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EhrlichiaEhrlichiosisEhrlichia chaffeensisEhrlichia canisEhrlichia ruminantiumRickettsiaceaeTrichuriasisTrichurisRickettsiaceae InfectionsAnaplasmaDog DiseasesAnaplasmataceaeTicksGiardiasisIxodesHeartwater DiseaseDogsCryptosporidiumDisastersCocaDisaster PlanningPublic HealthCommunicationPandemicsEarthquakes

EwingiiChaffeensisAnaplasmaEhrlichiosisEauclairensisInfectionSpeciesObligateBorreliaBacteriumRickettsiaDetectionInclusion bodiesMechanismsProteinsHostAnaplasmosisTicksIxodesGroEL genePathogensMorulaeEMLAGranulocyticEhrlichiosesCanineMajorPositive

Ewingii3

• The antibody response to infections by Ehrlichia chaffeensis , Ehrlichia ewingii , Ehrlichia canis and Ehrlichia muris is primarily directed against outer-membrane protein antigens and is most often detected using standard IFA and MIF methods. (fullerlabs.com)
• In 1999, Buller et al reported 4 incidents of ehrlichiosis in Missouri due to Ehrlichia ewingii . (medscape.com)
• Recognized species include E. canis, E. chaffeensis, E. ewingii, E. muris, and E. ruminantium ( 1 ). (cdc.gov)

Chaffeensis5

• Our IFA slides contain infected cells in a traditional format, while our 2-antigen MIF (depicted below) pairs purified Anaplasma phagocytophilum with purified Ehrlichia chaffeensis in each slide well. (fullerlabs.com)
• Ehrlichia chaffeensis is a small, gram negative, obligately intracellular bacterium that preferentially infects mononuclear phagocytes. (frontiersin.org)
• In contrast, human monocytic ehrlichiosis (HME) is caused by Ehrlichia chaffeensis, which infects monocytes. (medscape.com)
• Although Ehrlichiosis can technically be caused by several strains of this bacteria, the vast majority of cases are caused by the contraction of Ehrlichia chaffeensis . (jillcarnahan.com)
• Human monocytic ehrlichiosis (HME) is an emerging life-threatening tick-borne disease caused by the obligate intracellular bacterium Ehrlichia chaffeensis . (scientificarchives.com)

Anaplasma12

• Custom formats containing combinations of these Ehrlichia or Anaplasma antigens can be made available. (fullerlabs.com)
• Ehrlichia and Anaplasma species, members of the family Rickettsiae, are gram-negative, obligate, intracellular coccobacilli that resemble Rickettsia species. (medscape.com)
• Today we're going to explore two of these silent and sneaky invaders known as Anaplasma and Ehrlichia . (jillcarnahan.com)
• Anaplasma and Ehrlichia are actually the names of two distinct bacterial species. (jillcarnahan.com)
• And Anaplasma and Ehrlichia have been identified as co-infections to Lyme disease - which is the most commonly contracted tick-borne illness. (jillcarnahan.com)
• 4 Now let's take a look at exactly what kind of symptoms co-infections with Anaplasma and Ehrlichia can cause. (jillcarnahan.com)
• What Are the Symptoms of Anaplasma and Ehrlichia ? (jillcarnahan.com)
• You might be wondering, with such a wide range of symptoms, how exactly can you be sure if you've contracted Anaplasma or Ehrlichia ? (jillcarnahan.com)
• How Are Anaplasma and Ehrlichia Diagnosed? (jillcarnahan.com)
• Diagnosing Anaplasma and Ehrlichia can be tricky and often requires some detective work. (jillcarnahan.com)
• Ixodes persulcatus (n = 125) and Dermacentor reticulatus (n = 84) ticks from Western Siberia, Russia, were tested for infection with Borrelia, Anaplasma/Ehrlichia, Bartonella, and Babesia spp. (cdc.gov)
• I. persulcatus ticks were infected with Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato (37.6% +/- 4.3% [standard deviation]), Anaplasma phagocytophilum (2.4% +/- 1.4%), Ehrlichia muris (8.8% +/- 2.5%), and Bartonella spp. (cdc.gov)

Ehrlichiosis2

• An Ehrlichia muris- like (EML) pathogen was detected symptoms, and clinical course of ehrlichiosis and anaplas- among 4 patients in Minnesota and Wisconsin during 2009. (cdc.gov)
• A bacterial infection of Ehrlichia in humans causes a condition known as Ehrlichiosis . (jillcarnahan.com)

Eauclairensis1

• This species was previously called " E. muris- like agent" (EMLA), but is now referred to as E. muris eauclairensis . (medscape.com)

Infection2

• Elderly and immunocompromised patients, includ- hrlichiosis and anaplasmosis are emerging tickborne ing those with HIV infection and those receiving immuno- zoonoses caused by Ehrlichia spp. (cdc.gov)
• Despite its small genome and limited number of effector proteins, Ehrlichia efficiently establishes an intracellular infection and avoids immune defenses in vertebrate and invertebrate hosts through complex molecular and cellular reprogramming strategies. (frontiersin.org)

