• During gastrulation of triploblastic animals, the three germinal layers that form are called the ectoderm, mesoderm, and endoderm. (wikipedia.org)
  • For example, the ectoderm will give rise to the skin epidermis and the nervous system, the mesoderm will give rise to the vascular system, muscles, bone, and connective tissues, and the endoderm will give rise to organs of the digestive system and epithelium of the digestive system and respiratory system. (wikipedia.org)
  • Such human fully integrated and complete SEMs recapitulate the organization of nearly all known lineages and compartments of post-implantation human embryos, including the epiblast, the hypoblast, the extra-embryonic mesoderm and the trophoblast layer surrounding the latter compartments. (nature.com)
  • These include embryonic disc and bilaminar disc formation, epiblast lumenogenesis, polarized amniogenesis, anterior-posterior symmetry breaking, primordial germ-cell specification, polarized yolk sac with visceral and parietal endoderm formation, extra-embryonic mesoderm expansion that defines a chorionic cavity and a connecting stalk, and a trophoblast-surrounding compartment demonstrating syncytium and lacunae formation. (nature.com)
  • During mammalian development, embryonic stem cells undergo cell-fate decisions to commit to one of three germ layer lineages: ectoderm, mesoderm and endoderm. (harvard.edu)
  • Furthermore, we use single-cell profiling to show that Tal1 -/- chimeric embryos display defects in early mesoderm diversification, and we thus demonstrate how combining temporal and transcriptional information can illuminate gene function. (nih.gov)
  • Embryonic stem cells (ESCs) lacking MLL3/4 enzymatic activities can differentiate towards the three embryonic germ layers including endoderm, mesoderm and ectoderm. (nih.gov)
  • The primitive streak gene Mixl1 is required for efficient haematopoiesis and BMP4-induced ventral mesoderm patterning in differentiating ES cells. (edu.au)
  • The defining characteristics of pluripotent stem cells, which include embryonic stem (ES) cells and induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells, are straightforward: their ability to self-renew and differentiate into ectoderm, mesoderm, and endoderm germ layers. (genengnews.com)
  • In our most recent work we have focused on the role of bone morphogenetic protein (BMP)-4 in the cell fate decision between endoderm and mesoderm, demonstrating the similarity of BMP-induced hESC and EpiSC differentiation to mesoderm induction during mouse gastrulation. (qscience.com)
  • ES cells give rise to cell lineages from the three primordial germ layers - endoderm, mesoderm, and ectoderm. (psu.edu)
  • The fertilized oocyte is totipotent, with resultant blastomeres capable of generating all three primary germ layers, ectoderm, mesoderm, and endoderm, in addition to the extra embryonic tissues. (conditionmed.org)
  • Pluripotent stem cells (PSCs), including embryonic stem cells (ESCs) and induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs), are potentially unlimited cell sources for cellular therapies due to the unique capacities of PSCs to self-renew indefinitely and differentiate into cells from all three germ lineages (ectoderm, mesoderm, and endoderm) [ 1 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Craniofacial development is an extraordinarily complex process that requires the orchestrated integration of multiple specialized tissues, such as the surface ectoderm, neural crest, mesoderm, and pharyngeal endoderm, in order to generate the central and peripheral nervous systems, axial skeleton, musculature, and connective tissues of the head and face. (medscape.com)
  • The mesenchyme that fills the pharyngeal arches is derived from the following 3 origins: the paraxial mesoderm, the lateral plate mesoderm, and the neural crest cells. (medscape.com)
  • Although paraxial mesoderm and lateral plate mesoderm contribute to the musculature that develops in each particular arch, neural crest cells contribute to the skeletal portion of each arch. (medscape.com)
  • Pluripotent stem cells (PSC's) are, by definition, able to contribute to all embryonic germ layers (endoderm, mesoderm, and ectoderm), but not to extraembryonic tissues (including placenta and trophoblast). (ucsd.edu)
  • For example, in neurogenesis, a subpopulation of cells from the ectoderm segregate from other cells and further specialize to become the brain, spinal cord, or peripheral nerves. (wikipedia.org)
  • The TS cell cadherin code enables TS cell sorting above ES cells, resembling extraembryonic ectoderm clustering above epiblast following implantation. (cam.ac.uk)
  • The pharyngeal arch consists of a core of mesenchyme covered externally by ectoderm and covered internally by endoderm. (medscape.com)
  • The ectoderm is well around the stomodeum by the fourth week of embryonic development and contributes to the formation of the face and the nasal and oral cavities. (medscape.com)
  • Human pluripotent stem cells, with their ability to proliferate indefinitely and to differentiate into virtually all cell types of the human body, provide a novel resource to study human development and to implement relevant disease models. (mdpi.com)
  • Here, we employed a human pancreatic differentiation platform complemented with an shRNA screen in human pluripotent stem cells (PSCs) to identify potential drivers of early endoderm and pancreatic development. (mdpi.com)
  • Across the animal kingdom, gastrulation represents a key developmental event during which embryonic pluripotent cells diversify into lineage-specific precursors that will generate the adult organism. (nih.gov)
  • Efficient Endoderm Induction from Human Pluripotent Stem Cells by Logically Directing Signals Controlling Lineage Bifurcations. (edu.au)
  • Advertorial: Pluripotent Stem Cell Verification: Is There an Alternative to Teratoma Assays? (genengnews.com)
  • Pluripotent stem cells have great potential for use in regenerative medicine and are an important tool for understanding developmental and disease mechanisms. (genengnews.com)
  • The most widely accepted method for determining whether a population of cells is truly pluripotent is the teratoma assay, that is, verifying in vivo a cell population's ability to differentiate into each of the three germ layers via teratoma formation in mice. (genengnews.com)
  • Time and resources spent expanding stem cells are wasted if the resulting population is not functionally pluripotent. (genengnews.com)
  • Manually picking colonies that contain pluripotent stem cells is possible through an analysis of colony morphology. (genengnews.com)
  • The GloLIVE™ Human Pluripotent Stem Cell Live Cell Imaging Kit and individual GloLIVE antibodies available from R&D Systems allow you to verify the pluripotency status of your stem cells by monitoring the expression of both positive and negative markers ( Figure 1 ). (genengnews.com)
  • The kit contains a set of azide-free, fluorochrome-conjugated GloLIVE antibodies that recognize two positive markers and one negative marker of human pluripotent stem cells. (genengnews.com)
  • Our research focuses on understanding how pluripotent mammalian stem cells maintain their undifferentiated state and undergo differentiation in culture - this reflecting my enduring interest in the emergence of diversity during mouse gastrulation. (qscience.com)
  • These studies led to our discovery of a novel type of pluripotent epiblast stem cell (EpiSC) from the late epiblast layer of mouse and rat embryos. (qscience.com)
  • Indeed, an important area of investigation involves directed differentiation to influence the lineage commitment of these pluripotent cells in vitro. (psu.edu)
  • Generating primordial germ cell-like cells (PGCLCs) from human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) advances studies of human reproduction and development of infertility treatments, but often entails complex 3D aggregates. (bvsalud.org)
