Embryonic development embryonic cell. Medical search. Frequent questions

Single-cell transcriptomics revealed that rostro-caudal organization was already established at 24 h of differentiation, and that the first markers of a neural-specific transcription program emerged in the rostral cells at 48 h. (nature.com)
It is characterised by the processes of cell division and cellular differentiation of the embryo that occurs during the early stages of development. (wikipedia.org)
The entire process of embryogenesis involves coordinated spatial and temporal changes in gene expression, cell growth and cellular differentiation. (wikipedia.org)
To establish protocols for the safe and efficient differentiation of healthy cells for therapies, we must develop a better understanding of the dynamic continuum of metabolic states that span pluripotency and differentiation, and how to influence them. (conditionmed.org)
Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of cell differentiation that contributes to the progression of the placenta over time, from its initial condition to its mature state. (planteome.org)
Link to all annotated objects annotated to regulation of cell differentiation involved in embryonic placenta development. (planteome.org)
The ability to perform lineage tracing at the single-cell level is critical to reconstructing dynamic transitions during cell differentiation. (biorxiv.org)
Controlled differentiation that can be achieved in tissue committed cells through the co-culturing with basic fibroblast growth factor is expected to induce growth. (grandviewresearch.com)
Initially, all these cells are identical, but soon, they start to form the three germ layers, which represent the first stage of differentiation of the developing embryo. (mpg.de)
The topics covered include nuclear reprogramming, regulation of stem cell self-renewal and differentiation, the stem cell niche, and signaling and gene regulation in stem cells. (cshlpress.com)
Recent advances in live imaging and genetics of mammalian division, movement and cell differentiation leading to development which integrate observations of biochemical tissue formation [14 ]. (lu.se)
In view of these rather inconsistent findings, it appeared necessary, not to immediately further examine the effect of carbaryl on the reproductive system of the adult organism, but rather to ascertain the role of this agent on critical stages in the embryological development of this system during the period of primordial germ cell (PGC) migration and mid-way in embryonic development following sex differentiation. (cdc.gov)
In addition, this study will also examine the status of both male and female gonads near the mid-embryonic stage (12 days of incubation) to determine whether any adverse effects on the development and sexual differentiation of the gonad can be induced following a longer term exposure to carbaryl. (cdc.gov)
During preimplantation stages, differentiation occurs between precursors of embryonic and extraembryonic structures. (medscape.com)
Temporal multimodal single-cell profiling of native hematopoiesis illuminates altered differentiation trajectories with age. (lu.se)

Spatiotemporal analysis of stem-cell-derived embryos offers conceptual and technical advances in the field. (newswise.com)
In 1-cell and 2-cell embryos Dnmt1s is derived from the oocyte, whereas from the 2-cell stage onward the embryo starts to synthesize its own Dnmt1s 8 . (nature.com)
Furthermore, due to ethical and legal concerns, very limited techniques can be applied to human embryos to validate some of significant conclusions drawn from descriptive studies regarding human embryonic development. (nature.com)
They are made from cells found in very early human embryos, called blastocysts. (eurostemcell.org)
An Indiana woman's brain tumor turned out to contain hair, bone and teeth, and has been dubbed her "embryonic twin" - but experts say that such tumors are not actually twins, nor are they embryos. (livescience.com)
Although these tumors can originate during embryonic development, they aren't embryos, and they are not a person's "twin. (livescience.com)
First called "embryonic stem cells" in the 1980s after research moved from mouse to human cells, these magical building blocks of the human body were extracted from blastocysts-early-stage embryos comprised of 100 to 200 cells generated during in vitro fertilization techniques. (religionandpolitics.org)
He said, "You should also know that stem cells can be derived from sources other than embryos: from adult cells, from umbilical cords that are discarded after babies are born, from human placentas. (religionandpolitics.org)
The brain samples were collected from intact embryos at embryonic day (E) 12, 14, 16, 19 and 20. (purdue.edu)
For instance, Science University and Oregon Health are engaged in developing blastocyst staged embryos of around 150 cells in order to provide hESC source. (grandviewresearch.com)
Overview of Single Cell Combinatorial Indexing for labeling the transcriptome of single cells The cells of mouse embryos at day 9.5 to 13.5 were isolated and distributed into different wells of a microtiter plate. (mpg.de)
Together with researchers from Berlin, the American team used this method to study the activity of all cells from mouse embryos at the age of 9.5 to 13.5 days. (mpg.de)
We further found that ectopic overexpression of wild-type Mcpip1 but not the catalytically inactive mutant form resulted in an embryonic lethal phenotype in zebrafish embryos (24 hpf). (bvsalud.org)
Altogether, our results demonstrate that the expression of zc3h12a must be tightly controlled during the first cell divisions of zebrafish embryos and that a rapid decrease in its mRNA expression is an important factor promoting proper embryo development . (bvsalud.org)
Chick embryos are easily accessible, and their nervous system development is similar to that of human embryos at comparable stages. (lu.se)
To complement the in vivo system of chick embryos, we employ patient omics data, single cell RNA sequencing, human and mouse embryos, human cancer cell cultures, human pluripotent stem cells, chick embryo neural crest-derived in vitro crestosphere cultures, and zebrafish and mouse in vivo models. (lu.se)
When nonhuman mammalian development is compared with human development, the study subjects must be compared at the same developmental stage (fetal, perinatal, postnatal) When collected appropriately, data from experimental studies of nonhuman mammalian embryos elucidate important aspects of human facial development. (medscape.com)

