ElectrodesElectrodes, ImplantedCochlear ImplantationMicroelectrodesCochlear ImplantsVisual ProsthesisElectrochemistryNeural ProsthesesScala TympaniEquipment DesignConductometryIon-Selective ElectrodesElectrochemical TechniquesElectric ImpedanceCochleaElectric StimulationElectronics, MedicalTemporal BoneEquipment Failure AnalysisElectronicsGoldDeafnessBiosensing TechniquesProsthesis ImplantationElectric Stimulation TherapyLoudness PerceptionAction PotentialsAuditory ThresholdElectrophysiologySignal Processing, Computer-AssistedSpiral GanglionPotentiometryEvoked Potentials, Auditory, Brain StemEvoked Potentials, VisualElectroencephalographyGlucose OxidaseRobiniaFluorocarbon PolymersGraphiteCochlear NerveProstheses and ImplantsComplex MixturesPsychoacousticsCatsSpeech PerceptionElectromyographyProsthesis DesignBlindnessAcoustic StimulationHearingReproducibility of ResultsHearing LossEnzymes, ImmobilizedNeuronsOligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis