Embryo cloning cloned embryo. Medical search. Frequent questions

Therapeutic cloning, known as "clone and kill" because the embryo is not transplanted into a surrogate mother for development, is favored by many scientists. (wnd.com)
The object of reproductive cloning is to implant the cloned embryo into a surrogate mother and permit the human child to develop. (wnd.com)
The developing embryos were transplanted into a female sheep (the surrogate mother), where they developed naturally. (msdmanuals.com)

The American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS) and other scientific organizations have made public statements suggesting that human reproductive cloning be banned until safety issues are resolved. (wikipedia.org)

Advocates for reproductive cloning believe that parents who cannot otherwise procreate should have access to technology. (wikipedia.org)
Most scientific, governmental and religious organizations oppose reproductive cloning. (wikipedia.org)
Proponents claim that human reproductive cloning also would produce benefits to couples who cannot otherwise procreate. (wikipedia.org)
Article 11 of UNESCO's Universal Declaration on the Human Genome and Human Rights asserts that the reproductive cloning of human beings is contrary to human dignity, that a potential life represented by the embryo is destroyed when embryonic cells are used, and there is a significant likelihood that cloned individuals would be biologically damaged, due to the inherent unreliability of cloning technology. (wikipedia.org)
The first ever meeting of the Committee on an International Convention Against the Reproductive Cloning of Human Beings last week hosted national delegates and experts from Syria, Chile, Israel, Spain and the United States, among others. (wnd.com)
The committee is expected to "define a negotiation mandate" for a possible treaty to ban human reproductive cloning. (wnd.com)
Therapeutic cloning, as distinct from reproductive cloning, will lead to unprecedented medical advances, say researchers. (wnd.com)
Reproductive cloning is defended as a means of providing children for infertile couples or for homosexual pairs. (wnd.com)
Critics of reproductive cloning point out that it inevitably will be used to create a "master race" of humans. (wnd.com)
Reproductive cloning in animals has a 3-8 percent success rate. (wnd.com)
Many nations oppose human reproductive cloning as "inherently unethical. (wnd.com)
France and Germany originally proposed that human reproductive cloning be banned under a treaty to be negotiated at the U.N. (wnd.com)
Sen. Sam Brownback, R-Kan., is the sponsor of a bill, S. 1899, that provides a comprehensive ban on human cloning, both "therapeutic" cloning and reproductive cloning. (wnd.com)
Some, however, consider that reproductive cloning could be acceptable in certain cases, such as otherwise untreatable infertility, or to avoid inherited genetic diseases. (who.int)
Some also perceive reproductive cloning as a high-technology intervention of little relevance to the health needs of the vast majority of the world's population. (who.int)
Reproductive cloning is expensive and highly inefficient. (wikiquote.org)
2. Over the years, the international community has tried without success to build a consensus on an international convention against the reproductive cloning of human beings. (who.int)
3. Creating awareness among ministries of health in the African Region will provide them with critical and relevant information on the reproductive cloning of human beings and its implications to the health status of the general population. (who.int)
7. The WHO Regional Committee for Africa is invited to review this document for information and guidance concerning reproductive cloning of human beings. (who.int)
3. Media reports on nuclear transfer are usually about one form, reproductive nuclear transfer, also known as reproductive cloning of human beings . (who.int)
5. In 2001, France and Germany requested the United Nations General Assembly to develop international conventions on human reproductive cloning, therapeutic cloning and research on stem cells. (who.int)
Cloning technology, however, is perceived as having the potential for reproductive cloning, which raises serious ethical and moral concerns. (who.int)
Reproductive cloning versus germ cell (egg, ovum). (who.int)

It became a hot topic in 1996 when Dolly the sheep was cloned via a process called somatic cell nuclear transfer. (archstl.org)
Somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT) is a type of cloning that has to be done in a lab. (bartleby.com)
In SCNT they take the nucleolus out of an egg cell, replace it with the nucleolus of a somatic cell (body cell with two complete sets of chromosomes), and make the egg cell divide into a blastocyst ("What Is Cloning? (bartleby.com)
Before the announcement in February 1997 of the cloning of a sheep by somatic cell nuclear transfer, existing legislation in a number of countries already precluded human cloning for reproductive purposes, sometimes implicitly. (who.int)
It is also our view that there are no sound reasons for treating the early-stage human embryo or cloned human embryo as anything special, or as having moral status greater than human somatic cells in tissue culture. (wikiquote.org)
This cell then has therapeutic cloning: the global the capacity to divide and grow into an exact replica of the original from whom the debate somatic cell was taken. (who.int)

