Embryonic cells cloning adult cells clone cells. Medical search. Frequent questions

If the cloned human organism is to be experimented upon and destroyed, the process is often called "therapeutic cloning. (cbc-network.org)
In therapeutic cloning, the blastocyst is not transferred to a womb. (eurostemcell.org)
Another long-term hope for therapeutic cloning is that it could be used to generate cells that are genetically identical to a patient. (eurostemcell.org)
To date, no human embryonic stem cell lines have been derived using therapeutic cloning, so both these possibilities remain very much in the future. (eurostemcell.org)
The therapeutic potential of cloned human cells has been demonstrated by another study using human oocytes to reprogram adult cells of a type 1 diabetic. (news-medical.net)
Although attempts have not yet been made to create a therapeutic transplant from embryonic stem cells, the methods have been developed to allow the creation of functional, mature cells using human cell cloning technology. (news-medical.net)
Other policy options, such as supposed compromises that would prohibit "reproductive cloning" but permit "therapeutic cloning" by prohibiting not the act of creating a cloned embryo but the act of transferring a cloned embryo to a woman's uterus, would inherently mandate the wide-scale destruction of human embryos. (thenewatlantis.com)
5. In 2001, France and Germany requested the United Nations General Assembly to develop international conventions on human reproductive cloning, therapeutic cloning and research on stem cells. (who.int)
In particular, scientific developments in areas such as iPS cells open new possibilities of research and, at mid term, of therapeutic applications, but they also bring new ethical challenges and problems requiring further reflection and debate. (lifeissues.net)
Yet, human embryonic stem cell research has thus far been unsuccessful in the quest to develop any therapeutic treatments. (all.org)
The heated debate in our society over reproductive cloning, as well as therapeutic cloning to obtain embryonic stem cells, has been fueled by misconceptions and hyperbole on both sides. (flfamily.org)
Therapeutic cloning possesses enormous potential for revolutionizing medical and thera- peutic techniques. (who.int)
This is therapeutic cloning. (who.int)
This cell then has therapeutic cloning: the global the capacity to divide and grow into an exact replica of the original from whom the debate somatic cell was taken. (who.int)

It is the policy of Washington state that research involving the derivation and use of human embryonic stem cells, human embryonic germ cells, and human adult stem cells from any source, including somatic cell nuclear transplantation , is permitted upon full consideration of the ethical and medical implications of this research. (cbc-network.org)
These germ cells are the only ones in the body that have their genetic material all jumbled up and in half the quantity of every other kind of cell. (wptv.com)
Stem cells come in three forms: embryonic stem cells, embryonic germ cells and adult stem cells. (cbc.ca)
Embryonic stem cells come from embryos, embryonic germ cells from testes, and adult stem cells can come from bone marrow. (cbc.ca)
This paper outlines the debates prompted through a reproduction mechanism involv- by progress in cloning research, with special ing male and female germ cells. (who.int)

The researchers wanted to see whether "mature" cells that have differentiated to fulfil a specialised role (such as that of an udder cell or a fetal cell) could be returned to a primitive state from which they could grow into entire organisms. (newscientist.com)
Dolly was the culmination of hundreds of cloning experiments that, for example, showed diploid embryonic and fetal cells could be parents of offspring. (wptv.com)
The stem cells suits human needs, does not cause harm and can be obtained from both adult and fetal does not conflict with religious beliefs, it has tissues, umbilical cord and early embryos. (who.int)

That is what New Jersey legislators did when they passed and then Governor James McGreevey signed S-1909 last year, a law that was sold to the public as outlawing human cloning but which actually permits the creation of cloned human life, and its implantation and gestation up to and including the very moment prior to the emergence of the cloned baby from the birth canal. (cbc-network.org)
Some prohibit only cloning for reproductive purposes and allow the creation of cloned human embryos for research, whereas others prohibit the creation of cloned embryos for any purpose. (who.int)

