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PlastocyaninElectron TransportCytochromes fElectronsPhotosystem I Protein ComplexOxidation-ReductionCytochromes c6CytochromesPhotosynthetic Reaction Center Complex ProteinsAzurinMicroscopy, ElectronCytochrome c GroupSpinacia oleraceaCopperKineticsElectron Spin Resonance SpectroscopyMicroscopy, Electron, ScanningModels, MolecularCytochrome b6f ComplexPlantsNostocElectron Transport Complex IIICyanobacteriaProchlorothrixPhotosynthesisElectron-Transferring FlavoproteinsPlant ProteinsFerricyanidesSpectrophotometryChlorophyllFerredoxinsHemeChlorophytaElectron Transport Complex IVRhodobacter sphaeroidesSpectrum AnalysisChloroplastsCytochrome b GroupFerredoxin-NADP ReductaseStatic ElectricityElectrochemistryProtein ConformationMolecular Sequence DataChlamydomonas reinhardtiiAmino Acid SequenceFlavinsEthyldimethylaminopropyl CarbodiimideLightLight-Harvesting Protein ComplexesMetalloproteinsHydrogen-Ion ConcentrationIron-Sulfur ProteinsUbiquinoneRutheniumProtonsPhotosystem II Protein ComplexFlavoproteinsPlastoquinoneGene Transfer TechniquesFlavin MononucleotideFlavin-Adenine DinucleotideModels, ChemicalBinding SitesThylakoidsThermodynamicsOxidoreductasesQuinonesAnabaenaMutagenesis, Site-DirectedBacterial ProteinsPulse RadiolysisOxygenPhotochemical ProcessesParacoccus denitrificansPhotolysisMicroscopy, Electron, TransmissionPhotochemistryCytochromes c2Protein BindingNADPH-Ferrihemoprotein ReductaseEscherichia coliFlavodoxinElectrodesCytochromes c1Bioelectric Energy SourcesCrystallography, X-RayGene Transfer, HorizontalEmbryo TransferGeobacterSpectrophotometry, UltravioletMutationPheophytinsCatalysisChlamydomonasNADPShewanellaAntimycin AOsmolar ConcentrationFerrous CompoundsQuinone Reductases

Thylakoid membraneCytochromePhotosystemAcceptorPhotosynthesisPhotosynthetic electron transportPSIIChlorophyllReaction centerChloroplastsCopper-containCyclic photophosphorylationReactionsMoleculesPigmentCore antennaPhotonsMolecularProteinsAbsorbsSequenceTransport chainBindPhotoinduced charge sepComplexesEnergy levelSpecial pairFormBlueWork

Thylakoid membrane3

• Oxidized P700 is reduced on the lumenal side of the thylakoid membrane by plastocyanin or cytochrome c6. (cansar.ai)
• A mathematical model of electron transport on thylakoid membrane of cyanobacteria. (e-cyanobacterium.org)
• The electrons are accepted by a primary electron acceptor protein and then pass to the electron transport chain also embedded in the thylakoid membrane. (openstax.org)

