ElectrolytesHydrogen-Ion ConcentrationAcid-Base EquilibriumGastric Acidity DeterminationCarbon DioxideBicarbonatesOsmolar ConcentrationWater-Electrolyte BalanceSodiumPotassiumChloridesSodium ChlorideWaterHydrogenHydrogen BondingHydrogen PeroxideHydrogen SulfideCalciumProtonsBuffersAcidosisIonsIon ChannelsHydrochloric AcidMagnesiumKineticsAcidosis, RespiratoryGastric JuiceWater-Electrolyte ImbalanceMembrane PotentialsAcidosis, Renal TubularIon TransportSecretory RateBiological Transport, ActiveAcetazolamideAmmonium ChlorideCell Membrane PermeabilityPartial PressureAlkalosis, RespiratoryExtracellular SpaceSodium BicarbonatePotassium ChlorideTime FactorsTemperatureHelix (Snails)TurtlesElectrophysiologyModels, BiologicalPhosphatesModels, ChemicalOxygenMetalsCations, MonovalentElectric ConductivityCationsIon Channel GatingAmilorideSolutionsIon-Selective ElectrodesDogsAcidsElectrochemistryModels, MolecularBody FluidsBiological Transport