• Recording and contextualizing the science of embryos, development, and reproduction. (asu.edu)
  • Later, Leibo and his team accomplished one of the first successful births using previously-frozen mammalian embryos. (asu.edu)
  • To simulate what happens to fetuses when e-cigarettes are used during pregnancy, the researchers exposed frog embryos and samples of mammalian neural crest cells to saline infused with e-cigarette vapor. (neurosciencenews.com)
  • These abnormalities were less frequent in transgenic zebrafish embryos expressing rat αA-crystallin suggesting a specific role of α-crystallins in embryonic lens development. (nih.gov)
  • Now, two groups of researchers, led by scientists at the Weizmann Institute in Israel and Cambridge University, U.K., have taken the in vitro development of whole mouse embryos further, by adding or inducing the differentiation of trophoblast cells and extra-embryonic endoderm stem cells. (bioworld.com)
  • My laboratory has developed new technologies and applied them towards understanding the molecular biology and enzymology of DNA replication in animal cells and viruses (SV40, polyomavirus, papillomavirus, and herpes simplex virus), and at the beginning of animal development (mouse preimplantation embryos and frog eggs). (nih.gov)
  • When nonhuman mammalian development is compared with human development, the study subjects must be compared at the same developmental stage (fetal, perinatal, postnatal) When collected appropriately, data from experimental studies of nonhuman mammalian embryos elucidate important aspects of human facial development. (medscape.com)
  • After intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI), 48 embryos were evaluated on day 3 of their development, according to their cell number. (who.int)
  • In vivo and in organized cells, and proper symmetry are healthy individuals, macrophages can characteristics of higher-quality embryos, which phagocytize DNA that has been passively point to healthy development and higher rates of released into the blood from apoptotic or necrotic implantation. (who.int)
  • In order to find out which genes of a cell were active at a certain point of development, the scientists examined the transcriptome. (mpg.de)
  • Published in the journal Genes & Development , the study shows that breast cancer cells expressing mainly CD44s have increased metastatic behavior and resistance to therapy, while those expressing CD44v do not associate with these behaviors but do present increased cell proliferation. (sciencedaily.com)
  • Moreover, we find that the distal NDRs are enriched specifically for binding motifs of the pluripotency and germ cell master regulators such as NANOG, SOX17, AP2γ and OCT4 in human FGCs, indicating the existence of a delicate regulatory balance between pluripotency-related genes and germ cell-specific genes in human FGCs, and the functional significance of these genes for germ cell development in vivo . (nature.com)
  • In both species, the same processes and genes govern major developmental events, such as craniofacial development. (neurosciencenews.com)
  • We want to answer how the environmental stimulus of vaping affects changes in the genes that are critical for facial development. (neurosciencenews.com)
  • More than 900 miRNAs are encoded in the human genome and comprise approximately 2% of all mammalian genes. (iptoday.com)
  • By coordinating the expression of multiple genes, miRNAs are responsible for guiding proper embryonic development, immunity, inflammation, as well as cellular growth and proliferation. (iptoday.com)
  • The fact that the DNA of a fully differentiated (adult) cell could be stimulated to revert to a condition comparable to that of a newly fertilized egg and to repeat the process of embryonic development demonstrates that all the genes in differentiated cells retain their functional capacity, although only a few are active. (who.int)
  • Next, the importance of embryonic developmental genes such as homeobox and T-box transcription factors are highlighted in conduction system development and function. (medscape.com)
  • In developmental biology, animal embryonic development, also known as animal embryogenesis, is the developmental stage of an animal embryo. (wikipedia.org)
  • The zygote undergoes mitotic divisions with no significant growth (a process known as cleavage) and cellular differentiation, leading to development of a multicellular embryo after passing through an organizational checkpoint during mid-embryogenesis. (wikipedia.org)
  • Mouse is a well-established model for the study of mammalian embryology, and parallel comparison between mouse and human samples can be very informative and lead to a better understanding of human embryogenesis. (nature.com)