Cloned cows that produce 'humanised' milk have been met with limited enthusiasm. (abc.net.au)
Although the simple use of the word 'clone' may have negative connotations, many people have resigned themselves to the idea of cloning cows that produce more milk or using a cloned mouse for use in controlled experimentation. (bartleby.com)

Can biotechnology firms claim genetically modified, or GM, human embryos as intellectual property rights? (wnd.com)
The book is separated into three chapters covering biotechnology, animal cloning and human cloning. (progress.org.uk)
Whilst it is targeted at 14-18 year olds, 'Biotechnology and Cloning' assumes a high level of knowledge on an ambitious range of hard to grasp topics, none of which are directly explained in the book. (progress.org.uk)
Buy Biotechnology and Cloning from Amazon UK . (progress.org.uk)
Cloning in biotechnology refers to processes used to create copies of DNA fragments ( molecular cloning ), cells (cell cloning), or organisms . (wikiquote.org)
Developments in biotechnology have raised new concerns about animal welfare, as farm animals now have their genomes modified (genetically engineered) or copied (cloned) to propagate certain traits useful to agribusiness, such as meat yield or feed conversion. (wikiquote.org)

However, opponents argue that creating and experimenting with human embryos is unethical. (bbc.co.uk)
Creating a human by cloning is widely seen as unethical, is illegal in many countries, and is technically difficult. (msdmanuals.com)

Ethicists have speculated on difficulties that might arise in a world where human clones exist. (wikipedia.org)

A blastocyst (cloned or not), because it lacks any trace of a nervous system, has no capacity for suffering or conscious experience in any form - the special properties that, in our view, spell the difference between biological tissue and a human life worthy of respect and rights. (wikiquote.org)

A type of cloning that occurs naturally is when identical twins are born ("What Is Cloning? (bartleby.com)
Moreover, most early-stage embryos that are produced naturally (that is, through the union of egg and sperm resulting from sexual intercourse) fail to implant and are therefore wasted or destroyed. (wikiquote.org)

The National Institutes of Health defines a human embryo as "the developing organism from the time of fertilization until the end of the eighth week of gestation. (archstl.org)
A clone is an organism that is a genetic copy of an existing one. (who.int)
However, cloning need not only be used to create a whole organism. (msdmanuals.com)
Whether a cell used for a clone produces a specific type of tissue, a specific organ, or an entire organism depends on the potential of the cell-that is, how highly the cell has developed into a particular type of tissue. (msdmanuals.com)

Human cloning science offers the possibility that stem cells harvested from cloned embryos could be used to treat diseases like Parkinson's, diabetes and heart disease. (bbc.co.uk)
I often say to people the day is coming when you're going to open the New York Times, and above the fold, it's going to say, 'Embryos cure Parkinson's,' or 'Embryos cure diabetes,'" he said. (archstl.org)
The technique, scientists say, was not designed to clone humans but to advance the understanding of the process known as therapeutic cloning, which could lead to treatment of diseases like diabetes and Parkinson's disease. (cnn.com)

animals are currently cloned in laboratories and in livestock production. (wikipedia.org)
Given that we have an efficiency of 1% cloning for livestock species and if only one in a thousand cells are viable then around 100,000 cells would need to be transferred. (wikiquote.org)

Japanese researchers plan to resurrect the long-extinct mammoth by using cloning technology to bring the ancient pachyderm back to life in around five years time, according to a report. (abc.net.au)
A cloning pioneer regarded as a hero in his South Korean homeland has resigned and apologised for using human eggs from his own researchers. (bbc.co.uk)
SOHN JIE-AE, CNN CORRESPONDENT (voice-over): South Korean researchers report that they have created embryos through cloning, not for the purpose of making babies, but to create stem cells for scientific research. (cnn.com)

To examine the involvement of executioner caspases in hyperthermia-induced cell-death in a poikilotherm vertebrate species, five genes encoding caspase-3,-6, and -7 were cloned from Atlantic salmon, and the expression was studied in thermal stressed salmon embryos. (nofima.no)
Cloned human embryos express the genes required for pluripotency, but animal-human hybrids do not, according to a study published today (Feb. 2nd) in the journal__ linkurl:Cloning and Stem Cells. (the-scientist.com)

