• The difference with Dolly is that all her DNA originated in a cell from the udder of an adult sheep. (newscientist.com)
  • Dolly was the only lamb born from 277 fusions of oocytes with udder cells. (newscientist.com)
  • It became a hot topic in 1996 when Dolly the sheep was cloned via a process called somatic cell nuclear transfer. (archstl.org)
  • Researchers have been hoping to harness the therapeutic potential of cloning ever since the cloning of Dolly the sheep in 1997. (nih.gov)
  • When an embryo like this is implanted into a uterus, as with Dolly, the process is called reproductive cloning. (nih.gov)
  • Professor Campbell was instrumental in the creation of Dolly the Sheep, the first cloned mammal, a breakthrough which paved the way for the successful cloning of many other mammal species. (nottingham.ac.uk)
  • Dolly the Sheep, the first mammal to be cloned from an adult derived somatic cell, was born in 1996. (nottingham.ac.uk)
  • His research blossomed after he came to Roslin Institute where in a series of papers he put the intellectual framework into the method of mammalian cloning that ultimately led to the birth of Dolly in 1996. (nottingham.ac.uk)
  • Inevitably most people will remember him for Dolly the sheep although his recent work was focused on fundamental and applied stem cell research as a tool for the study of human disease. (nottingham.ac.uk)
  • This has led to a lot of interest in SCNT, which is best known as the method used to pioneer whole animal cloning technology, such as Dolly the sheep. (news-medical.net)
  • It's been 20 years since scientists in Scotland told the world about Dolly the sheep , the first mammal successfully cloned from an adult body cell. (wptv.com)
  • What was special about Dolly is that her "parents" were actually a single cell originating from mammary tissue of an adult ewe. (wptv.com)
  • Dolly was an exact genetic copy of that sheep - a clone. (wptv.com)
  • In fact, one of the coauthors of the paper announcing Dolly worked in our laboratory for three years prior to going to Scotland to help create the famous clone. (wptv.com)
  • Dolly was an important milestone, inspiring scientists to continue improving cloning technology as well as to pursue new concepts in stem cell research. (wptv.com)
  • In contrast, Dolly was produced by what's called somatic cell nuclear transfer. (wptv.com)
  • Dolly was the culmination of hundreds of cloning experiments that, for example, showed diploid embryonic and fetal cells could be parents of offspring. (wptv.com)
  • Dolly demonstrated that adult somatic cells also could be used as parents. (wptv.com)
  • By my calculations, Dolly was the single success from 277 tries at somatic cell nuclear transfer. (wptv.com)
  • Although many species produce clonal offspring in this fashion, Dolly, the lamb born in 1996 at a research institute in Scotland, was the first asexually produced mammalian clone. (who.int)
  • Somatic-cell nuclear transfer, the technique by which Dolly was created, was first used 40 years ago in research with tadpoles and frogs. (who.int)
  • Dolly, a Finn Dorset sheep, was introduced to the public in 1997 after scientists at the Roslin Institute at the University of Edinburgh in Scotland implanted the cell nucleus from a sheep into an egg that was subsequently fertilized to create a clone. (pewresearch.org)
  • 1 No one has ever cloned a human being , though scientists have cloned animals other than Dolly , including dogs, pigs, cows, horses and cats. (pewresearch.org)
  • Still, a majority of adults (60%) say cloning animals like Dolly is morally wrong, compared with 34% who say it's morally acceptable. (pewresearch.org)
  • When the world learned in 1997 of Dolly the sheep, the first clone produced from an adult mammal, a broad public discussion about the ethics of human cloning ensued, largely focused on the nature, meaning, and future of human procreation. (thenewatlantis.com)
  • With the announcement last November that Ian Wilmut, who cloned Dolly the sheep, was ditching cloning in favor of the "amazingly efficient" method of induced pluripotent stem-cell research (iPS) - which reprograms adult stem cells into embryonic ones without using human embryos or eggs - pro-lifers had reason to celebrate. (crisismagazine.com)
  • Researchers at the Roslin Institute cloned the Dolly the sheep in 1996. (asu.edu)
  • According to the Roslin Institute, Dolly was the first mammal to develop into an adult from the transfer of the nucleus of an adult sheep cell into an ovum with the nucleus removed. (asu.edu)
  • This led to the creation of Dolly the cloned sheep . (zmescience.com)
  • Cloning, or somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT), is the technique used to produce Dolly the sheep, the first animal to be produced as a genetic copy of another adult. (eurostemcell.org)
  • To produce Dolly, the cloned blastocyst was transferred into the womb of a recipient ewe, where it developed and when born quickly became the world's most famous lamb. (eurostemcell.org)
  • Sir Ian Wilmut, the scientist who led the team that cloned Dolly the sheep in 1996, has died at 79. (yahoo.com)
  • Dolly was the first successful cloning of a mammal from an adult somatic cell, demonstrating the viability of somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT). (yahoo.com)
  • A year before Dolly, he successfully cloned two lambs (Megan and Morag) whose cells were taken from sheep embryos. (yahoo.com)
  • While Dolly proved that cells could be used to create a copy of the animal they came from, Wilmut's next experiment proved that they could also be altered. (yahoo.com)
  • Twenty years have passed since Dolly the sheep was born by cloning (somatic cell nuclear transfer, SCNT) but the results of non-human mammalian cloning are very poor, and cause animal diseases and huge biological losses. (sibi.org)
  • Ian Wilmut, the cloning pioneer whose research was critical to the creation of Dolly the Sheep, has died, the Roslin Institute at the University of Edinburgh said Monday. (wgnradio.com)
  • LONDON (AP) - Ian Wilmut, the cloning pioneer whose work was critical to the creation of Dolly the Sheep in 1996, has died at age 79. (wgnradio.com)
  • Dolly also spurred questions about the potential cloning of humans and extinct species. (wgnradio.com)
  • He said the legacy of Wilmut's work in cloning Dolly continues to be seen. (wgnradio.com)
  • In another strategy, called therapeutic cloning, the embryo can instead be used to create stem cells that are genetically identical to a patient. (nih.gov)
  • Therapeutic cloning has garnered a great deal of attention over the past few years, but until now it had only been achieved in the mouse. (nih.gov)
  • Their report, published in the same issue of the journal, confirms that therapeutic cloning has now been accomplished in primates for the first time. (nih.gov)
  • Although this study proves that the therapeutic cloning of primates is possible, there are still many hurdles to be overcome. (nih.gov)
  • If the cloned human organism is to be experimented upon and destroyed, the process is often called "therapeutic cloning. (cbc-network.org)
  • This pioneering study has helped pave the way for others to develop gene and stem-cell based strategies for therapeutic purposes. (nottingham.ac.uk)
  • The therapeutic potential of cloned human cells has been demonstrated by another study using human oocytes to reprogram adult cells of a type 1 diabetic. (news-medical.net)
  • Although attempts have not yet been made to create a therapeutic transplant from embryonic stem cells, the methods have been developed to allow the creation of functional, mature cells using human cell cloning technology. (news-medical.net)
  • 5. In 2001, France and Germany requested the United Nations General Assembly to develop international conventions on human reproductive cloning, therapeutic cloning and research on stem cells. (who.int)
  • It was one of the trusty clichés of science journalists in the heated debates five or six years ago over embryo research, "therapeutic cloning" and embryonic stem cells. (crisismagazine.com)
  • In therapeutic cloning on the other hand, genetic material from a body cell is inserted into an egg cell, replacing the nucleus. (boloji.com)
  • However, the Senate bill does allow for therapeutic cloning, known as 'nuclear transplantation', for research on therapies that could cure several serious and life-threatening diseases. (boloji.com)
  • The Society for Women's Health Research, a non-profit group, agrees that therapeutic cloning should be allowed. (boloji.com)
  • The potential of therapeutic cloning for treating, and perhaps curing, a variety of debilitating diseases demands that the scientific community be allowed to continue this promising work. (boloji.com)
  • While supporting research that would help to determine whether stem cells have therapeutic effects, they point out that those adult stem cells, umbilical cord stem cells, and embryonic stem cells not derived from embryos created for research can be used. (boloji.com)
  • There is also peer-reviewed evidence of the therapeutic benefit to patients who have received an adult stem cell treatment for 72 disease and conditions. (freerepublic.com)
  • Other policy options, such as supposed compromises that would prohibit "reproductive cloning" but permit "therapeutic cloning" by prohibiting not the act of creating a cloned embryo but the act of transferring a cloned embryo to a woman's uterus, would inherently mandate the wide-scale destruction of human embryos. (thenewatlantis.com)
  • SCNT, or therapeutic cloning, is one method used to produce a source of individually-tailored stem cells. (medicalxpress.com)
