• and 3) the responses to directed neural differentiation was made between three NIH registered hES cell lines I3 (TE03), I6 (TE06) and BG01V. (biomedcentral.com)
  • All cell lines differentiated into three embryonic germ lineages in embryoid bodies and into neural cell lineages when cultured in neural differentiation medium. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Under the same neural differentiation-promoting conditions, the ability of each cell line to differentiate into neural progenitors varied. (biomedcentral.com)
  • In the present study, a side-by-side comparison of the ability to maintain an undifferentiated state and to self-renew under standard conditions, the ability to spontaneously differentiate into cell types of three germ layers in embryonic bodies, and directed differentiation under neural differentiation-promoting conditions was made between three NIH registered hESC lines I3, I6 and BG01V. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Neural differentiation of the hESCs is greatly accelerated after application of the acoustic stimulations. (northumbria.ac.uk)
  • Acceleration mechanisms for neural differentiation have been explored by bulk RNA sequencing, quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) and immunostaining. (northumbria.ac.uk)
  • These results indicate that the SAW stimulation accelerated neural differentiation process. (northumbria.ac.uk)
  • However, current methods of neural differentiation are empirical and relatively inefficient. (dundee.ac.uk)
  • The authors showed that the expression of RYBP and YAF2 decreased and increased, respectively, during neural differentiation of ESCs. (stemcellsciencenews.com)
  • Rybp knockout impaired neural differentiation by activating Wnt signaling and derepressing nonneuroectoderm-associated genes. (stemcellsciencenews.com)
  • S4+) cell population in the early stage of neural differentiation. (liveconscience.com)
  • Our results demonstrate that expression of the pluripotent factor Oct4 is usually progressively downregulated and is accompanied by the gradual upregulation of neural genes whereas the pluripotent factor Sox2 is usually consistently expressed at high levels indicating that these pluripotent factors may play different roles in the regulation of neural differentiation. (liveconscience.com)
  • The identification of TR-S4+ cells provides a cell model for further elucidation of the molecular mechanisms underlying hESC neural differentiation. (liveconscience.com)
  • The neural differentiation experiments were repeated several times in both H1 and H7 hESC lines and the sequential loss of the Tra-1-81 and SSEA4 antigens was reproducible although the timing of the disappearance of each antigen varied slightly between experiments depending on the initial seeding density. (liveconscience.com)
  • Physique 1 Sequential loss of Tra-1-81 and SSEA4 expression during neural differentiation of hESCs. (liveconscience.com)
  • Furthermore a previous report using stromal-feeder based neural differentiation protocol. (liveconscience.com)
  • We provide detailed protocols for lentiviral transduction, neural differentiation, and subsequent analysis of human embryonic stem cells. (lu.se)
  • However, the possible differences in proliferation and differentiation capabilities among independently-derived human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) are not well known because of insufficient characterization. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) possess the ability to self-renew in an undifferentiated state in culture while retaining the ability to differentiate into all of the cell types in the human body. (biomedcentral.com)
  • These unique capabilities make hESCs a renewable source of a wide range of cell types for potential use in research and cell-based drug screening and therapies for many diseases. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) and their derived products offer great promise for targeted therapies and drug screening, however, the hESC differentiation process of mature neurons is a lengthy process. (northumbria.ac.uk)
  • Different types of hESCs derived cell products can be used for cell therapy procedures aiming to regenerate functional tissues in patients who suffer from various degenerative diseases. (northumbria.ac.uk)
  • Accelerating the hESCs' differentiation process can considerably benefit the clinical utilization of these cells. (northumbria.ac.uk)
  • This study develops a highly effective acoustic stimulator working at ∼20 MHz to investigate what roles do acousto-mechanical stimuli play in the differentiation of hESCs. (northumbria.ac.uk)
  • As a newly discovered acylation modification, crotonylation of non-histone proteins remains largely unexplored, particularly in human embryonic stem cells (hESCs). (bioinfor.com)
  • Finally, we used knocked-down hESCs by shRNA, wild GAPDH and GAPDH mutants to explore potential role of GAPDH crotonylation in regulating human embryonic stem cell differentiation and metabolic switch. (bioinfor.com)
  • We further discovered GAPDH as a key glycolytic enzyme regulated by crotonylation during endodermal differentiation from hESCs. (bioinfor.com)
  • Crotonylation of GAPDH decreased its enzymatic activity thereby leading to reduced glycolysis during endodermal differentiation from hESCs. (bioinfor.com)
  • One of the challenges in studying early differentiation of human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) is being able to discriminate the initial differentiated cells from the original pluripotent stem cells and their committed progenies. (liveconscience.com)
  • Human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) derived from the ICM of blastocysts are capable of self-renewal in culture indefinitely and meanwhile retain the developmental pluripotency of the embryonic founder cells having the potential to differentiate into all the cells and tissues in a human body [3]. (liveconscience.com)
  • Cell replacement using human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) derivatives may offer new therapeutic opportunities to replace degenerated neurons and repair damaged circuits. (lu.se)
