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EicosanoidsHydroxyeicosatetraenoic AcidsEicosanoic AcidsArachidonic AcidLeukotrienesReceptors, EicosanoidLipoxinsLipoxygenaseThromboxane B2Leukotriene B4DinoprostoneArachidonate 5-LipoxygenaseProstaglandin-Endoperoxide Synthases8,11,14-Eicosatrienoic AcidProstaglandinsArachidonic AcidsGroup IV Phospholipases A212-Hydroxy-5,8,10,14-eicosatetraenoic Acid6-Ketoprostaglandin F1 alphaLipoxygenase InhibitorsPhospholipases A2Phospholipases AMasoprocolSRS-ACyclooxygenase InhibitorsArachidonate 15-LipoxygenaseLipoxygenasesAlkane 1-MonooxygenaseThromboxanesProstaglandin D2Yin-YangArachidonate 12-LipoxygenaseIndomethacinDecapitationCyclooxygenase 2Receptors, Lipoxin5,8,11,14-Eicosatetraynoic AcidCyclooxygenase 1Thromboxane A2Epoxide Hydrolases4,5-Dihydro-1-(3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)-1H-pyrazol-3-amineEpoprostenolDinoprostCytochrome P-450 Enzyme SystemLeukotriene C4Fatty Acids, UnsaturatedEicosapentaenoic AcidCalcimycinFatty Acids, Omega-3AspirinReceptors, ThromboxaneProctocolitisProstaglandin H2Prostaglandins ECyclooxygenase 2 InhibitorsUmbelliferonesLeukotriene A4Prostaglandin AntagonistsPhospholipases A2, SecretoryAnti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-SteroidalInflammationPiroxicamNitrobenzenesGinkgolidesFish VenomsThromboxane-A SynthaseFatty Acids, Omega-6Prostaglandins APhospholipases A2, CytosolicCells, CulturedPhospholipidsChromatography, High Pressure LiquidGroup VI Phospholipases A2Receptors, ProstaglandinGroup X Phospholipases A2
LeukotrienesOxidized fattyArachidonic acid-derived eicosanoidsPolyunsaturated fattyMoleculesThromboxanesInflammatoryInflammationCytochromeCytokinesEpoxygenase-derivedMacrophagePathwaysBiosynthesisBioactivePlateletMediators derivedEicosapentaenoic acidRolesSystemicThromboxanePharmacologicalPathwayVascularInhibitorsInhibitionReceptorTumorigenesisMetabolitesHormonesTissueSpeciesBiologicalPathologicalImmune responseCardiovascularCyclooxygenaseProcessesProductionEffectsDistantRegulationMajorIncludeFunctionImportantCellsRoleHealthClass
Leukotrienes12
Oxidized fatty2
  • Eicosanoids are a sub-category of oxylipins, i.e. oxidized fatty acids of diverse carbon units in length, and are distinguished from other oxylipins by their overwhelming importance as cell signaling molecules. (wikipedia.org)
  • Eicosanoids, oxidized fatty acids that serve as cell-signaling molecules, have been broadly implicated in tumorigenesis. (nih.gov)
Arachidonic acid-derived eicosanoids1
  • Lipid mediators are bioactive lipids, such as lysophospholipids (and their derivatives) and arachidonic acid-derived eicosanoids. (rndsystems.com)
Polyunsaturated fatty5
  • Eicosanoids are bioactive metabolites of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) with key roles in infection and inflammation 8 . (nature.com)
  • Eicosanoids are signaling molecules made by the enzymatic or non-enzymatic oxidation of arachidonic acid or other polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) that are, similar to arachidonic acid, around 20 carbon units in length. (wikipedia.org)
  • Changes in dietary fatty acids, specifically the polyunsaturated fatty acids of the ω-3 and ω-6 families and some derived eicosanoids from lipoxygenases, cyclooxygenases, and cytochrome P-450, seem to control the activity of transcription factor families involved in cancer cell proliferation or cell death. (springer.com)
  • Eicosanoids are signaling molecules derived from polyunsaturated fatty acids and play important roles in inflammation, immune response, and various physiological processes. (proprofs.com)
  • 02 They are derived from polyunsaturated fatty acids. (facts.net)
Molecules3
  • The proportion, quantity, or volume in a body tissue or fluid of eicosanoids, signaling molecules derived from C20 fatty acids. (mcw.edu)
  • In this article, we will delve into the incredible world of eicosanoids and uncover 19 unbelievable facts about these molecules. (facts.net)
  • Eicosanoids are powerful signaling molecules that play crucial roles in various physiological processes in the body, including inflammation, pain, blood clotting, and immune response. (facts.net)
Thromboxanes1
  • Analysis of scRNA-seq datasets suggests that PGE 2 and prostacyclins are derived from fibroblasts, PGD 2 and thromboxanes from myeloid cells, and PGD 2 and 5-HETE from tuft cells. (nih.gov)
Inflammatory10