We established the human embryonic organoid (HEMO) from expanded potential stem cells and achieved both embryonic and extraembryonic tissues in the same organoid. (newswise.com)
Cell-cell communication network analysis demonstrated that trophoblast-like tissues supplied WNT signaling in neural crest cells to facilitate maturation and migration. (newswise.com)
Fig. 3: Single-cell transcriptomics of dorsal and ventral MiSTR tissues. (nature.com)
The fertilized oocyte is totipotent, with resultant blastomeres capable of generating all three primary germ layers, ectoderm, mesoderm, and endoderm, in addition to the extra embryonic tissues. (conditionmed.org)
Murine embryonic stem (mES) cells are self-renewing pluripotent cells that bear the capacity to differentiate into ectoderm-, endoderm-, and mesoderm-derived tissues. (uthscsa.edu)
Ventral embryonic tissues and Hedgehog proteins induce early AGM hematopoietic stem cell development. (ox.ac.uk)
Since positional information plays an important role in the embryonic development of several tissue systems, we tested whether AGM HSC induction is influenced by the surrounding dorsal and ventral tissues. (ox.ac.uk)
Our explant culture results at early and late embryonic day 10 show that ventral tissues induce and increase AGM HSC activity, whereas dorsal tissues decrease it. (ox.ac.uk)
Chimeric explant cultures with genetically distinguishable AGM and ventral tissues show that the increase in HSC activity is not from ventral tissue-derived HSCs, precursors or primordial germ cells (as was previously suggested). (ox.ac.uk)
Cells Tissues Organs (2011) 193 (4): 239-252. (karger.com)
We modeled the development of embryonic tissues from hPSCs and delineated the ontogeny of hematopoietic cells by mitochondrial variant lineage tracing. (biorxiv.org)
Researchers are learning how cells assemble into complex tissues, such as the layers of the brain, by attempting to grow primitive organs in the lab. (eurostemcell.org)
The type of tumor that Karanam had occurs "when a person's own germ cell multiplies abnormally and differentiates into various different, normal tissues, in an abnormal place," said Dr. Cathy Burnweit, chief of pediatric surgery at Nicklaus Children's Hospital in Miami. (livescience.com)
Because teratomas can have all three of the cell types found in the developing embryo, they can contain a variety of tissues, including cartilage, bone and hair, said Dr. Amir Dehdashti, director of cerebrovascular neurosurgery research at North Shore University Hospital in Manhasset, New York. (livescience.com)
Stem cells derived through such techniques can be converted into liver, nerve, and heart tissues. (grandviewresearch.com)
Tissues in which cells select for the defective PORCN gene show anomalies. (medscape.com)
Craniofacial development is an extraordinarily complex process that requires the orchestrated integration of multiple specialized tissues, such as the surface ectoderm, neural crest, mesoderm, and pharyngeal endoderm, in order to generate the central and peripheral nervous systems, axial skeleton, musculature, and connective tissues of the head and face. (medscape.com)

With the unlimited self-renewal capability and the pluripotency to differentiate into all cell types in the body, human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) with causative genetic mutations as well as their differentiated derivatives represent the much needed human disease models for studies on disease mechanisms and for drug development. (ca.gov)
Cells differentiate into an outer layer of cells called the trophoblast, and an inner cell mass. (wikipedia.org)
The inner mass of cells differentiate to become embryoblasts and polarise at one end. (wikipedia.org)
In response to signals from the notochord , neural tube and surface ectoderm, the somites subdivide and differentiate to give rise to the embryonic structures of the dermomyotome , myotome and sclerotome . (lifemapsc.com)
Sun's method prodded human embryonic stem cells to differentiate into neural stem cells, the cells that give rise to neurons. (sciencedaily.com)
Using the same techniques to prod the two embryonic stem cells lines to differentiate, Sun found that one line had a bias to become neurons that are found in the forebrain. (sciencedaily.com)
We explore the recently described metabolic surge event that occurs as pluripotency is lost and stem cells commit to differentiate. (conditionmed.org)
Many areas of science use mouse ESCs to study how blastocysts grow into adults and to study what signals direct stem cells to differentiate into specialised cells. (eurostemcell.org)
Another challenging area is controlling exactly how ESCs differentiate into numerous specialised cell types. (eurostemcell.org)
They will multiply and differentiate extensively to make the many types of cells needed to form the entire animal. (eurostemcell.org)
We are interested how extracellular matrix proteins instruct cells to differentiate, migrate, and proliferate, and how cells sense normal and pathologically altered extracellular matrix. (mcgill.ca)
Junyue Cao, Malte Spielmann and their colleagues describe, which cell types differentiate between days 9.5 and 13.5 of mouse embryonic development, and how they transform into organs. (mpg.de)
NC cells differentiate to form a broad array of derivatives, including neurons and glia of the peripheral nervous system, smooth muscle, cartilage, craniofacial mesenchyme, and melanocytes ( Mayor and Theveneau, 2013 ). (jneurosci.org)

Doctors discovered she had a teratoma, a type of tumor that can contain all three of the major cell types that are found in an early stage human embryo. (livescience.com)
Creepy advertisements began to glut the Internet, preying on the desperate and trustful by promising "targeted cancer tumor vaccines" and "non-surgical stem cell transplants. (religionandpolitics.org)
Overexpression of CDK1, the CU Cancer Center scientists found, increased the spheroid forming ability, tumorigenic potential, and tumor-initiating capacity of the curious cell type. (genengnews.com)
Instead, the CU scientists asked which factors could cause these cells to initiate tumor growth in the first place. (genengnews.com)
This finding, the scientists indicated, could help explain how cells of different subtypes within cancers show various tumor-initiating capacities. (genengnews.com)
That is, enhanced tumor-initiating capacities could come down to interactions between stem cell genes and seemingly unrelated regulatory mechanisms. (genengnews.com)
Knockout of Sox2 in CDK1-overexpressing cells reduced CDK1-driven tumor-initiating capacity substantially. (genengnews.com)
Furthermore, GSEA analysis of CDK1-hi tumor cells identified a pathway signature common in all three cancer types, including E2F, G2M, MYC, and spermatogenesis, confirming a stem-like nature of CDK1-hi tumor cells. (genengnews.com)
Cell invasion is a crucial step of tumor metastasis , finding new regulators of which offers potential drug targets for cancer therapy. (sdbonline.org)
Fibroblast growth factors (FGFs) are key regulators of cell proliferation, tumor-induced angiogenesis, and migration. (rcsb.org)
We are intrigued by how we can utilize the setting of normal embryonic development to understand tumor initiation. (lu.se)
Many tumor cells produce antigens, which may be released in the bloodstream or remain on the cell surface. (msdmanuals.com)
Tumor-associated antigens (TAAs) are relatively restricted to tumor cells. (msdmanuals.com)
Tumor-specific antigens (TSAs) are unique to tumor cells. (msdmanuals.com)
However, several antigens with selective expression on the surface of tumor cells are not associated with the major histocompatibility complex and may be candidates for therapeutic targeting. (msdmanuals.com)
References Many tumor cells produce antigens, which may be released in the bloodstream or remain on the cell surface. (msdmanuals.com)

