• Donor embryonic cells have a greater potential for axonal outgrowth and regeneration than mature host neurons (Chen et al. (org.es)
  • 1998). In vitro assays (Castellani and Bolz, 1999) have shown that NT-3 has dual effects on layer 2-3 and layer 6 cortical neurons. (org.es)
  • Fifteen days after implant, cortical grafts will also produce a glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF), a potent survival factor for claustral neurons that project to the occipital cortex (Trupp et al. (org.es)
  • Previously, it was thought that transplanted neurons could not extend axons over long distances rendering transplantation into the SN a non-viable approach. (lu.se)
  • In paper №2, I describe how mesDA neurons transplanted in the adult SN of a PD mouse model, extended axons across millimetres into the striatum, functionally reforming the nigrostriatal pathway. (lu.se)
  • In paper №3, I also identify the specific mesDA population (A9) that is critical for functional recovery, with transplants that lack A9 neurons failing to improve motor recovery. (lu.se)
  • A potentially pre-clinical aspect of this thesis is detailed in paper №4 where I describe a robust protocol for the generation of functional mesDA neurons from human embryonic stem cells that are functional in a rat model of PD. (lu.se)
  • Kondziolka and colleagues used N-Tera 2 cells derived from a lung metastasis of a human testicular germ cell tumour that when treated with retinoic acid generate postmitotic neurons that maintain a fetal neuronal phenotype indefinitely in vitro (LBS neurons). (bmj.com)
  • The National Academies of Sciences, Engineering and Medicine have also released guidance for "Human Embryonic Stem Cell Research" (2005 and updated in 2010) which provides no guidance on induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) [ 3 ], and "The emerging field of human neural organoids, transplants, and chimeras" (2021) which didn't include other stem cell-derived tissues and deliberately excluded transplantation of organoids in humans [ 4 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Since the seventies, numerous investigations have focused on trying to restore lost function by replacement of injured brain structures with homologous allogeneic embryonic neural tissue. (org.es)
  • Human induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)-derived neural progenitors were stably transfected with the vector and transplanted into the adult mouse brain. (bvsalud.org)
  • Can the transplants reform damaged neuronal circuitry? (lu.se)
  • Through understanding functional recovery in terms of neuronal subtype and connectivity, the work presented in this thesis aims to bring the prospect of CRT closer to the clinic, I also describe the generation of a very promising alternative cell source that could rival fetal tissue. (lu.se)
  • Stem cell therapy raised hope of overcoming these issues, but created new risks including tumour formation and limited benefit if the desired target tissue does not form. (biomedcentral.com)
  • No evidence of tumour formation was observed in the transplanted animals, a major concern when utilising a pluripotent cell source. (lu.se)
  • The use of donor or animal tissue raises many well-known issues, including limited tissue availability, the possibility of rejection and patient infection. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Stem cells can be obtained from a donor or be autologous, eliminating any issues from the use of animals in tissue harvesting. (biomedcentral.com)
  • This article details the potential health risks of 3-dimensional organoid and tissue therapy versus dissociated stem cell therapy. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The current ethical and regulatory issues surrounding 3-dimensional organoid and tissue therapy are presented with a focus on the highly influential FDA and International Society of Stem Cell Research (ISSCR) guidelines. (biomedcentral.com)
  • It is therefore expected that clinical trials implanting more complex 3-dimensional stem cell-derived tissue constructs (SCTCs) in humans will occur in the near future, including a recent report of autologous intestinal epithelial organoids being implanted into a patient with ulcerative colitis (jRCTb032190207) [ 2 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • As the regulations and guidance around this technology are limited, reducing the benefit in comparing regulations across jurisdictions, we will focus on the FDA and International Society of Stem Cell Research (ISSCR) communications, as they have been widely influential in this area. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Dr. Yang has extensive expertise in developing novel biomaterials and stem cell-based therapeutics for musculoskeletal tissue engineering, or engineering 3D in vitro cancer models for drug screening and mechanistic discovery. (stanford.edu)
  • Our findings provide proof of concept for combining gene and stem cell therapy for effective modulation of ectopic protein expression in transplanted cells. (bvsalud.org)
  • Stem cells have the ability to differentiate into specialised cells and have been transplanted into patients in an effort to treat various diseases. (biomedcentral.com)