  • Research over the past decade has shown embryonic stem cells can undergo many disparate aspects of mammalian embryogenesis in vitro. (bioworld.com)
  • Mammalian embryogenesis is a dynamic process involving gene expression and mechanical forces between proliferating cells. (lu.se)
  • To our knowledge, this is the first attempt to combine cell-based spatial mechanical simulations with genetic networks to explain mammalian embryogenesis. (lu.se)
  • This study contributes to the development of fundamental approaches for assessing embryogenesis on the basis of extracted quantitative criteria. (nature.com)
  • We have used conditional gene deletion of mouse β-catenin in Sox17-positive embryonic and extra-embryonic endoderm as well as vascular endothelial progenitors to address the function of canonical Wnt signalling in cell lineage formation and patterning. (biologists.com)
  • Using chromosome conformation capture technologies in conjunction with advanced computational modeling and a range of imaging methods, the center will generate three-dimensional models of the human genome inside fibroblast cells during metaphase and interphase, as well as in embryonic stem cells in undifferentiated and differentiated states. (umassmed.edu)
  • During mammalian development, embryonic stem cells undergo cell-fate decisions to commit to one of three germ layer lineages: ectoderm, mesoderm and endoderm. (harvard.edu)
  • Using a novel iterative framework developed in a companion manuscript, we have analyzed single-cell RNA-seq data obtained from mouse embryonic stem cells taken at various time points during early germ layer differentiation to identify cell types as well as the lineage relationships between these individual cell types. (harvard.edu)
  • The lab utilizes a combination of state-of-the-art genomic, molecular biology, and assisted reproduction techniques across multiple model systems including mice, embryonic stem cells, and C. elegans to understand these questions. (upenn.edu)
  • But without the support of extra-embryonic stem cells that go on to form the placenta and yolk sac, development stalls. (bioworld.com)
  • For this purpose he develops three-dimensional cell-cultures, derived from mammalian stem-cells, which self-organize into brain resembling tissues. (ucsb.edu)
  • Additional studies have shown that the altered expression of miR-34a is important in cancer stem cell development. (iptoday.com)
  • The mechanisms underlying the appearance of asymmetry between cells in the early embryo and consequently the specification of distinct cell lineages during mammalian development remain elusive. (nature.com)
  • These findings can be integrated in a new unified framework that regards the early mammalian embryo as a self-organizing system. (nature.com)
  • The embryo then transforms into the next stage of development, the nature of which varies between different animal species (examples of possible next stages include a fetus and a larva). (wikipedia.org)
  • In animals, the process involves a sperm fusing with an ovum, which eventually leads to the development of an embryo. (wikipedia.org)
  • this is named the embryonic pole, since it indicates the location where the future embryo will develop. (wikipedia.org)
  • The first alpha-globulins to appear in mammalian sera during development of the embryo and the dominant serum proteins in early embryonic life. (curehunter.com)
  • The Casa Matemática Oaxaca (CMO) will host the "Modeling and Engineering of the Mammalian Embryo" workshop in Oaxaca, from June 5 - June 10, 2022. (birs.ca)
  • The mammalian embryo is a paradigm of regulative development and self-organization, making it a fascinating system for quantitative experimentation and analysis and mathematical modeling. (birs.ca)
  • Most of our current knowledge of mammalian embryology is derived from studies of the mouse embryo, leading to astonishing discoveries of self-organizing and emergent properties ("the laws of development") manifest during embryonic development. (birs.ca)
  • increased public sensitivity and awareness together with the development of national regulations of governance of human cloning and embryo research in general. (lifeissues.net)
  • An in-depth analysis aiming at re-defining this terminology according to the new developments in human embryo research would be highly beneficial . (lifeissues.net)
  • This signaling is negatively regulated by Ski, the mammalian homolog of the transforming protein of an avian retrovirus that induces oncogenic transformation of chicken embryo cells, and the related protein SnoN. (thermofisher.com)