The approach, named microfluidic-controlled stem cell regionalization (MiSTR), exposes pluripotent stem cells to signaling gradients that mimic developmental patterning. (nature.com)
The developing embryo, from which pluripotent stem cells originate, undergoes a series of dynamic metabolic transitions synchronized to its molecular development. (conditionmed.org)
Ding Q, Regan S, Xia Y, Oostrom L, Cowan C, Musunuru K (2013) Enhanced efficiency of human pluripotent stem cell genome editing through replacing TALENs with CRISPRs. (springer.com)
Human pluripotent stem cells (hPSC) even face risks of DNA-damage-induced toxicity-related cell death. (biorxiv.org)
Human embryonic stem cells (ESCs) are pluripotent cells, meaning cells that can make any other cell in the body. (eurostemcell.org)
If an inner cell mass is taken from a mouse blastocyst and given the right nutrients, the pluripotent cells can grow in the laboratory. (eurostemcell.org)
These are the pluripotent cells that possess the ability to get differentiated into all germ layers. (grandviewresearch.com)
Ultimately, the CU scientists conducted a proteomic analysis that revealed an interaction between CDK1 and the pluripotent stem cell transcription factor Sox2. (genengnews.com)

Kiecker, C. & Lumsden, A. Compartments and their boundaries in vertebrate brain development. (nature.com)
Baker C, Bronner-Fraser M (2001) Vertebrate cranial placodes I. Embryonic induction. (springer.com)
To this end, the zebrafish ( Danio rerio ) is an established model to study early nervous system development, which combines the complexity of a vertebrate organism with the easy-to-use and high-throughput capabilities of in vitro models ( MacRae and Peterson, 2015 ). (frontiersin.org)
The neural crest (NC) is comprised of specialized cells that arise from the lateral border of the neural plate and migrate into specific locations during vertebrate embryonic development. (jneurosci.org)
At the early stages of embryonic development, the vertebrate face has a common plan. (medscape.com)

Here, we model early human neural tube development using human embryonic stem cells cultured in a microfluidic device. (nature.com)
Fig. 4: Single-cell transcriptomics of early MiSTR patterning and temporal dissection of MiSTR regionalization. (nature.com)
The germinal stage refers to the time from fertilization through the development of the early embryo until implantation is completed in the uterus. (wikipedia.org)
We therefore decided to investigate comprehensively the global and high-resolution DNA methylation dynamics during early development of a non-human primate (rhesus monkey, Macaca mulatta ). (nature.com)
Monkeys have served as one of the most valuable models for understanding DNA methylation dynamics during early embryogenesis in human due to their similarities in genetics and early embryonic development 17 , 18 . (nature.com)
Here, we consider the metabolism of the early embryo through development, and look at the nutrient milieu within the developing stem cell niche. (conditionmed.org)
in early embryonic development. (medlineplus.gov)
Early developmental staging from the zygote stage to the gastrula is a basic step for studying embryonic development and biotechnology. (bioone.org)
We described the early embryonic development of the loach, Misgurnus anguillicaudatus , based on morphological features and gene expression. (bioone.org)
At 10 hpf, the germ ring and the embryonic shield were formed, indicating the stage of early gastrula. (bioone.org)
In this study, we used an enrichment of scRNA-seq mitochondrial reads and a robust computational method to identify clonally relevant mitochondrial variants as endogenous genetic barcodes for clonal tracking of early embryonic hematopoiesis from hPSC. (biorxiv.org)
The evolution of this vascular tissue allowed for an early dominance of these plants on land (first appearing 430 million years ago, during the Silurian period), giving them the ability to transport water and dissolved minerals through specialized strands of elongated cells that run from the plant root to the tips of the leaves . (newworldencyclopedia.org)
Early vascular plants only developed by primary growth , in which the plants grew through cell division of the plant body. (newworldencyclopedia.org)
Secondary growth developed early (the Devonian period, 380 million years ago) in the evolution of vascular plants, which allowed for cell division to take place in the active regions of the plant's periphery. (newworldencyclopedia.org)
Mouse ESCs are being used to learn about how the body develops, from early embryonic stages to the formation of complex organs. (eurostemcell.org)
At early states, germ cells have the ability to turn into any cell in the body. (livescience.com)
EMBRYONIC STEM CELL RESEARCH was condemned by the Roman Catholic Church as early as 1983, when Pope John Paul II addressed the World Medical Association on genetic manipulation. (religionandpolitics.org)
Serotonin (5-HT) and its receptors appear early during prenatal development. (purdue.edu)
However, implementation remains a controversial topic due to diverse views in context to the moral and legal status of early embryo cell lines. (grandviewresearch.com)
Topoisomerase II alpha is also required for embryonic development in mammals, as mouse Top2a knockouts result in embryonic lethality as early as the 4-8 cell stage. (whiterose.ac.uk)
FGFs are essential for early embryonic development, organ formation, and angiogenesis. (rcsb.org)
This includes, 1) how small RNAs regulate gene expression in the male germline to support spermatogenesis and fertility, 2) how small RNAs are packaged into mature sperm, 3) how RNAs transmitted during fertilization are able to regulate early embryonic gene expression and development, and 4) how this regulation can alter developmental programs to produce a non-genetically inherited phenotype. (upenn.edu)
MCPIP1 functions as a safeguard of early embryonic development. (bvsalud.org)