  • In particular, scientific developments in areas such as iPS cells open new possibilities of research and, at mid term, of therapeutic applications, but they also bring new ethical challenges and problems requiring further reflection and debate. (lifeissues.net)
  • Yet, human embryonic stem cell research has thus far been unsuccessful in the quest to develop any therapeutic treatments. (all.org)
  • In therapeutic cloning, the blastocyst is not transferred to a womb. (eurostemcell.org)
  • Another long-term hope for therapeutic cloning is that it could be used to generate cells that are genetically identical to a patient. (eurostemcell.org)
  • To date, no human embryonic stem cell lines have been derived using therapeutic cloning, so both these possibilities remain very much in the future. (eurostemcell.org)
  • His announcement a week earlier of a supposed breakthrough in human cloning nearly stampeded the Senate into banning cloning even for therapeutic purposes. (prospect.org)
  • He explained that the early embryonic cells that his laboratory tries to turn into specialized tissue for therapeutic purposes hadn't even ''individuated'' yet. (prospect.org)
  • At the same time, there are indeed myriad ethical questions raised by the effort to develop therapeutic applications of stem cell cloning. (prospect.org)
  • Therapeutic cloning possesses enormous potential for revolutionizing medical and thera- peutic techniques. (who.int)
  • This is therapeutic cloning. (who.int)
  • This cell then has therapeutic cloning: the global the capacity to divide and grow into an exact replica of the original from whom the debate somatic cell was taken. (who.int)
  • With this background information as a foundation, we then discuss each of the key questions in relation to the upcoming therapeutic trial and critically assess if the time is ripe for clinical translation of parthenogenetic stem cell technology in Parkinson's disease. (lu.se)
  • discussed the procedure of cloning by somatic cell transfer. (icr.org)
  • The primary cloning technique is called "somatic cell nuclear transfer" (SCNT). (cbc-network.org)
  • It is the policy of Washington state that research involving the derivation and use of human embryonic stem cells, human embryonic germ cells, and human adult stem cells from any source, including somatic cell nuclear transplantation , is permitted upon full consideration of the ethical and medical implications of this research. (cbc-network.org)
  • One cloning technology that has been developed for mammalian and human cells is somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT). (news-medical.net)
  • Sometimes the process of cloning by somatic cell nuclear transfer still produces abnormal embryos, most of which die. (wptv.com)
  • The nucleus of an adult somatic cell (such as a skin cell) is removed and transferred to an enucleated egg, which is then stimulated with electric current or chemicals to activate cell division. (who.int)
  • if it implants and the pregnancy goes to term, the resulting individual will carry the same nuclear genetic material as the donor of the adult somatic cell. (who.int)
  • Scientists were initially interested in somatic-cell nuclear transfer as a means of determining whether genes remain functional even after most of them have been switched off as the cells in a developing organism assume their specialized functions as blood cells, muscle cells, and so forth. (who.int)
  • Scientists from the Monash Institute of Medical Research (MIMR) and colleagues from New South Wales will compare two different methods of creating patient-specific stem cells: somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT) and induced pluripotent stem cells (iPS). (medicalxpress.com)
  • True cloning performed by nuclear transfer from an adult and differentiated somatic cell to a previously enucleated egg (somatic cell nuclear transfer, SCNT), gives rise to a new cell, the nuclovulo (nucleus+ovum), distinct from the zygote because the sperm is not involved in its creation, while both can develop as embryos and give rise to offspring. (sibi.org)
  • Prior to SCNT, the somatic cell (differentiated) must be reprogramed to a similar state of a pluripotent embryonic cell (undifferentiated) before the nucleus is extracted and transferred. (sibi.org)
  • Despite immense promise, somatic cell reprogramming still faces a critical challenge. (sibi.org)
  • 체세포 핵 치환 (Somatic-cell nuclear transfer, SCNT)은 난자 의 핵 을 제거한 후에, 체세포 의 핵을 이식하여 복제 를 하는 기술을 말한다. (wikipedia.org)
  • Despite the many advances in adult stem cell research, the federal and Victorian parliaments have already passed bad legislation legitimising the destruction of human embryos. (freerepublic.com)
  • The National Institutes of Health defines a human embryo as "the developing organism from the time of fertilization until the end of the eighth week of gestation. (archstl.org)
  • At that point - and this is important to understand - there is no more cloning to be done since a new human organism now exists. (cbc-network.org)
  • If the authors of this bill really meant what they appear to have written, their legislation would ban all human cloning, since as we have seen, biologically, a new human organism, that is, a new human being, comes into existence with the completion of SCNT. (cbc-network.org)
  • Or to put it the other way around, cloning, not implantation, is what produces a new and distinct human organism. (cbc-network.org)
  • A clone is an organism that is a genetic copy of an existing one. (who.int)
  • Internal signals producing apoptosis depend on interactions of several proteins and may serve to protect the organism from cancer by killing cells that have pre-cancerous changes. (agemed.org)
  • The science fiction definition of "clone" suggests that the cloned organism would be an exact genetic copy of another creature-human or beast-created in the laboratory by any of a number of means. (all.org)
  • There are differences-so much so that despite the "exact copy" claim, the cloned organism is actually unique genetically. (all.org)
  • These stem cells are genetically matched to the donor organism, holding promise for studying genetic disease. (eurostemcell.org)
  • Despite the small size (ca. 0.1 mm) and weight (ca. 0.004 mg) of the organism at fertilization, the embryo is " schon ein individual-spezifischer Mensch " (Blechschmidt, 1972). (americanrtl.org)
  • XI - embryonic stem cells: embryonic cells that are capable of modifying the cells of any organism tissue. (hinxtongroup.org)
  • … "embryo" means a human organism during the first 56 days of its development following fertilization or creation, excluding any time during which its development has been suspended, and includes any cell derived from such an organism that is used for the purpose of creating a human being. (hinxtongroup.org)
  • Gene, the first cloned calf in the world was born in 1997 at the American Breeders Service facilities in Deforest, Wisconsin, United States. (wikipedia.org)
  • General Assembly the following year,3 and the World Medical Association's Resolution on Cloning, endorsed in 1997, have confronted the issue but lack binding legal force. (who.int)
  • WHA50.37 of 1997 argues that human cloning is ethically unacceptable and contrary to human integrity and morality. (who.int)
  • Polly, born in 1997, was the first genetically modified cloned mammal. (yahoo.com)
  • After years of experiments …cloning hit the big time in February 1997. (exposingsatanism.org)
  • Cloning entails taking the nucleus - the compartment that contains the DNA - from an adult cell and putting it into an egg from which the original nucleus has been removed. (nih.gov)
  • The egg then "reprograms" the adult nucleus so that the cell behaves like an embryo but has the genes of the adult cell. (nih.gov)
  • In that procedure, the nucleus from a cell derived from an embryo, a fetus, or tissue of an adult is inserted. (icr.org)
  • The nucleus of a body cell from the DNA donor is removed, and put into the place formerly occupied by the egg's nucleus. (cbc-network.org)
  • The cloning method is based on the fact that cytoplasmic factors in mature, metaphase II oocytes are able to reset the identity of a transplanted adult cell nucleus to an embryonic state. (news-medical.net)
  • In this process, researchers remove the genetic material from an egg and replace it with the nucleus of some other body cell. (wptv.com)
  • However, an animal created through this technique would not be a precise genetic copy of the source of its nuclear DNA because each clone derives a small amount of its DNA from the mitochondria of the egg (which lie outside the nucleus) rather than from the donor of cell nucleus. (who.int)
  • Thus, the clone would be genetically identical to the nucleus donor only if the egg came from the same donor or from her maternal line. (who.int)
  • In this procedure, the nucleus of an egg cell is removed and replaced by the nucleus of a cell from another adult. (eurostemcell.org)
  • After being inserted into the egg, the adult cell nucleus is reprogrammed by the host cell. (eurostemcell.org)
  • To investigate whether tenascin-C and tenascin-R may play important functional roles in the lesioned central nervous system, we have analysed their expression in the olivocerebellar system of the adult rat after 3-acetylpyridine-induced degeneration of nerve cells in the inferior olivary nucleus. (researchgate.net)
  • After a lesion, the density of cells containing tenascin-R transcripts increased significantly in the inferior olivary nucleus and in the white matter of the cerebellar cortex. (researchgate.net)
  • I believe that the reprogramming errors are not the only cause of these low rates of cloning: the mammalian SCNT fails with a very high frequency mainly due to the damage that the technique itself inflicts in the egg and the somatic nucleus, and the very few successful cases occur only when the damage is not significant. (sibi.org)