  • Monocyte-derived macrophages (MDM) drive the inflammatory response to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and they are a major source of eicosanoids in airway inflammation. (nature.com)
  • Thus, SARS-CoV-2 infection leaves an inflammatory imprint in the monocyte/ macrophage compartment that drives aberrant macrophage effector functions and eicosanoid metabolism, resulting in long-term immune aberrations in patients recovering from mild COVID-19. (nature.com)
  • By studying transcriptome- and lipid mediator profiles in MDM of convalescent SARS-CoV-2-infected individuals with previous mild disease, we show that inflammatory gene expression and eicosanoid profiles as well as altered responsiveness to inflammatory cues are maintained at 3-5 months post infection as well as throughout macrophage differentiation. (nature.com)
  • Pro-inflammatory 5-LOX metabolites were selectively increased in post COVID-19 MDM, suggesting that SARS-CoV-2 infection drives a pro-inflammatory eicosanoid reprogramming that contributes to long-term alterations in innate immune cell function. (nature.com)
  • In particular we are studying the role of eicosanoids in normal pregnancy and preeclampsia, the contribution of a purinergic receptor to the release of the cytokine interleukin-1beta in pregnancy as well as investigation of the inflammasome in coordinating inflammatory pathways coupled to cytokine release. (nottingham.ac.uk)
  • The prostaglandins, which are part of a larger group of fat-derived substances called eicosanoids, have both inflammatory and anti-inflammatory functions. (ironmanmagazine.com)
  • 1 Another example: inflammation is increasingly linked to chronic disease, but research shows that omega-3 fats play important roles in reducing inflammation by lowering the concentration of pro-inflammatory eicosanoids such as thromboxane B2 and leukotriene B4. (nutritionaloutlook.com)
  • 13 Eicosanoids are involved in the onset and progression of inflammatory bowel disease. (facts.net)
  • These pharmacological properties of the oil support the traditional use of N. sativa and its derived products as a treatment for rheumatism and related inflammatory diseases. (thieme-connect.com)
  • There is a growing body of evidence in both human and animal studies that indicates that n-3 LcPUFAs inhibit inflammation by altering the transcription of key inflammatory genes and by competing with the n-6 LcPUFA, arachidonic acid (ARA), for key enzymes participating in pro-inflammatory eicosanoid biosynthesis (Figure 1 ) [ 19 , 20 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Inflammation5
  • In this view, the opposing effects of ω-6 PUFA-derived and ω-3 PUFA-derived eicosanoids on key target cells underlie the detrimental and beneficial effects of ω-6 and ω-3 PUFA-rich diets on inflammation and allergy reactions, atherosclerosis, hypertension, cancer growth, and a host of other processes. (wikipedia.org)
  • Eicosanoids play pivotal roles in parturition, inflammation, hemodynamics, and renal function, and our appreciation of their bioimpact and relevance to human diseases is still evolving. (jci.org)
  • Eicosanoids are water-soluble mediators of inflammation that all are derived from arachidonic acid released from the cell membrane by PLA2 and then modified by various enzymes, including Cox-2. (asbmb.org)
  • From inflammation and pain to blood clotting and immune response, eicosanoids are involved in numerous biological activities. (facts.net)
  • Effect of selenium and selenoproteins on gut inflammation with an emphasis on eicosanoid metabolism and macrophage polarization. (psu.edu)
Cytochrome4
  • Mechanisms underlying the modulatory actions of cytochrome P450-derived eicosanoids in human myometrium. (nottingham.ac.uk)
  • Free AA can be metabolized to eicosanoids through three major pathways: the cyclooxygenase (COX) pathway, the lipoxygenase (LOX) pathway, and the cytochrome P450 (CYP) pathway. (frontiersin.org)
  • Prostaglandins derived from the cyclooxygenase (COX) pathway and epoxyeicosatrienoic acids (EETs) from the cytochrome P450/soluble epoxide hydrolase (sEH) pathway are important eicosanoids that regulate angiogenesis and tumorigenesis. (cdc.gov)
  • Inhibition of vascular smooth muscle cell migration by cytochrome p450 epoxygenase-derived eicosanoids. (uchicago.edu)
Cytokines1
  • The synthesis of eicosanoids is tightly controlled through the activation of specific enzymes and is influenced by various factors, including hormones, cytokines, and tissue damage. (facts.net)