Cytochrome10

• PSII absorbs a photon to produce a so-called high energy electron which transfers via an electron transport chain to cytochrome b6f and then to PSI. (wikipedia.org)
• In non-cyclic photophosphorylation, cytochrome b6f uses electrons from PSII and energy from PSI[citation needed] to pump protons from the stroma to the lumen. (wikipedia.org)
• In cyclic photophosphorylation, cytochrome b6f uses electrons and energy from PSI to create more ATP and to stop the production of NADPH. (wikipedia.org)
• PSI is a plastocyanin/cytochrome c6-ferredoxin oxidoreductase, converting photonic excitation into a charge separation, which transfers an electron from the donor P700 chlorophyll pair to the spectroscopically characterized acceptors A0, A1, FX, FA and FB in turn. (cansar.ai)
• In photosynthesis , plastocyanin functions as an electron transfer agent between cytochrome f of the cytochrome b 6 f complex from photosystem II and P700+ from photosystem I . Cytochrome b 6 f complex and P700 + are both membrane-bound proteins with exposed residues on the lumen-side of the thylakoid membrane of chloroplasts . (wikizero.com)
• Cytochrome f acts as an electron donor while P700+ accepts electrons from reduced plastocyanin. (wikizero.com)
• Plastocyanin is a "blue" copper protein which catalyzes electron transfer between the cytochrome b6 .f complex and P-700, the reaction center of photosystem I. Plastocyanin is a nuclear encoded polypeptide in all eukaryotic photosynthetic organisms where it has been studied. (agrisera.com)
• The cytochrome b6f complex occupies a central position in the sequence of photosynthetic electron transport carriers, oxidizing plastoquinol (PQH 2) and providing the electron transfer connection between the two reaction center complexes, PS II and PS I, to which H + transfer is coupled, thus contributing to the trans-membrane. (rehabsociety.org.hk)
• The structure of the cytochrome b6f complex was determined by isomorphous replacement, and the cytochrome b6f complex transfers 2H+ to the lumen (Kurisu et al. (rehabsociety.org.hk)
• Dr Matt Johnson, reader in Biochemistry at the University of Sheffield and one of the supervisors of the study added: "Cytochrome b6f is the beating heart of photosynthesis which plays a … Afterward, the electron acceptor of PSI may redirect electrons to ferredoxin-thioredoxin reductase (FTR) to form reduced thioredoxin, to ferredoxin-NADPH reductase (FNR) to generate NADPH, or to molecular oxygen to form hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). (rehabsociety.org.hk)

Photosystem5

• PsaA and PsaB bind P700, the primary electron donor of photosystem I (PSI), as well as the electron acceptors A0, A1 and FX. (cansar.ai)
• A photosystem that contains an iron-sulfur reaction center associated with accessory pigments and electron carriers. (e-cyanobacterium.org)
• The reaction center chlorophyll (or the primary electron donor) of photosystem I that is most reactive and best in absorbing light at wavelength of 700 nm. (e-cyanobacterium.org)
• As the excited electrons lose energy along the electron transport chain, they are fueling the process of: When photosystem I absorbs light and transfers an electron to a primary electron acceptor, an electron from _____________ fills the void. (sciencespo-lille.com)
• is the final electron acceptor in photosystem I. a. (sciencespo-lille.com)

Acceptor1

• Under normal circumstances, the electron would return to the ground state, but because the reaction center is arranged so that a suitable electron acceptor is nearby, the excited electron is taken up by the acceptor. (wikipedia.org)

Photosynthesis3

• In oxygenic photosynthesis, the first electron donor is water, creating oxygen (O2) as a by-product. (wikipedia.org)
• In anoxygenic photosynthesis various electron donors are used. (wikipedia.org)
• During light reactions, photosynthesis in autotrophs is limited by the light-capture range and electron-transport efficiency. (encyclopedia.pub)

Photosynthetic electron transport1

• The process in which pigment molecules produce electrons by capturing solar energy is called photosynthetic electron transport (PET). (encyclopedia.pub)

PSII1

• a. the matrix d. photosystems I and II b. carbon In PSII, energy from sunlight is used to split water, which releases two electrons, two hydrogen atoms, and one oxygen atom. (sciencespo-lille.com)

Chlorophyll5

• It transfers absorbed light energy to a dimer of chlorophyll pigment molecules near the periplasmic (or thylakoid lumen) side of the membrane. (wikipedia.org)
• The PsaA/B heterodimer binds the P700 chlorophyll special pair and subsequent electron acceptors. (cansar.ai)
• The absorbed energy travels to the reaction center of the antenna pigment that contains chlorophyll a and boosts chlorophyll a electrons to a higher energy level. (openstax.org)
• the electrons released from the oxidation of water replace the electrons that were boosted from the reaction center chlorophyll. (openstax.org)
• As the electrons from the reaction center chlorophyll pass through the series of electron carrier proteins, hydrogen ions (H + ) are pumped across the membrane via chemiosmosis into the interior of the thylakoid. (openstax.org)

Reaction center2

• If a special pigment molecule in a photosynthetic reaction center absorbs a photon, an electron in this pigment attains the excited state and then is transferred to another molecule in the reaction center. (wikipedia.org)
• If an electron of the special pair in the reaction center becomes excited, it cannot transfer this energy to another pigment using resonance energy transfer. (wikipedia.org)