  • Wilmut set off a global discussion about the ethics of cloning when he announced that his team at the university's Roslin Institute for animal biosciences had cloned a lamb using the nucleus of a cell from an adult sheep. (wgnradio.com)
  • When the nucleus of a stem cell has been the technique of cloning. (who.int)
  • The con- is removed and replaced by a nucleus of cept of human cloning has long been in the another cell type, the stem cell will then imagination of many scientists, scholars and be reprogrammed to produce the product fiction writers [ 1 ]. (who.int)
  • The basic techniques of of the implanted nucleus, when it fully cloning have been known for some time, and develops. (who.int)
  • That is what New Jersey legislators did when they passed and then Governor James McGreevey signed S-1909 last year, a law that was sold to the public as outlawing human cloning but which actually permits the creation of cloned human life, and its implantation and gestation up to and including the very moment prior to the emergence of the cloned baby from the birth canal. (cbc-network.org)
  • Some prohibit only cloning for reproductive purposes and allow the creation of cloned human embryos for research, whereas others prohibit the creation of cloned embryos for any purpose. (who.int)
  • The Catholic Church has always held that stem-cell research and therapies are morally acceptable, as long as they don't involve the creation and destruction of human embryos. (archstl.org)
  • While objections to the creation and destruction of human life are not quibbles, this development shows the hot air and irrelevance of much of the low-level debate on cloning and Christian teaching. (freerepublic.com)
  • This kind of cloning is today being performed at several scientific labs in the United States, despite the availability of alternative techniques that produce cells of nearly the same scientific and medical value but that require neither the creation nor destruction of human embryos. (thenewatlantis.com)
  • But many believe the destruction of a human embryo is the destruction of human life and should not be allowed for any reason. (christianitytoday.com)
  • Embryonic stem-cell research causes division because it involves the creation and destruction of human embryos at the earliest stages of human life. (eppc.org)
  • A law, passed by Congress in 1996 and renewed annually, prohibits federal funding for research involving the destruction of human embryos. (eppc.org)
  • The bill also applies Federal ethical regulations on human subject research and outlaws the transfer of cloned embryos to a woman's uterus or to any artificial womb. (boloji.com)
  • the embryo which is then transferred to the woman's uterus. (americamagazine.org)
  • Prior to September 11, the defining moment of the Bush presidency had been the president's decision to limit embryonic stem-cell research. (breakpoint.org)
  • He added that treatments for dreaded diseases "could be right at our fingertips" if we lifted "the stem cell ban. (breakpoint.org)
  • Along the same lines, a writer in the Baltimore Chronicle accused "opponents of embryonic stem-cell research" of "prolonging the suffering of millions. (breakpoint.org)
  • He labeled the president, and other opponents of embryonic stem-cell research, as an "obstacle to hope for a scientific breakthrough, a miracle. (breakpoint.org)
  • Reeve, who was left paralyzed after being thrown from a horse a decade ago, was a tireless advocate of embryonic stem-cell research. (breakpoint.org)
  • Second, the policy applies only to research using federal money for embryonic stem-cell research. (breakpoint.org)
  • Federally funded research can be conducted using stem cell lines that were already available in August 2001. (breakpoint.org)
  • Kass calls it "cruel to suggest that stem-cell-based therapies are 'at our fingertips. (breakpoint.org)
  • Researchers from the Harvard Stem Cell Institute have identified a vital protein that can help determine embryonic development. (scitechdaily.com)
  • A protein that is necessary for the formation of the vertebrate brain has been identified by researchers at the Harvard Stem Cell Institute (HSCI) and Boston Children's Hospital, in collaboration with scientists from Oxford and Rio de Janeiro. (scitechdaily.com)
  • These findings could benefit stem cell researchers trying to create specific tissue types or organs in the lab. (scitechdaily.com)
  • In addition, Dolly's DNA may have come from a stem cell that had not yet matured into an udder cell. (newscientist.com)
  • That's why Father Pacholczyk, director of education at the National Catholic Bioethics Center in Philadelphia, said that the efforts to help people understand the immorality of embryo reserch, including human cloning, must focus on humanizing the issue and appreciating our own embryonic origins, not just on the desired results of embryonic or other types of stem-cell research. (archstl.org)
  • A decade later, cloning came to the forefront in Missouri with the narrow passage of Amendment 2, a ballot initiative in 2006 that constitutionally protects embryonic stem-cell research and human cloning. (archstl.org)
  • Basically, given the difference of telomere and telomerase activity in human and mouse cells, the telomere and telomerase status in stem cell populations is different between humans and mice ( Harrington, 2004 ). (nature.com)
  • Researchers reported in Nature on November 22, 2007, that they successfully isolated 2 embryonic stem cell lines from cloned embryos made using cells from the skin of an adult rhesus macaque. (nih.gov)
  • The team that isolated the embryonic stem cell lines was led by Dr. Shoukhrat Mitalipov at Oregon Health and Science University in Portland. (nih.gov)
  • The stem cells, the researchers showed, could turn into heart or nerve cells in the laboratory, and had other characteristics of established embryonic stem cell lines. (nih.gov)
  • The bill purports to promote stem-cell research, while outlawing the cloning of a human being. (cbc-network.org)
  • While stem-cell research holds enormous potential for treating or even curing some diseases, the cloning of a human being is morally and ethically unacceptable…Any attempt to clone a human being is in direct conflict with the public policies of this state. (cbc-network.org)
  • A linkurl:report;http://stemcells.alphamedpress.org/cgi/reprint/2007-0252v1.pdf published online today that researchers have cloned human embryos is not that much of an advance, according to one stem cell expert, Douglas Melton, at Harvard University. (the-scientist.com)
  • It would be hard to call this a major advance," Douglas Melton, a stem cell researcher at Harvard University, told The Scientist in an Email. (the-scientist.com)
  • By transferring adult cell DNA into an embryonic stem cell, it is possible to create a line of immortal embryonic cells that are able to develop into any type of adult cell, genetically identical to the donor. (news-medical.net)
  • They derived several human embryonic stem cell lines from these cloned embryos whose DNA was an exact match to the adult cell that donated the DNA. (news-medical.net)
  • The adult cell nuclei were transferred into metaphase-II stage human oocytes, producing a karyotypically normal diploid embryonic stem cell line from each of the adult male donor cells. (news-medical.net)
  • So when I was recently contacted by an earnest and amiable member of a local school board who was concerned about the questionable manner in which the issue of "stem cell" research - both human embryonic and adult - was presented to the high school students in his district in a currently-used science textbook, I agreed to evaluate that section in the text for him. (lifeissues.net)
  • My edited analysis of the section on "stem cell research" in this science textbook is copied below. (lifeissues.net)
  • In my opinion there is no question but that the scientific information on stem cell research included in this science text book being used in Illinois schools incorporates some inaccurate scientific facts, and seems to be very partial to the use of human embryonic "stem cell" research. (lifeissues.net)
  • The petition recognizes that many "Canadians suffer from debilitating illnesses and diseases" and that the petitioners "support ethical stem cell research that has already shown encouraging potential to provide cures and therapies for these illnesses and diseases. (lifesitenews.com)
  • American feminists and women's health activists are debating on the difficult issue of human cloning and stem cell research. (boloji.com)
  • MPs may have voted for stem cell research, but it is unethical and a scientific dead end, writes Cardinal George Pell. (freerepublic.com)
  • We now have the right mechanism for sourcing cells without ethical quibbles,' said Peter Mountford, head of the Melbourne- and London-based Stem Cell Sciences. (freerepublic.com)
  • Professor Alan Mackay Sim's Queensland team of scientists working on nasal stem cell research for spinal cord injuries and Professor Pritinder Kaur's team at Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre working on using adult stem cells for burns victims are both supported by grants from the Sydney archdiocese. (freerepublic.com)
  • Such adult stem cell has been much more productive than work on embryonic stem cells, which so far has proved to be a dead end. (freerepublic.com)
  • One group from CHA University in Seoul reported in Cell Stem Cell in April that it had managed to use cell nuclei from two men, aged 35 and 75, to create embryonic stem cell lines. (bioedge.org)
  • And this week, the New York Stem Cell Foundation Research Institute announced in Nature that it had created a line of cells from a woman with Type 1 diabetes. (bioedge.org)