Genetics controversy Biologists in China have carried out the first experiment to alter the DNA of human embryos, igniting an outcry from scientists who warn against altering the human genome in a way that could last for generations. (abc.net.au)
There are no international laws governing the use of cells and embryos, but scientists said a tough regulatory climate - like that in force in the UK - could prevent such abuses or misunderstandings. (bbc.co.uk)
Australia's federal cabinet moved this week to ban the use of leftover in-vitro fertilization embryos for research, provoking speculation that renowned Australian scientists may immigrate to countries where embryo research is permitted. (wnd.com)
South Korean scientists say they have taken a major step forward in cloning human embryos for medical research purposes. (cnn.com)
After a few days, stem cells were formed, and scientists were able to remove them from the embryo and transfer them to a Petri dish. (cnn.com)
1. Cloning is an umbrella term traditionally used by scientists to describe different processes for duplicating biological material. (who.int)
The con- is removed and replaced by a nucleus of cept of human cloning has long been in the another cell type, the stem cell will then imagination of many scientists, scholars and be reprogrammed to produce the product fiction writers [ 1 ]. (who.int)

Whole-mount in situ hybridization of the salmon embryo identified caspase-7 mRNA in the lens exclusively, while caspase-3B and caspase-6A/B were expressed in multiple tissues of exposed and control embryos. (nofima.no)
Advocates support the development of therapeutic cloning in order to generate tissues and whole organs to treat patients who otherwise cannot obtain transplants, to avoid the need for immunosuppressive drugs, and to stave off the effects of aging. (wikipedia.org)
Opponents of cloning have concerns that technology is not yet developed enough to be safe, and that it could be prone to abuse, either in the form of clones raised as slaves, or leading to the generation of humans from whom organs and tissues would be harvested. (wikipedia.org)
Advocates of human therapeutic cloning believe the practice could provide genetically identical cells for regenerative medicine, and tissues and organs for transplantation. (wikipedia.org)
In Aubrey de Grey's proposed SENS (Strategies for Engineered Negligible Senescence), one of the considered options to repair the cell depletion related to cellular senescence is to grow replacement tissues from stem cells harvested from a cloned embryo. (wikipedia.org)
The stem cells suits human needs, does not cause harm and can be obtained from both adult and fetal does not conflict with religious beliefs, it has tissues, umbilical cord and early embryos. (who.int)

A well-respected medical ethicist from one of Canada's leading universities says Canada must not legalize embryonic cloning for any purpose, including therapeutic purposes. (catholicnewsagency.com)
One bioethicist, Jacob M. Appel of New York University, has gone so far as to argue that "children cloned for therapeutic purposes" such as "to donate bone marrow to a sibling with leukemia" may someday be viewed as heroes. (wikipedia.org)

Rather, after having published analyses of dozens of state, national, federal and international legislative attempts to ban human cloning research, I simply wish to offer seriously considered suggestions for the use of scientifically accurate language and definitions to be used in such endeavors in order to prevent loopholes which would result in much human cloning not being really banned. (lifeissues.net)
Thus to use the phrase "of an existing or previously existing human being" to refer to the product of human cloning would not be a scientifically accurate description of the cloned or genetically engineered human embryo -- thus creating yet another loophole in the bill or treaty. (lifeissues.net)
YOON-YOUNG (through translator): The result of our research proves it is possible scientifically for human cloning, and we are likely to revive the controversy over human cloning. (cnn.com)

Quiz Four of Dolly the sheep's clones have turned nine. (abc.net.au)
One of the embryos survived, and the resulting lamb was named Dolly. (msdmanuals.com)

The main objection to the use of human cloning for reproductive purposes is that it would be contrary to human dignity as it would violate the uniqueness and indeterminateness of the human being. (who.int)
WHA50.37 of 1997 argues that human cloning is ethically unacceptable and contrary to human integrity and morality. (who.int)
WHA50.37, which states "the use of cloning for the replication of human individuals is ethically unacceptable and contrary to human integrity and morality. (who.int)

What is the legal status of a cloned person who has no parents, guardians or advocates? (wnd.com)

A clone is a group of genetically identical cells or organisms derived from a single cell or individual. (msdmanuals.com)

While Somerville does not seem to disagree with the creation of embryos for in vitro fertilization, she states that embryos are indeed human life that should be respected. (catholicnewsagency.com)
We characterize the activation kinetics of these reagents in vitro and demonstrate their efficacy in zebrafish embryos that express NfsB either ubiquitously or in defined cell populations. (cdc.gov)

Animal eggs no good for cloning? (the-scientist.com)
These eggs simply do not reprogram," lead author linkurl:Robert Lanza,;http://www.robertlanza.com/ chief scientific officer of Advanced Cell Technology in Worcester, Mass., said of the human-animal hybrid embryos. (the-scientist.com)
Claims that you could clone individual treatments of human beings to treat common diseases like diabetes, suggests you need a huge supply of human eggs. (wikiquote.org)
The eggs then started to develop into embryos. (msdmanuals.com)