Wnt signaling is critical for normal embryonic development of the skin, bones, and other structures. (medscape.com)
Since Wnt signaling proteins cannot be released without the PORCN protein, and Wnt signaling is important for normal embryonic development, the defects found in this disorder are related to lack of Wnt signaling. (medscape.com)

The orderly migration of PGCs from their extra-embryonic origin in all vertebrates to the developing gonadal anlagen is essential to insure the future fertility of the species. (cdc.gov)

The genetic material of the sperm and egg then combine to form the single cell zygote and the germinal stage of development commences. (wikipedia.org)
Fertilization takes place when the spermatozoon has successfully entered the ovum and the two sets of genetic material carried by the gametes fuse together, resulting in the zygote (a single diploid cell). (wikipedia.org)
If one of these atypical reproductive cells contributes to the genetic makeup of a child, the child will have an extra Y chromosome in each of the body's cells. (medlineplus.gov)
The fusion causes the adult cells to undergo genetic reprogramming, which results in cells that have the developmental characteristics of human embryonic stem cells. (news-medical.net)
Stem cells also provide a model system in which researchers can study the causes of genetic disease and the basis of embryonic development. (news-medical.net)
Eggan, Melton and their colleagues decided to pursue their alternative route after other researchers had shown that genetic reprogramming can occur when mouse somatic cells are fused to mouse embryonic stem cells. (news-medical.net)
The researchers demonstrated that they had achieved fusion of the two cell types by searching the fused cells for two distinctive genetic markers present in the somatic fibroblast and stem cells. (news-medical.net)
Furthermore, Eggan noted that genetic analyses of the fused cells revealed that the somatic cell genes characteristic of adult cells had all been switched off, while those characteristic of embryonic cells had been switched on. (news-medical.net)
These antibodies are used as fluorescent markers to distinguish subsets of mouse thymic epithelial cells in genetic studies of the thymus . (wikipedia.org)
We explored the use of naturally occurring somatic mutations in mitochondrial transcripts detected in single-cell RNA-seq as genetic lineage barcodes in HPSC. (biorxiv.org)
Their curiosity piqued, the CU scientists decided to look deeply into the cell type and do more than simply inquire into which drugs or genetic changes might cause the tumors initiated by the cell type to grow or shrink. (genengnews.com)
To answer this question, the CU scientists used patient samples, mouse models, and publicly available genetic data to search for the genetic/genomic commonalities in cells capable of initiating melanoma, pancreatic, and colon cancers. (genengnews.com)
Although all cells contain the same genetic material, they develop into different directions. (mpg.de)
2. Nuclear transfer is a technique used to duplicate genetic material by creating an embryo through the transfer and fusion of a diploid cell in an enucleated female oocyte.2 Cloning has a broader meaning than nuclear transfer as it also involves gene replication and natural or induced embryo splitting (see Annex 1). (who.int)
if it implants and the pregnancy goes to term, the resulting individual will carry the same nuclear genetic material as the donor of the adult somatic cell. (who.int)
However, an animal created through this technique would not be a precise genetic copy of the source of its nuclear DNA because each clone derives a small amount of its DNA from the mitochondria of the egg (which lie outside the nucleus) rather than from the donor of cell nucleus. (who.int)
Mechanisms for maintaining genetic information during cell division and the generation of genetic variation: replication, mitosis, meiosis, recombination. (lu.se)

When epithelial cells transform into mesenchyme in the embryo, or when they are induced to do this in vitro, they switch from the keratin intermediate filament profile to one rich in vimentin, and the effect of cell matrix interaction on cell shape is profoundly altered. (nih.gov)
The study of brain development in humans is limited by the lack of tissue samples and suitable in vitro models. (nature.com)
Development-on-chip: in vitro neural tube patterning with a microfluidic device. (nature.com)
We discuss what is known about the distinct metabolic states captured in vitro by the 2-cell-like, naïve, blastocyst-like, formative, and primed states of pluripotency. (conditionmed.org)
2019). Akin to the dynamic nutrient requirements of the developing embryo, discrete in vitro cell states have distinct metabolic profiles (Zhou et al. (conditionmed.org)
It is only through understanding embryonic metabolism and development that we can derive and maintain different in vitro stem cell states for disease modeling and therapies. (conditionmed.org)
Application of various small molecules and recombinant proteins to mouse embryonic stem cells at specific time points in vitro has enabled recapitulation of developmental cues with subsequent formation of inner ear organoids. (springer.com)
This chapter highlights the process of in vivo inner ear development, the rationale and process behind inner ear organoid formation, and potential applications and limitations of this in vitro model system. (springer.com)
We portrayed the Notch system in embryonic stem cell (ESC)-derived embryoid bodies (EBs) differentiating under the standard protocols used to assess yolk sac (YS) hematopoiesis in vitro. (karger.com)
Accelerated uptake of ESC based cell therapy on in vivo and in vitro principle is expected to fuel growth through to 2024. (grandviewresearch.com)
Methodologically, the lab employs a wide spectrum of techniques ranging from in vitro biochemical and biophysical assays, to cell biology methods with primary cells and transformed cell lines, to light and electron microscopic techniques, to in vivo studies with genetically modified mouse models. (mcgill.ca)
1997. In vitro genotoxic effects of hard metal particles assessed by alkaline single cell gel and elution assays. (cdc.gov)
In vitro studies based on MCF-7 cell proliferation and induction of vitellogenin in primary culture of rainbow trout hepatocytes. (cdc.gov)