  • Owing to their manifold roles in health and disease, there have been intense efforts to synthetically generate blood vessels in vitro from human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs). (bvsalud.org)
  • Here, we generate >90% pure human artery or vein endothelial cells from pluripotent stem cells within 3-4 days. (bvsalud.org)
  • Differentiation of human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) into functional cell types is a crucial step in cell therapy. (ashpublications.org)
  • In the present study, we demonstrate that functional CD34 + progenitor cells can be efficiently produced from human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) and induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) by combined modulation of 2 signaling pathways. (ashpublications.org)
  • By inhibiting signal pathways implicated in the earliest embryo development, we recently established cultures of mouse expanded potential stem cells (EPSCs) from individual 4-cell and 8-cell blastomeres, by direct conversion of mouse embryonic stem cells (ESCs) and induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs). (kumamoto-u.ac.jp)
  • The developing embryo, from which pluripotent stem cells originate, undergoes a series of dynamic metabolic transitions synchronized to its molecular development. (conditionmed.org)
  • The developmental potential within pluripotent cells in the canonical model is restricted to embryonic tissues, whereas totipotent cells can differentiate into both embryonic and extraembryonic tissues. (sciencegate.app)
  • Recently, it was reported that treatment with a single spliceosome inhibitor, pladienolide B (plaB), can successfully reprogram mouse pluripotent stem cells into totipotent blastomere-like cells (TBLCs) in vitro. (sciencegate.app)
  • This complex process occurs in several steps and controls the development of pluripotent cells into highly specialised cells of an organism. (europa.eu)
  • In particular, FUNGENES identified genes controlling the development of pluripotent embryonic stem (ES) cells into heart cells (cardiomyocytes), nerve cells (neurons), smooth muscle cells, vascular endothelial cells, fat cells (adipocytes), liver cells (hepatocytes) and insulin-producing cells of the pancreas. (europa.eu)
  • Here we report that cultures of expanded potential stem cells can be established from individual eight-cell blastomeres, and by direct conversion of mouse embryonic stem cells and induced pluripotent stem cells. (ox.ac.uk)
  • Controlled expansion and differentiation of pluripotent stem cells (PSCs) using reproducible, high-throughput methods could accelerate stem cell research for clinical therapies. (biomedcentral.com)
  • BMP2- or transgene-induced Oct4 up-regulation drives human embryonic and induced pluripotent stem cells to become cardiac progenitors. (lonza.com)
  • Using mouse models, pluripotent stem cells, as well as primary human trophoblast cultures and placental explants and tissues, we are exploring the role of several transcription factors and signaling pathways involved in trophoblast differentiation and placental development. (ucsd.edu)
  • Following his Ph.D., he performed a research fellowship in the lab of Jim Wells at Cincinnati Children's Hospital , where he turned his focus to understanding mechanisms that regulate embryonic development of endoderm-derived tissue (pancreas, liver, intestine) and utilizing human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) to understand human differentiation and development. (aiche.org)
  • During this time, he pioneered efforts to generate 3-dimensional intestinal organoids from human pluripotent stem cells using an approach know as directed differentiation. (aiche.org)
  • Directing differentiation of human pluripotent stem cells into different endodermal lineages such that we may generate tissue for replacement therapies and discover novel in vitro methods to model and study human development and disease. (aiche.org)
  • But what is not getting such wide reporting is the use of pluripotent stem cells (as well as many other types of cells and genetic engineering techniques) for reproductive purposes . (lifeissues.net)
  • Using a novel iterative framework developed in a companion manuscript, we have analyzed single-cell RNA-seq data obtained from mouse embryonic stem cells taken at various time points during early germ layer differentiation to identify cell types as well as the lineage relationships between these individual cell types. (harvard.edu)
  • To address this question, single-cell RNA sequencing was applied to TBLCs and cells from early mouse embryonic developmental stages and the data were integrated using canonical correlation analyses. (sciencegate.app)
  • It thoroughly investigated the unique ability of mouse embryonic stem cells to develop into cells of any organ ("pluripotency"), created new tools for functional genomic studies and thus provided key knowledge to understanding the commitment of cells to differentiate into cells of a particular germ layer. (europa.eu)
  • We noticed that the amount of Paf1/PD2 manifestation is a lot higher in self-renewing mouse embryonic carcinoma cells than in the differentiating cells. (ecologicalsgardens.com)
  • In particular, an excess of Cdx2 over Oct4 determines the trophectoderm lineage whereas an excess of Gata-6 over Nanog determines differentiation into the endoderm lineage. (lu.se)
  • Citation: Chickarmane V, Peterson C (2008) A Computational Model for Understanding Stem Cell, Trophectoderm and Endoderm Lineage Determination. (lu.se)
  • Mammalian embryos sequentially differentiate into trophectoderm and an inner cell mass, the latter of which differentiates into primitive endoderm and epiblast. (cam.ac.uk)
  • It confers pluripotency on embryonic stem cells and prevents their differentiation towards extraembryonic ENDODERM and trophectoderm (TROPHOBLAST) CELL LINEAGES. (bvsalud.org)
  • Embryonic stem cells (ESCs) derived from the epiblast contribute to the somatic lineages and the germline upon reintroduction to the blastocyst but are excluded from the extraembryonic tissues that are derived from the trophectoderm (TE) and the primitive endoderm (PrE). (kumamoto-u.ac.jp)
  • The blastocyst comprises the inner cell mass (ICM), which gives rise to the three primary germ layers and consequently the fetus, and the trophectoderm (TE), which gives rise to the extraembryonic and placental tissue. (conditionmed.org)
  • The trophectoderm is responsible for forming the placenta, the primitive endoderm leads to the yolk sac, and the epiblast gives rise to all remaining embryonic tissues. (nih.gov)
  • Remarkably, a single expanded potential stem cell can contribute both to the embryo proper and to the trophectoderm lineages in a chimaera assay. (ox.ac.uk)
  • These cells are derived from trophectoderm, the outer layer of the early embryo, which differentiates into multiple subtypes of trophoblast, with different characteristics and function. (ucsd.edu)
  • Background: Recent studies have associated the transcription factors, Oct4, Sox2 and Nanog as parts of a self-regulating network which is responsible for maintaining embryonic stem cell properties: self renewal and pluripotency. (lu.se)
  • We construct a molecular map of cellular differentiation from pluripotency towards all major embryonic lineages, and explore the complex events involved in the convergence of visceral and primitive streak-derived endoderm. (nih.gov)
  • To account for this high level of functional variation, verifying the pluripotency of stem cells-from the generation of a new cell line through its expansion for an experiment-is crucial. (genengnews.com)
  • To address these difficulties, R&D Systems has developed new tools that aid in the verification of stem cell pluripotency during derivation, maintenance, and expansion. (genengnews.com)
  • Moreover, colony morphology is not truly indicative of pluripotency, since cells that are not fully reprogrammed can have similar morphology. (genengnews.com)