Chloroplasts1

• Finally, our results suggest that chloroplasts inside E. timida rely on oxygen-dependent electron sinks during rapid changes in light intensity. (elifesciences.org)

Copper-contain1

• Plastocyanin is a copper-containing protein that mediates electron-transfer . (wikizero.com)

Cyclic photophosphorylation1

• c. the flow of electrons from Which is formed during non-cyclic photophosphorylation but not during cyclic Where do the light-dependent reactions take place? (sciencespo-lille.com)

Reactions2

• A membrane enriched in complexes formed of reaction centers, accessory pigments and electron carriers, in which photosynthetic reactions take place. (e-cyanobacterium.org)
• The cyclic pathway of light-dependent reactions uses ____ to absorb light energy and emit electrons. (sciencespo-lille.com)

Molecules1

• Electrons in pigment molecules can exist at specific energy levels. (wikipedia.org)

Pigment1

• As the ionized pigment returns to the ground state, it takes up an electron and gives off energy to the oxygen evolving complex so it can split water into electrons, protons, and molecular oxygen (after receiving energy from the pigment four times). (wikipedia.org)

Core antenna1

• PSI consists of a core antenna complex that captures photons, and an electron transfer chain that converts photonic excitation into a charge separation. (cansar.ai)

Photons1

• In PSI, it absorbs photons at 700 nm and is called P700. (wikipedia.org)

Molecular3

• The extra energy can be converted into molecular motion and lost as heat, or re-emitted by the electron as light (fluorescence). (wikipedia.org)
• To study the properties of the redox reaction of plastocyanin, methods such as quantum mechanics / molecular mechanics (QM/MM) molecular dynamics simulations. (wikizero.com)
• 1996). Molecular genetic analysis of plastocyanin biosynthesis in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. (agrisera.com)

Proteins2

• Plastocyanin was the first of the blue copper proteins to be characterised by X-ray crystallography . (wikizero.com)
• These hydrophobic and acidic patches are believed to be the recognition/binding sites for the other proteins involved in electron transfer. (wikizero.com)

Absorbs1

• The then-reduced PSI, absorbs another photon producing a more highly reducing electron, which converts NADP+ to NADPH. (wikipedia.org)

Sequence1

• 14) During aerobic respiration, electrons travel downhill in which sequence? (easynotecards.com)

Transport chain4

• Improving photosynthetic efficiency involves improving light capture and conversion capacities in the light-reaction stage, optimizing the electron-transport chain, increasing Rubisco carboxylase activity, and reducing photorespiration [ 2 ] . (encyclopedia.pub)
• 11) Energy released by the electron transport chain is used to pump H+ into which location in eukaryotic cells? (easynotecards.com)
• 13) During aerobic respiration, which of the following directly donates electrons to the electron transport chain at the lowest energy level? (easynotecards.com)
• light dependent reaction electron transport chain calvin cycle photolysis. (sciencespo-lille.com)

Bind1

• The copper site in plastocyanin, with the four amino acids that bind the metal labelled. (wikizero.com)

Photoinduced charge sep1

• This reaction, called photoinduced charge separation, is the start of the electron flow and transforms light energy into chemical forms. (wikipedia.org)

Complexes1

• Four-coordinate copper complexes often exhibit square planar geometry , however plastocyanin has a trigonally distorted tetrahedral geometry . (wikizero.com)

Energy level1

• The electron in the higher energy level is unstable and will quickly return to its normal lower energy level. (wikipedia.org)

Special pair1

• The loss of the electron gives the special pair a positive charge and, as an ionization process, further boosts its energy. (wikipedia.org)

Form1

• In the reduced form of plastocyanin, His-87 becomes protonated. (wikizero.com)

Blue1

• The blue colour (597 nm peak absorption) is assigned to a charge transfer transition from S pπ to Cu dx 2 -y 2 . (wikizero.com)

Work1

• Plastocyanin is believed to work less like an enzyme where enzymes decrease the transition energy needed to transfer the electron. (wikizero.com)