Cloning, or somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT), is the technique used to produce Dolly the sheep, the first animal to be produced as a genetic copy of another adult. (eurostemcell.org)
To produce Dolly, the cloned blastocyst was transferred into the womb of a recipient ewe, where it developed and when born quickly became the world's most famous lamb. (eurostemcell.org)
This has led to a lot of interest in SCNT, which is best known as the method used to pioneer whole animal cloning technology, such as Dolly the sheep. (news-medical.net)
It became a hot topic in 1996 when Dolly the sheep was cloned via a process called somatic cell nuclear transfer. (archstl.org)
This led to the creation of Dolly the cloned sheep . (zmescience.com)
When the world learned in 1997 of Dolly the sheep, the first clone produced from an adult mammal, a broad public discussion about the ethics of human cloning ensued, largely focused on the nature, meaning, and future of human procreation. (thenewatlantis.com)
Although many species produce clonal offspring in this fashion, Dolly, the lamb born in 1996 at a research institute in Scotland, was the first asexually produced mammalian clone. (who.int)
Somatic-cell nuclear transfer, the technique by which Dolly was created, was first used 40 years ago in research with tadpoles and frogs. (who.int)
The difference with Dolly is that all her DNA originated in a cell from the udder of an adult sheep. (newscientist.com)
Dolly was the only lamb born from 277 fusions of oocytes with udder cells. (newscientist.com)
It's been 20 years since scientists in Scotland told the world about Dolly the sheep , the first mammal successfully cloned from an adult body cell. (wptv.com)
What was special about Dolly is that her "parents" were actually a single cell originating from mammary tissue of an adult ewe. (wptv.com)
Dolly was an exact genetic copy of that sheep - a clone. (wptv.com)
In fact, one of the coauthors of the paper announcing Dolly worked in our laboratory for three years prior to going to Scotland to help create the famous clone. (wptv.com)
Dolly was an important milestone, inspiring scientists to continue improving cloning technology as well as to pursue new concepts in stem cell research. (wptv.com)
In contrast, Dolly was produced by what's called somatic cell nuclear transfer. (wptv.com)
Dolly demonstrated that adult somatic cells also could be used as parents. (wptv.com)
By my calculations, Dolly was the single success from 277 tries at somatic cell nuclear transfer. (wptv.com)

The Threat of Human Cloning concludes by calling for laws prohibiting both human cloning and the creation of embryos for research. (thenewatlantis.com)
Pro-cloning forces have been working hard to convince state governments to pass constitutional amendments enshrining a "right" to clone and to destroy embryos for research. (flfamily.org)

Successful somatic-cell nuclear transfer (SCNT) depends on the quality, availability and maturation of the animal's unfertilized oocytes. (nature.com)
For SCNT, the chromosomes of the unfertilized canine oocytes were removed by micromanipulation, and a single donor cell was transferred into each enucleated oocyte. (nature.com)
The primary cloning technique is called "somatic cell nuclear transfer" (SCNT). (cbc-network.org)
If the authors of this bill really meant what they appear to have written, their legislation would ban all human cloning, since as we have seen, biologically, a new human organism, that is, a new human being, comes into existence with the completion of SCNT. (cbc-network.org)
This is junk biology since implanting isn't the act of asexual reproduction: SCNT cloning is. (cbc-network.org)
One cloning technology that has been developed for mammalian and human cells is somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT). (news-medical.net)
SCNT is a method of cloning mammalian cells that can be used to create personalized embryonic stem cells from an adult animal or human. (news-medical.net)
But SCNT can also be used to clone human cells for transplant or other therapies. (news-medical.net)
In humans, a major roadblock in achieving successful SCNT leading to embryonic stem cells has been the fact that human SCNT embryos fail to progress beyond the eight-cell stage. (news-medical.net)
This was the first successful reprogramming of human somatic cells into embryonic stem cells using a cloning technique, SCNT. (news-medical.net)
Another successful attempt at human SCNT was made using cells from two adult males. (news-medical.net)
The team led by Galina Singina at the Ernst Federal Science Center for Animal Husbandry managed to clone the calf using somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT), with embryonic fibroblasts as donors of nuclei. (isaaa.org)