  • Pluripotency of live human stem cell colonies was verified using a NorthernLights™ (NL) 493-conjugated Mouse Anti-Human SSEA-4 Monoclonal Antibody (green) and a NL557-conjugated Mouse Anti-Human TRA-1-60(R) Monoclonal Antibody (red). (genengnews.com)
  • Despite its broad use as the most common assay for assessing the pluripotency of stem cells, the teratoma assay has limitations. (genengnews.com)
  • The discoveries reported in these papers are highlighted below: HEB and E2A function as SMAD/FOXH1 cofactors Nodal signaling, mediated through SMAD transcription factors, is necessary for pluripotency maintenance and endoderm commitment. (ca.gov)
  • We discuss what is known about the distinct metabolic states captured in vitro by the 2-cell-like, naïve, blastocyst-like, formative, and primed states of pluripotency. (conditionmed.org)
  • We explore the recently described metabolic surge event that occurs as pluripotency is lost and stem cells commit to differentiate. (conditionmed.org)
  • To establish protocols for the safe and efficient differentiation of healthy cells for therapies, we must develop a better understanding of the dynamic continuum of metabolic states that span pluripotency and differentiation, and how to influence them. (conditionmed.org)
  • Frum T, Watts JL, Ralston A. TEAD4, YAP1 and WWTR1 prevent the premature onset of pluripotency prior to the 16-cell stage. (msu.edu)
  • Frum T, Ralston A . Pluripotency - what does cell polarity have to do with it? (msu.edu)
  • FUNGENES identified the gene subsets that are active in self-renewing cells, during the exit from pluripotency and at specific stages of mouse ES cell differentiation. (europa.eu)
  • Oct4 exerts a dose-dependent dual action, as both a gatekeeper for stem cell pluripotency and in driving cells toward specific lineages. (lonza.com)
  • When embryonic stem cell pluripotency is achieved, Oct4 switches from the Sox2 to the Sox17 promoter. (lonza.com)
  • This switch allows the cells to turn off the pluripotency Oct4-Sox2 loop and to turn on the Sox17 promoter. (lonza.com)
  • Our data thus reveal a novel molecular Oct4- and Sox17-mediated mechanism that disrupts the stem cell microenvironment favoring pluripotency to provide a novel paracrine endodermal environment in which cell lineage is determined and commits the cells to a cardiogenic fate. (lonza.com)
  • The XEN cell cadherin code enables XEN cell sorting into a layer below ES cells, recapitulating the sorting of epiblast and primitive endoderm before implantation. (cam.ac.uk)
  • Thus, somatic cells (primitive streak) and PGCLCs are related-yet distinct-lineages segregated by temporally-dynamic signaling. (bvsalud.org)
  • Sometimes this is called the pre-embryo a term employed to differentiate from an embryo proper in relation to embryonic stem cell discourses. (wikipedia.org)
  • During organogenesis, molecular and cellular interactions prompt certain populations of cells from the different germ layers to differentiate into organ-specific cell types. (wikipedia.org)
  • However, they fail to differentiate to extraembryonic endoderm cells due to markedly reduced enhancer binding of GATA6, the lineage-determining transcription factor driving extraembryonic endoderm development. (nih.gov)
  • A unique and essential property of embryonic stem cells is the ability to self-renew and differentiate into multiple cell lineages. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Under the same neural differentiation-promoting conditions, the ability of each cell line to differentiate into neural progenitors varied. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) possess the ability to self-renew in an undifferentiated state in culture while retaining the ability to differentiate into all of the cell types in the human body. (biomedcentral.com)
  • It is also essential to understand how the inherited variation in the sex, stage, quality and genetic background of embryos, as well as environmental influences such as derivation methods and passage procedures can affect the ability of hES cell lines to self-renew and differentiate. (biomedcentral.com)
  • In the present study, a side-by-side comparison of the ability to maintain an undifferentiated state and to self-renew under standard conditions, the ability to spontaneously differentiate into cell types of three germ layers in embryonic bodies, and directed differentiation under neural differentiation-promoting conditions was made between three NIH registered hESC lines I3, I6 and BG01V. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) derived from an early embryo can self-renew indefinitely and differentiate into a variety of cell types. (ashpublications.org)
  • EPSCs share similar molecular features across species, and differentiate to extra-embryonic as well embryonic cell lineages in vitro and in chimeras in the case of pig and cow EPSCs. (kumamoto-u.ac.jp)
  • However all the cell lines established so far were grown in medium containing at least 10% serum, and it has been shown that primary cell lines cultured under these conditions lose their ability to differentiate, acquire gene expression profiles that differ from that of tissue specific stem cells or the primary tumor they derive from, and in some cases are neither clonogenic nor tumorigenic. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Dental pulp stem cells have been isolated from deciduous and permanent teeth and have the potential to self-renew and differentiate. (bvsalud.org)
  • Depending on the species, a blastula or blastocyst stage embryo can appear as a ball of cells on top of yolk, or as a hollow sphere of cells surrounding a middle cavity. (wikipedia.org)
  • Abstract title:Stem cells from the mammalian blastocyst-How similar are mouse and human? (csh-asia.org)
  • A homeodomain protein and transcription regulator that functions in BLASTOCYST INNER CELL MASS and EMBRYONIC STEM CELL proliferation and CELL SELF RENEWAL. (bvsalud.org)
  • In the mouse, a transporting epithelium is established around the 8-16-cell stage through a process known as compaction where cell definition is lost and the outer cells of the embryo form tight junctions, giving rise to the blastocyst. (conditionmed.org)
  • Frum, T., Ralston, A . Culture conditions antagonize lineage-promoting signaling in the mouse blastocyst. (msu.edu)
  • At blastocyst stage, the segregation of the three primordial lineages is accompanied by establishment of differential patterns of DNA methylation and post-translational modifications of histones, such as H3K27me3. (sciencegate.app)
  • In this study, we have analysed the dynamics of H3K27me3 at pericentromeric heterochromatin (PCH) during development of the mouse blastocyst, in comparison with cultured embryonic cells. (sciencegate.app)
  • Stem cells derived from blastocyst (naïve ESCs and TSCs) do not fully maintain the H3K27me3 enrichment at PCH. (sciencegate.app)
  • We also conclude that the non-canonical presence of H3K27me3 at PCH is a defining feature of embryonic cells in the young blastocyst before epiblast segregation. (sciencegate.app)
  • 2- to 4-cell and morula- to blastocyst-stage mouse embryos were cultured for 1 h in tritiated leucine at two specific activities and their subsequent development followed in vitro and in vivo (after transfer to recipients), respectively. (sciencegate.app)
  • In mammals, the result is the formation of the blastocyst, a structure that contains three different cell types, each with a defined differentiation potential. (nih.gov)
  • We after that review latest theoretical techniques that formalize the systems underlying destiny decisions in the internal cell mass from the blastocyst stage embryo. (synanet2020.com)
  • We conclude by recommending that cell-to-cell conversation provides a system to exploit and buffer inter-cellular variability inside a self-organized procedure that culminates in Cyclosporin C the reproducible development from the adult mammalian blastocyst stage embryo that's prepared for implantation in to the maternal uterus. (synanet2020.com)