  • Given this, human pluripotent stem cells, such as human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) and induced pluripo- tent stem cells (hiPSCs), have become a unique cell source for study- ing early human brain development. (lu.se)
  • These analyses revealed that mESCs co-cultured with HepG2 cells showed a decrease in pluripotency gene expression concomitant with up-regulation of endodermal genes. (ca.gov)
  • We discuss what is known about the distinct metabolic states captured in vitro by the 2-cell-like, naïve, blastocyst-like, formative, and primed states of pluripotency. (conditionmed.org)
  • We explore the recently described metabolic surge event that occurs as pluripotency is lost and stem cells commit to differentiate. (conditionmed.org)
  • To establish protocols for the safe and efficient differentiation of healthy cells for therapies, we must develop a better understanding of the dynamic continuum of metabolic states that span pluripotency and differentiation, and how to influence them. (conditionmed.org)
  • Here, we describe how another defining property of ES cells, their demonstrable pluripotency, may be harnessed for their directed differentiation along the DC pathway, enabling the generation of limitless numbers of DC faithfully expressing candidate genes of interest. (ox.ac.uk)
  • Background: Recent studies have associated the transcription factors, Oct4, Sox2 and Nanog as parts of a self-regulating network which is responsible for maintaining embryonic stem cell properties: self renewal and pluripotency. (lu.se)
  • Also, under/over-expression studies of the master regulator Oct4 have revealed that some self-renewal/pluripotency as well as differentiation genes are expressed in a biphasic manner with respect to the concentration of Oct4. (lu.se)
  • TFs being expressed and the downstream differentiation target been established as candidates to regulate both pluripotency and genes being shut off [11]. (lu.se)
  • It confers pluripotency on embryonic stem cells and prevents their differentiation towards extraembryonic ENDODERM and trophectoderm (TROPHOBLAST) CELL LINEAGES. (bvsalud.org)
  • abstract = "Evidence exists that cells of mesenchymal origin show a differentiation plasticity that depends on their differentiation state. (uni-luebeck.de)
  • abstract = 'Mitochondrial dysfunction has been demonstrated to result in premature aging due to its effects on stem cells. (ku.dk)
  • abstract = "Pluripotent embryonic stem cells can give rise to neuroectodermal derivatives in culture. (dundee.ac.uk)
  • abstract = "Components of the extracellular matrix (ECM) have recently been shown to influence stem cell specification. (umn.edu)
  • We investigated the role of crotonylation in hESC differentiation by introduce crotonate into the culture medium of GFP tagged LTR7 primed H9 cell and extended pluripotent stem cell lines. (bioinfor.com)
  • The molecular events leading to human embryonic stem cell (hESC) differentiation are the subject of considerable scrutiny. (northwestern.edu)
  • These findings reveal a set of cellular changes that may represent the earliest markers of in vitro hESC transition to an epithelial phenotype, before the induction of gene expression networks that guide hESC differentiation. (northwestern.edu)
  • mEScell growth and differentiation on PLDLA-co-TMC membrane, demonstrated the cyto compatibility of this polymer, and provided evidence of minimal to no toxicity on the cells, allowing adhesion and cell proliferation, as well as differentiation into cardiomyocytes. (jscimedcentral.com)
  • We investigated the effect of 5-azacytidine (5-aza) on P19 cells to differentiate into a high-efficacy cardiomyocytes. (korea.ac.kr)
  • This study has demonstrated that 5-aza induces differentiation of P19 cells into cardiomyocytes in a confluent monolayer culture in the absence of prior embryoid formation and dimethyl sulfoxide exposure, depending in part on alteration of BMP signaling molecules. (korea.ac.kr)
  • Furthermore, we combined endogenous fluorescence imaging and SHG with antibody labeling of cardiomyocytes to examine the spatial relationship between Eln and ColI accumulation and cardiomyocyte differentiation. (umn.edu)
  • the EST, which assesses the effects of compounds on the differentiation of mouse embryonic stem cells into contracting cardiomyocytes, can be used to rank the potency of chemicals within a series of alkoxyacetic acid metabolites formed from The implementation of the European REACH (Registration, glycol ethers. (cdc.gov)
  • Fig. 3: Single-cell transcriptomics of dorsal and ventral MiSTR tissues. (nature.com)
  • Mouse embryonic stem (ES) cells are pluripotent cells, meaning that they can give rise to all tissues in the body. (utexas.edu)
  • The fertilized oocyte is totipotent, with resultant blastomeres capable of generating all three primary germ layers, ectoderm, mesoderm, and endoderm, in addition to the extra embryonic tissues. (conditionmed.org)
  • Introduction The developmental processes of many organs and tissues in an embryo originate from the pluripotent cells of the inner cell mass (ICM) in the blastocyst. (liveconscience.com)
  • Therefore they provide not only a potential source of specialized cells for regenerative therapies but also a valuable model to study early human development particularly as the direct study of early human embryo development is usually severely hampered by the inability to obtain adequate amounts of tissues at all developmental stages. (liveconscience.com)
  • Notch-1, Jagged-1, Jagged-2, and stem cell marker Nanog are expressed in SHED cultured in KGM which may be involved in the differentiation into epithelial-like cells in human dental pulp tissues. (bvsalud.org)
  • Stem cells from human exfoliated deciduous teeth (SHED) are multipotent stem cells derived from the pulp tissues of extracted deciduous teeth 1 . (bvsalud.org)
  • Notch signaling pathway is also involved in the regulation of epithelial cell differentiation in various tissues 5-6 . (bvsalud.org)