At that point - and this is important to understand - there is no more cloning to be done since a new human organism now exists. (cbc-network.org)
Or to put it the other way around, cloning, not implantation, is what produces a new and distinct human organism. (cbc-network.org)
These stem cells are genetically matched to the donor organism, holding promise for studying genetic disease. (eurostemcell.org)
A clone is an organism that is a genetic copy of an existing one. (who.int)
Scientists were initially interested in somatic-cell nuclear transfer as a means of determining whether genes remain functional even after most of them have been switched off as the cells in a developing organism assume their specialized functions as blood cells, muscle cells, and so forth. (who.int)
The science fiction definition of "clone" suggests that the cloned organism would be an exact genetic copy of another creature-human or beast-created in the laboratory by any of a number of means. (all.org)
There are differences-so much so that despite the "exact copy" claim, the cloned organism is actually unique genetically. (all.org)
XI - embryonic stem cells: embryonic cells that are capable of modifying the cells of any organism tissue. (hinxtongroup.org)
… "embryo" means a human organism during the first 56 days of its development following fertilization or creation, excluding any time during which its development has been suspended, and includes any cell derived from such an organism that is used for the purpose of creating a human being. (hinxtongroup.org)

We tested whether the cloned dogs were genetically identical by microsatellite analysis of genomic DNA from the donor Afghan, the cloned dogs and the surrogates (see supplementary information ). (nature.com)
Analysis of eight canine-specific microsatellite loci confirmed that the cloned dogs were genetically identical to their donor dog. (nature.com)
By transferring adult cell DNA into an embryonic stem cell, it is possible to create a line of immortal embryonic cells that are able to develop into any type of adult cell, genetically identical to the donor. (news-medical.net)
Thus, the clone would be genetically identical to the nucleus donor only if the egg came from the same donor or from her maternal line. (who.int)
Beyond this scientific interest, the commercial concern in animal cloning focuses on replicating large numbers of genetically identical animals, especially those derived from a progenitor that has been modified genetically. (who.int)
When the one-cell embryo duplicates its genetic material, both cells of the now two-cell embryo are genetically identical. (wptv.com)
When they in turn duplicate their genetic material, each cell at the four-cell stage is genetically identical. (wptv.com)
This pattern goes on so that each of the trillions of cells in an adult is genetically exactly the same - whether it's in a lung or a bone or the blood. (wptv.com)
Even while clones are genetically identical, their phenotypes - the characteristics they express - will be different. (wptv.com)

Donor fibroblasts were obtained from an ear-skin biopsy of a male Afghan hound and cultured for two to five passages (in which fully grown cells are transferred to a new culture dish). (nature.com)
Other types of cell lines are also available in X. laevis including: fibroblasts lines of the different strains and LG clones, and a kidney cells line (A6). (rochester.edu)
Dermal fibroblasts were taken from a 35-year old male and a 75-year-old male and used to create embryonic stem cells. (news-medical.net)
The researchers used CRISPR-Cas9 technology to knock out PAEP and LOC100848610, two genes representing beta-lactoglobulin in the bovine genome, and obtain a line of gene-edited embryonic fibroblasts. (isaaa.org)
Human CMV grows only in human cells and replicates best in human fibroblasts. (medscape.com)

The nucleus of a body cell from the DNA donor is removed, and put into the place formerly occupied by the egg's nucleus. (cbc-network.org)
In this procedure, the nucleus of an egg cell is removed and replaced by the nucleus of a cell from another adult. (eurostemcell.org)
After being inserted into the egg, the adult cell nucleus is reprogrammed by the host cell. (eurostemcell.org)
The cloning method is based on the fact that cytoplasmic factors in mature, metaphase II oocytes are able to reset the identity of a transplanted adult cell nucleus to an embryonic state. (news-medical.net)
The nucleus of an adult somatic cell (such as a skin cell) is removed and transferred to an enucleated egg, which is then stimulated with electric current or chemicals to activate cell division. (who.int)
However, an animal created through this technique would not be a precise genetic copy of the source of its nuclear DNA because each clone derives a small amount of its DNA from the mitochondria of the egg (which lie outside the nucleus) rather than from the donor of cell nucleus. (who.int)
In this process, researchers remove the genetic material from an egg and replace it with the nucleus of some other body cell. (wptv.com)
When the nucleus of a stem cell has been the technique of cloning. (who.int)
The con- is removed and replaced by a nucleus of cept of human cloning has long been in the another cell type, the stem cell will then imagination of many scientists, scholars and be reprogrammed to produce the product fiction writers [ 1 ]. (who.int)
The basic techniques of of the implanted nucleus, when it fully cloning have been known for some time, and develops. (who.int)