  • We summarize theoretical methods to formalize the systems underlying destiny decisions in the ICM, and conclude by recommending that cell-to-cell conversation provides a system to exploit and buffer inter-cellular variability inside a self-organized procedure that culminates in the reproducible development Cyclosporin C of the blastocyst. (synanet2020.com)
  • Origin from the three cell types composed of the mammalian blastocyst Through the first couple of days of advancement the mouse embryo undergoes some specific morphological and mobile events to changeover from an individual totipotent cell, the zygote, to a ~200 cell embryo composed of three specific, spatially organized cell types at around embryonic day time (E) 4.5 (discover Fig. 1 for a synopsis of preimplantation advancement and staging strategies). (synanet2020.com)
  • Bona fide trophoblast stem cell (TSC) lines, extra-embryonic endoderm stem (XEN) cells, and ESCs could be directly derived from EPSCs in vitro . (kumamoto-u.ac.jp)
  • Bona fide trophoblast stem cell lines and extra-embryonic endoderm stem cells can be directly derived from expanded potential stem cells in vitro. (ox.ac.uk)
  • Embryo-like models with spatially organized morphogenesis and structure of all defining embryonic and extra-embryonic tissues of the post-implantation human conceptus (that is, the embryonic disc, the bilaminar disc, the yolk sac, the chorionic sac and the surrounding trophoblast layer) remain lacking 1 , 2 . (nature.com)
  • Much of this process relies on the morphogenesis of the extra-embryonic tissues and the effect this has on the organization of embryonic cells. (nature.com)
  • While the contribution of these mechanisms to cell and tissue identity is widely accepted, their role in physiological and pathological contexts within tissues is just beginning to be appreciated. (imperial.ac.uk)
  • The TBLCs exhibited totipotency transcriptionally and acquired expanded developmental potential with the ability to yield various embryonic and extraembryonic tissues that may be employed as novel mouse developmental cell models. (sciencegate.app)
  • In this study, we investigated the role of autophagy and apoptosis in Newcastle disease virus (NDV)-infected chicken cells and tissues. (immune-source.com)
  • In bottom line, we confirmed that autophagy brought about by genotype VII NDV infections was important for virus-like replication, NDV-induced apoptosis, and cell survival in buy 480-11-5 chicken cells and tissues. (immune-source.com)
  • HGF is produced and secreted by adjacent stromal and mesenchymal cells, it contributes to the development of epithelial organs in a paracrine fashion, exerts regenerative effects on epithelia in the liver, kidney, lung, and other tissues, and promotes the regression of fibrosis in numerous organs ( 7 , 8 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
  • Understanding how stem cells behave in the niche is extremely important in order to extract these cells from their natural habitat, expand them in vitro and transplant the stem cells back to the patient, to repair and/or regenerate tissues and organs, with no risks to the individual's integrity. (bvsalud.org)
  • Likewise, the knowledge of stem cell biology is crucial to the development of stem cell therapies, based on tissue engineering applied to dentistry, seeking the regeneration of dental tissues damaged or lost by caries, trauma or genetic diseases. (bvsalud.org)
  • Therapies based on the application of stem cells have great potential in the prevention and treatment of several diseases, such as cancer, diabetes, cardiovascular disease, spinal cord injuries, neurological diseases such as Parkinson's and Alzheimer's, and in the regeneration of various tissues and organs. (bvsalud.org)
  • In combination with transgenic organisms, such enzyme-actuated antisense tools will enable gene silencing in specific cell types, including tissues that are not amenable to optical targeting. (cdc.gov)
  • Furthermore, titration of hhex with a dexamethasone-inducible hhex -VP16GR fusion construct suggested that endogenous hhex activity during gastrulation is essential for the formation of ventral pancreatic progenitor cells. (xenbase.org)
  • hPSC-derived CD34 + progenitor cells further developed to endothelial and smooth muscle cells with functionality. (ashpublications.org)
  • Our results suggest that combined modulation of signaling pathways may be an efficient means of differentiating hPSCs into functional CD34 + progenitor cells. (ashpublications.org)
  • BCL11A is a triple-negative breast cancer gene with critical functions in stem and progenitor cells. (kumamoto-u.ac.jp)
  • Likewise, these cells give rise to progenitor cells committed to a particular cell lineage, and play a crucial role in tissue repair and homeostasis. (bvsalud.org)
  • However, the possible differences in proliferation and differentiation capabilities among independently-derived human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) are not well known because of insufficient characterization. (biomedcentral.com)
  • These unique capabilities make hESCs a renewable source of a wide range of cell types for potential use in research and cell-based drug screening and therapies for many diseases. (biomedcentral.com)
  • This work reveals the importance of BRACHYURY and CDX2 genes as key mediators of embryonic and extraembryonic lineage differentiation in hESCs and EpiSCs. (qscience.com)
  • We have also been successful in identifying regions of the genome bound by of histone modifications and transcription factors in hESCs and derived endoderm. (ca.gov)
  • Toward a goal of developing endodermal lineages from hESCs, including liver, pancreas, lung and intestine, we have developed new tools and approaches to identify these subtypes as well as a molecular understanding of how these subtypes emerge. (ca.gov)
  • Two of these papers redefine endodermal subtypes derived from hESCs, including new methods to isolate lineage restricted endodermal populations and a means to distinguish between single endodermal cells. (ca.gov)
  • The third paper provides an unprecedented view of the Nodal signaling pathway and its intersection with bivalent domains in both hESCs and derived endoderm. (ca.gov)
  • We have identified a new motif, termed SMAD Complex Associated (SCA) that is bound by SMAD2/3/4 and FOXH1 in human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) and derived endoderm. (ca.gov)
  • Chromatin and Transcriptional Signatures for Nodal Signaling During Endoderm Formation in hESCs The first stages of embryonic differentiation are driven by signaling pathways hardwired to induce particular fates. (ca.gov)
  • To elucidate the Nodal transcriptional network that governs endoderm formation, we used ChIP-seq to identify genomic targets for SMAD2/3, SMAD3, SMAD4, FOXH1 and the active and repressive chromatin marks, H3K4me3 and H3K27me3, in human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) and derived endoderm. (ca.gov)
  • ones that play a key role in endoderm specification. (ca.gov)
  • The authors also expanded their smFISH analysis to C. monodelphis and showed that elt-3 is expressed in the embryonic endoderm, as observed in C. portoensis and C. angaria, further strengthening the conclusion that ELT-3 plays a conserved role in endoderm specification in nematodes outside of the Elegans supergroup. (biologists.com)
  • Our findings reveal that cell types found during early in vitro germ layer differentiation are discrete both transcriptionally as well as functionally. (harvard.edu)
  • Together, this comprehensive delineation of mammalian cell differentiation trajectories in vivo represents a baseline for understanding the effects of gene mutations during development, as well as a roadmap for the optimization of in vitro differentiation protocols for regenerative medicine. (nih.gov)
  • How can we specifically generate either arterial or venous endothelial cells (ECs) from hPSCs in vitro? (bvsalud.org)