  • Cilia participate in signaling pathways that transmit information within and between cells and are important for the development and function of many types of cells and tissues, including cells in the kidneys and liver and the light-sensitive tissue at the back of the eye (the retina). (medlineplus.gov)
  • Some researchers suggest that disrupted intraflagellar transport prevents signaling through the Sonic Hedgehog pathway, which could impact cell growth and other functions in several tissues throughout the body. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Finally, there is a discussion about the mechanisms behind the self-renewal and differentiation of stem cells and the role of stem cells in renewal of the body's tissues. (lu.se)
  • Monkeys have served as one of the most valuable models for understanding DNA methylation dynamics during early embryogenesis in human due to their similarities in genetics and early embryonic development 17 , 18 . (nature.com)
  • Embryonic stem cells (ESC) are both a potential source of cells for tissue replacement therapies and an accessible tool to model early embryonic development. (ox.ac.uk)
  • This review details what is currently known about nuclear effectors of stem cell differentiation and describes emerging techniques in the discovery of nuclear proteomics that will illuminate new transcription factors and modulators of gene expression. (psu.edu)
  • However, a profound variation in colony morphology, growth rate, BrdU incorporation, and relative abundance of gene expression in undifferentiated and differentiated states of the cell lines was observed. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Our results show that acoustic dose alters the extracellular matrix and physiological activity-related gene expression, which indicates that the acoustic stimulation is an important tool for regulating the stem cells' differentiation processes in cell therapy. (northumbria.ac.uk)
  • The results showed that the space microgravity environment provided favorable conditions for the 3D growth and maintenance of stemness of mouse embryonic stem cells, and stem cells cultured in space showed a better 3D growth mode than on the ground and maintained a higher level of pluripotent gene expression. (pdnews.cn)
  • Size-controlled EBs maintained at different rotary orbital speeds exhibited similar morphological features and gene expression profiles, consistent with ESC differentiation. (gladstone.org)
  • However, perturbations in the hydrodynamic environment also led to subtle changes in differentiation toward certain lineages, including temporal modulation of gene expression, as well changes in the relative efficiencies of differentiated phenotypes, thereby highlighting important tissue engineering principles that should be considered for implementation in bioreactor design, as well as for directed ESC differentiation. (gladstone.org)
  • Analysis of single-cell RNA-seq profiles demonstrated that this heterogeneity correlates with gene expression during differentiation. (huji.ac.il)
  • Instead, they show a severely compromised capacity for successful differentiation towards neural or mesodermal fates and failed to correctly initiate lineage-specific gene expression in vitro. (ox.ac.uk)
  • Enhancers are essential in defining cell fates through the control of cell-type-specific gene expression. (biomedcentral.com)
  • ES cells give rise to cell lineages from the three primordial germ layers - endoderm, mesoderm, and ectoderm. (psu.edu)
  • A unique and essential property of embryonic stem cells is the ability to self-renew and differentiate into multiple cell lineages. (biomedcentral.com)
  • S4+ cells are able to produce cells of both neural and non-neural lineages depending on ARQ 197 their environmental cues. (liveconscience.com)
  • SHED has the ability to be differentiated to specific cell lineages such as odontoblasts and osteoblasts as well as epithelial like cells. (bvsalud.org)
  • It is also essential to understand how the inherited variation in the sex, stage, quality and genetic background of embryos, as well as environmental influences such as derivation methods and passage procedures can affect the ability of hES cell lines to self-renew and differentiate. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Here, we show that embryonic stem cells differentiate into chondrocytes, which progressively develop into hypertrophic and calcifying cells. (uni-luebeck.de)
  • This stem cell will further mature and differentiate to form a group of hematopoietic stem cells resembling a cluster of grapes. (pdnews.cn)
  • However, there is also evidence to suggest that undifferentiated cells can both sense the mechanical properties of their environment and differentiate accordingly. (ox.ac.uk)
  • As development ARQ 197 proceeds these cells gradually acquire specialized traits becoming committed to specific fates and losing their potential to differentiate into other cell types. (liveconscience.com)
  • SHED was able to differentiate into epithelial like cells when cultured in keratinocyte growth medium (KGM) 2 . (bvsalud.org)
  • We used in vitro differentiation of embryonic stem cells through embryoid bodies as a model to analyze chondrogenic and osteogenic differentiation because embryonic stem cells recapitulate early embryonic developmental phases during in vitro differentiation. (uni-luebeck.de)
  • Finally, we demonstrated that osteogenic differentiation of ESCs was enhanced on stiff substrates compared to soft substrates, illustrating that the mechanical environment can play a role in both early and terminal ESC differentiation. (ox.ac.uk)
  • This screen is capable of analyzing the expression of 48 genes simultaneously across dozens of different samples, and our gene list covers all three germ layers that arise during normal embryonic development, the trophectoderm, and epigenetic regulators of chromatin status. (utexas.edu)
  • The blastocyst comprises the inner cell mass (ICM), which gives rise to the three primary germ layers and consequently the fetus, and the trophectoderm (TE), which gives rise to the extraembryonic and placental tissue. (conditionmed.org)
