefinitely and differentiate into cells from all three germ lineages (ectoderm, mesoderm, and endoderm) [ 1 ]. (biomedcentral.com)

But without the support of extra-embryonic stem cells that go on to form the placenta and yolk sac, development stalls. (bioworld.com)

These include embryonic disc and bilaminar disc formation, epiblast lumenogenesis, polarized amniogenesis, anterior-posterior symmetry breaking, primordial germ-cell specification, polarized yolk sac with visceral and parietal endoderm formation, extra-embryonic mesoderm expansion that defines a chorionic cavity and a connecting stalk, and a trophoblast-surrounding compartment demonstrating syncytium and lacunae formation. (nature.com)
The MC-813-70 antibody reacts with stage-specific embryonic antigen-4 (SSEA-4), a glycolipid carbohydrate antigen expressed on the surface of human embryonal carcinoma (EC), embryonic germ (EG), undifferentiated embryonic stem (ES) and induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells, a subset of mesenchymal stem cells, and rhesus monkey ES cell lines. (stemcell.com)
Nodal-related proteins are a subclass of the TGF-beta superfamily which are required in all vertebrates to induce the mesoderm and endoderm, pattern all three germ layers, and establish the left-right body axis. (uga.edu)

Mammalian embryogenesis is a dynamic process involving gene expression and mechanical forces between proliferating cells. (lu.se)
To our knowledge, this is the first attempt to combine cell-based spatial mechanical simulations with genetic networks to explain mammalian embryogenesis. (lu.se)
Research over the past decade has shown embryonic stem cells can undergo many disparate aspects of mammalian embryogenesis in vitro. (bioworld.com)
The rabbit develops via a flat blastodisc phase representing the archetypical mode of mammalian embryogenesis. (studylibde.com)

Our main focus is on gene regulation during the formation of mesoderm and endoderm - two basic cell types that form in the early embryo. (kcl.ac.uk)
Time-dependent patterning of the mesoderm and endoderm by Nodal signals in zebrafish. (uga.edu)

We are very optimistic that this will allow us to study key events of this critical stage of human development without actually having to work on embryos. (cam.ac.uk)
These studies led to our discovery of a novel type of pluripotent epiblast stem cell (EpiSC) from the late epiblast layer of mouse and rat embryos. (qscience.com)
Most findings on liver specification were derived from mouse explant studies as well as experiments with Xenopus and zebrafish embryos. (xenbase.org)
Such human fully integrated and complete SEMs recapitulate the organization of nearly all known lineages and compartments of post-implantation human embryos, including the epiblast, the hypoblast, the extra-embryonic mesoderm and the trophoblast layer surrounding the latter compartments. (nature.com)
This study also provided evidence that cilia-driven leftward flow is indispensable for the determination of laterality in rabbit embryos. (studylibde.com)
When nonhuman mammalian development is compared with human development, the study subjects must be compared at the same developmental stage (fetal, perinatal, postnatal) When collected appropriately, data from experimental studies of nonhuman mammalian embryos elucidate important aspects of human facial development. (medscape.com)
Efficient generation of embryonic stem cells from single blastomeres of cryopreserved mouse embryos in the presence of signalling modulators. (axonmedchem.com)
The constitutive dab2 deleted embryos showed a spectrum in the degree of endoderm disorganization in E5.5 and no mutant embryos persisted at E9.5. (biomedcentral.com)
The study of the new dab2 mutant allele in embryos and embryoid bodies confirms a role for Dab2 in extraembryonic endoderm development and epithelial organization. (biomedcentral.com)
Critical and careful examination of the abundant material in the way of human and higher mammal embryos in the past has failed to determine the presence of traces of such structures belonging to the second pouch (p. 360), and I may say at this point that careful examination by myself of the quite complete series of human embryos used in this study but conﬁrms the negative ﬁndings of other workers. (edu.au)
My laboratory studies the molecular and cellular basis of pattern formation in vertebrate embryos. (uga.edu)

