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Reference electrodeMulti-electrode arraysGlassy carbon electrodeAnodeScreen-printed electrodesElectrochemicalSelectiveIonsArraysMembraneElectrolyteParticlesInsertionStimulationConductiveGrapheneElectricalSodiumCarbon basedPorousMetallicProbeElectronsChestSiliconGraphiteReductionPositiveSubstratesCompositionCombinationNegativePumpsChemicalResearchersChamberOrganicInternalMadeVoltageTypicalLayerDiameterContinuousDepositionDeviceResponseStructureRecordingsSolutionBatteryAdditionSkinLeadStorageBody
Reference electrode5
  • Reference electrode. (wikipedia.org)
  • Silver/silver chloride is an industry preferred reference electrode because it has stable electrochemical potential under numerous measurement conditions. (wikipedia.org)
  • Electrode is composed of a stem into which an internal pH glass and reference electrode have been inserted, and is filled internally with liquid and coated with a diaphragm. (horiba.com)
  • In its current form, the device has nine electrodes: one reference electrode and eight other electrodes that are each covered by a specific material. (cea.fr)
  • The recording probe consisted of 32 channels and 1 reference electrode. (usc.edu)
Multi-electrode arrays2
  • We used multi-electrode arrays to record V1 activity in anesthetized macaques while presenting frames taken from brief video clips. (nature.com)
  • State-of-the-art acquisition systems can accommodate simultaneous recordings from hundreds of channels over several multi-electrode arrays positioned across the preparation. (usc.edu)
Glassy carbon electrode1
  • The development and analytical applications of electrochemical sensors based on antimony tin oxide (ATO)-Prussian blue (PB) screen-printed electrode (SPE) and PEDOT-PB modified glassy carbon electrode are presented. (researchgate.net)
Anode3
  • from Latina phoresis- move) is the instrument which measures the migration of a charged particles under the electric current toward anode electrodes forming different sized bands. (slideshare.net)
  • The PEM fuel cell consists of an electrolyte membrane sandwiched between an anode (negative electrode) and a cathode (positive electrode). (energy.gov)
  • The anode is the electrode at which oxidation (loss of electrons) takes place. (energy.gov)
Screen-printed electrodes5
  • Screen-printed electrodes (SPEs) are electrochemical measurement devices that are manufactured by printing different types of ink on plastic or ceramic substrates, allowing quick in-situ analysis with high reproducibility, sensitivity and accuracy. (wikipedia.org)
  • One of the principal advantages is the possibility of modifying the screen-printed electrodes, modifying the composition of its inks by adding different metals, enzymes, complexing agents, polymers, etc., which is useful for the preparation of multitude electrochemical analyses. (wikipedia.org)
  • The screen-printed electrodes (SPEs) are presented as a single device in which there are three different electrodes: Working electrode. (wikipedia.org)
  • Gold ink has less use due to Screen-printed electrodes offer several advantages such as low cost, flexibility of their design, great reproducibility of the process and of the electrodes obtained, the possibility of manufacturing them with different materials and the wide capacity of modification of the work surface. (wikipedia.org)
  • In addition, screen-printed electrodes avoid tedious cleaning processes. (wikipedia.org)
Electrochemical4
  • The modified electrode was characterized by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, cyclic voltammetry and differential pulse voltammetry. (ac.ir)
  • For the negative electrode, a carbon-based material was developed, which can be produced from the leftovers of apples and possesses excellent electrochemical properties. (sciencedaily.com)
  • The ATO-PB electrode was successfully applied in the electrochemical detection of K⁺ ions. (researchgate.net)
  • These electrodes provide a continuous measurement of an electrochemical profile that can be used to determine the type of bacteria present such as E. coli, staphylococcus aureus or streptococcus. (cea.fr)
Selective6
  • Ion selective electrodes are categorized into the five types shown below, depending on response membrane. (horiba.com)
  • Comparing preclinical studies, it appears that intrafascicular electrodes allow the selective recruitment of a greater number of muscles 152 , probably because more central fascicles are less accessible with monopolar epineural PNS. (researchgate.net)
  • When a voltage is applied, electrons withdraw from the polymer electrode, and GABA pumps through the selective transport gel, eventually reaching the four outlets. (ieee.org)
  • Trace levels of fluoride in biological media are determined primarily by potentiometric (ion selective electrode [ISE]) and gas chromatographic (GC) methods. (cdc.gov)
  • The fluoride ion selective membrane utilizes a membrane consisting of a slice of a single crystal of lanthanum fluoride that has been doped with europium (II) fluoride to improve its conductivity (Skoog et al. (cdc.gov)
