Electron acceptor donors. Medical search. Frequent questions

Wasielewski, MR , Johnson, DG & Svec, WA 1987, Photoinduced Electron Transfer in Fixed Distance Chlorophyll-Quinone Donor Acceptor Molecules . (northwestern.edu)
Davis, D., Toroker, M. C., Speiser, S. & Peskin, U. On the effect of nuclear bridge modes on donor-acceptor electronic coupling in donor-bridge-acceptor molecules. (nature.com)
In the simplest of molecules, dihydrogen (often written as H-H, or H 2 ), a single line represents the pair of electrons that forms a single bond between the two hydrogen atoms. (nationalacademies.org)
The oxygen atom in water has four nonbonding electrons, and the oxygen atom in formaldehyde carries two pairs of unshared electrons, represented by four dots on the oxygen atoms of the two molecules in the Lewis structure. (nationalacademies.org)
FIGURE 2.1 Lewis structures for formaldehyde (left) and water (right) show the presence of four electrons (each represented by a dot) on the oxygen atoms of the two molecules.These electrons are not involved in the formation of any bond. (nationalacademies.org)
Molecules with equal numbers of protons and electrons are not charged. (nationalacademies.org)
transfers two electrons from CoQH2 to two molecules of cytochrome c. (flashcardmachine.com)
Fundamental studies of photoelectrochemical processes in complex materials, including photophysics and photochemistry of light-harvesting and light-emitting molecules, as well as energy and electron transfer processes in supramolecular systems and molecular-semiconductor hybrid nanomaterials. (lu.se)

Deuteration of the pyridinium acceptor has a temperature independent effect ( k H /k D = 1.2) on k BET , indicating that, although the inverted region reactions within these complexes exhibit behavior that is remarkably classical, quantum-mechanical effects do need to be considered. (caltech.edu)
Organometallic „Sandwich" complexes, like ferrocene and cobaltocenium, are competent to reversibly accept and donate electrons. (uni-mainz.de)
Synthetic reactions driven by electron-donor-acceptor (EDA) complexes. (nih.gov)
We have found that generation of electron-donor-acceptor (EDA) complexes between thioglycosides (and related substrates) and sulfonium ions serves as a prerequisite to effective photochemical activation and subsequent glycosylation. (bsu.edu)

With potential electron acceptors close by, photoinduced electron transfer to this acceptor is possible. (uni-mainz.de)
Graphene oxide decorated with an electron donor, zinc(ii) phthalocyanine, and an electron acceptor, fullerene, has been synthesized, and photoinduced electron transfer leading to charge-separation is reported. (ewha.ac.kr)

Most P450s require redox partners for the electron transfer during catalysis. (nature.com)
In this study, we compare three pairs of frequently-used surrogate redox partner Sel Fdx1499/ Sel FdR0978, Adx/AdR and Pdx/PdR and in terms of their electron transfer properties. (nature.com)
A redox-active protein that carries electrons via a prosthetic Fe-containing heme group. (flashcardmachine.com)

it's filled with close-packed polymer electron donor chains (blue) and fullerene-based acceptors (red). (acs.org)
The as-prepared polyelectrolyte/hydrophobic polymer-based binary Pdots truly enhance the electron transfer between the Pt cocatalyst and the polymer photocatalyst with good water dispersibility. (lu.se)
Moreover, unlike the nonconjugated amphiphilic polymer, the photophysics and mechanism of this photocatalytic system through time-correlated single-photon counting (TCSPC) and transient absorption (TA) measurements confirmed the Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET) between the polyelectrolyte as a donor and the hydrophobic polymer as an acceptor. (lu.se)

Entry to coronene chemistry - Making large electron donors and acceptors. (mpg.de)
I want to get the latest chemistry news from C&EN in my inbox every week. (acs.org)

In many molecular species, the number of electrons is not equal to the number of protons. (nationalacademies.org)
transfers two electrons from NADH to CoQ while translocating four protons to the intermembrane space. (flashcardmachine.com)
reduces O2 to 2 H2O using four electrons donated by four cytochrome c and four protons from the matrix. (flashcardmachine.com)
Two protons are translocated to the intermembrane space for every two electrons that reduce oxygen. (flashcardmachine.com)

An organic solar cell is lightweight, flexible and can be produced at low cost with high-performance polymeric donors, fullerene, and non-fullerene acceptors (NFAs) through low-temperature solution processes on a transparent conductor, such as indium tin oxide (ITO) or fluorine-doped tin oxide (FTO). (sigmaaldrich.com)
The project will fabricate resonant cavity enhanced photodetectors based on non-fullerene acceptors operating at longer wavelengths than the state-of-the-art OPDs. (europa.eu)
Using recently reported new non-fullerene acceptors, we will fabricate and characterize wavelength selective resonant cavity enhanced OPDs with high external quantum efficiencies and short response times, operating at longer wavelengths (>1200 nm) than the current state-of-the-art OPDs. (europa.eu)

NMR, IR und UV/vis spectroscopy, cyclic voltammetry, spectroelectrochemistry, transient-absorption spectroscopy and single crystal X-ray diffraction were used to understand the principle electron transfer processes of this donor acceptor peptide. (uni-mainz.de)