  • There have been many false dawns in the field of embryonic stem cell research, but these results seem to confirm that it is possible to use adult cells to create genetically matched stem cell lines. (bioedge.org)
  • Scientists are unlikely to rush into creating human embryonic stem cell lines. (bioedge.org)
  • Victoria and New South Wales have put aside their competitive interstate rivalry to collaborate on a stem cell research project, as announced by Innovation Minister Gavin Jennings and NSW Minister for Science and Medical Research, Verity Firth, today. (medicalxpress.com)
  • Dr Paul Verma, Program Leader of MIMR's Stem Cell Biology Program and the Chief Investigator of the Victorian project team, will create the iPS cells for this project. (medicalxpress.com)
  • Professor Tuch's team will also use their proficiencies in characterising human embryonic stem cell lines and bioinformatics. (medicalxpress.com)
  • Mr Jennings said changes to the Victorian Infertility Treatment Act and the NSW Human Cloning and Other Prohibited Practices Act have opened up new opportunities for stem cell research in Australia. (medicalxpress.com)
  • Australia is already a global leader in overall stem cell research and this new and clear regulatory framework gives us an opportunity to extend our leadership into SCNT which could transform how we treat diabetes, heart diseases and Parkinson's," Mr Jennings said. (medicalxpress.com)
  • Participants role play members of the committee and different stakeholders in the audience, and in doing so engage in debates on the scientific and social issues surrounding stem cell research. (eurostemcell.org)
  • to involve people in the debates on the scientific and social issues surrounding stem cell research. (eurostemcell.org)
  • After completing the role play, participants should have a better understanding of the basic scientific concepts underlying stem cell research. (eurostemcell.org)
  • However, the main objective of this resource is to be an exploration of the social issues around stem cell research. (eurostemcell.org)
  • Why use embryos for stem cell research? (eurostemcell.org)
  • I would recommend this role play as it gave me an insight into the application for a clinical trial process and background into stem cell research. (eurostemcell.org)
  • President Bush, saying he wanted to "proceed with great care," announced in a national address on August 9 that he would allow federal funding of an existing 60 stem-cell lines but would not permit tax dollars to pay for the destruction of any additional human embryos. (christianitytoday.com)
  • The prolife lobby also received help from Do No Harm, a coalition of researchers, bioethicists, and doctors who spearheaded a nationwide petition urging Bush to oppose destructive human embryonic stem-cell research. (christianitytoday.com)
  • Bush's announcement grieved patients' groups and many in the scientific and medical communities who believe embryonic stem-cell research could provide a cure for millions. (christianitytoday.com)
  • A report published by the nonpartisan Center for Public Integrity (CPI) quoted a National Institutes of Health official who said that "the fledgling stem-cell industry would profit tremendously from federal funding that would cover embryonic stem-cell research. (christianitytoday.com)
  • Biotechnology companies specializing in stem-cell research stand to reap huge financial windfalls from successful therapies developed via this science," said the CPI report. (christianitytoday.com)
  • The report notes that the AAR, which bills itself as the leading citizen advocacy organization for improving the health of older Americans, "also happens to receive funding from private-sector biotechnology companies that have a financial stake in the outcome of the stem-cell debate, including Geron," the for-profit corporation that isolated embryonic stem cells in 1998. (christianitytoday.com)
  • Pro-lifers fumed during the 2004 presidential race when John Kerry attacked opponents of embryonic stem-cell (ESC) research as "anti-science" ideologues who sought to block life-saving cures "right at our fingertips. (crisismagazine.com)
  • WASHINGTON - Along with the war on terror and the economy, stem-cell research has emerged as an issue in the presidential campaign. (eppc.org)
  • In response to such criticisms, First Lady Laura Bush accused Democrats of giving false hope to the sick and defended her husband, saying that the president is a great advocate of stem-cell research. (eppc.org)
  • This back and forth has shed little light on the stem-cell question facing the country. (eppc.org)
  • Adult and non-embryonic stem-cell research garners universal public support. (eppc.org)
  • Democrats are eager to discuss the issue, and Kerry's campaign rhetoric seems to have three objectives: first, to convince the nation that Bush has "enacted a far-reaching ban on stem-cell research. (eppc.org)
  • There is no ban on stem-cell research in America. (eppc.org)
  • When it comes to adult stem-cell research, Bush is a strong advocate, with the National Institutes of Health providing more than $180 million to researchers last year. (eppc.org)
  • scientists at Harvard recently created 17 new embryonic stem-cell lines, and scientists in Chicago produced 50 more. (eppc.org)
  • To say repeatedly, as Kerry has, that Bush has "shut down" stem-cell research is absurd. (eppc.org)
  • A great deal of embryonic stem-cell research is ineligible for public funding. (eppc.org)
  • In 2001, Bush reviewed the NIH guidelines implementing the law and decided to authorize funding for research on existing embryonic stem-cell lines in which the human embryos in question had already been destroyed. (eppc.org)
  • The second Kerry claim - that stem-cell inspired treatments for many dreaded diseases are imminent - is even more irresponsible. (eppc.org)
  • In June, the Washington Post published a story, quoting many leading scientists in the field, that said stem-cell research was unlikely to lead to a cure for Alzheimer's. (eppc.org)
  • When asked why Alzheimer's continues to be a favorite of stem-cell research advocates, NIH scientist Ron McKay replied: "People need a fairy tale. (eppc.org)
  • Shortly after the death of President Reagan, who suffered from the disease, Kerry devoted one of the Democrats' weekly radio addresses to this fairy tale, declaring that "stem-cell research has brought us closer to finding ways to treat Alzheimer's. (eppc.org)
  • Stem-cell research - and perhaps embryonic stem-cell research alone - has the potential to produce a cure for or ameliorate certain terrible diseases, Parkinson's and juvenile diabetes being the most promising. (eppc.org)
  • A stem cell is a type of cell found throughout the body of all human beings. (all.org)
  • There are those in the government and scientific community who say more money must be spent on human embryonic stem cell research because it holds the most promise for helping people with conditions such as Alzheimer's disease. (all.org)
  • Alzheimer's researcher Ned Potter said, however, that human embryonic stem cell research would not help the Alzheimer's patient at all. (all.org)
  • Therefore, it is speculated that those who support human embryonic stem cell research are clamoring loudly for taxpayer dollars because private companies know human embryonic stem cell research is neither worth their time nor their money. (all.org)
  • There are more than 70 diseases or conditions-including leukemia, immune system and other blood disorders, cancers, and autoimmune diseases-that respond well when adult stem cell therapy is used. (all.org)
  • It is further speculated that those who support human embryonic stem cell research are also seeking human embryos for the purposes of human cloning. (all.org)
  • While stem cell research and human cloning are complex topics, the facts are readily available. (all.org)
  • What is cloning, and what does it have to do with stem cell research? (eurostemcell.org)
  • This form of cloning is unrelated to stem cell research. (eurostemcell.org)
  • I recently participated in a debate at the Harvard Medical School on the ethics of stem cell cloning. (prospect.org)
  • On the issue of stem cell research, the gap between the scientific and religious cultures has never been wider. (prospect.org)
  • The potential of stem cell research to enhance human life is extraordinary. (prospect.org)
  • Among the real and knotty ethical questions are these: Should human embryos be created expressly to be used for stem cell extraction? (prospect.org)
  • Should women be paid to donate eggs or fertilized embryos to stem cell labs? (prospect.org)
  • Should expensive therapies derived from stem cell research be covered universally by health insurance? (prospect.org)
  • He decreed that stem cell colonies produced before Aug. 9, 2001, could continue to receive federal funding for research purposes but no federal money could go to develop new stem cells from embryos. (prospect.org)
  • The life-enhancing promise of stem cell research is just too potent and the ethical questions too tricky to leave the issue in the hands either of private entrepreneurs or religious fundamentalists, much less both. (prospect.org)
  • Just a few days ago, the news media reported that the first embryonic stem cell clinical trial had been approved in the United States. (catholicphilly.com)
  • Embryonic stem cell research, however, poses serious ethical concerns because it requires destroying an embryo in order to obtain the cells. (catholicphilly.com)
  • While other countries are publishing important studies showing tremendous progress in clinical trials for organ and tissue repair using adult stem cells, our country continues to be obsessed with embryonic stem cell research to our own detriment. (catholicphilly.com)