Epoxygenase-derived1
  • Importantly, CYP epoxygenase-derived EETs are involved in the maintenance of cardiovascular homeostasis. (frontiersin.org)
Macrophage1
  • The aim of this dissertation was to investigate how macrophage derived lipid mediators are regulated in viral type 1 and allergic/ parasitic type 2 immune responses, which was analyzed in three different immunological settings. (tum.de)
Pathways2
  • They are part of a much larger group of compounds, the eicosanoids, which, although ubiquitous as a group, are produced by a variety of cell type-, tissue-, and species-specific biosynthetic pathways. (jci.org)
  • This action might come about through antagonism of the effects of arachidonic acid-derived mediators or through more direct actions on the intracellular signalling pathways which lead to activation of transcription factors such as nuclear factor kappa B (NFB). (nih.gov)
Biosynthesis1
  • Numerous evidences support the role of altered EET biosynthesis in the pathophysiology of hypertension and suggest the utility of antihypertensive strategies that increase CYP-derived EET or EET analogs. (frontiersin.org)
Bioactive2
  • More importantly, this finding shattered a dogma of the time that held that fatty acids played only structural roles in cells, thus opening the way for discovery of the many other important bioactive fatty acid-derived products. (jci.org)
  • 01 Eicosanoids are a diverse group of bioactive lipids. (facts.net)
Platelet2
  • Platelets elaborate a number of proinflammatory substances, such as adenosine diphosphate, tissue growth factor beta (TGF-ß), and platelet-derived growth factors (PDGF). (medscape.com)
  • Eicosanoids mediate activity influencing platelet plug formation, vascular permeability, and cellular chemotaxis to influence wound healing. (medscape.com)
Mediators derived1
  • Targeting leukemia using novel lipid mediators derived from n-3 and n-6 fatty acids. (psu.edu)
Eicosapentaenoic acid2
  • For each subfamily, there is the potential to have at least 4 separate series of metabolites, two series derived from ω-6 PUFAs (arachidonic and dihomo-gamma-linolenic acids), one series derived from the ω-3 PUFA (eicosapentaenoic acid), and one series derived from the ω-9 PUFA (mead acid). (wikipedia.org)
  • Eicosanoids are synthesized from essential fatty acids, such as arachidonic acid, eicosapentaenoic acid, and docosahexaenoic acid. (facts.net)
Roles1
  • In performing these roles, eicosanoids most often act as autocrine signaling agents to impact their cells of origin or as paracrine signaling agents to impact cells in the proximity of their cells of origin. (wikipedia.org)
Systemic2
  • 07 Eicosanoids have both local and systemic effects. (facts.net)
  • Eicosanoids can act locally at the site of their synthesis or have systemic effects by exerting their actions on distant tissues and organs. (facts.net)
Thromboxane1
Pharmacological1
Pathway1
  • Regardless of the etiology, a deficiency of cyclooxygenase (COX), a key regulatory enzyme in the synthetic pathway of eicosanoid production, results in beneficial and detrimental physiologic conditions relative to imbalances of the eicosanoids. (medscape.com)
Vascular2
  • Mechanisms underlying non-prostanoid eicosanoid modulation of vascular function in normal and pre-eclamptic pregnancies. (nottingham.ac.uk)
  • Eicosanoids contribute to cardiovascular health by regulating blood pressure, vascular tone, and the formation of blood clots. (facts.net)
Inhibitors1
  • Samples of the expressed fixed oil from different sources of Nigella sativa seeds were examined by thin-layer and gas chromatography for content of fixed oils and thymoquinone, and these substances were tested as possible inhibitors of eicosanoid generation and membrane lipid peroxidation. (thieme-connect.com)
Inhibition1
  • However, the inhibition of eicosanoid generation and lipid peroxidation by the fixed oil of N. sativa is greater than is expected from its content of thymoquinone (ca. 0.2% w/v), and it is possible that other components such as the unusual C20:2 unsaturated fatty acids may contribute also to its anti-eicosanoid and antioxidant activity. (thieme-connect.com)
Receptor2
  • We interrogated RNA sequencing datasets for eicosanoid synthase or receptor expression. (nih.gov)
  • BLT2 is a pharmacologically distinct receptor, which is ubiquitously expressed and displays low affinity for LTB4 and also binds other eicosanoids [ 26 , 27 ]. (hindawi.com)