  • 2019). Akin to the dynamic nutrient requirements of the developing embryo, discrete in vitro cell states have distinct metabolic profiles (Zhou et al. (conditionmed.org)
  • It is only through understanding embryonic metabolism and development that we can derive and maintain different in vitro stem cell states for disease modeling and therapies. (conditionmed.org)
  • Currently, the ability to culture in vitro totipotent cells possessing molecular and functional features like those of an early embryo in vivo has been a challenge. (sciencegate.app)
  • This study underscores the subtle differences between in vitro derived TBLCs and in vivo mouse early developmental cell stages at the single-cell transcriptomic level. (sciencegate.app)
  • The primary cell cultures, obtained from four human pleural mesotheliomas, were expanded in vitro in a low serum proliferation-permissive medium and the expression of different markers as well as the tumorigenicity in immunodeficient mice was evaluated. (biomedcentral.com)
  • These cell cultures may provide a valuable in vitro and in vivo model to investigate mesothelioma biology. (biomedcentral.com)
  • In vitro studies indicate that Dab2 establishes epithelial cell polarity and organization by directing endocytic trafficking of membrane glycoproteins. (biomedcentral.com)
  • We characterize the activation kinetics of these reagents in vitro and demonstrate their efficacy in zebrafish embryos that express NfsB either ubiquitously or in defined cell populations. (cdc.gov)
  • All cell lines differentiated into three embryonic germ lineages in embryoid bodies and into neural cell lineages when cultured in neural differentiation medium. (biomedcentral.com)
  • These observations suggest that, beyond its role in liver development, hhex controls specification of a vpp1 -positive endodermal cell population during gastrulation that is required for the formation of the ventral pancreas . (xenbase.org)
  • We display how the knockout of Paf1/PD2 in ESCs loses its self-renewal function and qualified prospects towards the induction of crucial endoderm genes indicating a particular part of Paf1/PD2 in the first commitment for an endodermal lineage. (ecologicalsgardens.com)
  • In this preprint, the authors found that ELT-3, a GATA factor that is mostly expressed in the hypodermal cells in C. elegans , is present in early endodermal progenitors and drives gut specification in C. angaria . (biologists.com)
  • AFP is markedly elevated with endodermal sinus tumors and elevated to a lesser degree with embryonal cell carcinomas. (medscape.com)
  • In addition to their histologic characteristics, germ cell tumors retain molecular characteristics of their primordial lineage. (medscape.com)
  • The model also predicts that reprogramming the network from a differentiated state, in particular the endoderm state, into a stem cell state, is best achieved by over-expressing Nanog, rather than by suppression of differentiation genes such as Gata-6. (lu.se)
  • C) Sox17 -bound genes are enriched in the endoderm . (xenbase.org)
  • Differential expression analyses were performed between TBLCs and multi-embryonic cell stages to identify differentially expressed genes. (sciencegate.app)
  • Remarkably, a subpopulation within the TBLCs population expressed a high level of the totipotent-related genes Zscan4s and displayed transcriptomic features similar to mouse two-cell stage embryonic cells. (sciencegate.app)
  • The expressions of lineage-specific genes were compared between your PD2+/ and ESCs? (ecologicalsgardens.com)
  • Taking advantage of this simple mode of embryogenesis, as well as well-characterized genes involved in developmental, Ciona is now a model experimental system for exploring gene regulatory networks for differentiation of embryonic cells [Imai et al. (oist.jp)
  • In fact C. angaria lacked some 'critical' gut specification genes, 'critical' as defined by the model nematode C. elegans, which led the group to identify a more basic gene regulatory network which drove endoderm specification in nematodes. (biologists.com)
  • At the early stages of embryonic development, the vertebrate face has a common plan. (medscape.com)
  • Here we report the transcriptional profiles of 116,312 single cells from mouse embryos collected at nine sequential time points ranging from 6.5 to 8.5 days post-fertilization. (nih.gov)
  • Stem cell-derived synthetic embryos self-assemble by exploiting cadherin codes and cortical tension. (cam.ac.uk)
  • Trophoblast stem (TS), extraembryonic endoderm (XEN) and embryonic stem (ES) cells derived from these three lineages can self-assemble into synthetic embryos, but the mechanisms remain unknown. (cam.ac.uk)
  • By optimizing cadherin code expression in different stem cell lines, we tripled the frequency of correctly formed synthetic embryos. (cam.ac.uk)
  • EPSCs are currently the only long-term culture stem cells derived from porcine preimplantation embryos. (kumamoto-u.ac.jp)
  • Quantitative evaluation of tissue-processing procedures has permitted selection of conditions which reduce changes in linear dimensions to −1·6 ± 1·8 % in two-cell embryos. (sciencegate.app)
  • However, it is disputed whether TBLCs are 'true' totipotent stem cells equivalent to in vivo two-cell stage embryos. (sciencegate.app)
  • Here, we show that cell geometry and polarity domains cooperate, rather than compete, in positioning the cleavage plane during UCDs in early ascidian embryos. (elifesciences.org)
  • or embryos ( Minc and Piel, 2012 ) and is the result of spindle alignment with the longest axis of the cell. (elifesciences.org)
  • The constitutive dab2 deleted embryos showed a spectrum in the degree of endoderm disorganization in E5.5 and no mutant embryos persisted at E9.5. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The study of the new dab2 mutant allele in embryos and embryoid bodies confirms a role for Dab2 in extraembryonic endoderm development and epithelial organization. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Surprisingly, wild-type posterior visceral endoderm (PVE) in midgut- and hindgut-deficient tetraploid chimera rescues the posterior body axis truncation, indicating that the PVE is important for tail organizer formation. (biologists.com)
  • A single EPSC can contribute to both the embryo proper and the TE lineages in chimera assay. (kumamoto-u.ac.jp)
  • The embryo's cells continue to divide and increase in number, while molecules within the cells such as RNAs and proteins actively promote key developmental processes such as gene expression, cell fate specification, and polarity. (wikipedia.org)
  • We use our simplified differentiation platform and single-cell RNA-sequencing to achieve further insights into PGCLC specification. (bvsalud.org)
  • Lineage specification is governed by gene regulatory networks (GRNs) that integrate the activity of signaling effectors and transcription factors (TFs) on enhancers. (xenbase.org)
  • Chromatin Regulation of Early Embryonic Lineage Specification. (msu.edu)
  • Using model organisms to understand mechanisms by which the embryo develops, with a focus on specification, differentiation and organogenesis of tissue derived from the endoderm. (aiche.org)
  • When I received and read this manuscript as an editor, I thought this manuscript may be a good fit for Development and sent it out for peer review since I was struck by what seemed like an example of evolution of a gene regulatory network that led to endoderm specification in two distant yet related species (in this case of the nematode Caenorhabhditis). (biologists.com)
  • Using a combination of gene expression reporters, single molecule FISH analysis, and either genetic mutants or RNA interference to deplete gene function, the authors argued that the gene regulatory network that led to specification of the endoderm was not the same between C. elegans and C. angaria. (biologists.com)
