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Arrays of 30-nm -thick CoCuPy (12, 6, and 12 nm, respectively) slotted rings with typical outer diameters ranging from 300 to 600 nm and slot angles of 30°, 60°, and 90° were fabricated by electron-beam lithography. (northwestern.edu)

The enhanced interaction with the optical whispering-gallery modes of dielectric microresonators induces a strong phase modulation on co-propagating electrons, which leads to a spectral broadening of 700 electronvolts, corresponding to the absorption and emission of hundreds of photons. (nature.com)
Kfir, O. Entanglements of electrons and cavity photons in the strong-coupling regime. (nature.com)
Vortices made up of elementary particles, electrons and photons, have been created experimentally in the past, but until now vortex beams of atoms have existed only as a thought experiment. (weizmann.ac.il)
Researchers at IMS and their coworkers have shown theoretically and experimentally that a high energy electron in circular/spiral motion radiates vortex photons in the entire wavelength range from the radio-wave to the gamma-rays. (powersystemsdesign.com)
This type coil gives insight that allows us to connect monopole magnetism with the concept of hexagonal based photon flow and a resultant magnetic toroid with produces a monopole beam when photons follow a vortex path. (e-catworld.com)
The SPPs pass through the EMF transparent white hot steel cover of the heater layer and are reformatted by the regular crystal structure of the heat resistant mica to produce vortex motion of these heater generated infrared photons. (e-catworld.com)
However, a new property of photons was recently discovered that relate to electromagnetic (EM) vortices. (nxgenpartners.com)
Figure 1 a shows the well-known regime of twisted laser beams which contain an enormous number of photons. (nature.com)
In this technologically relevant limit, quantum statistics of photons will reveal behavior significantly different from the quasi-classical Poisson behavior exhibited by traditional OAM laser beams. (nature.com)

Electron magnetic circular dichroism (EMCD) (also known as electron energy-loss magnetic chiral dichroism) is the EELS equivalent of XMCD. (wikipedia.org)
Here, we consider a metallic chiral helimagnet, which is under stationary radiation of a resonant optical vortex beam. (opticaopen.org)
This vortex-induced interaction modulates the chiral magnetic order in an entirely different way than an external magnetic field does. (opticaopen.org)
Sum rules in zone axis STEM-orbital angular momentum resolved electron magnetic chiral dichroism , arXiv:1911.02006. (sqogroup.ca)
The interaction of OAM beams with chiral molecules creates an azimuthal flow of momentum, with a specific signature. (nxgenpartners.com)

The natural matching of free electrons to these quintessential optical modes could enable the application of integrated photonics technology in electron microscopy, with broad implications for attosecond structuring, probing quantum emitters and possible electron-light entanglement. (nature.com)
Carbone, F., Kwon, O.-H. & Zewail, A. H. Dynamics of chemical bonding mapped by energy-resolved 4D electron microscopy. (nature.com)
Creating, manipulating, and detecting coherent electrons is at the heart of future quantum microscopy and spectroscopy technologies. (bvsalud.org)
This source will decrease the impact of lens aberration and enable new modes in low-energy electron microscopy, electron energy loss spectroscopy, and high-resolution vibrational spectroscopy. (bvsalud.org)
We acknowledge the use of facilities in the John M. Cowley Center for High Resolution Electron Microscopy and the Center for Solid State Electronics Research at Arizona State University. (northwestern.edu)
Theoretical and practical aspects of the design and production of synthetic holograms for transmission electron microscopy, Journal of Applied Physics 131 , 031101 (2022). (sqogroup.ca)
Conventional electron microscopy operates with flat electron wave fronts. (kth.se)

UV radiation from a relativistic electron beam is diffracted by a double-slit. (powersystemsdesign.com)
Relativistic electron beam damage patterns produced on polystyrene witness foils in the laboratory. (plasma-universe.com)
Supernova 1987A in which synchrotron radiation has been associated with relativistic electrons. (plasma-universe.com)