  • Our signature-based screen established several categories of genes based on their comparative functions during the differentiation of ES cells. (utexas.edu)
  • Promoters of genes associated with oxidative phosphorylation are preferentially remethylated at the 8-cell stage, suggesting that this mode of energy metabolism may not be favored. (nature.com)
  • Lei said that in the next phase, the research team needs to conduct comprehensive detection and analysis of this group of hematopoietic stem cells, and screen out the relevant genes affecting the early hematopoiesis differentiation of human pluripotent stem cells in the space environment by comparing with the ground control group. (pdnews.cn)
  • Similarly, several genes expressed in the primitive streak during gastrulation and implicated in early mesendoderm differentiation, such as Brachyury, Mixl1 and Eomes, were upregulated in cell cultures on stiffer compared to softer substrates. (ox.ac.uk)
  • This gain occurred largely in enhancer regions that regulate genes critical for differentiation. (huji.ac.il)
  • PCGF6-PRC1 bound loci are highly enriched for promoters of germ cell-related genes in mouse embryonic stem cells (ESCs). (ox.ac.uk)
  • Conditional ablation of Pcgf6 in ESCs leads to robust de-repression of such germ cell-related genes, in turn affecting cell growth and viability. (ox.ac.uk)
  • PCGF6 thus links sequence specific target recognition by the MAX/MGA complex to PRC1-dependent transcriptional silencing of germ cell-specific genes in pluripotent stem cells. (ox.ac.uk)
  • Here we show that Jarid2 is a novel subunit of PRC2 that is required for the co-recruitment of PRC1 and RNAP to genes that regulate development in ES cells. (ox.ac.uk)
  • Jarid2-deficient ES cells showed reduced H3K4me2/me3 and H3K27me3 marking and PRC1/PRC2 recruitment, and did not efficiently establish Ser 5-phosporylated RNAP at target genes. (ox.ac.uk)
  • ES cells lacking Jarid2, in contrast to previously characterized PRC1 and PRC2 mutants, did not inappropriately express PRC2 target genes. (ox.ac.uk)
  • Collectively, these data indicate that transcriptional priming of bivalent genes in pluripotent ES cells is Jarid2-dependent, and suggests that priming is critical for subsequent multi-lineage differentiation. (ox.ac.uk)
  • The model also predicts that reprogramming the network from a differentiated state, in particular the endoderm state, into a stem cell state, is best achieved by over-expressing Nanog, rather than by suppression of differentiation genes such as Gata-6. (lu.se)
  • The WT1 protein mediates the mesenchymal-epithelial transition and differentiation during morphogenesis of the kidney and gonad by repressing genes that encode cell proliferation factors and by activating genes that encode markers of epithelial cell differentiation. (medscape.com)
  • Embryonic stem cells (ESC) provide a great therapeutic potential for cardiac tissue. (jscimedcentral.com)
  • The P19 embryonal carcinoma cell line is a useful model cells for studies on cardiac differentiation. (korea.ac.kr)
  • In response to 1 μM of 5-aza, P19 cells expressed bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2), BMP-4, Bmpr1a and Smad1 at day 6 or 9, and also cardiac markers such as GATA-4, Nkx2.5, cardiac troponin I, and desmin were up-regulated in a time-dependent manner after induction of BMP signaling molecules. (korea.ac.kr)
  • These results suggest that 5-aza treatment could be used as a new method for cardiac differentiation in P19 cells. (korea.ac.kr)
  • Ten-Eleven Translocation Ablation Impairs Cardiac Differentiation of Mouse Embryonic Stem Cells. (bvsalud.org)
  • Herein, we utilized a CRISPR /Cas9 based genome editing method to generate single, double, and triple Tet-deficient mouse ESCs ( mESCs ) and differentiated these cells toward cardiac progenitors. (bvsalud.org)
  • emGFP) expression under the control of Nkx2.5 promoter as marker for cardiac progenitor cells , we discovered that Tet1 and Tet2 depletion significantly impaired mESC -to-cardiac progenitor differentiation. (bvsalud.org)
  • Single-cell RNA-seq analysis further revealed that Tet deletion resulted in the accumulation of mesoderm progenitors to hamper cardiac differentiation. (bvsalud.org)
  • Dead Cas9 (dCas9)-Tet1CD mediated loci-specific epigenome editing at the Hand1 loci validated the direct involvement of Tet-mediated epigenetic modifications in transcriptional regulation during cardiac differentiation. (bvsalud.org)
  • Our study establishes that Tet-mediated epigenetic remodeling is essential for maintaining proper transcriptional outputs to safeguard mESC -to-cardiac progenitor differentiation. (bvsalud.org)
  • The orderly migration of PGCs from their extra-embryonic origin in all vertebrates to the developing gonadal anlagen is essential to insure the future fertility of the species. (cdc.gov)
  • Here, we model early human neural tube development using human embryonic stem cells cultured in a microfluidic device. (nature.com)
  • This has catalyzed research in both early embryogenesis as a model system for mammalian development as well as regenerative medicine as a renewable source of unspecialized cells which can be converted into nearly any cell type required by a patient. (utexas.edu)
  • Among the current biomaterial applications, the use of biopolymers as cell scaffolds could aid the development of stem cell-based therapies aimed at replacing tissue loss due to injuries or diseases, such as during myocardial infarction. (jscimedcentral.com)
  • Stem Cells and Development , 16 (6), 905-919. (psu.edu)
  • However, robust and large-scale genome-wide reprogramming of DNA methylome occurs during two critical developmental processes: (1) development of primordial germ cells and (2) pre-implantation embryogenesis. (nature.com)
  • Furthermore, due to ethical and legal concerns, very limited techniques can be applied to human embryos to validate some of significant conclusions drawn from descriptive studies regarding human embryonic development. (nature.com)
  • Statement of significance: Human embryonic stem cells (hESC) are used for investigating the complex mechanisms involved in the development of specialized biological cells and organs. (northumbria.ac.uk)