  • Fluoride analyses using the ion selective electrode are simple, sensitive, and rapid. (cdc.gov)
Ions5
  • F - electrodes have a response membrane composed of a single crystal of lanthanum fluoride LaF 3 , and have a neutral internal solution containing F - ions. (horiba.com)
  • Applying a positive voltage to the gate causes both the gate and source electrode to inject positive copper ions into the electrolyte. (machinedesign.com)
  • This is because inserting a protection layer between the metal-based electrode and the perovskite film can prevent metal-induced degradation and that graphene, as such a layer, can effectively suppress the diffusion of metals and halide ions. (phys.org)
  • In particular, the major obstacle to the metal-based transparent conductive electrodes (TCE) application in PSCs is the degradation induced by the interdiffusion of metals and halide ions between the metal electrode and the perovskite layer. (phys.org)
  • This paper demonstrates that inserting a protection layer between the metal-based electrode and the perovskite film could prevent metal-induced degradation and that graphene, as such a layer , can effectively suppress the diffusion of metals and halide ions," says Gyujeong Jeong (Combined M.S/Ph.D. program of Energy and Chemical Engineering, UNISt), the first author of the study. (phys.org)
Arrays3
  • Utah Slanted Electrode Arrays (USEAs) implanted in arm nerves. (researchgate.net)
  • In this study, we implanted Utah Slanted Electrode Arrays (USEAs) intrafascicularly, at the elbow or shoulder in arm nerves of rhesus monkeys (n = 4) under isoflurane anesthesia. (researchgate.net)
  • To this end, we have developed a new generation of ultrathin flexible electrode arrays based on 12.5 µm thin wires embedded in a gelatin vehicle providing structural support during implantation. (lu.se)
Membrane6
  • Electrodes have a different internal resistance depending on their response membrane, and also require different measurement methods, electrode storage, and electrode maintenance. (horiba.com)
  • Response membrane consists of a glass thin membrane. (horiba.com)
  • Response membrane is composed of a single crystal of-or pressure-molded powder consisting primarily of- poorly-soluble metallic salt. (horiba.com)
  • Electrode has a response membrane which consists of a porous membrane or macromolecular material that acts as a support for polar organic solvent containing dissolved liquid ionic-exchanger. (horiba.com)
  • Also known as a plastic solidification membrane electrode. (horiba.com)
  • In case the electrodes come into contact with each other through physical movement of the battery or through changes in thickness of the electrodes, an electrically insulating, but chemically permeable membrane separates the two electrodes. (pveducation.org)
Electrolyte1
  • Creating or dissolving conduction paths in a solid electrolyte that bridge a memory cell's source and drain electrodes could build a nonvolatile memory. (machinedesign.com)
Particles2
  • History In 1807, a Russian Physicist, Alexander Reuss observed a novel phenomenon - when electricity was passed through a glass tube containing water and clay, colloidal particles moved towards the positive electrode. (slideshare.net)
  • Aerosols generated consisted of nanosized particles and were compositionally consistent with each electrode. (cdc.gov)
Insertion1
  • In the third study, we hypothesized that reducing the tissue resistance during the insertion of the electrodes would minimize the implantation injury. (lu.se)
Stimulation5
  • The strategy ultimately led to the creation of a prototype multi-electrode stimulation and recording probe for deep-brain stimulation. (electronicdesign.com)
  • A transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) unit consists of 1 or more electrical-signal generators, a battery, and a set of electrodes. (medscape.com)
  • Stimulation with subsets of 4-8 electrodes evoked specific motor behaviors in all the tested rats. (lu.se)
  • Depending on the exact electrode combination, stimulation elicited either improvement of locomotion, or grooming and rearing, increased turning, dyskinesia, or no movement. (lu.se)
  • These results suggest that improved stimulation specificity can be obtained by choosing the right group of electrodes from the cluster. (lu.se)
Conductive2
  • The electrode manufacturing process involves the sequential deposition of different layers of conductive and/or insulating inks on the substrates of interest. (wikipedia.org)
  • The BioHarness determines HR via capture of cardiac electrical impulses by conductive fabric (anti-microbial silver lycra) skin electrodes that are relayed to the transmitter for electronic filtration and analysis. (cdc.gov)
Graphene7
  • In their work, the research team developed a flexible metal grid-based hybrid electrode platform by using a Cu grid-embedded polyimide (CEP) film with a graphene sheet as the protection layer (GCEP), which exhibited high electrical conductivity, excellent chemical stability and mechanical durability. (phys.org)