Particle beams in a dense plasma focus, forming pairs of vortex filaments . (plasma-universe.com)
A team headed by physicist Sebastian Mühlbauer and Professor Christian Pfleiderer (both TUM) was able to visualize the lattice of magnetic vortex filaments, whose existence had been suspected for a long time, using neutrons from the TUM's Heinz Maier-Leibnitz (FRM II) research neutron source. (mytum.de)
The vortex filaments are already unusual in themselves. (mytum.de)
What is even crazier is that these vortex filaments always align themselves along the magnetic field. (mytum.de)
Saks ZS, Rozes D, Swatzlander GA. Holographic formation of optical-vortex filaments. (smr.ru)

The vector beams can be used for new spectroscopy techniques with very specific interaction signatures with matter. (nxgenpartners.com)
Our recent experiments performed by NxGen at Ultrafast Spectroscopy labs at CUNY support the existence of measurable OAM light-matter interactions using such a beam for studies of various concentrations of glucose. (nxgenpartners.com)

16QAM-OFDM signals are used to measure the performance, which is also compared with the FSO link based on Laguerre-Gaussian (LG) vortex beams multiplexing in the same experimental environment. (holoeye.com)
Sueda K, Miyaji G, Miyanaga N, Nakatsura M. Laguerre-Gaussian beam generated with a multilevel spiral phase plate for high intensity laser pulses. (smr.ru)

By mapping the near-field interaction with ultrashort electron pulses in space and time, we trace the lifetime of the the microresonator following a femtosecond excitation and observe the spectral response of the cavity. (nature.com)
Fig. 3: Spectral and temporal properties of the interaction between free electrons and WGMs. (nature.com)
It is noted that the spectral indices r and q of the generalized ( r , q ) distribution, the concentration of the cold, hot and the beam electrons, and the temperature ratios, significantly affect the fundamental properties of the propagation and interaction of electron acoustic solitary waves (EASWs). (frontiersin.org)
We propose a novel interaction between local spins considering microscopic interactions between an optical vortex and electrons. (opticaopen.org)
It is found that the interaction between vortices and static defects results in symmetry-breaking and slower critical dynamics upon increasing disorder. (caltech.edu)

Utilization of light from coherent ultrafast sources allows modulating electrons phase both transversally and longitudinally. (kth.se)

This results in a plethora of phenomena, as well as conceptually new techniques such as non-local electron holography of light fields and generation of ultrafast electron vortex beams. (kth.se)

Fried and Gould first predicted the existence of electron acoustic waves (EAWs) while studying the numerical solutions of electrostatic dispersion relation in an unmagnetized, homogeneous plasma ( Fried and Gould, 1961 ). (frontiersin.org)
In the lab, beams are often directed by electromagnetic fields and focused by electrostatic lenses. (plasma-universe.com)
Experimental demonstration of an electrostatic orbital angular momentum sorter for electrons , arXiv:1910.03706. (sqogroup.ca)

We demonstrate a 2-channel orbital angular momentum (OAM) multiplexed free space optical communication (FSO) link using perfect optical vortex (POV) beams. (holoeye.com)
This orbital angular momentum (OAM) of the beam is called a "twisted" or "helical" property of the beam. (nxgenpartners.com)
The semi-classical theory only captures the mean orbital angular momentum (OAM) of a laser beam with large photon number. (nature.com)

The effects of static disorder on the vortex phases and dynamics of high-temperature and conventional amorphous superconductors are investigated with various experimental techniques from DC to microwave frequencies. (caltech.edu)
Postdoctoral theorist Danilo Liarte is lead author of " Vortex Dynamics and Losses Due to Pinning: Dissipation from Trapped Magnetic Flux in Resonant Superconducting Radio-Frequency Cavities ," published Nov. 27 in Physical Review Applied. (cornell.edu)

By using FIBID, W-C superconducting films have been created with thickness modulation properties exhibiting periodicity from 60 to 140 nm, leading to a strong pinning potential for the vortex lattice. (beilstein-journals.org)
This produces local minima in the resistivity up to high magnetic fields (2.2 T) in a broad temperature range due to commensurability effects between the pinning potential and the vortex lattice. (beilstein-journals.org)
In their experiments, an extremely cold gas of Rubidium atoms was loaded into an optical lattice: a periodic structure of bright and dark areas, created by the interference of counter-propagating laser beams. (mpg.de)