  • Thus, embryo development is highly dynamic. (nature.com)
  • Because age-related cellular senescence and type 2 diabetes (T2D) have been recognised as risk factors for CRC development, the recent finding that type 2 diabetic patients present an elevated circulating volume of senescent cells raises the question whether type 2 diabetes facilitates the process of CRC tumorigenesis by inducing premature cell senescence. (frontiersin.org)
  • Mammalian neural crest cells are also ideal models because they have a key role in embryonic facial development. (neurosciencenews.com)
  • Neural crest cells are extremely important in the development of craniofacial structures because they can form many different tissues like bones, cartilage, skin, teeth and glands," Olivares-Navarrete said. (neurosciencenews.com)
  • Highly expressed in the mammalian lens, the α-crystallins have been postulated to play a critical role in the maintenance of lens optical properties by sequestering age-damaged proteins prone to aggregation as well as through a multitude of roles in lens epithelial cells. (nih.gov)
  • In particular, scientific developments in areas such as iPS cells open new possibilities of research and, at mid term, of therapeutic applications, but they also bring new ethical challenges and problems requiring further reflection and debate. (lifeissues.net)
  • At a purely mechanical level, we demonstrate that the perpendicular alignment of the animal-vegetal (a-v) and embryonic-abembryonic (eb-ab) axes is a result of minimizing the total elastic conformational energy of the entire collection of cells constrained by the zona pellucida. (lu.se)
  • Our current research now focuses on two basic, interrelated questions: (1) How do mammalian cells decide where and when to initiate DNA replication? (nih.gov)
  • Failure of mammalian cells to regulate their proliferation cycle leads to cancer. (nih.gov)
  • This protein appears to be essential for the normal development of several kinds of nerve cells, including nerves in the intestine. (medlineplus.gov)
  • DNA methylation is essential for mammalian embryonic and post-natal development. (umich.edu)
  • I will also discuss the development of new drugs and combinations to target abnormal methylation in cancer and present results of small clinical trials in patients to test these approaches. (umich.edu)
  • Here we use nucleosome occupancy and methylation sequencing method to analyze both the genome-wide chromatin accessibility and DNA methylome at a series of crucial time points during fetal germ cell development in both human and mouse. (nature.com)
  • Methylation of mammalian DNA and histone residues are known to regulate transcription, and the discovery of demethylases that remove methylation in DNA and histones provide a basis for the understanding of dynamic regulation of mammalian gene expression. (cmbn.no)
  • Thus, the aspiration for this BIRS workshop is to bring together world-leading embryologists, theoretical physicists, mathematicians and bioengineers, who share common interests in studying the laws of development, to tackle emerging open questions in the field of embryology. (birs.ca)
  • The most common method for investigating embryonic developmental disorders is to concentrate on a single organ system in the mouse and conduct gene knockout studies. (mpg.de)
  • Using gene expression profiling of the developing mouse dorsal telencephalon, we found that the DM domain transcription factor Dmrta2 (doublesex and mab-3-related transcription factor a2) is involved in the development of the dorsal telencephalon. (elsevierpure.com)
  • Homozygotes for a gene trapped allele die throughout fetal growth and development showing pallor and altered placental labyrinth vasculature. (jax.org)
  • GXD's primary emphasis is on endogenous gene expression during development. (jax.org)
  • The goal is to understand how 3D genome structure influences gene expression, cellular function, development and disease. (umassmed.edu)
  • This includes, 1) how small RNAs regulate gene expression in the male germline to support spermatogenesis and fertility, 2) how small RNAs are packaged into mature sperm, 3) how RNAs transmitted during fertilization are able to regulate early embryonic gene expression and development, and 4) how this regulation can alter developmental programs to produce a non-genetically inherited phenotype. (upenn.edu)
  • Changes in either the EDNRB gene or the EDN3 gene disrupt the normal functioning of the endothelin receptor type B or the endothelin 3 protein, preventing them from transmitting signals important for the development of enteric nerves. (medlineplus.gov)