Species5

• Ehrlichia muris is a species of pathogenic bacteria first isolated from mice, with type strain AS145T. (wikipedia.org)
• In 2009, a new Ehrlichia species was identified in patients in the upper Midwest area. (medscape.com)
• Sequencing of 16S rDNA, sodB, and groEL genes indicated that the bacterium is most likely a novel Ehrlichia species. (cdc.gov)
• Other species identified in North America are Panola Mountain ( 2 ) and the E. muris -like agent ( 3 ). (cdc.gov)
• Two recently identified new species are Ehrlichia sp. (cdc.gov)

Obligate1

• Ehrlichia are zoonotic obligate intracellular alpha-proteobacteria of the family Anaplasmataceae. (fullerlabs.com)

Borrelia1

• Recent discoveries of emerging pathogens such as Borrelia mayonii and Ehrlichia muris add to the complexity of properly diagnosing and treating tickborne diseases. (cdc.gov)

Bacterium1

• Macrophages and monocytes are the major target cells for Ehrlichia , although this bacterium can infect other cell types such as hepatocytes and endothelial cells [ 4 ]. (scientificarchives.com)

Rickettsia1

• Like Rickettsia , Ehrlichia organisms gain access to the blood via a bite from an infected tick. (medscape.com)

Detection1

• 6 , 7 ) in horse serum, no reports have documented isolation or PCR detection of Ehrlichia spp. (cdc.gov)

Inclusion bodies1

• Ehrlichia inclusion bodies, such as morulae, are visible in the cytoplasm of infected mononuclear phagocytic cells after 5-7 days. (medscape.com)

Mechanisms1

• In this review, we discuss the recent advances in our understanding of the molecular and cellular mechanisms that underlie Ehrlichia host cellular reprogramming strategies that enable intracellular survival. (frontiersin.org)

Proteins1

• The major antigenic determinants of Ehrlichia are surface membrane proteins. (medscape.com)

Host1

• Clusters of Ehrlichia multiply in host monocyte vacuoles (phagosomes) to form large, mulberry-shaped aggregates called morulae. (medscape.com)

Anaplasmosis1

• Elderly and immunocompromised patients, includ- hrlichiosis and anaplasmosis are emerging tickborne ing those with HIV infection and those receiving immuno- zoonoses caused by Ehrlichia spp. (cdc.gov)

Ticks4

• 7,800 I. scapularis ticks from 33 states in the northeast- hrlichia muris was originally isolated from a mouse ern, midwestern, and southeastern regions, we found only in Japan in 1983 ( 1 ). (cdc.gov)
• In 2017, To determine the identity of these EMLA isolates, we the E. muris -like isolates from the upper midwestern Unit- examined gltA and groEL gene sequences of isolates from ed States were proposed as a taxonomically distinct sub- the 2 I. scapularis ticks and found them to be identical. (cdc.gov)
• The detection of E. muris in I. scapularis ticks from gests that the primary vectors and reservoir hosts of Lyme the upper midwestern United States corroborates previ- borreliosis play a major role in the enzootic transmission ously reported findings ( 2,3,6 ). (cdc.gov)
• However, despite the clade of E. muris in I. cookei ticks from the northeastern broad distribution of I. scapularis ticks and P. leucopus mice United States represents a potential risk to humans or a dif- in North America, to our knowledge, E. muris has not been ferent enzootic cycle of E. muris in the Northeast. (cdc.gov)

Ixodes1

• Ehrlichia muris-Like Agent (EML) is transmitted to humans by the blacklegged tick, Ixodes scapularis. (clinlabnavigator.com)

GroEL gene1

• the groEL gene for Ehrlichia spp. (cdc.gov)

Pathogens1

• In the 2000s, new rickettsial pathogens of veterinary importance that have been identified include Ehrlichia minasensis, Neorickettsia findlayensis, and Ehrlichia japonica . (veteriankey.com)

Morulae4

• Ehrlichia multiply in cytoplasmic vacuoles, forming tightly packed clusters of bacteria called morulae. (clinlabnavigator.com)
• Likewise, the examination of peripheral blood smears for ehrlichia morulae is very low yield (≤20%) and is unreliable as a diagnostic test. (clinlabnavigator.com)
• Clusters of Ehrlichia multiply in host monocyte vacuoles (phagosomes) to form large, mulberry-shaped aggregates called morulae. (medscape.com)
• Ehrlichia inclusion bodies, such as morulae, are visible in the cytoplasm of infected mononuclear phagocytic cells after 5-7 days. (medscape.com)

EMLA1

• E. muris -like agent (EMLA) was identified as a causative from Laporte, MN, and 1 from Eleva, WI). (cdc.gov)

Granulocytic1

• First molecular characterization of a granulocytic Ehrlichia strain isolated from a dog in South Italy. (nih.gov)

Ehrlichioses1

• An example in the United States is human ehrlichioses, an emerging infectious disease caused by Ehrlichia spp. (nih.gov)

Canine3

• Local and regional temporal trends (2013-2019) of canine Ehrlichia spp. (figshare.com)
• The model was used to quantify both regional and local temporal trends of canine Ehrlichia spp. (figshare.com)
• Conclusions Canine Ehrlichia spp. (figshare.com)

Major1

• The major antigenic determinants of Ehrlichia are surface membrane proteins. (medscape.com)

Positive1

• positive for E. muris -specific DNA. (cdc.gov)