2. Nuclear transfer is a technique used to duplicate genetic material by creating an embryo through the transfer and fusion of a diploid cell in an enucleated female oocyte.2 Cloning has a broader meaning than nuclear transfer as it also involves gene replication and natural or induced embryo splitting (see Annex 1). (who.int)
Photographs of (a) the procedure of somatic cell transfer (shown with the arrow) into the perivitelline space of an enucleated oocyte, (b) cloned bovine embryos used for transplantation to recipient animals, and (c) cloned calf (obtained in Russia for the first time). (isaaa.org)
Wilmut and his colleagues fuse the empty oocyte with the donor cell by bringing them together and subjecting them to an electric current. (newscientist.com)

The bill purports to promote stem-cell research, while outlawing the cloning of a human being. (cbc-network.org)
While stem-cell research holds enormous potential for treating or even curing some diseases, the cloning of a human being is morally and ethically unacceptable…Any attempt to clone a human being is in direct conflict with the public policies of this state. (cbc-network.org)
What is cloning, and what does it have to do with stem cell research? (eurostemcell.org)
This form of cloning is unrelated to stem cell research. (eurostemcell.org)
They derived several human embryonic stem cell lines from these cloned embryos whose DNA was an exact match to the adult cell that donated the DNA. (news-medical.net)
The adult cell nuclei were transferred into metaphase-II stage human oocytes, producing a karyotypically normal diploid embryonic stem cell line from each of the adult male donor cells. (news-medical.net)
That's why Father Pacholczyk, director of education at the National Catholic Bioethics Center in Philadelphia, said that the efforts to help people understand the immorality of embryo reserch, including human cloning, must focus on humanizing the issue and appreciating our own embryonic origins, not just on the desired results of embryonic or other types of stem-cell research. (archstl.org)
A decade later, cloning came to the forefront in Missouri with the narrow passage of Amendment 2, a ballot initiative in 2006 that constitutionally protects embryonic stem-cell research and human cloning. (archstl.org)
The Catholic Church has always held that stem-cell research and therapies are morally acceptable, as long as they don't involve the creation and destruction of human embryos. (archstl.org)
The petition recognizes that many "Canadians suffer from debilitating illnesses and diseases" and that the petitioners "support ethical stem cell research that has already shown encouraging potential to provide cures and therapies for these illnesses and diseases. (lifesitenews.com)
A stem cell is a type of cell found throughout the body of all human beings. (all.org)
There are those in the government and scientific community who say more money must be spent on human embryonic stem cell research because it holds the most promise for helping people with conditions such as Alzheimer's disease. (all.org)
Alzheimer's researcher Ned Potter said, however, that human embryonic stem cell research would not help the Alzheimer's patient at all. (all.org)
Therefore, it is speculated that those who support human embryonic stem cell research are clamoring loudly for taxpayer dollars because private companies know human embryonic stem cell research is neither worth their time nor their money. (all.org)
There are more than 70 diseases or conditions-including leukemia, immune system and other blood disorders, cancers, and autoimmune diseases-that respond well when adult stem cell therapy is used. (all.org)
It is further speculated that those who support human embryonic stem cell research are also seeking human embryos for the purposes of human cloning. (all.org)
While stem cell research and human cloning are complex topics, the facts are readily available. (all.org)
In addition, Dolly's DNA may have come from a stem cell that had not yet matured into an udder cell. (newscientist.com)
Paul Wagle, M.A., discusses his experience with a life-saving adult stem cell treatment, and the importance of promoting ethical approaches to medical research. (flfamily.org)
In December 1999, the editors of Science, the journal devoted to scientific and medical matters, called stem cell research the 'Breakthrough of the Year. (cbc.ca)
Since then, there has been a flurry of announcements about developments in stem cell research and hints of promising treatments for diseases such as Alzheimer's, Parkinson's and cancer. (cbc.ca)
In May 2007, Ontario and California announced a $30-million stem cell research deal aimed at finding new therapies for those diseases. (cbc.ca)
Ontario and California together account for about 70 per cent of the stem cell research currently conducted in North America. (cbc.ca)
Some of that money would be aimed at turning the state into the second-largest stem cell research region in the United States. (cbc.ca)
However, researchers at the Harvard Stem Cell Institute say reprogrammed cells won't eliminate the need or value of studying embryonic stem cells. (cbc.ca)
One of the greatest controversies triggered tissue, a stem cell encoding for heart tissue by the rapid pace of evolution in biology, will eventually develop into heart tissue particularly in genomics and biotechnology, and so on. (who.int)