Here we couple a free-electron beam to a travelling-wave resonant cavity mode. (nature.com)

POV beams are able to be transmitted coaxially over than 1m with the assistance of a microscope objective and normal lens. (holoeye.com)
Here we demonstrate the use of nanofabricated grating holograms to diffract and shape electrons in a scanning electron microscope. (bvsalud.org)

This corresponds to the excitation of a 2p electron to a 3d state by the absorption of a virtual photon providing the ionisation energy. (wikipedia.org)

This means that the optical effects can be designed in advance and fine-tuned to fit almost any purpose, perhaps creating a perfectly focused image, or a twisting vortex beam of light. (optics.org)
A size dependent vortex nucleation, annihilation and initial susceptibility were determined from magneto-optical hysteresis loops. (elsevierpure.com)
Berry MV. Optical vortices evolving from helicoidal integer and fractional phase steps. (smr.ru)
Cheong WG, Lee WM, Yuan X-C, Zhang L-S, Dholakia K, Wang H. Direct electron-beam writing of continuous spiral phase plates in negative resist with high power efficiency for optical manipulation. (smr.ru)
Lee WM, Ahluwalia BPS, Yuan X-C, Cheong WC, Dholakia K. Optical steering of high and low index microparticles by manipulating an off-axis optical vortex. (smr.ru)

The propagation of linear and nonlinear electron acoustic waves (EAWs) in an unmagnetized plasma, comprising dynamical inertial electrons, hot ( r , q ) distributed electrons, warm electron beam, and immobile ions is studied. (frontiersin.org)
We present the results from a theoretical investigation of laser beam propagation in relay imaging multi-pass layouts, which recently found application in high-energy laser amplifiers. (hi-jena.de)

Scientists have long been striving to produce various types of nano-scale vortices in the lab, with recent focus on creating vortex beams - streams of particles having spinning properties - where even their internal quantum structure can be made to spin. (weizmann.ac.il)
A particle beam (sometimes plasma beam , or charged particle beam ) is an accelerated stream of charged particles such as electrons and protons, often accelerated towards the speed of light. (plasma-universe.com)
In nature, particle beams are created by electric fields (which accelerate charged particles in opposite directions), such as those in double layers and Birkeland currents . (plasma-universe.com)
As a beam of particles passes through a cavity, it is hit with energy from radio waves, causing it to accelerate. (cornell.edu)
Phys.org) -Physicists at Australian National University have engineered a spiral laser beam and used it to create a whirlpool of hybrid light-matter particles called polaritons. (phys.org)

Comment on "Symmetry in electron and ion dispersion in 1D Vlasov-Poisson plasma" [Phys. (uni-bayreuth.de)

Weak measurement, projective measurement and quantum-to-classical transitions in electron-photon interactions , arXiv:1910.11685. (sqogroup.ca)
article{ IzvVUZ_AND-24-2-5, author = {Kuznetsov, Aleksandr Petrovich and Kuznetsov, Sergey Petrovich}, title = {Analogy in interactions of electronic beams and hydrodynamic flows with fields of resonators and periodic structures}, year = {2016}, journal = {Izvestiya VUZ. (sgu.ru)

It was found later on that the presence of cold and hot electrons can make this mode weakly damped ( Watanabe and Taniuti, 1977 ). (frontiersin.org)

Robert Dall with the spiral laser beam. (phys.org)
The team created the spiral beam by putting their laser through a piece of brass with a spiral pattern of holes in it. (phys.org)
The brass mask used to create the spiral laser beam. (phys.org)
Koltyar VV, Almazov AA, Khonina SN, Soifer VA, Elfstrom H, Turunen J. Generation of phase singularity through diffracting a plane or Gaussian beam by a spiral phase plate. (smr.ru)

We report efficient vortex pinning in thickness-modulated tungsten-carbon-based (W-C) nanostructures grown by focused ion beam induced deposition (FIBID). (beilstein-journals.org)

The circular-shaped dots with thickness of 60 nm and variable diameters of 0.2-0.8 μm were fabricated by using electron-beam lithography and lift-off technique. (elsevierpure.com)