  • Strikingly, the authors were able to move C. angaria network into C. elegans by knocking out the entire GATA cascade in C. elegans and replacing it with Can-ELT-3 and Can-ELT-2, which strongly supports the conclusion that Can-ELT-3 and Can-ELT-2 drive endoderm specification and differentiation, respectively. (biologists.com)
  • Additionally, the Wnt effector POP-1 activates endoderm specification by acting on END-1 and -3. (biologists.com)
  • In organisms that reproduce sexually, embryonic development is the part of the life cycle that begins just after fertilization of the female egg cell by the male sperm cell. (wikipedia.org)
  • In animals, fertilization begins the process of embryonic development with the creation of a zygote, a single cell resulting from the fusion of gametes (e.g. egg and sperm). (wikipedia.org)
  • Gastrulation is the next phase of embryonic development, and involves the development of two or more layers of cells (germinal layers). (wikipedia.org)
  • As the name suggests, organogenesis is the stage of embryonic development when organs form. (wikipedia.org)
  • In human development, the term fetus is used instead of embryo after the ninth week after conception, whereas in zebrafish, embryonic development is considered finished when a bone called the cleithrum becomes visible. (wikipedia.org)
  • MLL3 (KMT2C) and MLL4 (KMT2D), the major mammalian H3K4me1 methyltransferases, are critical for enhancer activation and cell-type-specific transcription during development and cell differentiation. (nih.gov)
  • Using MLL3/4 enzyme-dead single and double knockin mice generated by CRISPR/Cas9, we report that enzymatic activities of MLL3 and MLL4 are redundant during early embryonic development. (nih.gov)
  • Together, our findings highlight a lineage-selective, but enhancer activation-independent, role of MLL3/4 methyltransferase activities in mammalian embryonic development and ESC differentiation. (nih.gov)
  • Thus, by exploiting cadherin codes from different stages of development, lineage-specific stem cells bypass the preimplantation structure to directly assemble a postimplantation embryo. (cam.ac.uk)
  • Stem Cells and Development , 16 (6), 905-919. (psu.edu)
  • Here, we summarize how arterial or venous ECs arise during embryonic development. (bvsalud.org)
  • Sox17 is a key transcriptional regulator of definitive endoderm development, and yet, its genomic targets remain largely uncharacterized. (xenbase.org)
  • The successful generation of EPSCs offers new tools for studying embryonic development, and opens a wealth of avenues for translational research in biotechnology, agriculture, and regenerative medicine. (kumamoto-u.ac.jp)
  • Single-cell RNA-seq identifies a PD-1hi ILC progenitor and defines its development pathway. (kumamoto-u.ac.jp)
  • Here, we consider the metabolism of the early embryo through development, and look at the nutrient milieu within the developing stem cell niche. (conditionmed.org)
  • 2020). This places metabolism at the forefront of development and cell state decisions. (conditionmed.org)
  • Frum T, Ralston A. Visualizing HIPPO Signaling Components in Mouse Early Embryonic Development.Methods Mol Biol. (msu.edu)
  • Cell Polarity in Development and Disease. (msu.edu)
  • Lokken A, Ralston A . The Genetic Regulation of Cell Fate During Preimplantation Mouse Development. (msu.edu)
  • Abstract Early mouse development is characterized by structural and epigenetic changes at the chromatin level while cells progress towards differentiation. (sciencegate.app)
  • Its major objective was to produce a gene expression atlas covering the development of ES cells into all three germ layers (ecto-, meso-, and endoderm) and into somatic cells. (europa.eu)
  • In this regard, tumor cell lines development has been an important tool to study the biological properties of many tumors. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Our lab is interested in understanding cell-lineage differentiation, gene regulation, and how non-coding DNA elements and the 3D architecture of chromosomes contribute to these processes during development and disease. (nih.gov)
  • We are also interested in early mammalian development as a system in which decipher how cells make lineage decisions and how gene-regulatory networks are established. (nih.gov)
  • We will build on decades of lineage-fate experiments and precisely characterized signaling pathways known to regulate early mouse development to understand the contribution of nuclear organization to gene regulation during these early cell fate decisions. (nih.gov)
  • We are also interested in understanding not only how DNA organization impacts cell behavior, and ultimately animal development and health, but also the mechanisms through which DNA folding itself is established and regulated, and which proteins are involved in these processes. (nih.gov)
  • Objectives Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) play an important role in the development and growth of tumor cells. (immune-source.com)
  • The strengths and focus of the Spence lab include using mouse models to study embryonic development of GI and associated organs, and in using 3-dimensional human models to study human development and disease. (aiche.org)
  • Conditional deletion indicates that Dab2 is dispensable for organ development, when the vast majority of the embryonic cells are dab2 null. (biomedcentral.com)
  • However, further studies are required to gain complete understanding of stem cell biology, which is fundamental for the development of successful cell-based therapies 1-3 . (bvsalud.org)
  • Fluorescent reporters distinguish stem cell colony subtypes during somatic cell reprogramming. (msu.edu)
  • Understanding the genetic pathways underlying differentiation of ES cells to somatic cells would contribute to future therapeutic strategies for degenerative diseases such as heart disease, diabetes and Parkinson's. (europa.eu)
  • Although cell shape often predicts spindle orientation, there are numerous examples where this is not the case in somatic cells ( Finegan and Bergstralh, 2019 ). (elifesciences.org)
  • Directly comparing hES cell lines is challenging since all the genetic, environmental and methodological variables complicate the assessments. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Genetic and pharmacological tests have offered insights in to the transcriptional and signaling systems managing lineage decisions in the Cyclosporin C preimplantation embryo. (synanet2020.com)
  • Moreover, the authors performed additional genetic analyses and could show that Can-ELT-3 (driven under the end-3 promotor) may rescue endoderm defects in the C. elegans end-1 end-3 double mutant. (biologists.com)
  • The nematode C. elegans has been a great system to study the principals underlying developmental GRN owing to its defined cell lineage and the extensive genetic tools available for manipulating the GRN. (biologists.com)
  • These antibodies are added to live, unfixed cells in a single-step assay that takes only 30 minutes and has no adverse effects on stemness or proliferation. (genengnews.com)
  • Fluorescent antibodies specific for cell surface markers can be combined with markers of apoptosis, proliferation and protein phosphorylation to determine which cell subsets respond to various stimuli or treatments. (bdbiosciences.com)
  • All of these prominences are produced by the proliferation of the neural crest cells that migrate into the arches from the neural crest during the fourth week of gestation. (medscape.com)
  • Hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) is produced by stromal and mesenchymal cells, and it stimulates epithelial cell proliferation, motility, morphogenesis and angiogenesis in various organs via tyrosine phosphorylation of its cognate receptor, Met. (spandidos-publications.com)
  • This PA is intended to stimulate the application of advances made in developmental biology, stem cell biology, and diabetes to develop new strategies for diabetes therapy, either through cell replacement or regeneration. (nih.gov)