The second way to reproduce is a strictly human invention - known as "asexual" reproduction - or more commonly, cloning. (cbc-network.org)
Cloning of a human being" means asexual reproduction by implanting or attempting to implant the product of nuclear transplantation [e.g., an embryo] into a uterus or substitute for a uterus with the purpose of producing a human being. (cbc-network.org)

But there was no way to easily know all the characteristics of the animal that would result from a cloned embryo or fetus. (wptv.com)

However, following the successful derivation of human embryonic stem cells in 1998, the debate over human cloning largely shifted to the question of whether it is acceptable for scientists to create human embryos only to destroy them. (thenewatlantis.com)
But cloning research continued, and American scientists announced in 2013 that they had for the first time successfully obtained stem cells from cloned human embryos. (thenewatlantis.com)
1. Cloning is an umbrella term traditionally used by scientists to describe different processes for duplicating biological material. (who.int)
But scientists have not managed to isolate such cells from farm animals, and must rely instead on injecting genes randomly into early embryos. (newscientist.com)
New techniques in cloning frozen mammals may allow scientists to bring back the mammoth. (singularityhub.com)
More than a decade after their first attempt, a team of Japanese scientists have announced that they will aim to clone a woolly mammoth in the next five years. (singularityhub.com)
As we recently discussed , scientists have been pursuing cloning endangered and extinct species with middling success. (singularityhub.com)
These scientists experimented eagerly in aims of learning how to clone human. (benjaminbarber.org)
Common answers to the puzzling questions about humans and cloning are still trying to be answered today, and scientists and the public are eager to learn all they can about cloning. (benjaminbarber.org)
Scientists have been all abuzz in the last few years over stem cells - cellular magicians that promise to dazzle and amaze. (cbc.ca)
Scientists say embryonic stem cells are the most useful type because they have the potential to become any type of cell within the body. (cbc.ca)
Scientists are fascinated by the ability of stem cells to become any type of cell. (cbc.ca)

This was believed to be due to an inability to activate certain embryonic genes. (news-medical.net)
The fact that the DNA of a fully differentiated (adult) cell could be stimulated to revert to a condition comparable to that of a newly fertilized egg and to repeat the process of embryonic development demonstrates that all the genes in differentiated cells retain their functional capacity, although only a few are active. (who.int)
More importantly, biotechnologists will for the first time be able to manipulate the genes of cells from farm animals directly before growing them into embryos. (newscientist.com)
But previous approaches required the use of viruses to deliver the four genes needed to activate the cell and accomplish that task. (cbc.ca)

The Church also supports research and therapies using adult stem cells, which are cells that come from any person who has been born - including umbilical cord blood, bone marrow, skin and other organs. (archstl.org)
Obtaining stem cells from fatty tissue, bone marrow, or the umbilical cord after the birth of a baby, on the other hand, may be done ethically. (all.org)

After many divisions in culture, this single cell forms a blastocyst (an early stage embryo with about 100 cells) with almost identical DNA to the original donor who provided the adult cell - a genetic clone. (eurostemcell.org)
Instead, embryonic stem cells are isolated from the cloned blastocyst. (eurostemcell.org)
After growing and dividing for a week or so in a laboratory culture dish, the fused cell forms an early embryo called a blastocyst, which Wilmut's team implants into a surrogate mother. (newscientist.com)

WHA50.37 of 1997 argues that human cloning is ethically unacceptable and contrary to human integrity and morality. (who.int)
WHA50.37, which states "the use of cloning for the replication of human individuals is ethically unacceptable and contrary to human integrity and morality. (who.int)

… "human clone" means an embryo that, as a result of the manipulation of human reproductive material or an in vitro embryo, contains a diploid set of chromosomes obtained from a single - living or deceased - human being, fetus, or embryo. (hinxtongroup.org)