  • In July 2022, the European Union released a Proposal [ 5 ] to significantly change its regulation of cells and tissues and repeal Directive 2004/23/EC, the cornerstone of such regulation for the last two decades. (biomedcentral.com)
  • In particular, the advent of human embryonic stem cells followed by reprograming technologies for generation of induced pluripotent stem cells have instigated studies into modeling human brain development and disease by providing a means to simulate a human tissue otherwise completely or largely inaccessible to researchers. (ehu.eus)
  • 10 11 Using a similar stereotactic approach implanting cells into the basal ganglia, Savitz and colleagues transplanted LGE cells (fetal porcine striatum-derived cells, Genvec) in five patients. (bmj.com)
  • Extracellular vesicles (EVs) -- nanometer sized messengers that travel between cells to deliver cues and cargo -- are promising tools for the next generation of therapies for everything from autoimmune and neurodegenerative diseases to cancer and tissue injury. (regenerativemedicine.net)
  • The researchers induced injury by three hours of oxygen restrictions followed by 90 minutes of reoxygenation and then measured the fraction of dead cells and the contractile force of the tissue. (regenerativemedicine.net)
  • The heart tissue treated with EEVs had half as many dead cells and had a contractile force four times higher than the untreated tissue after injury. (regenerativemedicine.net)
  • Our findings indicate that EEVs could protect cardiac tissue from reoxygenation injury in part by supplementing the injured cells with proteins and signaling molecules that support different metabolic processes, paving the way for new therapeutic approaches," said Andr G. Kl ber, a Visiting Professor of Pathology at Harvard Medical School and co-author of the study. (regenerativemedicine.net)
  • In their paper published, the research team reports finding that dendritic cells of elite controllers are better able to detect the presence of HIV paradoxically through a greater susceptibility to HIV infection which enables them to stimulate the generation of T cells specifically targeting the virus. (regenerativemedicine.net)
  • Part of the innate immune system that is the body s first line defense against infection, dendritic cells sense the presence of pathogens in the blood or other tissues, ingest infecting organisms, and then display fragments of the invaders on their surface, which alerts and activates both killer and helper T cells (CD4 and CD8 cells), essentially teaching them to target the specific pathogen. (regenerativemedicine.net)
  • The examination of bone samples collected from three patients demonstrated that their bone tissue differed from normal bone tissue: the number of bone cells was atypical and bone mineralization was disturbed. (regenerativemedicine.net)
  • The potential use of 3-dimensional organoid and tissue therapy may deliver greater patient benefits than other regenerative medicine approaches, but raises new health and ethical risks. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Use of human fetal tissue raises several ethical issues, but are there alternative cell sources that can substitute effectively? (lu.se)
  • Tissue extracts of Mouse Testis (Lane 6) and Mouse Kidney (Lane 7) were electrophoresed using NuPAGE™ 3-8% Tris-Acetate Protein Gel (Product # EA0378BOX). (thermofisher.com)
  • A Feature Paper should be a substantial original Article that involves several techniques or approaches, provides an outlook for future research directions and describes possible research applications. (mdpi.com)
  • Our lab's mission is to develop therapies for regenerating human tissues lost due to diseases or aging, and to build tissue engineered 3D models for understanding disease progression and informing drug discovery. (stanford.edu)
  • The researchers demonstrated this functionality in human tissue using a heart-on-a-chip with embedded sensors that continuously tracked the contractions of the tissue. (regenerativemedicine.net)
  • The team tested the effect of EEVs on human heart tissue using the heart-on-a-chip model developed by the Disease Biophysics Group at SEAS. (regenerativemedicine.net)
  • Organ-on-chip platforms mimic the structure and function of native tissue and allow researchers to observe, in real time, the effects of injuries and treatments in human tissue. (regenerativemedicine.net)
  • Regenerative medicine aims to repair, regrow or replace damaged tissue to restore normal body function. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Firstly, while a PN graft is used to bridge two brain areas, an intracerebral embryonic tissue graft is meant to restore the function of the damaged area. (org.es)
  • The recent development of 3-dimensional tissues, including organoids, allows the creation of more complex tissues for personalised regenerative medicine. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Brain organoids mimic more closely the in vivo tissue composition and architecture and are more physiologically relevant than monolayer cultures. (ehu.eus)
  • The term "oncotarget" encompasses all molecules, pathways, cellular functions, cell types, and even tissues that can be viewed as targets relevant to cancer as well as other diseases. (oncotarget.com)