  • As judicial debate continues over whether federal funding of embryonic stem cell research violates current law, the United States should rethink our medical research strategies. (catholicphilly.com)
  • One of the greatest controversies triggered tissue, a stem cell encoding for heart tissue by the rapid pace of evolution in biology, will eventually develop into heart tissue particularly in genomics and biotechnology, and so on. (who.int)
  • Understanding cell-fate decisions in stem cell populations is a major goal of modern biology. (lu.se)
  • Stem and progenitor cell populations are often heterogeneous, which may reflect stem cell subsets that express subtly different properties, including different propensities for lineage selection upon differentiation, yet remain able to interconvert. (lu.se)
  • We discuss these properties with examples both from the hematopoietic and embryonic stem cell (ESC) systems. (lu.se)
  • The nature of the stem cell substates and their relationship to commitment to differ- entiate and lineage selection can be elucidated in terms of a landscape picture in which stable states can be defined mathematically as attractors. (lu.se)
  • Are Stem Cell-Based Therapies for Parkinson's Disease Ready for the Clinic in 2016? (lu.se)
  • Based on discussions held by a global collaborative initiative on translation of stem cell therapy in Parkinson's disease, we have identified a set of key questions that we believe should be addressed ahead of every clinical stem cell-based transplantation trial in this disorder. (lu.se)
  • In this article, we first provide a short history of cell therapy in Parkinson's disease and briefly describe the current state-of-art regarding human stem cell-derived dopamine neurons for use in any patient trial. (lu.se)
  • Stem cell-based therapies for Parkinson's dis- ogy company International Stem Cell Corporation ease (PD) are rapidly moving towards clinical trials. (lu.se)
  • A second press release [2] has indicated stem cell source, resulting in widespread excitement that the program is planning to move forward very rapidly, with all of the patients being enrolled in the Correspondence to: Roger A. Barker, John van Geest Centre first quarter of 2016 and interim results being shared for Brain Repair, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Univer- in October 2016. (lu.se)
  • In 2001, scientists at Texas A&M University created the first cloned cat, CC (CopyCat). (wikipedia.org)
  • In 2001 researchers at Advanced Cell Technology in Worcester, Massachusetts, United States, reported that 24 successfully cloned Holsteins had been monitored from birth to the age of four. (wikipedia.org)
  • A purebred Hereford calf clone named Chloe was born in 2001 at Kansas State University's purebred research unit. (wikipedia.org)
  • Millie and Emma were two female Jersey cows cloned at the University of Tennessee in 2001. (wikipedia.org)
  • In 2001, Brazil cloned their first heifer, Vitória. (wikipedia.org)
  • Elaboration of an international convention against reproductive cloning of human beings has been under consideration in the United Nations since December 2001 when the subject was included in the agenda of the fifty- sixth session as a supplementary agenda item at the request of France and Germany. (who.int)
  • There has been overwhelming opposition to human cloning since 2001. (pewresearch.org)
  • In a meeting in Washington (3 December 2001) the researcher Tanja Dominko presented the results of monkey cloning (Macacus rhesus) when she worked at the Regional Center of Research in Primates of Beaverton, Oregon (USA). (sibi.org)
  • In 2004, the first commercially cloned cat, Little Nicky, was created by Genetic Savings & Clone. (wikipedia.org)
  • Next, the researchers take cells containing donor genetic material. (newscientist.com)
  • Recently, the importance of telomere maintenance in human stem cells has been highlighted by studies on dyskeratosis congenital, which is a genetic disorder in the human telomerase component. (nature.com)
  • There he continued his research on the cloning and genetic modification of livestock. (nottingham.ac.uk)
  • These germ cells are the only ones in the body that have their genetic material all jumbled up and in half the quantity of every other kind of cell. (wptv.com)
  • From that moment forward, nearly all cells in that body have the same genetic makeup. (wptv.com)
  • When the one-cell embryo duplicates its genetic material, both cells of the now two-cell embryo are genetically identical. (wptv.com)
  • When they in turn duplicate their genetic material, each cell at the four-cell stage is genetically identical. (wptv.com)
  • instead of half the genetic material coming from a sperm and half from an egg, it all comes from a single cell. (wptv.com)
  • Most natural cloning occurs in those species that produce their descendants asexually, that is, without combining the male and female genetic material. (who.int)
  • 2. Nuclear transfer is a technique used to duplicate genetic material by creating an embryo through the transfer and fusion of a diploid cell in an enucleated female oocyte.2 Cloning has a broader meaning than nuclear transfer as it also involves gene replication and natural or induced embryo splitting (see Annex 1). (who.int)
  • Part of the reason is that cloning can introduce profound genetic errors , which can result in early and painful death. (pewresearch.org)
  • Giving adults the opportunity to have what has been called the "ultimate 'single-parent child'" would contribute to the commodification of children, and would withhold from children the possibility of a relationship with both a genetic mother and father. (thenewatlantis.com)
  • This form of genetic engineering would deny the children it produces an open future, burdening them with the expectation that they will be like the individuals from whom they were cloned. (thenewatlantis.com)
  • And cloning could make possible still more dramatic forms of genetic engineering. (thenewatlantis.com)
  • But what is not getting such wide reporting is the use of pluripotent stem cells (as well as many other types of cells and genetic engineering techniques) for reproductive purposes . (lifeissues.net)
  • This caused genetic changes that turned the adult cells into stem cells. (zmescience.com)
  • After many divisions in culture, this single cell forms a blastocyst (an early stage embryo with about 100 cells) with almost identical DNA to the original donor who provided the adult cell - a genetic clone. (eurostemcell.org)
  • Moreover, because embryonic stem cells can be rejected as foreign tissue by patients' bodies, are very unstable and are difficult to develop into just one cell type at a time, great numbers of viable human embryos with different genetic profiles may be needed to continue this line of research. (catholicphilly.com)
  • In May 2010, Got became the first cloned Spanish Fighting Bull, cloned by Spanish scientists. (wikipedia.org)
  • In July 2016 scientists at the National University Toribio Rodríguez de Mendoza in Chachapoyas, Peru cloned a Jersey cattle by handmade cloning method using cells of an ear of a cow. (wikipedia.org)
  • The researchers say the finding, which has been successfully demonstrated in frog embryos, will help scientists control the differentiation of various cell types. (scitechdaily.com)
  • But scientists have not managed to isolate such cells from farm animals, and must rely instead on injecting genes randomly into early embryos. (newscientist.com)
  • 1. Cloning is an umbrella term traditionally used by scientists to describe different processes for duplicating biological material. (who.int)
  • As the cell begins to divide, scientists believe stem cells can be extracted and grown into tissue or organs. (boloji.com)
  • However, following the successful derivation of human embryonic stem cells in 1998, the debate over human cloning largely shifted to the question of whether it is acceptable for scientists to create human embryos only to destroy them. (thenewatlantis.com)
  • But cloning research continued, and American scientists announced in 2013 that they had for the first time successfully obtained stem cells from cloned human embryos. (thenewatlantis.com)
  • Interest in using stem cells from cloned human embryos has revived after success by scientists in the United States and Korea. (bioedge.org)
  • Nature adds that rogue scientists might implant cloned embryos into wombs to create cloned children, a possibility which is widely condemned. (bioedge.org)
  • That month, scientists reported the first successful attempt to reproduce a large, adult mammal through cloning. (exposingsatanism.org)
  • The lamb's cloning was the first time scientists were able to coax a mature adult cell into behaving like a cell from a newly fertilized embryo in order to create a genetically identical animal. (wgnradio.com)
  • Dolly's creation prompted other scientists to clone animals including dogs, cats, horses and bulls. (wgnradio.com)
  • In recent years, scientists have proposed bringing back the woolly mammoth by using a mix of gene editing and cloning. (wgnradio.com)
  • There is nothing in the policy that stops researchers from using stem cells obtained elsewhere, like adult stem cells. (breakpoint.org)
  • In collaboration with researchers from University of Oxford and Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, He and colleagues compared how frog embryos - which are considered models for human embryos - developed with and without Notum. (scitechdaily.com)
  • When the researchers injected frog embryos with Notum, the embryos grew bigger brains and heads. (scitechdaily.com)