Chi N, Epstein JA (2002) Getting your Pax straight: PAX proteins in development and disease. (springer.com)
Cancer cells tend to deemphasize these molecules because they can display abnormal proteins and attract the immune system's attention. (genengnews.com)
Furthermore, GSOs protected cells against GLU-induced apoptosis by reducing the expression of the mitochondrial apoptosis-associated Bcl-2 family effector proteins and protected cells from GLU-induced oxidative damage by increasing the nuclear translocation of Nrf2 and HO-1 expression. (sdbonline.org)
Wnt proteins are key regulators of embryonic development. (medscape.com)
At the molecular level, transcriptomic profiling revealed extensive changes in the expression of genes encoding proteins important in the endoplasmic reticulum stress response and in protein folding as well as involved in the formation of primary germ layer , mesendoderm and endoderm development, heart morphogenesis and cell migration . (bvsalud.org)

The large number of pure neurons produced will allow Sun and her team to study their biological form and structure, the genes they express, the development of synapses and the electric and chemical communication activities within the synapse network. (sciencedaily.com)
Sun and her team confirmed that the two embryonic stem cell lines were different through gene expression analysis -- neurons that perform different functions in different parts of the brain express different genes. (sciencedaily.com)
Promoters of genes associated with oxidative phosphorylation are preferentially remethylated at the 8-cell stage, suggesting that this mode of energy metabolism may not be favored. (nature.com)
With the exception of a few genes one way or the other -- which is perhaps because these cells are now tetraploid -- the hybrid cells are indistinguishable from human embryonic stem cells," he said. (news-medical.net)
Chimeras can pass on genes from embryonic stem cells to their offspring. (eurostemcell.org)
Researchers can precisely alter the genes of ES cells in the lab, put the cells back into blastocysts, and produce new mice that contain the modified genes. (eurostemcell.org)
Scientists use genetically altered mice made from ES cells to study genes involved in many human diseases. (eurostemcell.org)
In order to realize this, different genes have to be activated in each cell at different times. (mpg.de)
In order to find out which genes of a cell were active at a certain point of development, the scientists examined the transcriptome. (mpg.de)
Scientists were initially interested in somatic-cell nuclear transfer as a means of determining whether genes remain functional even after most of them have been switched off as the cells in a developing organism assume their specialized functions as blood cells, muscle cells, and so forth. (who.int)
The fact that the DNA of a fully differentiated (adult) cell could be stimulated to revert to a condition comparable to that of a newly fertilized egg and to repeat the process of embryonic development demonstrates that all the genes in differentiated cells retain their functional capacity, although only a few are active. (who.int)
Se caracterizan por poseer un dominio de unión al ADN emparejado altamente conservado que se identificó por vez primera en genes de segmentación de DROSOPHILA. (bvsalud.org)

The mesenchyme that fills the pharyngeal arches is derived from the following 3 origins: the paraxial mesoderm, the lateral plate mesoderm, and the neural crest cells. (medscape.com)
Although paraxial mesoderm and lateral plate mesoderm contribute to the musculature that develops in each particular arch, neural crest cells contribute to the skeletal portion of each arch. (medscape.com)
The facial primordia are made up mainly of neural crest cells that have migrated from the cranial crest and settled. (medscape.com)
All of these prominences are produced by the proliferation of the neural crest cells that migrate into the arches from the neural crest during the fourth week of gestation. (medscape.com)
The neural crest cells give rise to the connective tissue components, including cartilage, bone, and ligaments in the facial and oral regions. (medscape.com)
Prior to emigration, the neural crest cells in the head are formed according to which facial primordium they belong. (medscape.com)

Single-cell level characterization of embryonic development is a major benchmark of human developmental biology. (newswise.com)
Gene regulation in developmental biology and the cell cycle. (lu.se)

Mutations of this gene have been associated with basal cell nevus syndrome and holoprosencephaly. (nih.gov)
Mutations of PTCH1 gene in two pedigrees with bifid rib-basal cell nevus-jaw cyst syndrome. (nih.gov)

Here, we defined the single-cell spatiotemporal gene expression landscape of human embryonic development with stem-cell-derived organoids. (newswise.com)
These cells will be excellent for doing gene expression studies and biochemical and protein analyses. (sciencedaily.com)
The embryonic development of the loach resembled that of the zebrafish in terms of morphological change and gene expression. (bioone.org)
Remarkable progress in science and technology has led to the development of powerful tools for genome sequencing and editing increasing ability to study gene expression and function at multiple levels from cells to populations. (cdc.gov)

Developmental cell 50(1): 7-8, July 2019. (upenn.edu)

In theory, researchers can induce embryonic stem cells to mature into a variety of specialized cells. (news-medical.net)

Researchers have developed a new technique for creating human embryonic stem cells by fusing adult somatic cells with embryonic stem cells. (news-medical.net)
The nucleus of an adult somatic cell (such as a skin cell) is removed and transferred to an enucleated egg, which is then stimulated with electric current or chemicals to activate cell division. (who.int)

2022). Fibronectin isoforms in skeletal development and associated disorders. (mcgill.ca)
2022). Proteolysis of fibrillin-2 microfibrils is essential for normal skeletal development. (mcgill.ca)
Skeletal muscle growth and regeneration involves the activity of resident adult stem cells, namely satellite cells (SC). (sdbonline.org)
In Drosophila with depleted RACK1 in all muscle cells or, specifically, in SC lineage resulted in a delayed recovery of skeletal muscle after physical damage as well as the low presence of active SC in the wound area. (sdbonline.org)