A picosecond transient absorption experiment has been constructed and used for the study of intramolecular electron-transfer (ET) in three molecular systems. (caltech.edu)
The reorganization energy accompanying intramolecular electron-transfer within this system (λ ≈ 0.86 eV) has been determined by fitting the rates of photoinduced and thermal reactions to a single-mode quantum-mechanical ET model. (caltech.edu)
It was recently shown that infrared light excitation of intramolecular vibrations can radically change the efficiency of electron transfer, a fundamental chemical process. (nature.com)

Rates of electron-proton transfer within the H-bonded exciplexes are evaluated using the free energy correlation with donor's H-bonding acidity. (rsc.org)
Isotope Effect in the Magneto-Optoelectronic Response of Organic Light-Emitting Diodes Based on Donor-Acceptor Exciplexes. (utah.edu)

OLEDs as models for bird magnetoception: detecting electron spin resonance in geomagnetic fields. (utah.edu)
To improve OSC performance, it will tune the cavity's resonance wavelength to the absorption peak wavelength of either donors or acceptors. (europa.eu)
By tuning the cavity resonance wavelength within the optical gap of both donor and acceptor, weak absorption of intermolecular charge transfer (CT) states is significantly enhanced, opening up opportunities to extend the absorption window to longer wavelengths. (europa.eu)
To improve OSC performance, we will tune the cavity resonance wavelength to the optical absorption peak wavelength of either the strongly absorbing donor or acceptor. (europa.eu)

proteins mediating electron transport and oxidative phosphorylation are bound in the inner mitochondrial membrane, so the respiration rate varies with membrane surface area. (flashcardmachine.com)
Tyrosine residues act as intermediates in proton coupled electron transfer reactions (PCET) in proteins. (rsc.org)

In water (H-O-H), the lines connecting each hydrogen atom to the oxygen atom each represent a pair of electrons that form a single bond holding the hydrogen atoms to the oxygen. (nationalacademies.org)
strain CBDB1 used hexachlorobenzene and pentachlorobenzene as electron acceptors in an energy-conserving process with hydrogen as electron donor. (ufz.de)

Examination of the influence of various electron acceptors on reductive dehalogenation of tetrachloromethane by Shewanella putrefaciens 200 reveals that O2, NO(Sub 3)(super -) and NO(sub 2)(super -) inhibit the dehalogenation, while Fe(III), fumarate and trimethylamine oxide do not inhibit the dehalogenation. (readabstracts.com)
Reductive dehalogenase activity measurements using whole cells pregrown with different chlorobenzene congeners as electron acceptors indicated that different reductive dehalogenases might be induced by the different electron acceptors. (ufz.de)

Tuning the Surface Electron Accumulation Layer of In 2 O 3 by Adsorption of Molecular Electron Donors and Acceptors. (bvsalud.org)

In the experiments an ultrafast electronic-vibrational pulse sequence is applied to a range of donor-bridge-acceptor Pt( II ) trans -acetylide assemblies, for which infrared excitation of selected bridge vibrations during ultraviolet-initiated charge separation alters the yields of light-induced product states. (nature.com)
Batteries, fuel cells and supercapacitors are energy conversion and storage devices based on electrochemical energy production at the electrode/electrolyte interface and electron/ion transport separation. (sigmaaldrich.com)

Concepts for the thermodynamically challenging synthesis of weak N-H bonds by photoinduced proton coupled electron transfer are explored. (rsc.org)

Mini-review on using the secondary coordination sphere to facilitate multi-electron, multi-proton catalysis. (rsc.org)

Photoinduced electron transfers from porphyrin to cobaltocenium, starting from the excited singlet S1 and triplet T1 states of the porphyrin, were demonstrated. (uni-mainz.de)
transfers electrons from succinate through FAD to CoQ. (flashcardmachine.com)
Upon photo-excitation of the molecule, an electron transfers from the donor to the acceptor group by tunneling through the bridge. (aps.org)

A complete structural model for a molecule also shows the positions of electrons not involved in covalent bonding. (nationalacademies.org)
The pairs of electrons involved in holding the molecule together are represented by lines. (nationalacademies.org)
But the distribution of electrons in three dimensions need not be uniform in the molecule with respect to the distribution of the nuclei. (nationalacademies.org)
We describe an electron transfer molecule interferometer capable of controlling electron flow by inelastic tunneling manipulation. (aps.org)
The molecule consists of electron donor and acceptor groups that are connected by a bridge. (aps.org)

In the absence of an exogenous electron donor, transformation of tetrachloromethane is supported by endogenous substrates. (readabstracts.com)
After formation of methemoglobin and production of cyanomethemoglobin, thiosulfate acts as a sulfur donor to the endogenous enzyme rhodanese. (medscape.com)