In bioethics, the ethics of cloning refers to a variety of ethical positions regarding the practice and possibilities of cloning, especially human cloning. (wikipedia.org)
Dr. Irving, whose Ph.D. included a doctoral concentration in secular bioethics at the world's foremost bioethics institute, noted that the bill was poorly prepared using faulty science and lacking basic definitions necessary to have the law actually ban cloning as it claims it does. (lifesitenews.com)
That's why Father Pacholczyk, director of education at the National Catholic Bioethics Center in Philadelphia, said that the efforts to help people understand the immorality of embryo reserch, including human cloning, must focus on humanizing the issue and appreciating our own embryonic origins, not just on the desired results of embryonic or other types of stem-cell research. (archstl.org)

When people argue that the embryo is too small to consider its humanity, Father Pacholczyk, a neuroscientist and theologian, uses an analogy of a bomber plane flying high in the sky. (archstl.org)

In another example, there may be expectations that the cloned individuals would act identically to the human from which they were cloned, which could infringe on the right to self-determination. (wikipedia.org)
In January, the company revealed that a promising bovine study confirmed their expectations that cloned embryo cells could be directed to grow a functioning organ. (wnd.com)

The reader benefits from the scholar's clear explanation about embryonic stem-cell research and therapeutic cloning. (catholicnewsagency.com)
While some observers disagree with any use of embryos for scientific research, the overall position taken by the Assisted Human Reproduction Act seeks to maintain respect for human life and its transmission," she says in her conclusion. (catholicnewsagency.com)
The first day of debate provoked strong arguments both in favor of freedom of research and in favor of a ban on human cloning. (wnd.com)
The human embryo is cloned, then used only for research or therapeutic treatments. (wnd.com)
A decade later, cloning came to the forefront in Missouri with the narrow passage of Amendment 2, a ballot initiative in 2006 that constitutionally protects embryonic stem-cell research and human cloning. (archstl.org)
The Catholic Church has always held that stem-cell research and therapies are morally acceptable, as long as they don't involve the creation and destruction of human embryos. (archstl.org)
These preparatory interregional and interdisciplinary meetings focused on the following areas: cloning and human reproductive health, biologicals, organ transplantation, research, and medical genetics. (who.int)
In terms of existing ethical guidelines for biomedical research involving human subjects, human cloning for reproductive purposes raises concerns about risk in relation to benefit, informed consent, and accountability. (who.int)
The "pros" and "cons" of human cloning research have already been dealt with at length in the literature, so they will not be reviewed here. (lifeissues.net)
PROF. HWANG YOON-YOUNG, HANYANG UNIVERSITY (through translator): Our research team has successfully culled stem cells from a cloned human embryo through mature growing process in a test tube. (cnn.com)
KAGAN: Supporters of therapeutic cloning say it holds tremendous promise of medical research, but ethical concerns arise because the research destroys human embryos. (cnn.com)
This paper outlines the debates prompted through a reproduction mechanism involv- by progress in cloning research, with special ing male and female germ cells. (who.int)

Action by various states, nations and international organizations was spurred by the November announcement by Massachusetts-based Advanced Cell Technology that it had successfully cloned human embryos. (wnd.com)

The Ethical Debate Concerning Cloning In the year that has elapsed since the announcement of Dolly's birth, there has been much discussion of the ethical implications of cloning humans. (bartleby.com)
However, the idea of cloning humans is a highly charged topic. (bartleby.com)
Studies suggest that cloned higher animals (and thus humans) are more likely to have serious or fatal genetic defects than normally conceived offspring. (msdmanuals.com)

Serious ethical concerns have been raised by the future possibility of harvesting organs from clones. (wikipedia.org)
A third view says that cloning will provide for the possibility of improvement by giving birth to children who are free of birth defects, because when any two people create a child through sex there is the possibility for genetic defects. (bartleby.com)

It reports on implementation of resolution WHA50.37 concerning ethical, scientific and social implications of cloning in human health. (who.int)
Resolution WHA50.37 requested the Director-General to clarify the potential applications of cloning procedures in human health and their ethical, scientific and social implications. (who.int)
un tel dialogue prendra en considération non seulement les bienfaits scientifiques mais également les implications morales, éthiques et juridiques. (who.int)

DARYN KAGAN, ANCHOR: Another story we're watching very closely today, the medical and moral debate over cloning. (cnn.com)

2. Nuclear transfer is a technique used to duplicate genetic material by creating an embryo through the transfer and fusion of a diploid cell in an enucleated female oocyte.2 Cloning has a broader meaning than nuclear transfer as it also involves gene replication and natural or induced embryo splitting (see Annex 1). (who.int)