The neurons could then be separated from the neural stem cells that had not yet differentiated, a sort of chemical round-up that isolated the neurons. (sciencedaily.com)

Time-series single-cell RNA sequencing paired with single-cell resolution spatial revealed human embryonic development signatures such as extraembryonic placenta, yolk sac hematopoiesis neural crest, blood vessels, and cardiac mesoderm. (newswise.com)

In suspension culture, embryonic stem (ES) cells grow into spherical embryoid bodies (EBs) and are useful for the study of specific gene products in the development and function of various tissue types. (uthscsa.edu)

These cancers originate from cells of the sympathetic nervous system (SNS), in turn derived from the transient embryonic neural crest stem cell population. (lu.se)
These cells originate from the paraxial mesoderm and migrate into the facial primordia. (medscape.com)

The inner ear contains sensory epithelia composed of mechanosensitive hair cells, supporting cells, and sensory neurons that work in concert to detect sound and positional information and transmit those signals to the brain. (springer.com)
These organoids contain functional mechanosensitive hair cells, supporting cells, and sensory neurons, which phenocopy functional components of the inner ear responsible for detection of positional information. (springer.com)

During embryonic development, the extracellular matrix (ECM) promotes the production of differentiated products by epithelial cells and the migration of mesenchymal cells, and probably also plays a role in epithelial-mesenchymal transformation. (nih.gov)
The interaction of both epithelial cells and mesenchymal cells with ECM seems to involve the actin cortex, which is best developed in the base of the epithelial cell, where it attaches to underlying matrix via membrane-intercalated receptors. (nih.gov)
Keratin also protects epithelial cells from damage or stress. (wikipedia.org)
They are also present in epithelial cells in general. (wikipedia.org)
For example, mouse thymic epithelial cells react with antibodies for keratin 5, keratin 8, and keratin 14. (wikipedia.org)

However, robust and large-scale genome-wide reprogramming of DNA methylome occurs during two critical developmental processes: (1) development of primordial germ cells and (2) pre-implantation embryogenesis. (nature.com)
The blastocyst comprises the inner cell mass (ICM), which gives rise to the three primary germ layers and consequently the fetus, and the trophectoderm (TE), which gives rise to the extraembryonic and placental tissue. (conditionmed.org)
They arise from germ cells , which are the cells that go on to later develop into a person's gametes (such as sperm and eggs). (livescience.com)
Typically, during the development of a human embryo, germ cells migrate to the gonads. (livescience.com)
Teratomas are what can result if these germ cells end up in the wrong place, according to the Dana-Farber Cancer Institute . (livescience.com)
Among brain tumors , just 0.5 to 3 percent are germ cell tumors, and of these, about 20 percent are teratomas, Dehdashti said. (livescience.com)
Within a short time, the cells of the three germ layers are transformed into an embryo containing most of its major internal and external organs. (mpg.de)

In addition, these differences contribute to the dilemma in drug development that many therapeutic strategies work well in mouse models but do poorly in human patients. (ca.gov)
In the mouse, a transporting epithelium is established around the 8-16-cell stage through a process known as compaction where cell definition is lost and the outer cells of the embryo form tight junctions, giving rise to the blastocyst. (conditionmed.org)
Analysis of the effectiveness of caffeine and MG132 for improving somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT) technology using cryopreserved eggs showed that supplementation did not improve the blastocyst formation rate of cloned mouse eggs. (molcells.org)
I hypothesize that a CRISPR gene strategy can be developed and optimized in humanized mouse embryonic stem cells that will be able to distinguish between the patient variant and non-variant chromosomes, laying the foundation for correcting aniridic congenital blindness in humans. (ubc.ca)
Thus, we provide a reference dataset describing the expression patterns of RPRM gene products during zebrafish and mouse development as a first step to approach the physiological role of the RPRM gene family. (frontiersin.org)
Mouse ES cells can be put back into a mouse blastocyst and this blastocyst can then be returned to the uterus of a female mouse to develop into a foetus. (eurostemcell.org)
This new mouse with cells from two different origins is known as a chimera. (eurostemcell.org)
Scientists from Seattle and Berlin have published an atlas on mouse embryonic development. (mpg.de)
The most common method for investigating embryonic developmental disorders is to concentrate on a single organ system in the mouse and conduct gene knockout studies. (mpg.de)
During mouse embryonic development, a subpopulation of neural crest cell-derived melanocytes migrates and incorporates into a subregion of the cochlear epithelium, forming the intermediate cell layer of the stria vascularis. (jneurosci.org)
SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT We found the roles of hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) signaling in stria vascularis development for the first time and that lack of HGF signaling in the inner ear leads to profound hearing loss in the mouse. (jneurosci.org)
1994. Ah receptor in embryonic mouse palate and effects of TCDD on receptor expression. (cdc.gov)

Importantly, a precise temporal description of RPRM protein expression during the development of neuronal structures is still missing. (frontiersin.org)
Such knowledge is fundamental to advance in our understanding of the possible role of this gene family in neuronal development. (frontiersin.org)
Moreover, we expected that the imprinting effects would be amplified during brain development via the interactions between the 5-HTergic system and other neuronal systems, such as the dopaminergic (DAergic) system. (purdue.edu)
Hence, both 10 ug and 20 ug 5-HT imprinting facilitated the neuronal development of both midbrain and hypothalamic DAergic groups, such as the ventral tegmental area and periventricular nucleus, via the increased synaptic 5-HT availabilities. (purdue.edu)

Our assays showed that the hybrid cells, unlike adult cells, showed the development potential of embryonic stem cells," said Eggan. (news-medical.net)
Cell damage was assessed using MTT assays, and the lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release rate and flow cytometry were used to detect the accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and mitochondrial membrane potential respectively. (sdbonline.org)