  • In order to guide or direct stem cells to differentiate into a given cell type, such as neural cells or muscle cells, researchers continue to alter their experimental recipes, fine-tuning which molecules should be added to their dishes in what sequence and amount. (scitechdaily.com)
  • For those trying to create neural cells, "Notum is a necessary ingredient and new tool in the kit box for researchers to instruct human progenitor cells to become neural tissues," said He, who is also an American Cancer Society research professor. (scitechdaily.com)
  • Additionally, the researchers were able to demonstrate how Notum deactivates Wnt, which is a family of proteins that direct stem cells to "self-renew," or make more stem cells, among other things. (scitechdaily.com)
  • The researchers wanted to see whether "mature" cells that have differentiated to fulfil a specialised role (such as that of an udder cell or a fetal cell) could be returned to a primitive state from which they could grow into entire organisms. (newscientist.com)
  • For each clone, the Roslin researchers combine material from two sources. (newscientist.com)
  • Researchers identified that an abundance of fungi in the gut, particularly strains of Candida albicans yeast, could trigger an increase in immune cells, which could worsen lung damage. (medicaldaily.com)
  • Before this new study was published, Nature asked another group of researchers to confirm that the stem cells were genetically identical to the donor skin cells. (nih.gov)
  • Using eggs from adult women who had previously donated for successful fertility treatments, the researchers used SCNT to transfer DNA into the egg cells. (the-scientist.com)
  • After more than 25 years of experiments with embryonic stem cells in animal models, researchers have yet to develop one successful treatment in mice for any disease that could be used as a model to undertake the first steps for a clinical trial with human patients. (freerepublic.com)
  • In a 2013 Pew Research Center poll , half of all adults surveyed (50%) said that by 2050 researchers will be able to use cloning to bring back extinct species, with 48% predicting such a development won't occur. (pewresearch.org)
  • However, the process is still ethically controversial, as researchers first create a human embryo and then destroy it to create stem cells. (bioedge.org)
  • Bush promised in January to review a Clinton administration rule that allowed federal funding for researchers experimenting on embryo cells from fertility clinics. (christianitytoday.com)
  • The rule circumvented a 1995 congressional ban on using federal money for biomedical research on embryos outside the womb by allowing researchers to use stem cells extracted by a third party. (christianitytoday.com)
  • Researchers value the cells for their ability to replicate quickly and turn into any kind of human tissue. (christianitytoday.com)
  • The groups argue that rather than waste embryos that will be destroyed along with their stem cells, researchers should use them to help save those whose lives are being cut short by disease. (christianitytoday.com)
  • UK researchers have rejuvenated the skin cells of a 53-year-old woman so they are the equivalent of a 23-year-olds. (zmescience.com)
  • The technique used by Reik and his team comes from the 1990s when researchers from the Roslin Institute found a way to turn an adult mammary gland cell taken from a sheep into an embryo. (zmescience.com)
  • The stem cells could be studied in the laboratory to help researchers understand what goes wrong in diseases like these. (eurostemcell.org)
  • Researchers have developed new, non-destructive methods to produce cells with all the properties of embryonic stem cells (called "induced Pluripotent Stem Cells" or iPSC) by "reprogramming" adult cells. (catholicphilly.com)
  • After growing and dividing for a week or so in a laboratory culture dish, the fused cell forms an early embryo called a blastocyst, which Wilmut's team implants into a surrogate mother. (newscientist.com)
  • Instead, embryonic stem cells are isolated from the cloned blastocyst. (eurostemcell.org)
  • Reprogramming was demonstrated by the capacity of the reconstructed embryos to develop to the blastocyst stage in vitro and into fetuses and viable offspring in suitable foster mothers. (cnrs.fr)
  • In addition, our experiments show that heat-treating donor nuclei destabilizes higher-order features of chromatin (but leaves intact its nucleosomal organization) and results in a high proportion of reconstructed embryos developing to the blastocyst stage and beyond. (cnrs.fr)
  • Embryologist Tong Dizhou successfully inserted the DNA from a male Asian carp into the egg of a female Asian carp to create the first fish clone in 1963. (wikipedia.org)
  • Two of these cloned cattle successfully mated, each producing a healthy calf. (wikipedia.org)
  • In 1958, John Gurdon, then at Oxford University, explained that he had successfully cloned a frog. (wikipedia.org)
  • More than 10 different cell types have been used successfully as "parents" for cloning. (wptv.com)
  • Adult stem cells have also been successfully used in treating type 1 diabetes, the Journal of the American Medical Association reported recently. (freerepublic.com)
  • At the same time, labs in a variety of countries have successfully cloned human embryos for the purpose of producing stem cells that can be used in medical therapies. (pewresearch.org)
  • On the other hand, research involving adult stem cells has not only been around for a long time, it has also been used successfully for decades! (all.org)
  • In 1972, he became the first scientist to successfully freeze, thaw and transfer a calf embryo, which he called "Frostie," to a surrogate mother. (yahoo.com)
  • Dolly's successful birth in 1996 marked the first time a mammal was successfully cloned from an adult cell. (yahoo.com)
  • Three days ago the science journal Nature reported that mouse tissue cells in the US and Japan were turned into embryonic-type stem cells without the use of eggs or embryos. (freerepublic.com)
  • The mass production of human embryos also poses important ethical challenges, including the cloning of human embryos in laboratories for research purposes and the probable exploitation of women to obtain the eggs needed for such production. (catholicphilly.com)
  • The stem cells suits human needs, does not cause harm and can be obtained from both adult and fetal does not conflict with religious beliefs, it has tissues, umbilical cord and early embryos. (who.int)
  • Following two postdoctoral positions he joined the Roslin Institute in Scotland in 1991, where he applied his previous experience to the production of mammalian embryos by nuclear transfer. (nottingham.ac.uk)
  • I've been working with mammalian embryos for over 40 years, with some work in my lab specifically focusing on various methods of cloning cattle and other livestock species. (wptv.com)
  • A year ago, we showed that you could do it with cells from embryos," says Wilmut. (newscientist.com)
  • Wilmut and his colleagues fuse the empty oocyte with the donor cell by bringing them together and subjecting them to an electric current. (newscientist.com)
  • They fuse as one cell," says Wilmut. (newscientist.com)
  • Wilmut says there were so many failures because it is difficult to ensure that the empty oocyst and the donor cell are at the same stage of the cell division cycle. (newscientist.com)
  • Wilmut moved to the University of Edinburgh the following decade, focusing on using cloning to make stem cells for regenerative medicine. (yahoo.com)
  • Wilmut, a trained embryologist, later focused on using cloning techniques to make stem cells that could be used in regenerative medicine. (wgnradio.com)
  • Cloning of human cells is a technology that holds the potential to cure many diseases and provide a source of exactly matched transplant tissues and organs. (news-medical.net)
  • Mechanochemical Principles of Spatial and Temporal Patterns in Cells and Tissues. (mpi-cbg.de)
  • Patterns are ubiquitous in living systems and underlie the dynamic organization of cells, tissues, and embryos. (mpi-cbg.de)
  • If Extramacrochaetae par-ticipates in cell specification by dimerizing with basic-region-helix-loop-helix proteins, the variety of defects and tissues affected by the insufficiency of extramacrochaetae suggests that helix-loop-helix proteins are involved in many embryonic developmental processes. (biologists.com)
  • Nowadays we know that stem cells from adult tissues, as well as those associated with a live birth (such as the umbilical cord, placenta, amniotic fluid, etc.) are far more versatile than originally thought. (catholicphilly.com)
  • They produced idential lambs called Megan and Morag, which originated from different cells of the same embryo. (newscientist.com)
  • And the federal policy doesn't prohibit the use of all embryonic stem cells. (breakpoint.org)
  • General Assembly the adoption of a declaration on human cloning by which Member States were called upon to prohibit all forms of human cloning inasmuch as they are incompatible with human dignity and the protection of human life. (who.int)
  • Their 'Human Cloning Prohibition Act of 2002' would prohibit human reproductive cloning by imposing significant criminal and civil penalties in the form of fines (at least $1 million) and up to ten years in prison. (boloji.com)
  • 2. Over the years, the international community has tried without success to build a consensus on an international convention against the reproductive cloning of human beings. (who.int)
  • 3. Creating awareness among ministries of health in the African Region will provide them with critical and relevant information on the reproductive cloning of human beings and its implications to the health status of the general population. (who.int)