  • 2012)]. In collaboration with other labs, we are now carrying out several experiments to understand the developmental mechanisms of notochord formation at the single-cell level. (oist.jp)
  • Their findings provide a new perspective on the roles of cell polarity and shape in the control of spindle positioning, and are of broad interest to cell and developmental biologists. (elifesciences.org)
  • Simultaneous elimination of both leads to gastrulation failure and early embryonic lethality around E6.5. (nih.gov)
  • Using the early embryonic divisions of the ascidian Phallusia mammillata as a model to investigate mechanisms of unequal cell division, this study convincingly demonstrates that cell shape and cortical domains are cooperating, rather than competing, in order to establish cell size asymmetry, a significant conceptual advance for the field. (elifesciences.org)
  • With these assumptions, the results of simulations successfully describe the biphasic behavior as well as lineage commitment. (lu.se)
  • Fourier transform infrared microspectroscopy identifies early lineage commitment in differentiating human embryonic stem cells. (edu.au)
  • Endoderm commitment is controlled by the TGF-β superfamily member, Nodal, which utilizes the transcription factors, SMAD2/3, SMAD4 and FOXH1, to drive target gene expression. (ca.gov)
  • While the role of Nodal is well defined within the context of endoderm commitment, mechanistically it is unknown how this signal is manifested at binding regions within the genome and how this signal interacts with chromatin state to trigger downstream responses. (ca.gov)
  • We demonstrate that while SMAD2/3, SMAD4 and FOXH1 binding is highly dynamic, there is an optimal signature for driving endoderm commitment. (ca.gov)
  • Nuclear proteomics can inventory these nuclear proteins in differentiating cells and decipher their dynamics during cellular phenotypic commitment. (psu.edu)
  • To establish the importance of specific cell signaling pathways to the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines from LPS-stimulated human monocytes, the NF-B inhibitor, Bay11, the p38 inhibitor, SB203580, the PI3K inhibitor, LY294002, and 607737-87-1 supplier the JNK inhibitor, SP 600125, were added to adherent human monocytes cultured in RPMI 1640 made up of 10% AB+ serum in flat bottom 96 well plates. (morainetownshipdems.org)
  • The FUNGENES project aimed to achieve a detailed basic understanding of stem cell self-renewal and differentiation. (europa.eu)
  • At these sites, which are a compound of stromal cells, extracellular matrix and soluble factors, complex molecular interactions that maintain the essential properties of stem cells occur, such as self-renewal and differentiation into multiple lineages, according to the organism's needs. (bvsalud.org)
  • The resulting fusion of these two cells produces a single-celled zygote that undergoes many cell divisions that produce cells known as blastomeres. (wikipedia.org)
  • Up to the 2-cell embryo, blastomeres remain totipotent (Garner and McLaren, 1974). (conditionmed.org)
  • We show that Sox17 functionally interacts with the canonical Wnt pathway to specify and pattern the endoderm while repressing alternative mesectoderm fates. (xenbase.org)
  • Watts J, Lokken A, Moauro A, Ralston A . Capturing and Interconverting Embryonic Cell Fates in a Dish. (msu.edu)
  • The teratoma assay is also inherently variable, depending on the site of cell inoculation and the mouse strain used. (genengnews.com)
  • Specifically, following the 7 h incubation assay, red blood cells were lysed by the addition of 2.5 mL of ammonium chloride solution (StemCell Technologies) in polystyrene flow tubes. (morainetownshipdems.org)
  • Cell Signaling in Human Monocytes White blood cells collected by apheresis from G-CSF-mobilized normal stem cell donors were obtained from the Stem Cell Assay Laboratory/Hematology Cell Bank of the British Columbia Cancer Agency. (morainetownshipdems.org)
  • Taken together, these studies should significantly accelerate the progression from basic stem cell research to clinical applications. (qscience.com)
  • Stem cell research endeavors to generate specific subtypes of classically defined "cell types. (bvsalud.org)
  • Therefore, after treatment, cells must be quickly fixed and subjected to stronger permeabilization conditions to allow the antibody to enter the nucleus and access the epitope within disrupted molecular complexes. (bdbiosciences.com)
  • Molecular analyses of the epigenome and single-cell transcriptome revealed enrichment for blastomere-specific signature and a dynamic DNA methylome in EPSCs. (kumamoto-u.ac.jp)
  • Ralston A . XEN and the Art of Stem Cell maintenance: Molecular Mechanisms Maintaining Cell Fate and Self-Renewal in Extraembryonic Endoderm Stem (XEN) Cell Lines. (msu.edu)
  • Dr. Yue Wang's laboratory investigates the molecular mechanisms that control the growth transition, particularly how cells establish and maintain the highly polarized hyphal morphogenesis. (a-star.edu.sg)
  • Molecular analyses of the epigenome and single-cell transcriptome reveal enrichment for blastomere-specific signature and a dynamic DNA methylome in expanded potential stem cells. (ox.ac.uk)
  • Tetraploid rescue experiments reveal that lack of β-catenin in the anterior visceral endoderm results in defects in head organizer formation. (biologists.com)
  • Such an approach is highly relevant to regenerative medicine since it allows for a rapid search over the host of possibilities for reprogramming to a stem cell state. (lu.se)
  • During the past decade, regenerative medicine has been the subject of intense interest due, in large part, to our growing knowledge of embryonic stem (ES) cell biology. (psu.edu)
  • The use of various types of stem cells for research purposes to make disease "models" in the lab for regenerative medicine and for "therapies" to cure sick patients for diseases is constantly in the news. (lifeissues.net)
  • ventral pancreatic precursor 1 ( vpp1 ) is a marker gene that is differentially expressed in a cell population within the dorsal endoderm in a pattern partially overlapping with that of hematopoietically expressed homeobox ( hhex ) during gastrulation. (xenbase.org)
  • Ectopic expression of a critical dose of hhex led to a greatly enlarged vpp1 -positive domain and, subsequently, to the formation of giant ventral pancreata, putatively by conversion of intestinal to ventral pancreatic precursor cells. (xenbase.org)
  • vpp1 and hhex display partially overlapping expression in gas - trulating dorsal endoderm and later demarcate ventral pancreatic buds and liver anlagen, respectively. (xenbase.org)
  • if human embryonic, only NIH approved human embryonic stem cell lines may be used) as a source for making pancreatic islets, and to determine the basic mechanisms underlying beta cell regeneration in the adult as a basis for producing new cellular therapies for diabetes. (nih.gov)
  • We've previously shown that PD2/hPaf1 is overexpressed in differentiated pancreatic tumor cells weighed against well-differentiated cells poorly. (ecologicalsgardens.com)
  • Many visible changes in embryonic structure happen throughout gastrulation as the cells that make up the different germ layers migrate and cause the previously round embryo to fold or invaginate into a cup-like appearance. (wikipedia.org)
  • Mouse naive embryonic stem cells have recently been shown to give rise to embryonic and extra-embryonic stem cells capable of self-assembling into post-gastrulation structured stem-cell-based embryo models with spatially organized morphogenesis (called SEMs) 3 . (nature.com)
  • Liver and ventral pancreas develop from neighboring territories within the endoderm of gastrulae. (xenbase.org)
  • We have used conditional gene deletion of mouse β-catenin in Sox17-positive embryonic and extra-embryonic endoderm as well as vascular endothelial progenitors to address the function of canonical Wnt signalling in cell lineage formation and patterning. (biologists.com)