I've been working with mammalian embryos for over 40 years, with some work in my lab specifically focusing on various methods of cloning cattle and other livestock species. (wptv.com)

In Dolly's case, the cell came from the mammary gland of an adult ewe. (eurostemcell.org)
The technique used by Reik and his team comes from the 1990s when researchers from the Roslin Institute found a way to turn an adult mammary gland cell taken from a sheep into an embryo. (zmescience.com)

But recent evidence suggests it may be possible to reprogram adult stems to repair tissues. (cbc.ca)

The stem cells could be studied in the laboratory to help researchers understand what goes wrong in diseases like these. (eurostemcell.org)
UK researchers have rejuvenated the skin cells of a 53-year-old woman so they are the equivalent of a 23-year-olds. (zmescience.com)
Researchers from the Ernst Federal Science Center for Animal Husbandry, Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology (Skoltech), Moscow State University, and their colleagues have produced the first viable cloned calf in Russia - and she recently turned one. (isaaa.org)
For each clone, the Roslin researchers combine material from two sources. (newscientist.com)
Next, the researchers take cells containing donor genetic material. (newscientist.com)
Researchers there are working on technology that induces human skin cells to change into the kind of stem cells that have been created by embryos. (cbc.ca)

In most countries, it is illegal to attempt reproductive cloning in humans. (eurostemcell.org)
If the same could be achieved in humans, it would mean that each of us could have clones of ourselves made from our own tissue. (newscientist.com)
But if, as seems likely, the Roslin team has succeeded in making an entire animal from adult tissue, it might be possible to do the same for humans. (newscientist.com)
Cloning humans has recently become a possibility that seems much more feasible in today's society than it was twenty years ago. (benjaminbarber.org)
It is not known when or how cloning humans really became a possibility, but it is known that there are two possible ways that we can clone humans. (benjaminbarber.org)
There is no doubt that many problems involving the technological and ethical sides of this issue will arise and will be virtually impossible to avoid, but the overall idea of cloning humans is one that we should accept as a possible reality for the future. (benjaminbarber.org)
Cloning humans is an idea that has always been thought of as something that could be found in science fiction novels, but never as a concept that society could actually experience. (benjaminbarber.org)

The report offers an ethical and policy analysis, articulating what makes cloning morally repugnant and calling for the practice to be definitively prohibited in the United States. (thenewatlantis.com)
It is always and in every case morally wrong to intentionally kill an innocent human being at any point in life, including the embryonic stage of development. (all.org)

General Assembly the adoption of a declaration on human cloning by which Member States were called upon to prohibit all forms of human cloning inasmuch as they are incompatible with human dignity and the protection of human life. (who.int)

Figure 1: Dog cloned by somatic-cell nuclear transfer. (nature.com)
Sometimes the process of cloning by somatic cell nuclear transfer still produces abnormal embryos, most of which die. (wptv.com)

Cloning of human cells is a technology that holds the potential to cure many diseases and provide a source of exactly matched transplant tissues and organs. (news-medical.net)
These cells have been sought after as potential therapies for diseases ranging from heart disease to Parkinson's to cancer. (news-medical.net)
Father Tad Pacholczyk is convinced that embryonic stem cells will someday cure diseases. (archstl.org)
However, the use of stem cells to treat diseases is still extremely limited in the present day. (zmescience.com)
The use of various types of stem cells for research purposes to make disease "models" in the lab for regenerative medicine and for "therapies" to cure sick patients for diseases is constantly in the news. (lifeissues.net)

your supposed cloning ban actually authorizes human cloning, implantation, and gestation through the ninth month. (cbc-network.org)
And now Washington joins the infamous list with Senate Bill 5594, a thoroughly disingenuous piece of legislation that purports to outlaw the cloning of human beings, but by manipulating language and redefining terms, actually permits human cloning and gestation of the resulting cloned embryos through the ninth month. (cbc-network.org)
Assuming a few years to find suitable mammoth DNA and adapt Wakayama's techniques for this experiment, and 600 days of gestation once the clone is implanted in an adult African elephant, we could have a mammoth birth in five years or so. (singularityhub.com)

It was believed that the epigenetic signature and age-related changes such as shortened telomeres and oxidative DNA damage might hinder reprogramming of mature adult nuclei. (news-medical.net)