Borovsky, J. E., " Double layers and plasma-wave resistivity in extragalactic jets - Cavity formation and radio-wave emission " (NASA, Conference on Double Layers in Plasmas, Huntsville, AL, Mar. 1986) Laser and Particle Beams (ISSN 0263-0346), vol. 5, May 1987, pt. (plasma-universe.com)
Considered the "smoking gun" of superconducting cavities, these lines of errant magnetic fields within the cavity are surrounded by vortices of electrons that interfere with the desired radio waves. (cornell.edu)
The vortex lines get trapped in the inevitable impurities of the cavity, the group found, and can dissipate RF power more quickly than earlier theorized. (cornell.edu)

During a theoretical debate with Prof. Ido Kaminer from the Technion, we came up with an idea for an experiment that would generate vortices of single atoms," says Dr. Yair Segev, who has recently completed his PhD studies in the group of Prof. Edvardas Narevicius of Weizmann's Chemical and Biological Physics Department. (weizmann.ac.il)
The resulting periodic structure of light resembles the geometry of simple solid state crystals where the atoms play the role of the electrons, making it an ideal model system to simulate condensed matter physics. (mpg.de)

This is an order of magnitude lower than for conventional field emission electron sources. (bvsalud.org)

However, the very basic property of angular momentum, which characterizes naturally occurring vortices both big and small, takes on a different twist on the quantum scale. (weizmann.ac.il)
Leveraging and specifically altering the quantum features of an electron beam source at low temperatures can enhance its emission properties. (bvsalud.org)
These vortices are an example of quantum fluid behaviour in which the polaritons coalesce into a rare state of matter known as a Bose-Einstein condensate. (phys.org)
As well as being a window into the quantum world, these polaritonic vortices could be used to construct extremely sensitive detectors of electromagnetic fields, similar to SQUIDS (Superconducting QUantum Interference Devices)," Dr Ostrovskaya said. (phys.org)
Fig. 1: Contrast between a traditional twisted beam and quantum pulse. (nature.com)
Schematic of a traditional twisted beam a compared to the quantum twisted pulse b put forth in this paper. (nature.com)

Here, we describe electron field emission from a monocrystalline, superconducting niobium nanotip at a temperature of 5.9 K. The emitted electron energy spectrum reveals an ultranarrow distribution down to 16 meV due to tunable resonant tunneling field emission via localized band states at a nanoprotrusion's apex and a cutoff at the sharp low-temperature Fermi edge. (bvsalud.org)

In the laboratory, such beams are created by particle accelerators such as cathode ray tubes, cyclotrons, and the dense plasma focus . (plasma-universe.com)
Professor James Sethna, left, and postdoctoral theorist Danilo Liarte, both members of the Center for Bright Beams, are working toward more efficient particle accelerators. (cornell.edu)

Peratt, Anthony L., " The role of particle beams and electrical currents in the plasma universe ", Laser and Particle Beams (ISSN 0263-0346), vol. 6, Aug. 1988, p. 471-491. (plasma-universe.com)

To generate and observe atomic vortices, the researchers aim a supersonic beam of helium atoms at these forked gratings. (weizmann.ac.il)
Before reaching the gratings, the beam passes through a system of narrow slits that blocks some of the atoms, transmitting only the atoms that behave more like large waves - those that are better suited to being shaped by the gratings. (weizmann.ac.il)
When these "wavy" atoms interact with the "forks," they are shaped into vortices, and their intensity is recorded and photographed by a detector. (weizmann.ac.il)
When we saw the donut-shaped image, we knew we had succeeded in creating vortices of these helium atoms," says Segev. (weizmann.ac.il)

Because the 3d electron states are the origin of the magnetic properties of the elements, the spectra contain information on the magnetic properties. (wikipedia.org)