  • Here, we consider the metabolism of the early embryo through development, and look at the nutrient milieu within the developing stem cell niche. (conditionmed.org)
  • 2020). This places metabolism at the forefront of development and cell state decisions. (conditionmed.org)
  • The developing embryo, from which pluripotent stem cells originate, undergoes a series of dynamic metabolic transitions synchronized to its molecular development. (conditionmed.org)
  • It is only through understanding embryonic metabolism and development that we can derive and maintain different in vitro stem cell states for disease modeling and therapies. (conditionmed.org)
  • Link to all annotated objects annotated to regulation of cell differentiation involved in embryonic placenta development. (planteome.org)
  • Before considering these cells further, it is of utmost physiological importance to consider that these cells arise, during embryonic development, from local gut mesenchyme -- NOT neural crest cells. (wikipedia.org)
  • Our results suggest a fundamental role for mechanosensing in mammalian development and illustrate that the mechanical environment should be taken into consideration when engineering implantable scaffolds or when producing therapeutically relevant cell populations in vitro. (ox.ac.uk)
  • For example the development of the central nervous system is initiated following gastrulation by the induction of the neuroectoderm a process by which embryonic cells acquire a neural fate to form a single layer of neuroepithelial cells [1]. (liveconscience.com)
  • Although differentiation of ESCs may not fully recapitulate the development of the embryo increasing evidence demonstrates that their lineage-specific differentiation nonetheless reflects the developmental progression of that cell type 9 days) (Physique 1B). (liveconscience.com)
  • We also find a role for PCGF6 in pre- and peri-implantation mouse embryonic development. (ox.ac.uk)
  • This work provides an important first step for utilizing endogenous optical signals, which can be visualized in living cells, to understand the relationship between the ECM and cardiomyocyte development and sets the stage for future studies of stem cell-ECM interactions and dynamics relevant to stem cells as well as other cell and tissue types. (umn.edu)
  • Stem Cells and Development , 21 (8), 1250-1263. (northwestern.edu)
  • During lymphatic development, Prox1 plays central roles in the differentiation of blood vascular endothelial cells (BECs) into lymphatic endothelial cells (LECs), and subsequently in the maturation and maintenance of lymphatic vessels. (elsevierpure.com)
  • The ectoderm is well around the stomodeum by the fourth week of embryonic development and contributes to the formation of the face and the nasal and oral cavities. (medscape.com)
  • At the early stages of embryonic development, the vertebrate face has a common plan. (medscape.com)
  • In view of these rather inconsistent findings, it appeared necessary, not to immediately further examine the effect of carbaryl on the reproductive system of the adult organism, but rather to ascertain the role of this agent on critical stages in the embryological development of this system during the period of primordial germ cell (PGC) migration and mid-way in embryonic development following sex differentiation. (cdc.gov)
  • In addition, this study will also examine the status of both male and female gonads near the mid-embryonic stage (12 days of incubation) to determine whether any adverse effects on the development and sexual differentiation of the gonad can be induced following a longer term exposure to carbaryl. (cdc.gov)
  • The IFT-A complex is essential for proper regulation of the Sonic Hedgehog signaling pathway, which is important for the growth and maturation (differentiation) of cells and the normal shaping (patterning) of many parts of the body, especially during embryonic development. (medlineplus.gov)
  • In vitro toxicity data of these metabolites derived in the development of validated and accepted in vitro and in silico embryonic stem cell test were used as input in the PBK model to extrapolate in vitro concentration-response curves to predicted approaches is urgently needed. (cdc.gov)
  • Many existing protocols for neuronal differentiation of human pluripotent cells result in heterogeneous cell populations and unsynchronized differentiation, necessitating the development of methods for labeling specific cell populations. (lu.se)
  • The successful generation of beta cells in vitro and regeneration of pancreatic beta cells in vivo will require a thorough understanding of the pathways that direct the normal development and function of these cells. (lu.se)
  • Understanding the mechanisms underlying embryonic beta cell development will be a prerequisite for the development of a universally available cell replacement therapy in diabetes. (lu.se)
  • Furthermore, the course covers the most important processes in early embryo development, such as fertilisation, cell division, establishment of position information, polarity and asymmetries, and formation of body axes and gastrulation as preconditions for extremity development, regeneration and formation of the body's most important organs. (lu.se)
  • Our study reveals especially the transition between hepatic specification and hepatic maturation as dependent on mitochondrial respiration and demonstrates that even though differentiating cells are primarily dependent on glycolysis until induction of hepatocyte maturation, oxidative phosphorylation is essential at all stages of differentiation. (ku.dk)
  • Here, we identified FoxC2 and angiopoietin-2 (Ang2), which play important roles in the maturation of lymphatic vessels, as novel targets of Prox1 in mouse embryonic-stem-cell-derived endothelial cells (MESECs). (elsevierpure.com)
  • Conclusions: The data support the long-term therapeutic potential of ESC-derived human striatal progenitor grafts for the replacement of degenerated striatal neurons in HD and suggest that EE can effectively accelerate the maturation and promote the integration of human striatal cells. (lu.se)