  • Sox17 lineage tracing in the definitive endoderm (DE) shows a cell-autonomous requirement for β-catenin in midgut and hindgut formation. (biologists.com)
  • 2020), Sox17 and β-catenin co-occupy Wnt-responsive en. (xenbase.org)
  • Sox17 and β-catenin co-occupy Wnt-responsive enhancers to govern the endoderm gene regulatory network. (xenbase.org)
  • Here, using genomic approaches and epistasis experiments, we define the Sox17 -governed endoderm GRN in Xenopus gastrulae. (xenbase.org)
  • Our findings establish Sox17 as a tissue -specific modifier of Wnt responses and point to a novel paradigm where genomic specificity of Wnt/β-catenin transcription is determined through functional interactions between lineage-specific Sox TFs and β-catenin/Tcf transcriptional complexes. (xenbase.org)
  • Sox17 -regulated endoderm transcriptome. (xenbase.org)
  • This powerful process generates a subset of endoderm-expressing Sox17 and Hex, both regulators of paracrine signals for cardiogenesis (i.e. (lonza.com)
  • Unlike the mouse placenta, the human placental barrier is organized into a stratified epithelium, where the basal layer, the layer closest to the basement membrane of the chorionic villus, is comprised of cytotrophoblast (CTB) stem cells, which uniformly express the transcription factor p63. (ucsd.edu)
  • While its role in the placenta is less well-understood, our group has found that p63 is exclusively expressed in the CTB stem cells in the placenta and is excluded from more differentiated syncytiotrophoblast (STB) and extravillous trophoblast (EVT). (ucsd.edu)
  • Finally, we have also identified other markers of the CTB stem cell state, and are applying single cell RNA sequencing to explore the heterogeneity of these cells in the human placenta. (ucsd.edu)
  • In fact, HIF plays a major role in differentiation of trophoblast giant cells, cells in the rodent placenta which are equivalent to the invasive extravillous trophoblast (EVT) in the human placenta. (ucsd.edu)
  • Finally, hPSC-derived PGCLCs can be easily purified by virtue of their CXCR4+PDGFRA-GARP- surface-marker profile and single-cell RNA-sequencing reveals that they harbor transcriptional similarities with fetal PGCs. (bvsalud.org)
  • Watts, JL, Ralston, A. The fetal lineage is susceptible to Zika virus infection within days of fertilization. (msu.edu)
  • AFP is a glycoprotein produced by fetal yolk sac elements and is produced by a wide range of cancers , including gastric , liver, and colon adenocarcinoma , as well as extracranial germ cell tumors. (medscape.com)
  • By systematically varying mitotic cell shape, we could modulate the effect of attractive and repulsive polarity domains and consequently generate predicted daughter cell size asymmetries and position. (elifesciences.org)
  • that is, they have the ability to generate other stem cells and perpetuate themselves. (bvsalud.org)
  • At the core of the network reside Oct4, Sox2 and Nanog, into embryonic stem cells [1,2,3,4,5], have made major inroads which form a self-organized core of the TFs maintaining into stem cell biology. (lu.se)
  • These established tools enable new discoveries in fields such as immunology, inflammation and stem cell biology. (bdbiosciences.com)
  • While techniques for cell surface staining are relatively standard, optimal staining for intracellular markers often depends on the biology of the target protein. (bdbiosciences.com)
  • Our study has identified a new experimental model for stem cell biology, namely 'cluster 3', as a subpopulation of TBLCs that can be molecularly defined as near totipotent cells. (sciencegate.app)
  • While western blotting and other methods are useful for the examination of single proteins expressed by entire cell populations, flow cytometry allows the detection of multiple proteins simultaneously at the level of individual cells. (bdbiosciences.com)
  • However, if they are trapped inside the cell, they can be stained as intracellular proteins using protein transport inhibitors such as BD GolgiStop™ (containing monensin) or BD GolgiPlug™ (containing brefeldin A). Cytokines are relatively accessible using the gentle fixation and permeabilization afforded by BD Cytofix/ Cytoperm™ Fixation and Permeabilization Solution. (bdbiosciences.com)
  • Therefore, the expression of embryonic proteins, such as alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) and bhCG, are indicative of malignant germ cell elements. (medscape.com)
  • Neither of these proteins has proven valuable in the diagnosis of pineal parenchymal cell tumors. (medscape.com)
  • Embryonic stem cells (ESCs) maintain self-renewal while ensuring an instant response to differentiation signs but the precise mechanism of the process remains unfamiliar. (ecologicalsgardens.com)
  • Taking advantage of the finding that certain locations in gene expression space are more "stable" (i.e., far more cells are found in these locations than expected by chance) than others, we used a novel framework to build a probabilistic model of the underlying gene regulatory network. (harvard.edu)
  • Here we extend those findings to humans using only genetically unmodified human naive embryonic stem cells (cultured in human enhanced naive stem cell medium conditions) 4 . (nature.com)
  • A Targeted NKX2.1 Human Embryonic Stem Cell Reporter Line Enables Identification of Human Basal Forebrain Derivatives. (edu.au)
  • We have made significant progress during the previous granting period which has resulted in a publication in Genome Research detailing genomic DNA methylation changes in a variety of human embryonic stem cells and their derivatives. (ca.gov)
  • These cells modeled viral infection of human vasculature by Nipah and Hendra viruses, which are extraordinarily deadly (â ¼57%-59% fatality rate) and require biosafety-level-4 containment. (bvsalud.org)
  • 3. developed new embryonic stem cell-based approaches to screening of small candidate molecules for therapeutic applications in human diseases. (europa.eu)
  • Our work was aimed to establish from fresh human pleural mesothelioma samples cell cultures maintaining tumorigenic properties. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Recent advancements in the analysis from the hPAF complicated have revealed different functions of the complicated in human beings act like those of the yPAF complicated including effective transcription elongation mRNA quality control and cell routine regulation. (ecologicalsgardens.com)
  • Cell Viability Assays In parallel studies, whole human blood samples (70 L/well) were collected at the end of the 7 h incubation period to determine the effect of DMSO, DMSO2 and DMS on cell viability using propidium iodide staining. (morainetownshipdems.org)
  • We are now using human primary trophoblast stem cells (TSC) to identify the role of p63 in CTB maintenance and differentiation. (ucsd.edu)
  • 4) how stem cell-based approaches can help us understand disease mechanisms and find potential cure for diseases related to stem cell malfunction (e.g., cancer, aging). (kumamoto-u.ac.jp)
  • What makes characterization challenging is that heterogeneity within a given stem cell population can cause variability in the differentiation into important downstream lineages, such as cardiomyocytes and hepatocytes. (genengnews.com)
  • 16 , 17 In particular, transgenic zebrafish lines that express nfsB in β cells, cardiomyocytes, or other cell types have been established, and their exposure to the metronidazole leads to the targeted loss of these cells. (cdc.gov)
  • HGF was cloned as a growth factor for hepatocytes ( 1 , 2 ), is identical to scatter factor (SF) and was originally discovered as a fibroblast-derived cell motility factor for epithelial cells ( 3 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
  • Adv Anat Embryol Cell Biol. (msu.edu)
  • A fore-hind axis begins within the inner cell mass at the time of implantation. (medscape.com)