This study underscores the subtle differences between in vitro derived TBLCs and in vivo mouse early developmental cell stages at the single-cell transcriptomic level. (sciencegate.app)
EPSCs share similar molecular features across species, and differentiate to extra-embryonic as well embryonic cell lineages in vitro and in chimeras in the case of pig and cow EPSCs. (kumamoto-u.ac.jp)
These specific advantages of the rabbit were employed in this study to further examine the role of two central determinants of laterality, namely Sonic hedgehog (Shh) and FGF8, and also extended by the design of a new in vitro culture technique. (studylibde.com)
This study was conducted to evaluate in vivo and in vitro development of in vitro-matured equine oocytes fertilized by intracytoplasmic sperm injection. (bioone.org)
In vitro studies indicate that Dab2 establishes epithelial cell polarity and organization by directing endocytic trafficking of membrane glycoproteins. (biomedcentral.com)
In early experiments, physical separation of mesenchymal and epithelial stroma from embryonic murine thymus resulted in defective thymus development when epithelium was cultured in vitro in the absence of mesenchyme ( 7 ). (frontiersin.org)
These findings were confirmed in later studies in which removal of mesenchyme from embryonic day 12 murine thymic lobes impaired thymus growth in vitro ( 8 ). (frontiersin.org)

To lay the foundation for genetic studies of anterior segment development, we have described the morphogenesis of this structure in zebrafish. (biomedcentral.com)
Cumulatively, our anatomical findings provide a reference point to utilize zebrafish for genetic studies into the mechanisms of development and maintenance of the anterior segment. (biomedcentral.com)
In zebrafish, the extra-embryonic yolk syncytial layer (YSL) is a dynamic source of patterning signals. (uga.edu)
In a collaborative project with the Gaertig lab, our goal is to understand how structural asymmetry is established within the cilia, and how this translates into directional motility essential for embryonic development in zebrafish. (uga.edu)

and extraembryonic endoderm stem cells, which help to form the egg sac. (technologyreview.com)

Human pluripotent stem cells, with their ability to proliferate indefinitely and to differentiate into virtually all cell types of the human body, provide a novel resource to study human development and to implement relevant disease models. (mdpi.com)
These mesenchymal cells differentiate into the corneal endoderm, structures at the iridocorneal angle, and iris and ciliary body stroma. (biomedcentral.com)
Published on June 11, 2020, in the journal Nature , the report describes a method of using human embryonic stem cells to generate a three-dimensional assembly of cells, called gastruloids, which differentiate into three layers organized in a manner that resembles the early human body plan. (scitechdaily.com)
Tissue development is a key process for life starting from the earliest embryonic stages during which cells differentiate into later organs composing an entire body. (exeter.ac.uk)

Differential expression analyses were performed between TBLCs and multi-embryonic cell stages to identify differentially expressed genes. (sciencegate.app)

The pharyngeal arch consists of a core of mesenchyme covered externally by ectoderm and covered internally by endoderm. (medscape.com)
The ectoderm is well around the stomodeum by the fourth week of embryonic development and contributes to the formation of the face and the nasal and oral cavities. (medscape.com)

During development, cells from diverse embryonic lineages interact to form the anterior segment. (biomedcentral.com)
The structures of the anterior segment arise from diverse embryonic lineages and there is exquisite coordination among the different compartments during development. (biomedcentral.com)

Embryonic precursors of liver and heart , whilst not sharing cellular origin, develop in close proximity through a dynamic series of inductive signaling events. (xenbase.org)

In this study, we have analysed the dynamics of H3K27me3 at pericentromeric heterochromatin (PCH) during development of the mouse blastocyst, in comparison with cultured embryonic cells. (sciencegate.app)
We also conclude that the non-canonical presence of H3K27me3 at PCH is a defining feature of embryonic cells in the young blastocyst before epiblast segregation. (sciencegate.app)