In formaldehyde (H 2 C=O), the double line between the carbon atom and the oxygen atom represents two pairs of electrons, four electrons in total, joining the carbon atom to the oxygen atom. (nationalacademies.org)
For example, in the Lewis structures of formaldehyde and water ( Figure 2.1 ), the oxygen atom in each carries two pairs of unshared electrons from the outer valence shell. (nationalacademies.org)
Oxygen is used as terminal electron acceptor via respiration by roots, soil microbes, and soil organisms (Sylvia, 2005), and is lost from the soil system in the form of carbon dioxide (CO2). (kenyon.edu)
Although energy yields are much greater with oxygen than with any other terminal electron acceptor (see electron tower theory, section 2.1.1), under anoxic conditions anaerobic and facultative microbes can use alternative electron acceptors such as nitrate, ferric iron (Fe III), manganese (IV) oxide, sulfate, and carbon dioxide to produce energy and build biomass. (kenyon.edu)
As explained in the introduction, microorganism can use alternative terminal electron acceptor when dissolved oxygen is absent. (kenyon.edu)
Treat with high concentrations of humidified oxygen en route to the hospital. (medscape.com)

If a completed circuit is connected to the electrodes, the free electron will travel through the circuit, creating electric current and voltage, until it recombines with an electron-hole back in the p-type material. (sigmaaldrich.com)
Organic photodetectors (OPDs) and organic solar cells (OSCs) both rely on thin films containing blends of electron donors and acceptors, sandwiched between transmissive and reflective electrodes. (europa.eu)

Covalent bonds between two atoms are formed when the two atoms share a pair of electrons. (nationalacademies.org)
When the photon is absorbed by the n-type semiconductor, an electron is dislodged, generating a free electron and electron-hole pair. (sigmaaldrich.com)

In general, atoms with similar electronegativities share electrons equally. (nationalacademies.org)

Each of these electrons, not involved in a covalent bond, is represented by a dot. (nationalacademies.org)

The experiments, augmented by quantum chemical calculations, reveal a complex combination of vibronic mechanisms responsible for the observed changes in electron transfer rates and pathways. (nature.com)
The structure of the bridge is such that it provides interfering electron tunneling pathways. (aps.org)

Electron donors exert no influence on the rate of dehalogenation. (readabstracts.com)

Biological energy conversion is catalysed by proton-coupled electron transfer (PCET) reactions that form the chemical basis of respiratory and photosynthetic enzymes. (rsc.org)

Cobaltocenium is a suitable electron acceptor, which is a powerful reductant after reduction to cobaltocene. (uni-mainz.de)
An electron transport model developed on the basis of reduction rate explains the inhibition patterns. (readabstracts.com)
Unlike the type strain, Geobacter metallireducens , three of the five isolates could use H 2 as an electron donor for Fe(III) reduction. (usgs.gov)

The first of these is a donor-bridge-acceptor (D(br)A) complex composed of a d⁸-d⁸ iridium core covalently coupled to two pyridinium acceptors with flexible phosphonite spacers. (caltech.edu)

Sums of sigma-electron occupations and sEDA parameter for substituents of various character are gathered in the following table: Ozimiński, Wojciech P. (wikipedia.org)

Herein, we report a new donor-acceptor system for photo-induced proton-coupled electron transfer (PCET) that leverages an azo linkage as the proton-sensitive component and anthracene as a photo-trigger. (rsc.org)

The photoelectric effect causes certain semiconductor materials to absorb sunlight particles or photons, and release electrons. (sigmaaldrich.com)
Photovoltaic cells utilize layered semiconductor materials as a PN junction to convert light energy in the form of photons to electric current in the form of electrons. (sigmaaldrich.com)
The PN junction is an interface between a p-type semiconductor (electron acceptor material) and an n-type semiconductor (electron donor material). (sigmaaldrich.com)

Less comprehensive studies of two other electron-transfer systems are also reported. (caltech.edu)

Unlike the iridium system, in which the donor-acceptor electronic coupling H AB is less than 100 cm -1 , the couplings within these are over 2000 cm -1 . (caltech.edu)
Electron Transport System takes place where? (flashcardmachine.com)
Changes in the oxidation state of terminal electron acceptors may result in nutrient loss from the system via volatilization or leaching. (kenyon.edu)

Such substitutions create pathway-localized bridge vibrations that can be selectively IR- excited during the electron transfer event. (aps.org)

Electron bifurcation moves electrons from a two-electron donor to reduce two spatially separated one-electron acceptors. (rsc.org)

We suggest ways of experimentally controlling pathway interferences and electron transfer rates. (aps.org)

As a result, the list of indications for solid-organ transplantation has expanded considerably, placing increasing pressure on an already limited supply of donor organs. (medscape.com)

In the Class I apparatus, two electrons from NAD(P)H are transferred to the FAD-containing ferredoxin reductase (FdR) and then to P450 via the iron-sulfur cluster-containing ferredoxin (Fdx). (nature.com)

The order change of electron acceptor utilization is observed in soil aggregates and pollutant plume. (kenyon.edu)

The negatively charged electron is attracted to the p-type material, and the positively charged hole is attracted to the n-type material. (sigmaaldrich.com)

this is termed donor warm ischemic time (WIT). (medscape.com)

Anatomy3

Organisms39

Chemicals and Drugs130

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment25

Phenomena and Processes46

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COMPLEXES4

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