  • Her research group is particularly interested in developing biomaterials and cell-based therapeutics to improve regeneration of various musculoskeletal tissues including bone, cartilage, tendon, blood vessels etc. (stanford.edu)
  • The changes were particularly clear in the cortical bone -- the outer layer of bone -- the region with the most abundant expression of the SGMS2 gene. (regenerativemedicine.net)
  • Illustration: Bone health of the study participants was evaluated by radiographs (A, B) and bone biopsy samples (C, D). The patients had in childhood e.g. recurrent forearm fractures (A) and spinal compression fractures (B). Histological evaluation of the bone biopsies showed (C) that bone structure (green) especially in the cortical bone was abnormally fragile and osteoporotic. (regenerativemedicine.net)
  • More detailed evaluation of the bone biopsies showed that the degree of bone mineralization was reduced and the bone tissue was porous (D), leading to reduced bone strength. (regenerativemedicine.net)
  • ZO-2 and ZO-3 are ubiquitously expressed within epithelial tight junctions, and unlike ZO-1, which is also expressed at cell junctions of cardiac myocytes, ZO-2 is not expressed in nonepithelial tissue. (thermofisher.com)
  • Because these vesicles are derived from vascular tissue, which is uniquely tuned to sense hypoxic stress, the researchers hypothesized that the cargo they carry could provide direct protection to cardiac muscle. (regenerativemedicine.net)
  • The researchers found that in tissues treated with EEVs, the cardiomyocytes could better adapt to stress conditions and sustain a higher workload. (regenerativemedicine.net)
  • It is critical that these issues are addressed before clinical trials are begun, to ensure patients are not placed at needless harm, are treated fairly, and that the trials are best structured for maximising clinical and therapeutic benefit. (biomedcentral.com)
  • 13 These early clinical trials mostly focused on chronic subcortical strokes, but more recent trials are now investigating cell therapy for treatment of both cortical and subcortical infarcts. (bmj.com)
  • The primary endpoint of safety at 1 year was met, with no negative effect of the transplant on motor function in the treated leg compared with the untreated leg. (bvsalud.org)
  • Putting fetal brain tissue grafts in the mature central nervous system (CNS) differs from peripheral nerve (PN) grafting in at least the following two ways. (org.es)
  • The fetal grafted tissue must develop its own set of connections with the right structures in the host brain, and these connections must be orderly arranged. (org.es)
  • For a short period post-implantation, grafted tissue behaves as an immature piece of brain. (org.es)
  • Furthermore, the fetal graft may produce trophic factors or signaling cues, which are present in the brain only at early developmental stages, and should reactivate neurotropic processes in a 'dormant' host neuron populations. (org.es)
  • Regenerative medicine has the potential to treat genetic disorders and replace damaged or missing tissue. (biomedcentral.com)
  • We conduct rigorous and reproducible research with translational potential, and cultivate synergistic collaborations both within and outside of our lab. (stanford.edu)
  • Feature papers represent the most advanced research with significant potential for high impact in the field. (mdpi.com)
  • So-called ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI) or reoxygenation injury, happens when blood supply returns to tissue after a period of lack of oxygen. (regenerativemedicine.net)
  • Editors select a small number of articles recently published in the journal that they believe will be particularly interesting to readers, or important in the respective research area. (mdpi.com)
  • Until recently, intravenous recombinant tissue plasminogen activator was the only proven effective treatment for acute stroke. (bmj.com)
  • Eyes of adolescents could reveal risk of cardiovascular disease, study finds New research has found that poorer well-being or 'health-related quality of life' (HRQoL) in adolescence could be an indicator of future cardiovascular disease risk. (bionyt.dk)
  • Study: A research group headed by Professor Outi M kitie, University of Helsinki, Finland, identified in families with childhood-onset osteoporosis disease-causing mutations in a gene that had previously not been connected with the skeletal system or osteoporosis. (regenerativemedicine.net)
  • M kitie's research group, active at the University of Helsinki, the New Children's Hospital of the Hospital District of Helsinki and Uusimaa and the Folkh lsan Research Centre, is investigating the causes of childhood-onset osteoporosis and, in particular, gene defects that predispose individuals to osteoporosis. (regenerativemedicine.net)
  • CNS10-NPC-GDNF were transplanted unilaterally into the lumbar spinal cord of 18 ALS participants in a phase 1/2a study (NCT02943850). (bvsalud.org)
  • Anyone can be an innovator, research finds Innovators aren't born, but they can be made, a recent study suggests. (bionyt.dk)
  • We believe in the value of failures while taking high risk/high reward research, and support each other to keep going. (stanford.edu)