In vertebrates, the development of limbs and digits depends on the secretion of sonic hedgehog by the zone of polarizing activity, located on the posterior side of the embryonic limb bud. (wikipedia.org)
Both the embryonic and extra-embryonic cells start to talk to each other and become organised into a structure that looks like and behaves like an embryo," explains Professor Magdalena Zernicka-Goetz from the Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, who led the research. (cam.ac.uk)
The successful generation of EPSCs offers new tools for studying embryonic development, and opens a wealth of avenues for translational research in biotechnology, agriculture, and regenerative medicine. (kumamoto-u.ac.jp)
The ability to study human post-implantation development remains limited owing to ethical and technical challenges associated with intrauterine development after implantation 1 . (nature.com)
Studying how mouse stem cells interact at this point in development could also provide valuable insight into why human pregnancies fail during the earliest stages, and how to prevent that from happening. (technologyreview.com)
This is really the first demonstration of the forebrain in any models of embryonic development, and that's been a holy grail for the field," says David Glover, research professor of biology and biological engineering at Caltech, a coauthor of the report. (technologyreview.com)
Pushing past that point will be very important for developing new drugs and establishing which drugs are compatible with natural development, says Magdalena Zernicka-Goetz, a professor in mammalian development and stem cell biology in Cambridge's Department of Physiology, Development, and Neuroscience, who led the research. (technologyreview.com)
We are also interested in early mammalian development as a system in which decipher how cells make lineage decisions and how gene-regulatory networks are established. (nih.gov)
Ultimately, candidates identified this way will be fully characterized in vivo to stringently determine their impact on gene regulation during mammalian development. (nih.gov)
At the early stages of embryonic development, the vertebrate face has a common plan. (medscape.com)
Scientists from the University of Cambridge, in collaboration with the Hubrecht Institute in The Netherlands, have developed a new model to study an early stage of human development using human embryonic stem cells. (scitechdaily.com)
This is a hugely exciting new model system, which will allow us to reveal and probe the processes of early human embryonic development in the lab for the first time. (scitechdaily.com)
Due to the conserved nature of vertebrate cell behaviour, our results will be relevant to Wnt signalling during human embryonic development and could suggest novel vulnerabilities to Wnt-dependent diseases - a prerequisite for the development of novel therapeutics. (exeter.ac.uk)
Conditional deletion indicates that Dab2 is dispensable for organ development, when the vast majority of the embryonic cells are dab2 null. (biomedcentral.com)
The Developmental Genetics Research Group studies epigenetic regulation of organ development and stem cell functions, mediated by Polycomb group (PcG) proteins and DNA methylation (5mC) mechanisms. (riken.jp)
The following study began as an examination of the transformation of the second branchial or pharyngeal pouch} Of the branchial pouches that appear in the development of the embryonic pharynx of man, the second, and the second alone, possesses rather negative characteristics. (edu.au)

Viable offspring derived from fetal and adult mammalian cells. (springer.com)

As with TEC, our understanding of NES has been improved through the phenotypic identification of new subpopulations, such studies on thymic mesenchyme and endothelium have provided new and important insight into their complexity and functional importance. (frontiersin.org)

This signaling molecule is key in regulating embryonic morphogenesis in all animals. (wikipedia.org)

Such a conception would of necessityassume that these structures, as such, were in some way intrinsic in the cells of the pharyngeal entoderm metamerically arranged. (edu.au)

To address this question, single-cell RNA sequencing was applied to TBLCs and cells from early mouse embryonic developmental stages and the data were integrated using canonical correlation analyses. (sciencegate.app)
We think that it will be possible to mimic a lot of the developmental events occurring before 14 days using human embryonic and extra-embryonic stem cells using a similar approach to our technique using mouse stem cells," she says. (cam.ac.uk)
Our studies aim to understand how 3D chromatin structures are established during this period, and how this impacts future developmental decisions. (nih.gov)
It's exciting to witness the developmental processes that until now have been hidden from view - and from study. (scitechdaily.com)
The developmental capacity of nuclei taken from differentiating endoderm cells of Xenopus laevis. (springer.com)

Arguably, the most recognized and well-studied stromal populations in thymus biology are thymic epithelial cells (TEC) within the cortical and medullary areas, which are defined by their anatomical separation and function. (frontiersin.org)
Particularly since the classical study by Verdun ('98) these organs are frequently thought of as branchiomeric organs, there being a thymus and a parathyreoid (epithelial body) component belonging to each branchial pouch. (edu.au)

Our study has identified a new experimental model for stem cell biology, namely 'cluster 3', as a subpopulation of TBLCs that can be molecularly defined as near totipotent cells. (sciencegate.app)
For his multiple ground breaking discoveries in the study of the virulence factors and basic biology of the human fungal pathogen Candida albicans, Dr Wang was awarded the President's Science Award 2012. (a-star.edu.sg)

To date, research effort has routinely focused on studying ligand binding to the functional sites of proteins (active sites of enzymes), whereas the molecular mechanisms of allosteric regulation, as well as binding to other pockets and cavities in protein structures, remained poorly understood. (actanaturae.ru)

At early stages, Nodal signals produced in the YSL induce the endoderm and head mesoderm. (uga.edu)

Our model, which couples gene expression with mechanics, suggests that differential adhesion between different cell types is a critical determinant in robust endoderm formation. (lu.se)

The sonic hedgehog transcription pathway has also been linked to the formation of specific kinds of cancerous tumors, including the embryonic cerebellar tumor and medulloblastoma, as well as the progression of prostate cancer tumours. (wikipedia.org)
The coupling of gene expression with the mechanics of cell movement is important for formation of both the trophectoderm and endoderm. (lu.se)
In studying trophectoderm formation, we contrast and compare quantitatively, two hypotheses: (1) The position determines gene expression, and (2) the gene expression determines position. (lu.se)
In addition to differential adhesion, two different testable hypotheses emerge when considering endoderm formation: (1) A directional force acts on certain cells and moves them into forming the endoderm layer, which separates the blastocoel and the cells of the inner cell mass (ICM), where the blastocoel simply acts as a static boundary. (lu.se)
2) The blastocoel dynamically applies pressure upon the cells in contact, such that cell segregation in the presence of differential adhesion leads to endoderm formation. (lu.se)
Involution follows bottle cell contraction and spreads laterally and ventrally leading to the formation of the blastopore, a ring of involuting cells that encircles the yolky vegetal endoderm cells. (nature.com)