  • TGF-beta is a ubiquitously expressed cytokine that signals through the Smad protein family to regulate numerous cellular processes such as embryonic development and tumorigenesis. (thermofisher.com)
  • In mammals, the term refers chiefly to the early stages of prenatal development, whereas the terms fetus and fetal development describe later stages. (wikipedia.org)
  • Rossant, J. & Tam, P. P. L. Blastocyst lineage formation, early embryonic asymmetries and axis patterning in the mouse. (nature.com)
  • Identification of a novel mammalian endoplasmic reticulum-resident KDEL protein using an EST database motif search. (nih.gov)
  • Regulation of mammalian Notch signaling and embryonic development by the protein O-glucosyltransferase Rumi. (nih.gov)
  • Mammalian hyaluronate-binding protein TSG-6 (or PS4), a serum and growth factor induced protein. (embl.de)
  • Xenopus laevis embryonic protein UVS.2, which is expressed during dorsoanterior development. (embl.de)
  • These findings demonstrate that the role of α-crystallins in lens development is conserved from mammals to zebrafish and set the stage for using the embryonic lens as a model system to test mechanistic aspects of α-crystallin chaperone activity and to develop strategies to fine-tune protein-protein interactions in aging and cataracts. (nih.gov)
  • Our data identify a critical role for the microtubule-severing protein katanin p60 in regulating neuronal progenitor proliferation in vivo during embryonic development and adult neurogenesis. (monash.edu)
  • This age-related inflammation, also referred to as inflammaging, increases the risk for tissue damage and genetic aberrations that cause cellular transformation and cancer development ( 8 , 9 ). (frontiersin.org)
  • Eyal Karzbrun is interested in understanding the collective cellular behaviors, which drive embryonic brain development. (ucsb.edu)
  • Here, we review the current knowledge on telomeric chromatin dynamics during cell division and early development in mammals, and how its proper regulation safeguards genome stability. (nih.gov)
  • Therefore, it is essential to understand the causes and risk factors leading to its development. (frontiersin.org)
  • Because of its magnitude, CRC represents a global health concern and therefore it is essential to understand the causes and risk factors leading to its development. (frontiersin.org)
  • Lin9, a Subunit of the Mammalian DREAM Complex, Is Essential for Embryonic Development, for Survival of Adult Mice, and for Tumor Suppression. (mpg.de)
  • Mammalian oocytes are maintained in meiotic prophase arrest for a very long time-months in mice, years in humans. (wikipedia.org)
  • Development of the mammalian telencephalon is precisely organized by a combination of extracellular signaling events derived from signaling centers and transcription factor networks. (elsevierpure.com)
  • These data suggest that Dmrta2 plays pivotal roles in the early development of the telencephalon via the formation of the cortical hem, a source of Wnts, and also in the maintenance of neural progenitors as a downstream of the Wnt pathway. (elsevierpure.com)
  • The chronological order in which the different neurons of the cortical circuit are born should be preserved in any cortical homologue of non-mammalian species. (bcbl.eu)
  • However, the neurons participating in the sensory circuit of the avian dorsal ventricular ridge were not generated in an equivalent order to that of the mammalian cortical canonical circuit. (bcbl.eu)
  • Other confounders associated with brain injury in preterm infants are difficult to separate from apnea of prematurity as meaningful causes of abnormal child development. (medscape.com)
  • Mutations in the de novo DNA methyltransferase DNMT3A, which is expressed as two isoforms, DNMT3A1 and DNMT3A2, cause abnormal brain development in children and clonal hematopoiesis in older individuals. (umich.edu)
  • As a major divergence, the neocortex governs the mammalian brain with its unique six-layered structure. (bcbl.eu)
  • Address correspondence to: Paolo Giacobini, Laboratory of Development and Plasticity of the Neuroendocrine Brain, Lille Neuroscience & Cognition UMR-S 1172, 1 Place de Verdun, 59045, Lille, France. (jci.org)
  • The role of p60 katanin in the mammalian brain with respect to embryonic and adult neurogenesis is poorly understood. (monash.edu)
  • The development of the human blood-CSF-brain barrier. (cdc.gov)
  • First, I will focus on the differential contribution of external glutamatergic populations to the development of the dorsal pallium, the embryonic structure that generates the neocortex. (bcbl.eu)
  • During preimplantation stages, differentiation occurs between precursors of embryonic and extraembryonic structures. (medscape.com)