More than 90% of cloning attempts fail to produce viable offspring. (wikiquote.org)

Cloning of animals is opposed by animal-groups due to the number of cloned animals that suffer from malformations before they die, and while meat of cloned animals has been approved by the US FDA, its use is opposed by some other groups concerned about food safety. (wikipedia.org)
In addition to low success rates, cloned animals tend to have more compromised immune function and higher rates of infection, tumor growth, and other disorders. (wikiquote.org)

A United Nations ad hoc committee has opened discussions on the merits and morality of cloning human beings, addressing many new questions that arise when considering the impact of such practice. (wnd.com)

The Senate will consider three bills on human cloning in the spring. (wnd.com)
Note that each and every individual "loophole" discussed below that permits human cloning by default (and most bills have literally dozens of such loopholes) thus permits it for both "therapeutic" and for "reproductive" human cloning. (lifeissues.net)

They made this egg divide and turn into blastosis, an early stage embryo. (cnn.com)

In biology , cloning is the process of producing similar populations of genetically identical individuals that occurs in nature when organisms such as bacteria , insects or plants reproduce asexually . (wikiquote.org)

The United States Senate Judiciary Committee also is reviewing the human cloning issue. (wnd.com)
Although cloning is not an important issue presently, it could potentially replace sexual reproduction as our method of producing children. (bartleby.com)
Surely one of the most critical issues before the world today is the issue of human cloning. (lifeissues.net)

Opponents have also raised concerns about how cloned individuals could integrate with families and with society at large. (wikipedia.org)

Robert P. Lanza of Advanced Cell Technology claimed his project is "proof of the principle that 'therapeutic cloning' can work. (wnd.com)
When the nucleus of a stem cell has been the technique of cloning. (who.int)

This process allows people to clone living things of any sort. (bartleby.com)

This last point hints at a broader reason to be very careful about how we treat embryos - the precedents we could set that would be open to the application to the rest of us," she warns. (catholicnewsagency.com)

An embryo in its first days of development is no bigger than a period at the end of a sentence, Father Pacholczyk often points out. (archstl.org)
The endomesoderm gene regulatory network (GRN) models the transcriptional control system defining vegetal specification of the sea urchin( Strongylocentrotus purpuratus ) embryo during the first 30 hours of development. (biologists.com)

The various forms of cloning, particularly human cloning, are controversial. (wikipedia.org)
Thus, e.g., leaving out certain human cloning techniques in a bill means that the bill will not ban the use of those forms of human cloning techniques -- and thus they will be allowed. (lifeissues.net)
Nevertheless, the report is sure to spark a renewal of the debate over whether all forms of human cloning should be banned. (cnn.com)
General Assembly the adoption of a declaration on human cloning by which Member States were called upon to prohibit all forms of human cloning inasmuch as they are incompatible with human dignity and the protection of human life. (who.int)

So long as this form of cloning (non-human) in different culture media. (who.int)

Human cloning for reproductive purposes is seen as having the potential to disrupt intergenerational relations and family structures, with major psychological, social and legal consequences for the individuals and communities concerned. (who.int)
Since then, many countries have adopted government decrees or introduced legislation to impose an explicit ban on human cloning for reproductive purposes. (who.int)

They instead refer to the embryo as a "clump of cells" or as "potential human life," Somerville says, "despite the fact that they are, given the right conditions, human life with the potential to go on living for years and years, just like all of us. (catholicnewsagency.com)
Therapeutic cloning possesses enormous potential for revolutionizing medical and thera- peutic techniques. (who.int)

Anatomy47

Organisms30

Diseases6

Chemicals and Drugs45

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment48

Phenomena and Processes82

Disciplines and Occupations4

Technology, Industry, Agriculture2

Information Science5

Health Care1

Surrogate mother3

Suggesting that human reproductive cloning b1

Reproductive Cloning23

Somatic6

Cows that produce2

Biotechnology6

Unethical2

Human clones1

Blastocyst1

Naturally2

Organism4

Parkinson's3

Livestock2

Researchers3

Genes2

Scientists7

Tissues6

Therapeutic purposes2

Scientifically3

Dolly2

Contrary to human3

Advocates1

Genetically identical cells1

Vitro2

Eggs4

Bioethics3

Argue1

Expectations2

Research12

Successfully1

Humans3

Possibility2

Implications3

Moral1

Genetic material1

Attempts1

Animals2

Arise1

Bills2

Divide1

Reproduce1

Issue3

Opponents1

Cell2

Process1

Treat1

Development2

Forms4

Form1

Purposes2

Potential2