SUMOylation of linker histone H1 drives chromatin condensation and restriction of embryonic cell fate identity. (axonmedchem.com)

This work demonstrates that this I-SceI transgenesis technique, when coupled with an understanding of chromatin accessibility, can be a powerful tool for studying how evolutionary changes in gene regulatory mechanisms contributed to the diversification of body plans in deuterostomes. (stanford.edu)

After treatment with chemical signals, the gastruloids were seen to lengthen along a head to tail axis, known as the anteroposterior axis, turning on genes in specific patterns along this axis that reflect elements of a mammalian body plan. (scitechdaily.com)

The knowledge of mouse EPSCs has enabled establishing EPSCs of other mammalian species including human, pig and cow. (kumamoto-u.ac.jp)

At a purely mechanical level, we demonstrate that the perpendicular alignment of the animal-vegetal (a-v) and embryonic-abembryonic (eb-ab) axes is a result of minimizing the total elastic conformational energy of the entire collection of cells constrained by the zona pellucida. (lu.se)

Targeted genetic mutations, gene knockout and overexpression studies have significantly contributed to our understanding of the pathways involved in apoptotic processes. (pharna.com)

The related coactivator complexes SAGA and ATAC control embryonic stem cell self-renewal through acetyltransferase-independent mechanisms. (axonmedchem.com)

Cerberus and hhex are required in anterior endoderm for liver and cardiac specification. (xenbase.org)

For studies on cytokine production, cells are first treated with a protein transport inhibitor to allow accumulation of the target protein inside the cell. (bdbiosciences.com)
We have discovered that an atypical T-box containing transcription factor homologous to the mammalian Max-gene associated (Mga) protein is at the center of a complex regulatory network in the YSL. (uga.edu)

Remarkably, a subpopulation within the TBLCs population expressed a high level of the totipotent-related genes Zscan4s and displayed transcriptomic features similar to mouse two-cell stage embryonic cells. (sciencegate.app)
We noticed that the amount of Paf1/PD2 manifestation is a lot higher in self-renewing mouse embryonic carcinoma cells than in the differentiating cells. (ecologicalsgardens.com)

Furthermore, the results of studies using HGF‑overexpressing mice have indicated the therapeutic potential of HGF for various types of disease and injury. (spandidos-publications.com)
Other recent studies verified the presence of PAPP-A mRNA in granulosa cells of humans, monkeys, cattle, mice, and pigs. (bioone.org)

During his graduate studies he was awarded an international cancer society (UICC) fellowship for collaborative research at Tufts University, Boston, USA. (a-star.edu.sg)
His current research focus is on the study of the human fungal pathogen Candida albicans. (a-star.edu.sg)
Taken together, these studies should significantly accelerate the progression from basic stem cell research to clinical applications. (qscience.com)
From 1987 to the late 1990s, James Haddow and his team of researchers at the Foundation for Blood Research in Scarborough, Maine, studied children born to women who had thyroid deficiencies while pregnant with those children. (asu.edu)
Evans MD, Kelley J. US attitudes toward human embryonic stem cell research. (springer.com)

One such important histone mark is H3K36me3 which is deposited by the enzyme SETD2 in mammalian cells. (frontiersin.org)

Anatomy10

Organisms1

Chemicals and Drugs2

Psychiatry and Psychology1

Phenomena and Processes6

Health Care1

Differentiation15

Primitive endoderm3

Tissues11

Gastrulation5

ESCs6

Placenta1

Germ3

Embryogenesis4

Mesoderm and endoderm2

Embryos11

Vitro7

Zebrafish4

Extraembryonic endoderm1

Differentiate4

Expressed genes1

Ectoderm2

Lineages2

Precursors1

Blastocyst2

Development16

Fetal1

Mesenchyme1

Morphogenesis1

Pharyngeal1

Developmental5

Epithelial2

Biology2

Molecular1

Stages1

Determinant1

Formation6

Cell fate1

Chromatin1

Signals1

Species1

Axes1

Pathways1

Self-renewal1

Anterior1

Protein2

Mouse2

Mice2

Research5

Histone1