  • To understand the molecular and cellular mechanisms that control beta cell maturation and function in the embryonic and adult pancreas. (lu.se)
  • Differentiation is a complex process involving actions of ES cell core factors, lineage specific regulators, epigenetic modifications, and chromatin remodelers. (utexas.edu)
  • Here we test this model by evaluating the impact of MLL3/4 loss on chromatin and transcription during early differentiation of mouse embryonic stem cells. (biomedcentral.com)
  • After the in vitro differentiation of these embryonic stem cells to embryoid bodies, developing mesodermal progenitors could be separated from those with neuroectoderm potential based on GFP expression. (elsevierpure.com)
  • Benchmarking Single-Cell RNA Sequencing Protocols for Cell Atlas Projects. (crossref.org)
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  • However, current protocols for deriving neurons from human pluripotent stem cells give rise to heterogeneous cell populations both in regard to the temporal aspects and the cellular composition. (lu.se)
  • We provide detailed protocols for the generation of lentiviral vectors, the transduction of hES-cells, and their differentia- tion into neurons. (lu.se)
  • Finally, we provide protocols for analyzing these cells through flow cytometry and immunocytochemistry. (lu.se)
  • To use this knowledge to improve beta cell differentiation protocols. (lu.se)
  • We disproved past misconceptions in the field about the role of Yap1 concerning its function in ES cell self-renewal, showing that like the inner cell mass, Yap1 is dispensable for long-term maintenance in culture. (utexas.edu)
  • Our comparative analysis provides further evidence for similarities and differences between three hESC lines in self-renewal, and spontaneous and directed differentiation. (biomedcentral.com)
  • A homeodomain protein and transcription regulator that functions in BLASTOCYST INNER CELL MASS and EMBRYONIC STEM CELL proliferation and CELL SELF RENEWAL. (bvsalud.org)
  • In this study, we developed a micropatterned co-culture platform for stimulating hepatic differentiation of mouse embryonic stem cells (mESCs). (ca.gov)
  • In the future, this cell culture platform will be further enhanced to enable efficient conversion of mouse and human ESCs to hepatocytes. (ca.gov)
  • In this study, the interaction of mouse embryonic stem cells (mESC) with poly L-co-D, L lactic acid co-trimethylene carbonate (PLDLA-co-TMC) was assessed. (jscimedcentral.com)
  • In the mouse, a transporting epithelium is established around the 8-16-cell stage through a process known as compaction where cell definition is lost and the outer cells of the embryo form tight junctions, giving rise to the blastocyst. (conditionmed.org)
  • In 2017, the research team used the Tianzhou-1 cargo spacecraft to conduct research on the proliferation and differentiation of embryonic stem cells on a mouse. (pdnews.cn)
  • The picture to the right shows an isolated Interstitial cell of Cajal from the Myenteric plexus of the mouse small intestine grown in a primary cell culture. (wikipedia.org)
  • We observed a global gain of CpG methylation primarily in H3K4me1-marked nucleosomes during mouse embryonic stem cell differentiation. (huji.ac.il)
  • We examined the efficacy of utilizing the endogenous optical signals of two important ECM proteins, elastin (Eln), through autofluorescence, and type I collagen (ColI), through second harmonic generation (SHG), during mouse embryonic stem cell differentiation. (umn.edu)
  • miRNA 34a, 100, and 137 modulate differentiation of mouse embryonic stem cells. (nih.gov)
  • For example, mouse thymic epithelial cells react with antibodies for keratin 5, keratin 8, and keratin 14. (wikipedia.org)
  • These antibodies are used as fluorescent markers to distinguish subsets of mouse thymic epithelial cells in genetic studies of the thymus . (wikipedia.org)
  • physiologically based animals because a mouse embryonic stem cell line is used. (cdc.gov)
  • To track differentiating cell populations, reporter cell lines generated by homologous recombination (knock-in) or via BAC transgenes have been widely used in mouse cells (5-8 ). (lu.se)
  • Jmjd3 Controls Mesodermal and Cardiovascular Differentiation of Embryonic Stem Cells. (stembook.org)
  • To investigate the developmental processes that regulate mesoderm induction and specification to the hemangioblast, we generated an embryonic stem cell line with the green fluorescent protein (GFP) targeted to the mesodermal gene, brachyury. (elsevierpure.com)
  • Studies of mESC and hepatic cell adhesion preferences revealed that mESCs required fibronectin for attachment, while hepatic cells (HepG2) preferred collagen (I) substrate and did not adhere to fibronectin. (ca.gov)
  • However, realizing this promise requires novel methods for guiding lineage-specific differentiation of stem cells. (ca.gov)
  • Various strategies involving timely growth factor supplementation, cell co-cultures, and gene transfection are used to drive lineage specific emergence. (psu.edu)
  • Similar uncertainties do Free Two-Day Shipping, Free responsible or academic download Human Embryonic and Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells: Lineage Specific to need robotics, Prime Video, Prime Music, and more. (idealnaja.pl)
  • Plasticity in the Glucagon Interactome Reveals Novel Proteins That Regulate Glucagon Secretion in α-TC1-6 Cells. (nih.gov)
  • These cells subsequently give rise to neural stem and progenitor cells which undergo further differentiation to neurons and glia [2]. (liveconscience.com)
  • The Notch signaling pathway provides important intercellular signaling mechanisms essential for cell fate specification and it regulates differentiation and proliferation of stem or progenitor cells by para-inducing effects 3-4 . (bvsalud.org)
  • An in vitro and in vivo comparison among three different human hepatic stem cell populations. (ca.gov)
  • The Human Cell Atlas. (crossref.org)
  • key to humor download Human Embryonic and to Wish List. (idealnaja.pl)