Experimental evidence for second-order vortex-glass, Bose-glass and splayed-glass transitions are manifested by critical scaling of various physical quantities near the phase transitions via measurements of AC and DC transport properties, AC magnetic susceptibility, AC third-harmonic transmissivity, and microwave surface resistance. (caltech.edu)
The vortices have previously only appeared randomly, and always in pairs that swirl in opposite directions," said Dr Robert Dall, who led the experimental part of the project. (phys.org)
The experimental diffraction patterns obtained using the SPP made on a resist by direct recording by an electron beam are in good agreement with the estimated intensity distributions. (smr.ru)

An atom that absorbs a photon automatically goes to the direction of the laser beam whereby cooling and slowing it down. (researchgate.net)

Demonstration of electron acceleration in a laser-driven dielectric microstructure. (nature.com)
Breuer, J. & Hommelhoff, P. Laser-based acceleration of nonrelativistic electrons at a dielectric structure. (nature.com)
These vortices can get trapped within the active layer of the superconductor, creating magnetic fields that cause disarray within what should be a finely ordered system of acceleration. (cornell.edu)

This meant that the magnetic field for the measurements with the MIRA instrument of the FRM II was set up parallel to the neutron beam, rather than perpendicular as planned. (mytum.de)

The linear dispersion relation is investigated for varying beam velocity. (frontiersin.org)

Vortices - characterized by the circulation of flux around an axis - embody this property perfectly in their relentless spin. (weizmann.ac.il)

Laboratory produced particle beams typically require high energies, and are often associated with esoteric weapons research (eg. (plasma-universe.com)

Another difference is the way in which a vortex particle carries its angular momentum - not as a rigid, spinning propeller, but as a wave that flows and twists around its own axis of motion. (weizmann.ac.il)
When the slits are arranged into a fork-like shape, each atom that passes through them behaves like a wave that flows through a physical obstacle, in this way acquiring angular momentum and emerging as a spinning vortex. (weizmann.ac.il)
Such a vortex beam has a specific helicity and an associated angular momentum which is "orbital" in nature. (nxgenpartners.com)

The Cologne-based physicists theoretically calculated the magnetic vortices, which the physicists from Munich had measured with neutrons. (mytum.de)
The magnetic vortices are primarily of interest for quite different reasons, however. (mytum.de)
From a purely mathematical point of view, the magnetic vortices discovered by Pfleiderer and colleagues are precisely such skyrmions. (mytum.de)
The most important point regarding the magnetic vortices is that the discovery by Pfleiderer and Mühlbauer promises to have many new applications. (mytum.de)

In contrast to the normal light (left), the diffraction shows a deformation in the central part (right), indicating the existence of the phase singularity, which is a definite evidence of the vortex nature. (powersystemsdesign.com)
Furthermore, the scientists have been able to observe a transition from this Meissner phase to a vortex phase where the 'screening' of the external field breaks down. (mpg.de)
In that vortex phase, the external field is only partially cancelled. (mpg.de)
In the experiment the strength of the current was measured, which indicated a transition from the vortex to the Meissner phase. (mpg.de)
Above the superconducting transition temperature Tc, the temperature dependence of the conductivity is consistent with inelastic scattering processes which are destructive to the phase coherence for electron localization, thereby allowing estimates for Lφ(T). The Hall effect data on a-Mo3Si, in conjunction with the resistivity data, allow the determination of the carrier concentration and mean free path. (caltech.edu)

These vortices could help answer fundamental questions about the inner workings of the subatomic world and be used to enhance a variety of technologies - for example, by providing new capabilities for atomic microscopes. (weizmann.ac.il)

Quantities that can be obtained include valence and core-level electron binding energies of both water solvent and atomic as well as molecular solutes. (mpg.de)

Depending on the beam density, temperature and velocity, we get a critical condition for which the quadratic nonlinearity vanishes from the plasma system. (frontiersin.org)
Tokar and Gary (1984) presented a parametric survey and showed that the existence condition for the electron-acoustic waves is that the hot to cold electron temperature ratio ought to be larger than 10, and that the percentage of the hot electron component ought to be more than 20 percent of the total electron density. (frontiersin.org)

If the field is increased above that value, the current flows and spins around imaginary axis forming a vortex-like structure. (mpg.de)

One of the characteristics of particle beams, is synchrotron radiation resulting from the loss of energy from electrons moving through magnetic fields. (plasma-universe.com)

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