Dr. Irving, whose Ph.D. included a doctoral concentration in secular bioethics at the world's foremost bioethics institute, noted that the bill was poorly prepared using faulty science and lacking basic definitions necessary to have the law actually ban cloning as it claims it does. (lifesitenews.com)
Human cloning is a reality, with human cloning experiments now being conducted-not by fictional wild-eyed rebels, but by credentialed experts working in some of the world's most respected institutions, some of which are publicly funded with tax dollars. (all.org)
Last year they used the same reproductive technology to create the world's first cloned lambs (Nature, vol 380, p 64). (newscientist.com)

The term "clone", from the Greek word for twig, denotes a group of identical entities. (who.int)
In sexual reproduction, clones are created when a fertilized egg splits to produce identical (monozygous) twins with identical genomes. (who.int)
It is a method that involves the production of a group of identical cells or organisms that all derive from a single individual (Grolier 220). (benjaminbarber.org)
The second method of cloning a human involves taking cells from an already existing human being and cloning them, in turn creating other individuals that are identical to that particular person. (benjaminbarber.org)

This kind of cloning is today being performed at several scientific labs in the United States, despite the availability of alternative techniques that produce cells of nearly the same scientific and medical value but that require neither the creation nor destruction of human embryos. (thenewatlantis.com)

But what is not getting such wide reporting is the use of pluripotent stem cells (as well as many other types of cells and genetic engineering techniques) for reproductive purposes . (lifeissues.net)

Cloning-for-biomedical-research also endangers the health and safety of the women called on to undergo dangerous hormone treatments to serve as egg donors. (thenewatlantis.com)

The latest experiments have also produced three lambs from the cells of a sheep fetus aborted after 26 days, and four from a nine-day-old embryo. (newscientist.com)
This time, we thought we'd take them from a fetus and an adult as well. (newscientist.com)

Here we describe the cloning of two Afghan hounds by nuclear transfer from adult skin cells into oocytes that had matured in vivo . (nature.com)
For example, stem cells could be generated using the nuclear transfer process described above, with the donor adult cell coming from a patient with diabetes or Alzheimer's. (eurostemcell.org)
3. Media reports on nuclear transfer are usually about one form, reproductive nuclear transfer, also known as reproductive cloning of human beings . (who.int)

In Alzheimer's, it is the degeneration of the nerve cells that cause the problem because they lose their ability to connect with each other. (all.org)

The United States government can, and must, outlaw human cloning. (thenewatlantis.com)

His new method, known as induced pluripotent stem cells (IPS) , added chemicals to adult cells for about 50 days. (zmescience.com)

First, they extract immature, unfertilised egg cells called oocytes from the ovaries of ewes. (newscientist.com)

The main issue as to whether or not human cloning is possible through the splitting of embryos began in 1993 when experimentation was done at George Washington University Medical Center in Washington D. C. There Dr. Jerry Hall experimented with the possibility of human cloning and began this moral and ethical debate. (benjaminbarber.org)
Although we cannot clone a human yet, this experiment occurred almost two years ago and triggered almost an ethical emergency. (benjaminbarber.org)
Cloning technology, however, is perceived as having the potential for reproductive cloning, which raises serious ethical and moral concerns. (who.int)

Those were spindle removal, donor cell fusion, and cytoplast activation. (news-medical.net)
Wilmut says there were so many failures because it is difficult to ensure that the empty oocyst and the donor cell are at the same stage of the cell division cycle. (newscientist.com)

The technology is based on the techniques used to famously clone the sheep more than 25 years ago. (zmescience.com)
She lived to six and a half years, when she was eventually put down after a contagious disease spread through her flock, infecting cloned and normally reproduced sheep alike. (wptv.com)

Similar or modified techniques may allow Iritani and his team to take mammoth DNA previously considered too damage to be viable, and boot strap it into a clone. (singularityhub.com)

Meanwhile, the ability of the mature egg to transform and begin embryonic development remains fully potent. (cbc-network.org)
The ability to transform skin cells into stem cells isn't new. (cbc.ca)
However, it appears that the ability of the In its simplest form, cloning is defined stem cells to transform is limited, except as the exact replication of cells. (who.int)