  • 7. The WHO Regional Committee for Africa is invited to review this document for information and guidance concerning reproductive cloning of human beings. (who.int)
  • 3. Media reports on nuclear transfer are usually about one form, reproductive nuclear transfer, also known as reproductive cloning of human beings . (who.int)
  • More importantly, biotechnologists will for the first time be able to manipulate the genes of cells from farm animals directly before growing them into embryos. (newscientist.com)
  • Two separate research teams have figured out how to "reprogram" cells with just a handful of genes to give them the characteristics of embryonic stem cells. (nih.gov)
  • The fact that the DNA of a fully differentiated (adult) cell could be stimulated to revert to a condition comparable to that of a newly fertilized egg and to repeat the process of embryonic development demonstrates that all the genes in differentiated cells retain their functional capacity, although only a few are active. (who.int)
  • Cells become cancerous by accumulating, stepwise, a series of several mutations that alter the function of genes important for cell growth. (agemed.org)
  • to find regulatory genes of the achaete-scute complex (AS-C). The AS-C comprises four proneural genes that confer to cells the ability to become neuroblasts or sensory organ mother cells ( Campuzano and Modolell, 1992 , review). (biologists.com)
  • explosion further, consider that a fictitious small genome with 2002) More recently and more dramatically, the potential for 260 genes would host the same number of combinations as cell state conversions is exemplified by the reprogramming of the number of atoms in the visible universe! (lu.se)
  • Inactivation of tumor suppressor genes, whose products normally provide negative control of cell proliferation, contributes to malignant transformation in various cell types. (medscape.com)
  • Like Rb protein, many of the proteins encoded by tumor suppressor genes act at specific points in the cell cycle. (medscape.com)
  • TP53 activates the expression of genes involved in apoptosis, cell cycle regulation (p21), and MDM2. (medscape.com)
  • Another important class of tumor suppressor genes involved in cell cycle control and in the generation of human cancers is the cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK) inhibitors. (medscape.com)
  • In 2000, Texas A&M University cloned a Black Angus bull named 86 Squared, after cells from his donor, Bull 86, had been frozen for 15 years. (wikipedia.org)
  • Several of the reconstructed oocytes developed as normal embryos, although only one of the blastocysts contained donor DNA or mitochondrial DNA. (the-scientist.com)
  • Those were spindle removal, donor cell fusion, and cytoplast activation. (news-medical.net)
  • The mitochondrial DNA of the stem cells, however, matched the donor egg's mitochondrial DNA. (news-medical.net)
  • The resulting cells were pluripotent and could be differentiated into insulin-producing beta cells to restore the function of the pancreas in the donor. (news-medical.net)
  • For example, stem cells could be generated using the nuclear transfer process described above, with the donor adult cell coming from a patient with diabetes or Alzheimer's. (eurostemcell.org)
  • Recent news of an impending clinical cell transplantation trial in Parkinson's disease using parthenogenetic stem cells as a source of donor tissue have raised hopes in the patient community and sparked discussion in the research community. (lu.se)
  • The latest experiments have also produced three lambs from the cells of a sheep fetus aborted after 26 days, and four from a nine-day-old embryo. (newscientist.com)
  • This time, we thought we'd take them from a fetus and an adult as well. (newscientist.com)
  • But there was no way to easily know all the characteristics of the animal that would result from a cloned embryo or fetus. (wptv.com)
  • … "human clone" means an embryo that, as a result of the manipulation of human reproductive material or an in vitro embryo, contains a diploid set of chromosomes obtained from a single - living or deceased - human being, fetus, or embryo. (hinxtongroup.org)
  • Pampa, a Jersey calf, was the first animal cloned in Argentina (by the company Bio Sidus) in 2002. (wikipedia.org)
  • In June 2002, numerous international organizations joined the Collective in issuing a statement on human cloning in which they called on Congress to pass a strong, effective ban on using human cloning to create a human being. (boloji.com)
  • 2002). In humans, SSEA4 is expressed by building the nervous system but also for their prospec- nonneural cells such as the erythrocytes (Kannagi et al. (lu.se)
  • She is the first mammal ever created from the non-reproductive tissue of an adult animal. (newscientist.com)
  • If the same could be achieved in humans, it would mean that each of us could have clones of ourselves made from our own tissue. (newscientist.com)
  • Mammary glands are rich in these cells, which are more adaptable than other tissue. (newscientist.com)
  • But if, as seems likely, the Roslin team has succeeded in making an entire animal from adult tissue, it might be possible to do the same for humans. (newscientist.com)
  • This process gets rid of unneeded cells and is particularly important for "sculpting" tissue and organ structure during development of the embryo (or larval metamorphosis in insects), but may occur at any time even in adult cells when a tissue needs to be remodeled. (agemed.org)
  • What about tissue (adult) stem cells? (eurostemcell.org)
  • Obtaining stem cells from fatty tissue, bone marrow, or the umbilical cord after the birth of a baby, on the other hand, may be done ethically. (all.org)
  • 1983) and the multipotent progenitor cells from fetal disease (Bjorklund and Lindvall, 2000). (lu.se)
  • Three more cloned calves were born in 1998. (wikipedia.org)
  • Duane Gish, Ph.D. - The March 1998 Impact article"Cloning - What is It and Where is It Taking Us? (icr.org)
  • I often say to people the day is coming when you're going to open the New York Times, and above the fold, it's going to say, 'Embryos cure Parkinson's,' or 'Embryos cure diabetes,'" he said. (archstl.org)
  • These cells have been sought after as potential therapies for diseases ranging from heart disease to Parkinson's to cancer. (news-medical.net)
  • Within a few years, unless the religious right manages to stop it, specialized cells developed from either embryonic or adult cells will be used therapeutically to treat everything from Parkinson's, Alzheimer's, diabetes, spinal injuries, heriditary impairments, and even the regeneration of diseased organs. (prospect.org)
  • First, they extract immature, unfertilised egg cells called oocytes from the ovaries of ewes. (newscientist.com)
  • The NSW project team, led by Professor Bernie Tuch, will investigate another method of obtaining oocytes - from consenting adult cancer patients who have had their ovaries removed. (medicalxpress.com)
  • Granulosa cells from adult sheep were heated to nonphysiological temperatures (55 degrees C or 75 degrees C) before their nuclei were injected into enucleated metaphase II oocytes. (cnrs.fr)
  • Retrieved on December 04, 2023 from https://www.news-medical.net/life-sciences/Cloning-Human-Cells.aspx. (news-medical.net)
  • Among the factors thought to contribute to the greater success in cloning cattle are the relatively late embryonic genome activation specific for this species [16 -18] and the optimization of reproductive technologies, such as in vitro embryo production and embryo transfer, brought about by the cattle industry [19]. (sibi.org)
  • An Anatolian Grey bull (Efe) was cloned in Turkey in 2009 and four female calves from the same breed (Ece, Ecem, Nilüfer, Kiraz) in 2010 by the Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey (TÜBİTAK). (wikipedia.org)
  • A Boran cattle bull was cloned at the International Livestock Research Institute in Nairobi. (wikipedia.org)
  • The Church also supports research and therapies using adult stem cells, which are cells that come from any person who has been born - including umbilical cord blood, bone marrow, skin and other organs. (archstl.org)
  • Professor Campbell was a cell biologist/embryologist with a research career spanning more than 30 years, the majority of which was in the field of cell growth and differentiation. (nottingham.ac.uk)
  • Much of this research was presented and discussed at the annual meeting of the International Embryo Transfer Society where he will be remembered as an enthusiastic participant in discussions on current topics. (nottingham.ac.uk)
  • At the same time, the statement calls for a five-year moratorium on the use of cloning to create human embryos for research purposes. (boloji.com)
  • In a 2010 Pew Research Center survey , 48% of adults said that a human being would definitely or probably be cloned by 2050, compared with 49% who said such an event would not happen. (pewresearch.org)
  • Although the latest scientific work related to cloning has been focused on potential medical applications, much of that research is relevant to the creation of cloned children. (thenewatlantis.com)
  • Cloning-for-biomedical-research is also profoundly unethical, as it turns human reproduction into a manufacturing process in the most literal sense: human embryos are created to serve as raw materials for the production of biomedical research supplies. (thenewatlantis.com)
  • Cloning-for-biomedical-research also endangers the health and safety of the women called on to undergo dangerous hormone treatments to serve as egg donors. (thenewatlantis.com)
  • If research cloning is not stopped now, we face the prospect of the mass farming of human embryos and fetuses, and the transformation of the noble enterprise of biomedical research into a grotesque system of exploitation and death. (thenewatlantis.com)