  • These links are download Human Embryonic and Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells: year, ideas, time drag-and-drop, sentence of the market, etc. (idealnaja.pl)
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  • Here we show the bioenergetics profile of human stem cells of embryonic origin differentiating along the hepatic lineage. (ku.dk)
  • Among them is the first international research on human pluripotent stem cells in vitro hematopoietic differentiation of human embryonic stem cells under space conditions. (pdnews.cn)
  • This can provide more beneficial assistance for the future use of stem cell regeneration to serve human health. (pdnews.cn)
  • From the experimental results, China has successfully achieved the first hematopoietic differentiation of human embryonic stem cells under space conditions, accomplishing its first experimental goal. (pdnews.cn)
  • Human embryonic stem cell differentiation: role of glycosphingolipid structure. (sinica.edu.tw)
  • Aim: To detect the expression of molecules associated with Notch signaling pathway in stem cells from human exfoliated deciduous teeth (SHED) cultured in specific differentiation medium, namely, keratinocyte growth medium (KGM). (bvsalud.org)
  • Stem cells from human exfoliated deciduous teeth (SHED) (ALLCells, Alameda, CA, USA) were employed in the current study. (bvsalud.org)
  • This approach could therefore micromass test, and the embryonic stem cell test (EST) provide a means to reduce the need for animal testing in human risk assessment practices. (cdc.gov)
  • Sozzi E, Nilsson F, Kajtez J, Parmar M, Fiorenzano A. Generation of Human Ventral Midbrain Organoids Derived from Pluripotent Stem Cells . (lu.se)
  • This strategy provides a useful tool for visualization and identification of neural progeny derived from human pluripotent stem cells. (lu.se)
  • Although possible, these strategies are often complicated to transfer to human cells due to technical issues (9 ), and only a few successful cases have been described ( 10, 11 ). (lu.se)
  • Here we describe how this system can be used for human embry- onic stem cells. (lu.se)
  • 5. In 2001, France and Germany requested the United Nations General Assembly to develop international conventions on human reproductive cloning, therapeutic cloning and research on stem cells. (who.int)
  • Embryoid-body-like structures were formed after 6 days with 1 μM of 5-aza in a P19 cell monolayer culture, beating cell clusters first observed on day 12, and, the production of beating cell clusters increased by 80.1% (29 of 36-wells) after 18 days. (korea.ac.kr)
  • Systematic analysis of embryonic stem cell differentiation in hydrodynamic environments with controlled embryoid body size. (gladstone.org)
  • However, previous studies of hydrodynamic cultures have been limited in their ability to distinguish confounding factors that may affect differentiation, including modulation of embryoid body size in response to changes in the hydrodynamic environment. (gladstone.org)
  • In this study, we demonstrate the ability to control and maintain embryoid body (EB) size using a combination of forced aggregation formation and rotary orbital suspension culture, in order to assess the impact of hydrodynamic cultures on ESC differentiation, independent of EB size. (gladstone.org)
  • After finding favorable overlap between antibody labeling and the endogenous fluorescent signal of Eln, we used this endogenous signal to map temporal changes in Eln and ColI during murine embryoid body differentiation and found that Eln increases until day 9 and then decreases slightly by day 12, while Col1 steadily increases over the 12-day period. (umn.edu)
  • In conclusion, micropatterned co-cultures of mESCs and hepatic cells showed a significant promise in driving stem cell differentiation towards hepatic phenotype. (ca.gov)
  • At a terminal differentiation stage, cells expressing an osteoblast-like phenotype appeared either by transdifferentiation from hypertrophic chondrocytes or directly from osteoblast precursor cells. (uni-luebeck.de)
  • EE selectively increased cell differentiation into MSN phenotype and promoted host-to-graft connectivity. (lu.se)
  • In particular, an excess of Cdx2 over Oct4 determines the trophectoderm lineage whereas an excess of Gata-6 over Nanog determines differentiation into the endoderm lineage. (lu.se)
  • Citation: Chickarmane V, Peterson C (2008) A Computational Model for Understanding Stem Cell, Trophectoderm and Endoderm Lineage Determination. (lu.se)
  • These cells are derived from mesoderm. (wikipedia.org)
  • Co-expression of GFP with the receptor tyrosine kinase Flk1 revealed the emergence of three distinct cell populations, GFP - Flk1 - , GFP + Flk1 - and GFP + Flk1 + cells, which represent a developmental progression ranging from pre-mesoderm to prehemangioblast mesoderm to the hemangioblast. (elsevierpure.com)
  • The mesenchyme that fills the pharyngeal arches is derived from the following 3 origins: the paraxial mesoderm, the lateral plate mesoderm, and the neural crest cells. (medscape.com)
  • Although paraxial mesoderm and lateral plate mesoderm contribute to the musculature that develops in each particular arch, neural crest cells contribute to the skeletal portion of each arch. (medscape.com)
  • These cells originate from the paraxial mesoderm and migrate into the facial primordia. (medscape.com)
  • This potential could be harnessed to generate neurons and glia for cell-replacement therapies in the central nervous system and for use in drug discovery. (dundee.ac.uk)
  • Experts said that the unique space microgravity environment may be a new way to maintain undifferentiated proliferation of stem cells, enhance the efficiency of induced differentiation, and improve the level of three-dimensional tissue construction. (pdnews.cn)
  • During the past decade, regenerative medicine has been the subject of intense interest due, in large part, to our growing knowledge of embryonic stem (ES) cell biology. (psu.edu)