  • The development demonstrates the critical role of graphene as a protection layer to prevent metal-induced degradation and halide diffusion between the electrode and perovskite layer. (phys.org)
  • The researchers solved the problem by inserting a graphene sheet as the protection layer at the metal electrode/perovskite layer interface. (phys.org)
  • Graphene can be an effective diffusion barrier if combined with metallic nanostructures having outstanding impermeability to metal and halide ion diffusion at the metal electrode/perovskite layer interface, enhanced charge collection across the void spacings of the metal nanostructures, minimal loss of optical transmittance as a protection layer due to its high optical transparency, and improvement of the mechanical durability of the hybrid electrode," noted the research team. (phys.org)
  • Suppressed Interdiffusion and Degradation in Flexible and Transparent Metal Electrode-Based Perovskite Solar Cells with a Graphene Interlayer, Nano Letters (2020). (phys.org)
  • Imagine a switch consisting of a flexible graphene bar that forms a circuit when the bar touches a silicon electrode. (technologyreview.com)
  • The trick is to carve the top layer of graphene into a bar shape that is anchored at both ends by electrodes. (technologyreview.com)
Electrical7
  • An electrode used in metallurgy, which continuously forms in an electrical furnace when a mixture of coke and coal-tar pitch is added to a heated steel casing and is baked as it passes through. (uspto.gov)
  • A safe and painless test that uses electrodes placed on the scalp to measure the brain's electrical activity. (epilepsy.com)
  • Tiny pores were filled with molecules and brought into electrical contact via a platinum electrode from below and a gold nanoparticle electrode from above. (unibas.ch)
  • Tiny pores are then etched into this layer to produce arbitrary patterns of compartments of different sizes, inside which there is an electrical contact with the platinum electrode. (unibas.ch)
  • Within this film, the individual molecules exhibit a regular arrangement and an electrical connection with the lower platinum electrode. (unibas.ch)
  • Electrical contact with the molecular layer is established via an upper electrode made of gold nanoparticles. (unibas.ch)
  • One popular technology for modern wireless HR monitors consists of a chest strap that contains sensors for capturing cardiac electrical impulses conducted across the skin. (cdc.gov)
Sodium1
  • The material developed for the positive electrode consists of several layers of sodium oxides. (sciencedaily.com)
Carbon based1
  • In this work, we prepared the electrode composite LiFePO 4 @carbon based on hydrothermal route and pyrolysis process at different temperature at 600, 700, and 800°C. The glucose as carbon coating source was added at the beginning of hydrothermal reaction. (hindawi.com)
Porous2
  • A lead acid battery consists of a negative electrode made of spongy or porous lead. (pveducation.org)
  • These larger crystals are unlike the typical porous structure of the lead electrode, and are difficult to convert back into lead. (pveducation.org)
Metallic1
  • The researchers used a type of sandwich construction in which an interlayer of molecules is brought into contact with metallic electrodes from above and below. (unibas.ch)
Probe1
  • A probe storage bottle is used to store an electrode during field and lab use. (thomassci.com)
Electrons1
  • The cathode is the electrode at which reduction (gaining of electrons) takes place. (energy.gov)
Chest2
  • The VNS generator is placed in the upper left chest, and the electrode is placed in the left side of the neck. (dukehealth.org)
  • The BioHarness ™ (Zephyr Technology Corporation, Annapolis, MD, US) is a U.S. FDA-approved wireless, ambulatory physiological monitoring device that consists of a 50 mm wide, adjustable fabric chest strap and attached transmitter unit (total weight 85 grams). (cdc.gov)
Silicon1
  • They consist of microchannels etched into substrates made of silicon, glass, or polymer using processes similar to photolithography. (bvsalud.org)
Graphite2
Reduction1
  • Electrolytic production of the metal (titanium, hafnium, tantalum, vanadium) by the direct reduction of the metal ion at the electrode. (uspto.gov)
Positive3
Substrates1
  • The three electrodes could be printed on different types of substrates (plastic or ceramic) and could be manufactured with a great variety of inks. (wikipedia.org)
Composition3
  • The composition of the different inks (carbon, silver, gold, platinum) used in the manufacture of the electrode determines its selectivity and sensitivity. (wikipedia.org)
  • The electrode ink composition is chosen according to the final application and the selectivity and sensitivity required for the analysis. (wikipedia.org)