Scientists were able to produce from human embryonic stem cells a highly pure, large quantity of functioning neurons that will allow them to create models of and study diseases such as Alzheimer's, Parkinson's, prefrontal dementia and schizophrenia. (sciencedaily.com)
SCNT involves transferring the nuclei of adult cells, called somatic cells, into oocytes in which scientists have removed the nuclei. (news-medical.net)
The scientists knew that if their studies were successful, it would provide the research community with a new option for producing reprogrammed cells using embryonic stem cells, which are more plentiful and easier to obtain than unfertilized human eggs. (news-medical.net)
Embryonic stem cells have captured the imagination of scientists and non-scientists alike. (eurostemcell.org)
The immense value of this technique for science and medicine was recognized in 2007 when the Nobel Prize in Medicine was awarded to three scientists who pioneered the use of ES cells to create genetically modified mice . (eurostemcell.org)
Potentially, scientists proclaimed, these cells were capable of curing any disease or illness known to man, and represented a new era in modern medicine. (religionandpolitics.org)
Investment money by the billions rained down on scientists or institutions conducting research into the seemingly endless potential of stem cells. (religionandpolitics.org)
This thought may have occurred to scientists at the University of Colorado (CU) Cancer Center when they began looking at a population of cancer cells that, unlike most cancer cells, avoids downregulating MHC Class I molecules. (genengnews.com)
Although the scientists could suppress these stem-cell-like characteristics by inhibiting of CDK1 with pharmacological agents, they couldn't see how CDK1's role as a cell cycle regulator could be relevant. (genengnews.com)
In total, the scientists were able to identify 38 different main cell types and over 500 subtypes. (mpg.de)

Osteoclasts are hematopoietic stem cell-derived cells that participate in bone turnover by secreting resorptive molecules such as hydrochloric acid and acidic proteases, which degrade the bone extracellular matrix. (uthscsa.edu)
The dynamics of cell-extracellular matrix interactions in normal and pathological situations. (mcgill.ca)
The Reinhardt laboratory is interested in components and mechanisms involved in the biogenesis, function and pathological aspects of the extracellular matrix and its interactions with cells. (mcgill.ca)

Hedgehog signaling is important in embryonic development and tumorigenesis. (nih.gov)
We can show Sox2 is very important for tumorigenesis, but it's difficult to have a Sox2 inhibitor," says Mayumi Fujita, M.D., Ph.D., an investigator at the CU Cancer Center and senior author of the current study, which found that CDK1 directly interacts with Sox2 to keep cancer cells "stemmy. (genengnews.com)

We found they could be induced to mature into nerve cells, hair follicles, muscle cells and gut endoderm cells. (news-medical.net)

In the zebrafish, rprma mRNA is expressed in the olfactory placodes (OP) and olfactory epithelium (OE), rprmb is observed in the tectum opticum (TeO) and trigeminal ganglion (Tg), whereas rprml is found primarily in the telencephalon (Tel). At protein level, RPRM is present in a subset of cells in the OP, and neurons in the OE, TeO, hindbrain and sensory peripheral structures. (frontiersin.org)
NC cells contribute to several inner ear structures during embryonic development. (jneurosci.org)
Understanding the development of the structures of the face also requires knowledge of the pharyngeal or branchial arches. (medscape.com)

Some of that specialization may influence the course of embryo development, developmental biologist and geneticist Maria Barna of Stanford University School of Medicine and colleagues discovered. (sciencenews.org)

Stem Cells and Development , 18 (1), 195-200. (uthscsa.edu)

Fig. 1: Design of the MiSTR cell culture system and establishment of a WNT signaling gradient in hESC-derived tissue. (nature.com)
International bi-monthly journal of cell signaling, tissue protection, and translational research. (conditionmed.org)
In a 2010 letter to investors, Neostem's CEO, Dr. Robin L. Smith, wrote: "The potential for very small embryonic-like stem cells is open-ended, as we have found that they may have significant potential to repair degenerated, damaged, or diseased tissue. (religionandpolitics.org)
2022). Fibrillin-1 regulates white adipose tissue development, homeostasis, and function. (mcgill.ca)
The levels of catalase (CAT) and glutathione (GSH) were measured in PC12 cells and Drosophila brain tissue. (sdbonline.org)
GSOs also mitigated the deleterious effects of GLU on the mitochondrial membrane potential and Cyt C release, thus alleviating mitochondrial dysfunction, and increased GSH levels and CAT activity in both cells and Drosophila brain tissue. (sdbonline.org)
of the most critical events which lead to tissue patterning involves mechanisms going beyond single cells. (lu.se)
as well as diagnostic techniques, drug development and tissue transplantation. (who.int)

In humans, mice and other mammals, the embryo is a ball of approximately 100 cells at this stage. (eurostemcell.org)
Organ development of mammals is an amazing process. (mpg.de)

An immense amount has been learned about embryonic development and disease from creating 'chimera' mice with genetically modified ESCs. (eurostemcell.org)
In 2006, a Polish biologist named Mariusz Z. Ratajczak published his discovery of these cells in the bone marrow of mice, claiming they possessed all the qualities of embryonic stem cells and could potentially do everything embryonic cells could. (religionandpolitics.org)
The lab utilizes a combination of state-of-the-art genomic, molecular biology, and assisted reproduction techniques across multiple model systems including mice, embryonic stem cells, and C. elegans to understand these questions. (upenn.edu)

Chen W, Jongkamonwiwat N, Abbas L et al (2012) Restoration of auditory evodked responses by human ES-cell-derived otic progenitors. (springer.com)
We further applied mitochondrial variant lineage tracing to spatial transcriptomics and identified the clonal development of both erythro-myeloid progenitors and their niche cells. (biorxiv.org)