  • Although many species produce clonal offspring in this fashion, Dolly, the lamb born in 1996 at a research institute in Scotland, was the first asexually produced mammalian clone. (who.int)
  • Diamino benzidine was the has been reported in mammalian species such as tigers substrate developed as a chromogen. (cdc.gov)
  • Graham, C. F. & Lehtonen, E. Formation and consequences of cell patterns in preimplantation mouse development. (nature.com)
  • 2) What are the requirements for DNA replication and transcription at the beginning of mammalian development? (nih.gov)
  • In the past, our research focused on viral genomes as models for DNA replication in mammalian cell nuclei. (nih.gov)
  • Degeneration and hyalinization of the seminiferous tubules with poor germ cell development is frequently observed. (medscape.com)
  • In all documented biopsied cases, there is a significant decline in germ cell development and an increase in tubular sclerosis by puberty. (medscape.com)
  • Figure 2: The self-organization theory of early mammalian development. (nature.com)
  • People with ovotesticular disorder of sexual development are individuals who have both ovarian and testicular tissue. (medscape.com)
  • However, because of functioning normal ovarian tissue, most people experience breast development at puberty, and approximately two-thirds of those with a 46,XX peripheral karyotype menstruate. (medscape.com)
  • Mammalian complement subcomponents C1s/C1r, which form the calcium-dependent complex C1, the first component of the classical pathway of the complement system. (embl.de)
  • Craniofacial development is an extraordinarily complex process that requires the orchestrated integration of multiple specialized tissues, such as the surface ectoderm, neural crest, mesoderm, and pharyngeal endoderm, in order to generate the central and peripheral nervous systems, axial skeleton, musculature, and connective tissues of the head and face. (medscape.com)
  • When telomeres are not properly controlled, the resulting chromosomal alterations can induce genomic instability and ultimately the development of human diseases, such as cancer. (nih.gov)
  • Cysts mark the early stage of metastatic tumor development in non-small cell lung cancer. (mpg.de)
  • Using transgenic and xenograft models of cancer, scientists at Mirna, as well as leading cancer researchers at academic institutions, have demonstrated that therapeutic candidates featuring the miR-34a sequence significantly inhibit tumor development, tumor growth, and metastasis. (iptoday.com)
  • Close to 100 peer-reviewed publications have detailed the involvement of miR-34 in cancer development. (iptoday.com)
  • Researchers in the Department of Biology in the College of Humanities and Sciences and the Department of Biomedical Engineering in the School of Engineering are the first to investigate whether e-cigarettes could be linked to the development of craniofacial birth defects, said principal investigator Amanda Dickinson, Ph.D., an associate professor in the Department of Biology. (neurosciencenews.com)
  • Embryonic diapause (dormancy) is a state of temporary arrest of embryonic development that is triggered by unfavorable conditions and serves as an evolutionary strategy to ensure reproductive survival. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Genital ambiguity occurs in 1 in 4,500 births, and ovotesticular disorder of sexual development occurs in fewer than 10% of all disorders of sexual development. (medscape.com)
  • The presence of estradiol in developing ovarian follicles usually inhibits spermatogonia development in adjacent or contralateral seminiferous tubules. (medscape.com)
  • The magnitude of this problem resulted in the National Institutes of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD) convening a workshop on apnea of prematurity. (medscape.com)
  • Followup study on the mortality and the development of leukemia in 44 pancytopenic patients with chronic benzene exposure. (cdc.gov)
  • This article briefly highlights the key aspects of facial development. (medscape.com)
  • Understanding the development of the structures of the face also requires knowledge of the pharyngeal or branchial arches. (medscape.com)
  • VCU researchers are investigating the impact vaping while pregnant could have on facial development.NeuroscienceNews.com image is adapted from the VCU news release. (neurosciencenews.com)
  • Spielmann has spent the last two years as postdoc with Jay Shendure and Cole Trapnell at the University of Washington, Seattle, USA, where he worked on the development of a single cell RNA labeling system. (mpg.de)