  • The electrodes composition is usually confidential information from the manufacturing company, however, there are key elements for the electrodes composition such as binders, used to improve the affinity of the substrate and ink, and solvents employed to improve the viscosity for the printing process. (wikipedia.org)
Combination1
Negative1
  • The charging reaction converts the lead sulfate at the negative electrode to lead. (pveducation.org)
Pumps1
  • The test fluids in the channels can then interact with different elements such as electrodes, photodetectors, chemical sensors, pumps, and valves. (bvsalud.org)
Chemical2
  • The researchers used this transparent and flexible hybrid electrode to fabricate flexible metal TCE-based PSCs, attaining good chemical and mechanical stability. (phys.org)
  • At full discharge, the two electrodes are the same material, and there is no chemical potential or voltage between the two electrodes. (pveducation.org)
Researchers1
  • A team of researchers, affiliated with UNIST has come up with a novel electrode that could greatly improve the stability of perovskite solar cells (PSCs), the most promising candidate for the next generation solar cells due to their low cost and high power conversion efficiency. (phys.org)
Chamber1
  • The Orion electrode storage chamber consists of electrode storage bottles and an electrode bulb guard. (thomassci.com)
Organic1
  • An organic LED consists of wafer-thin organic semiconductor layers positioned between two electrodes. (bmwblog.com)
Internal1
Made1
Voltage1
Typical1
  • A typical fuel cell stack may consist of hundreds of fuel cells. (energy.gov)
Layer3
  • The quantum dot deposition is followed by the deposition of an electron transporting layer (ETL) and electrodes. (sigmaaldrich.com)
  • PrMem consists of three layers: a top electrode, an active layer, and a bottom electrode. (springer.com)
  • The lower electrode consists of a layer of platinum, which is coated with a layer of non-conducting material. (unibas.ch)
Diameter2
Continuous1
  • To examine toxicity of welding fume NP components, a system was constructed for controlled and continuous NP generation from commercial welding and customized electrodes with varying proportions of Fe and Mn. (cdc.gov)
Deposition1
  • The process consists of several stages: Film deposition usually on plastic or ceramic. (wikipedia.org)
Device3
  • The device consists of a pulse generator and electrodes for sensing and defibrillating. (cms.gov)
  • Metal oxide-based electrodes (ITOs) have been used as conventional transparent conducting electrodes, but their inflexibility causes them to be easily broken or fractured, hence making them unsuitable to wearable device applications. (phys.org)
  • The device consists of a reservoir for the drug, a conducting polymer control electrode, and a channel containing the transport gel. (ieee.org)
Response1
  • The method is highly reproducible, specific and sensitive, and the electrode has a rapid response. (ac.ir)
Structure3
  • This work aimed at preparing the electrode composite LiFePO 4 @carbon by hydrothermal and the calcination process was conducted at 600, 700, and 800°C. The structure and morphology were determined by X-ray diffraction (XRD), SEM, Raman spectroscopy, X-ray photon spectroscopy (XPS), and thermal analysis. (hindawi.com)
  • What is the structure of the chip resistor electrodes and how are they plated? (rohm.com)
  • The basic structure consists of a silver electrode plated with nickel-tin solder. (rohm.com)
Recordings1
  • This database consists of 122 16-electrode EHG recordings performed on 45 pregnant women. (physionet.org)
Solution5
  • Both electrodes are immersed in a electrolytic solution of sulfuric acid and water. (pveducation.org)
  • The solution consists of measuring potential differences in a 10ml sample of blood using 1mm-sized electrodes. (cea.fr)
  • Electrode Storage Solution 475 mL plastic bottle pH of solution is 6.2 to 7.4 For short term storage of all electrodes for one day to a week. (thomassci.com)
  • Restore proper electrode performance and extend electrode life by using ready-to-use bottles of Thermo Scientific™ Orion™ pH electrode storage solution. (thomassci.com)
  • life of your electrodes and maintain accurate readings Use cleaning and storage solution with any pH or ORP electrodes Electrode storage solution keeps pH/ORP electrode bulbs moist for faster, more accurate readings. (thomassci.com)
Battery2
  • A VNS consists of a generator, or battery, and an electrode. (dukehealth.org)
  • Lead sulphate is an insulator, and therefore the way in which lead sulfate forms on the electrodes determined how easily the battery can be discharged. (pveducation.org)
Addition1
  • In addition, the GCEP electrode improved the PSC photostability by blocking the ultraviolet (UV) and near-UV light. (phys.org)
Skin2
  • it is connected to the vagus nerve through an electrode that is placed under the skin in the left side of your neck. (dukehealth.org)
  • A wire, which runs under the skin, connects the generator to the electrode. (dukehealth.org)
Lead1
Storage1
Body1