  • The Threat of Human Cloning concludes by calling for laws prohibiting both human cloning and the creation of embryos for research. (thenewatlantis.com)
  • The scenario is an open public hearing of a research ethics committee, to decide on granting a licence for a clinical trial using human embryonic stem cells to treat spinal cord injuries. (eurostemcell.org)
  • May this type of research make human cloning more likely? (eurostemcell.org)
  • Under the rule, a third party could destroy the embryo by taking it apart and preserving the remaining living stem cells for research. (christianitytoday.com)
  • The use of various types of stem cells for research purposes to make disease "models" in the lab for regenerative medicine and for "therapies" to cure sick patients for diseases is constantly in the news. (lifeissues.net)
  • increased public sensitivity and awareness together with the development of national regulations of governance of human cloning and embryo research in general. (lifeissues.net)
  • An in-depth analysis aiming at re-defining this terminology according to the new developments in human embryo research would be highly beneficial . (lifeissues.net)
  • 3. National regulations of governance of human cloning and embryo research in general adopted so far confirm the convergence of views of the refusal to adopt legislation or guidelines permitting reproductive cloning , while they still show variations on the legitimacy of human cloning carried out as part of research agendas. (lifeissues.net)
  • The research is complicated biology, and stem cells come from a variety of sources: bone marrow, umbilical cord blood, aborted fetuses, human embryos, cloned human embryos. (eppc.org)
  • Finally, to make ethical opposition to embryo research seem not just misguided but irrational - like opposing the Earth's orbit around the sun. (eppc.org)
  • But their criticism fails to see the policy's larger aim: to promote basic research without creating a public incentive for further human embryo destruction and without forcing all citizens to pay for an activity that many believe is morally wrong. (eppc.org)
  • The president's policy neither bans all embryo research nor funds all embryo research. (eppc.org)
  • No harm comes to the person whose stem cells are obtained for research in such a fashion. (all.org)
  • Contrary to the impression many people have, research involving human embryonic stem cells is not new. (all.org)
  • So far the reprogramming of somatic cells shows very low rates of efficiency (~0.0006-1%) that have not improved in the last two decades of continuous research. (sibi.org)
  • Immunotherapy is the new promising research avenue for cancer therapeutics, and involves harnessing the body's immune system to attack cancer cells. (cbhd.org)
  • The year after Dolly's creation, U.S. President Bill Clinton imposed a ban on the use of federal funds for human cloning but stopped short of banning all cloning research. (wgnradio.com)
  • Is it permissible to directly kill human beings to make them the object of scientific research or to save other adult human beings? (catholicphilly.com)
  • This paper outlines the debates prompted through a reproduction mechanism involv- by progress in cloning research, with special ing male and female germ cells. (who.int)
  • WHA50.37, which states "the use of cloning for the replication of human individuals is ethically unacceptable and contrary to human integrity and morality. (who.int)
  • In fact, low levels of telomerase activity have been found in human adult stem cells including haematopoietic and non-haematopoietic stem cells such as neuronal, skin, intestinal crypt, mammary epithelial, pancreas, adrenal cortex, kidney, and mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) ( Table 1 ). (nature.com)
  • In Dolly's case, the cell came from the mammary gland of an adult ewe. (eurostemcell.org)
  • 3 Americans are divided as to whether humans will be cloned in the near future. (pewresearch.org)
  • 5 Fewer Americans are concerned with cloning animals than with the prospect of cloning humans , according to the same 2016 Gallup survey . (pewresearch.org)
  • In most countries, it is illegal to attempt reproductive cloning in humans. (eurostemcell.org)
  • Specifically, many wondered: If they're doing sheep now, how long until they clone humans? (yahoo.com)
  • Already, news that Advanced Cell Technology-a Massachusetts-based, privately held biotech company-and Virginia Medical School's Jones Institute had created or planned to create human embryos for the sole purpose of extracting their stem cells has troubled those on both sides of the debate. (christianitytoday.com)
  • He then moved to PPLTherapeutics, the company that was spun out from Roslin Institute, where that procedure and his expertise led to the birth of cloned and genetically modified sheep, pigs and cattle. (nottingham.ac.uk)
  • The efficiency of cloning, defined as the proportion of transferred embryos that result in viable offspring, is approximately 2 to 3% for all species. (sibi.org)
  • The breakthrough may eventually put to rest the ethical controversy surrounding stem cells. (nih.gov)
  • The report offers an ethical and policy analysis, articulating what makes cloning morally repugnant and calling for the practice to be definitively prohibited in the United States. (thenewatlantis.com)
  • Cloning technology, however, is perceived as having the potential for reproductive cloning, which raises serious ethical and moral concerns. (who.int)
  • The egg is artificially stimulated to divide and behave in a similar way to an embryo fertilised by sperm. (eurostemcell.org)
  • Polly was Wilmut's last cloning experiment. (yahoo.com)
  • Father Tad Pacholczyk is convinced that embryonic stem cells will someday cure diseases. (archstl.org)
  • Since embryonic stem cells have the ability to form virtually any cell type in the body, those taken from a cloned embryo could potentially be used to treat many diseases. (nih.gov)
  • The cells carry the potential to cure neurological diseases, diabetes, and many other illnesses. (christianitytoday.com)
  • However, the use of stem cells to treat diseases is still extremely limited in the present day. (zmescience.com)
  • Thus, a kind of 'regenerative medicine' gives people access to therapies derived from their own cells. (boloji.com)
  • The second way to reproduce is a strictly human invention - known as "asexual" reproduction - or more commonly, cloning. (cbc-network.org)
  • Cloning of a human being" means asexual reproduction by implanting or attempting to implant the product of nuclear transplantation [e.g., an embryo] into a uterus or substitute for a uterus with the purpose of producing a human being. (cbc-network.org)
  • While it is banned in Britain, however, human cloning is legal elsewhere, including the US. (newscientist.com)
  • The subject of human cloning has been around for much of the 20th century and beyond. (archstl.org)
  • from nationalreview.com Let's call it "stealth human-cloning legalization. (cbc-network.org)
  • It's easy to do: First, write a proposed law that you claim outlaws human cloning. (cbc-network.org)
  • your supposed cloning ban actually authorizes human cloning, implantation, and gestation through the ninth month. (cbc-network.org)
  • And now Washington joins the infamous list with Senate Bill 5594, a thoroughly disingenuous piece of legislation that purports to outlaw the cloning of human beings, but by manipulating language and redefining terms, actually permits human cloning and gestation of the resulting cloned embryos through the ninth month. (cbc-network.org)
  • Human cloning achievement? (the-scientist.com)
  • To date, some 35 countries have adopted laws forbidding human cloning. (who.int)
  • Human cloning involves creating embryos with the intent of implanting them in women to produce children. (boloji.com)
  • Last year, the Republican-controlled House of Representatives in the US Congress passed a bill banning all human cloning, a measure President Bush supports. (boloji.com)
  • There is no way that human cloning could be developed without unethical mass experimentation on women and children,' they said. (boloji.com)
  • Dolly's debut set off a firestorm about both the practical value and ethics of cloning, including the possibility of human cloning. (pewresearch.org)
  • Currently, more than 40 countries - including the UK, France, Germany and Japan - formally ban human cloning. (pewresearch.org)
  • The Threat of Human Cloning begins by laying out the scientific and policy background of the cloning debates. (thenewatlantis.com)
  • The United States government can, and must, outlaw human cloning. (thenewatlantis.com)
  • Human cloning is a reality, with human cloning experiments now being conducted-not by fictional wild-eyed rebels, but by credentialed experts working in some of the world's most respected institutions, some of which are publicly funded with tax dollars. (all.org)
  • For performing human cloning: Punishment by confinement from 2 (two) to 5 (five) years and fine. (hinxtongroup.org)
  • There is only one way to obtain stem cells from a developing human embryo, and it involves killing the embryo. (all.org)
  • 2008). Historically, this concept is highlighted by the experi- factors are key intrinsic regulators of these fate decisions and mental phenomenon of lineage reprogramming, for example, that fate choice involves modulating networks of transcription by the conversion of fibroblasts to muscles cells following trans- factors. (lu.se)
  • 2 Eight-in-ten American adults (81%) say cloning a human being is not morally acceptable, according to a May 2016 Gallup poll . (pewresearch.org)
  • Just 13% of adults in 2016 say cloning is morally acceptable. (pewresearch.org)