  • At the core of the network reside Oct4, Sox2 and Nanog, into embryonic stem cells [1,2,3,4,5], have made major inroads which form a self-organized core of the TFs maintaining into stem cell biology. (lu.se)
  • Combining cell biology and electrophysiology, his work has the potential to create personalized disease models for future research. (lu.se)
  • On completion of the course, the students shall be able to · reflect on societal opportunities and consequences arising from developmental biology research and knowledge, and discuss these with individuals in the same education cycle · reflect on current scientific challenges and ethical issues in developmental and stem cell biology research and how this influences society in general. (lu.se)
  • The whole course is based on five week-long modules on selected subjects related to issues concerning developmental biology and stem cells. (lu.se)
  • In 1-cell and 2-cell embryos Dnmt1s is derived from the oocyte, whereas from the 2-cell stage onward the embryo starts to synthesize its own Dnmt1s 8 . (nature.com)
  • 2019). Akin to the dynamic nutrient requirements of the developing embryo, discrete in vitro cell states have distinct metabolic profiles (Zhou et al. (conditionmed.org)
  • Up to the 2-cell embryo, blastomeres remain totipotent (Garner and McLaren, 1974). (conditionmed.org)
  • 2. Nuclear transfer is a technique used to duplicate genetic material by creating an embryo through the transfer and fusion of a diploid cell in an enucleated female oocyte.2 Cloning has a broader meaning than nuclear transfer as it also involves gene replication and natural or induced embryo splitting (see Annex 1). (who.int)
  • The approach, named microfluidic-controlled stem cell regionalization (MiSTR), exposes pluripotent stem cells to signaling gradients that mimic developmental patterning. (nature.com)
  • The clonal analysis confirmed that the chondrogenic cells change their developmental fate at least into the adipogenic lineage. (uni-luebeck.de)
  • Jarid2 is a PRC2 component in embryonic stem cells required for multi-lineage differentiation and recruitment of PRC1 and RNA Polymerase II to developmental regulators. (ox.ac.uk)
  • Developmental Cell. (lu.se)
  • Knowledge on the expression analysis of Notch signaling pathway molecules in SHED cultured in KGM could highlight its involvement in controlling the biological activity of these stem cells, particularly during odontogenesis and other developmental process. (bvsalud.org)
  • Substrate stiffness affects early differentiation events in embryonic stem cells. (ox.ac.uk)
  • By growing ESCs on flexible polydimethylsiloxane substrates with varying stiffness, we tested the hypothesis that substrate stiffness can influence ESC differentiation. (ox.ac.uk)
  • While cell attachment was unaffected by the stiffness of the growth substrate, cell spreading and cell growth were all increased as a function of substrate stiffness. (ox.ac.uk)
  • ES cells have been an invaluable resource for advancing fundamental understanding of global transcriptional and epigenetic regulations, signaling pathways, and noncoding RNA in mammalian systems. (utexas.edu)
  • During preimplantation stages, differentiation occurs between precursors of embryonic and extraembryonic structures. (medscape.com)
  • However, the molecular mechanisms of how ES cells are differentiated remain much less understood. (utexas.edu)
  • In an interview with CCTV News, Lei Xiaohua, a researcher at the Institute of Biomedicine and Technology of Chinese Academy of Sciences, stated that the taikonauts aboard the Shenzhou-15 have successfully differentiated a hematopoietic stem cell similar to a cobblestone in orbit. (pdnews.cn)
  • A fore-hind axis begins within the inner cell mass at the time of implantation. (medscape.com)
  • These findings further strengthen the view that standardized selection strategies will be necessary to obtain defined cell populations for therapeutic applications. (uni-luebeck.de)
  • The individual facial primordia are populated by neural crest cell populations that arise in different regions of the head neural folds. (medscape.com)
  • Here we describe how microRNA-regulated lentiviral vectors can be used to visualize specific cell populations by exploiting endogenous microRNA expression patterns. (lu.se)
  • The acoustic stimulator fabricated by using the PCB is a promising tool in regulation of stem cell differentiation process applied in cell therapy. (northumbria.ac.uk)
  • The transitional zone between "specified" pluripotent and differentiated cells displays significant up-regulation of keratin-18 (CK18) along with a decrease in the functional activity of gap junctions and the down-regulation of 2 gap junction proteins, connexin 43 (Cx43) and connexin 45 (Cx45), which is coincidental with substantial elevation of intracellular Ca2+ levels. (northwestern.edu)
  • In clonal cultures of chondrocytes isolated from embryoid bodies, additional mesenchymal cell types expressing adipogenic properties were observed, which suggests that the subcultured chondrocytes indeed exhibit a certain differentiation plasticity. (uni-luebeck.de)
  • Single-Cell Transcriptomics Reveals that Differentiation and Spatial Signatures Shape Epidermal and Hair Follicle Heterogeneity. (crossref.org)
  • Directing hepatic differentiation of embryonic stem cells with protein microarray-based co-cultures. (ca.gov)
  • The WDR19 gene (also known as IFT144 ) provides instructions for making a protein that is involved in the formation and maintenance of cilia, which are microscopic, finger-like projections that stick out from the surface of cells. (medlineplus.gov)
  • The WT1 protein is a transcription factor predominantly expressed in the embryonic kidneys and gonads. (medscape.com)
  • ICC and another type of interstitial cell, known as platelet-derived growth factor receptor alpha (PDGFRα) cells, are electrically coupled to smooth muscle cells via gap junctions, that work together as an SIP functional syncytium. (wikipedia.org)
  • Therefore, a central goal of diabetes research is to regenerate pancreatic beta cells or produce large numbers of functional beta cells for transplantation into diabetic patients. (lu.se)