Tumorigenesis2
  • Here, we aimed to identify eicosanoids associated with pancreatic tumorigenesis and the cell types responsible for their synthesis. (nih.gov)
  • Our analyses identify key changes in eicosanoid species during pancreatic tumorigenesis and the cell types that contribute to their synthesis. (nih.gov)
Metabolites1
  • In consequence, tissue levels of the ω-6 and ω-3 PUFAs and their corresponding eicosanoid metabolites link directly to the amount of dietary ω-6 versus ω-3 PUFAs consumed. (wikipedia.org)
Hormones3
  • These are lipid soluble hormones derived from cholesterol. (proprofs.com)
  • Even though they are earliest hormones (dating from 550 million years ago), eicosanoids only were identified in the 20th century starting with the discovery of essential fatty acids in 1929. (the-zone-diet-plan.com)
  • The word eicosanoids is derived from the Greek word for 20 which is eicosa, since all of these hormones are synthesized from essential fatty acids that are 20 carbon atoms in length. (the-zone-diet-plan.com)
Tissue1
  • 1. High in omega-6 - Vegetable oils have introduced a massive, evolutionarily-novel dose of linoleic acid into our diets, throwing off our dietary and tissue omega-3:omega-6 ratios and resulting in lopsided levels of eicosanoids derived from omega-6. (marksdailyapple.com)
Species1
  • He had been second author on a recent paper out of the Dennis lab that introduced a new technique for simultaneously identifying and quantifying up to 60 lipid species in the eicosanoid family. (asbmb.org)
Biological3
  • Edward Dennis The eicosanoids have various biological effects, but because they are so similar, each representing a different minor modification to arachidonic acid, it was difficult to tell them apart. (asbmb.org)
  • Strange, mysterious, and almost mystical, eicosanoids are the key to our health because they control the flow of information in our Biological Internet. (the-zone-diet-plan.com)
  • The biological effects of smoking water pipe on haemostasis and the eicosanoid system is unknown. (who.int)
Pathological2
  • 19 Eicosanoid imbalance can lead to pathological conditions. (facts.net)
  • Eicosanoids have emerged as key regulators of a wide variety of physiological responses and pathological processes, and control important cellular processes. (bvsalud.org)
Immune response3
  • Serum and airway prostanoid- and LT levels are increased in severe COVID-19 10 , 11 , suggesting a role for eicosanoids in the immune response to SARS-CoV-2 infection. (nature.com)
  • 09 Eicosanoids contribute to the immune response. (facts.net)
  • Eicosanoids play a crucial role in modulating the immune response by regulating the activation and migration of immune cells, such as macrophages and lymphocytes. (facts.net)
Cardiovascular2
Cyclooxygenase1
  • Chemistry and structure of cyclooxygenase-derived eicosanoids: a historical perspective. (nau.edu)
Processes1
Production2
  • This change leads to decreased production of arachidonic acid-derived mediators. (nih.gov)
  • However, n-3 PUFA have a number of other effects which might occur downstream of altered eicosanoid production or might be independent of this activity. (nih.gov)
Effects1
Distant1
  • Eicosanoids may also act as endocrine agents to control the function of distant cells. (wikipedia.org)
Regulation1
Major2
Include1
  • The PUFA precursors to the eicosanoids include: Arachidonic acid (AA), i.e. 5Z, 8Z,11Z,14Z-eicosatetraenoic acid is an ω-6 fatty acid with four double bonds in the cis configuration (see Cis-trans isomerism), each located between carbons 5-6, 8-9, 11-12, and 14-15. (wikipedia.org)
Function1
Important1
Cells1
Role1
Health3
  • Easily integrated into a variety of foods, and with health benefits that transcend omega-3 content, flaxseed strives to gain respect in a functional-foods world dominated by fish-derived EPA and DHA. (newhope.com)
  • Whether you are a chemistry enthusiast or simply interested in learning more about the intricate workings of the human body , these facts will captivate your mind and showcase the importance of eicosanoids in maintaining overall health and well-being. (facts.net)
  • 16 Eicosanoids influence skin health. (facts.net)
Class1
  • Each class of enzymatically produced eicosanoids governs a specific set of functions and is thought to serve as a mediator or autacoid, acting within a local microenvironment to orchestrate key cellular responses. (jci.org)