The Wnt signaling pathway is highly conserved and crucial during embryonic development. (lu.se)

Embryonic stem cells are grown from cells found in the embryo when it is just a few days old. (eurostemcell.org)

However, experimental confirmation of the first morphogens had to await the development of advanced molecular techniques in suitable model organisms (namely Drosophila, Xenopus, and zebrafish) in the 1980s. (uci.edu)
Conclusions We conclude that maternal top2a enables zebrafish development before the mid-zygotic transition (MZT) and that zebrafish top2a and top2b are not functionally redundant during development after activation of the zygotic genome. (whiterose.ac.uk)
In this study, we utilized a zebrafish model to investigate the role of Mcpip1 during embryogenic development. (bvsalud.org)
Title : Motor Behavior Mediated by Continuously Generated Dopaminergic Neurons in the Zebrafish Hypothalamus Recovers After Cell Ablation Personal Author(s) : McPherson, Adam D.;Barrios, Joshua P.;Luks-Morgan, Sasha J.;Manfredi, John P.;Bonkowsky, Joshua L.;Douglass, Adam D.;Dorsky, Richard I. (cdc.gov)

Disease research and drug development models based on genetically altered human embryonic stem cells. (ca.gov)

A new hypothesis states that the microtubule- and intermediate filament-rich endoplasm, containing the nucleus, moves past the actin cortex-receptor-matrix complex into the newly synthesized front end of the mesenchymal cell to effect forward movement. (nih.gov)
The long term goal for this experiment was to do cell fusion in a way that would allow the elimination of the embryonic stem cell nucleus to create an embryonic stem cell from the somatic cell," said Melton. (news-medical.net)
Notch1 and Notch 2, but not Notch4, were visualized in the nucleus of EB cells, and all these receptors were also observed as patent cytoplasmic foci. (karger.com)

Barna reported the findings December 5 at the joint meeting of the American Society for Cell Biology and European Molecular Biology Organization. (sciencenews.org)
Based on presentations by world-renowned investigators at the 73rd annual Cold Spring Harbor Symposium on Quantitative Biology, this volume reviews the latest advances in research on the control and regulation of stem cells. (cshlpress.com)

This approach could become an alternative to somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT), a method that is currently used to produce human stem cells. (news-medical.net)
It is more likely that the new technique will see immediate use in helping to accelerate understanding of how embryonic cells "reprogram" somatic cells to an embryonic state. (news-medical.net)
Their analyses showed that the hybrid cells were "tetraploid" - meaning they contained the combined chromosomes of both the somatic cells and the embryonic stem cells. (news-medical.net)
The researchers also performed fusion experiments using pelvic bone cells as the somatic cells and a different human embryonic cell line, to demonstrate that their technique was not restricted to one adult cell type or embryonic cell line. (news-medical.net)
Somatic-cell nuclear transfer, the technique by which Dolly was created, was first used 40 years ago in research with tadpoles and frogs. (who.int)

Single-cell resolution spatial transcriptomics defined the yolk sac erythro-megakaryopoietic niche. (newswise.com)
Single-cell transcriptomics shows that during the endothelial-to-hematopoietic transition, Ncx1 −/− cells fail to. (lu.se)
Single-cell transcriptomics shows that during the endothelial-to-hematopoietic transition, Ncx1 −/− cells fail to undergo a glycolysis to oxidative phosphorylation metabolic switch present in wild-type cells. (lu.se)

The 46 chromosomes undergo changes prior to the mitotic division which leads to the formation of the embryo having two cells. (wikipedia.org)
People normally have 46 chromosomes in each cell. (medlineplus.gov)
As a result of the extra Y chromosome, each cell has a total of 47 chromosomes instead of the usual 46. (medlineplus.gov)
and other cells have one X chromosome and two Y chromosomes (47,XYY). (medlineplus.gov)
In vascular plants, the principal generation phase is the large, dominant, nutritionally-independent sporophyte , which is diploid with two sets of chromosomes per cell . (newworldencyclopedia.org)
In non-vascular plants, the principal generation phase is often the gametophyte , which is haploid with one set of chromosomes per cell. (newworldencyclopedia.org)
TOP2A decatenates chromosomes and thus is necessary for multiple aspects of cell division including DNA replication, chromosome condensation and segregation. (whiterose.ac.uk)
In females, one of the two X chromosomes is randomly inactivated in every cell. (medscape.com)

dGLYAT was found to regulate Gadd45 -mediated JNK pathway activation and cell invasion. (sdbonline.org)
Mechanisms that regulate development from single cell to multicellular organisms. (lu.se)

Within the backdrop of embryogenesis, inner ear development follows an intricate pathway of signaling cues and morphological changes, leading to its complex final three-dimensional (3D) structure. (springer.com)

Anatomy55

Organisms29

Diseases6

Chemicals and Drugs53

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment34

Phenomena and Processes78

Disciplines and Occupations4

Information Science4

Differentiation15

Embryos17

Tissues17

Differentiate13

Tumor16

Pluripotent8

Vertebrate5

Early23

Normal embryonic2

Extra embryonic1

Genetic17

Vitro13

Proteins5

Genes12

Neural crest6

Developmental biology2

Mutations2

Gene expression4

20191

Induce1

Adult somatic2

Skeletal4

Separated from the neural1

Hematopoiesis1

Embryoid bodies1

Originate2

Positional2

Epithelial Cells5

Germ7

Mouse12

Neuronal4

Assays2

Scientists10

Extracellular3

Tumorigenesis2

Endoderm1

Structures3

Embryo development1

Stem Cells and Development1

Tissue8

Mammals2

Mice3

Progenitors2

Highly conserved1

Found in the embryo1

Zebrafish4

Genetically1

Nucleus3

Biology2

Somatic5

Transcriptomics3

Chromosomes8

Regulate2

Morphological1