Acoustic StimulationElectrodesAuditory ThresholdCochleaElectric StimulationElectrodes, ImplantedCochlear ImplantsHearingAuditory PathwaysHearing AidsOtoacoustic Emissions, SpontaneousEvoked Potentials, AuditoryCochlear ImplantationAudiometry, SpeechEvoked Potentials, Auditory, Brain StemDeafnessAuditory CortexCochlear NerveNoiseHearing LossTympanic MembranePsychoacousticsSound SpectrographyEfferent PathwaysSpeech PerceptionSound LocalizationInferior ColliculiOlivary NucleusCochlear NucleusAudiometryAuditory PerceptionAudiometry, Pure-ToneHair Cells, Auditory, OuterElectric Stimulation TherapyHair Cells, AuditoryGerbillinaeIon-Selective ElectrodesGuinea PigsTime FactorsElectrochemistryFunctional LateralityDeep Brain StimulationNeuronsStimulation, ChemicalPhysical StimulationElectrochemical TechniquesMicroelectrodesTranscranial Magnetic StimulationAction PotentialsPotentiometryEquipment DesignFluorocarbon PolymersBiosensing TechniquesGraphiteCells, CulturedCatsTranscutaneous Electric Nerve StimulationElectromyographyElectrophysiologyEvoked PotentialsElectroencephalographyGoldRats, Sprague-DawleyCalciumElectric ImpedanceMuscle ContractionConductometryPhotic StimulationSignal TransductionEnzymes, ImmobilizedSubthalamic NucleusDogsElectricityCarbonKineticsMembrane PotentialsEvoked Potentials, MotorVagus NerveEquipment Failure AnalysisDose-Response Relationship, DrugCell LineMotor CortexSelf StimulationReflexRats, WistarReaction TimePhosphorylationEnzyme ActivationSynaptic TransmissionMotor NeuronsSignal Processing, Computer-AssistedStereotaxic TechniquesMuscle, SkeletalBioelectric Energy SourcesNeural ConductionHydrogen-Ion ConcentrationRabbitsAfferent PathwaysEvoked Potentials, SomatosensoryVisual Prosthesis