She is the first mammal ever created from the non-reproductive tissue of an adult animal. (newscientist.com)
Mammary glands are rich in these cells, which are more adaptable than other tissue. (newscientist.com)
In a study published in the online journal Nature on March 1, 2009, Canadian researches described a new method for generating stem cells from adult human tissue. (cbc.ca)

Although the latest scientific work related to cloning has been focused on potential medical applications, much of that research is relevant to the creation of cloned children. (thenewatlantis.com)
Cloning-for-biomedical-research is also profoundly unethical, as it turns human reproduction into a manufacturing process in the most literal sense: human embryos are created to serve as raw materials for the production of biomedical research supplies. (thenewatlantis.com)
If research cloning is not stopped now, we face the prospect of the mass farming of human embryos and fetuses, and the transformation of the noble enterprise of biomedical research into a grotesque system of exploitation and death. (thenewatlantis.com)
increased public sensitivity and awareness together with the development of national regulations of governance of human cloning and embryo research in general. (lifeissues.net)
3. National regulations of governance of human cloning and embryo research in general adopted so far confirm the convergence of views of the refusal to adopt legislation or guidelines permitting reproductive cloning , while they still show variations on the legitimacy of human cloning carried out as part of research agendas. (lifeissues.net)
No harm comes to the person whose stem cells are obtained for research in such a fashion. (all.org)
Contrary to the impression many people have, research involving human embryonic stem cells is not new. (all.org)
On the other hand, research involving adult stem cells has not only been around for a long time, it has also been used successfully for decades! (all.org)
CLI's Vice President and Research Director, Dr. David Prentice, recently joined Molly Smith, host of From the Median, to explain the science, history, and politics of stem cells. (flfamily.org)
This new method of generating stem cells does not require embryos as starting points and could be used to generate cells from many adult tissues, such as a patient's own skin cells,' said principal author Andras Nagy, senior investigator at Mount Sinai's Samuel Lunenfeld Research Institute. (cbc.ca)

X. laevis is the only amphibian where true lymphoid tumors have been discovered and cell lines have been obtained opening new avenues for tumor biology and tumor immunity. (rochester.edu)

Now, Reik and his team used the IPS technique on 53-year-old skin cells. (zmescience.com)
The new technique means they will not need embryonic stem cells. (newscientist.com)
Now, another Japanese scientist, Teruhiko Wakayama of RIKEN , has developed a technique that allowed him to clone a mouse from a body frozen for 16 years. (singularityhub.com)

A patient transplanted with these cells would not suffer the problems associated with rejection. (eurostemcell.org)

The Threat of Human Cloning begins by laying out the scientific and policy background of the cloning debates. (thenewatlantis.com)
The present report gives an overview of the terms and methods used in cloning and summarizes the debates in the General Assembly. (who.int)

If it is to be brought to birth, the process is usually called "reproductive cloning. (cbc-network.org)
When the cloning process is used in this way, to produce a living duplicate of an existing animal, it is commonly called reproductive cloning. (eurostemcell.org)
Cloning embryos is different from the genetic process of in vitro fertilization, but still holds many similarities with it. (benjaminbarber.org)

Anatomy23

Organisms6

Diseases3

Chemicals and Drugs12

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment18

Phenomena and Processes31

Information Science4

Named Groups1

Therapeutic14

Germ cells5

Fetal3

Creation of cloned human2

Dolly18

Embryos for research2

SCNT12

Organism9

Genetically9

Fibroblasts5

Nucleus10

Oocyte3

Stem cell26

Asexual reproduction2

Embryo or fetus1

Scientists12

Genes4

Bone marrow2

Blastocyst3

Ethically unacceptable2

Diploid1

Mammalian1

Mammary gland2

Reprogram adult1

Researchers6

Humans7

Morally2

Prohibit1

Somatic cell nuclear2

Diseases5

Gestation3

Nuclei1

World's3

Identical4

Destruction of human1

Reproductive purposes1

Donors1

Fetus2

Nuclear transfer3

Alzheimer's1

Outlaw1

Pluripotent stem1

Oocytes1

Ethical3

Donor cell2

Sheep2

Viable1

Transform3

Tissue3

Research10

Biology1

Technique3

Rejection1

Debates2

Process3