Effusion thoracoscopy. Medical search. Frequent questions

[ 3 ] In cases for which the initial evaluation of a pleural effusion is nondiagnostic and malignancy is suspected, medical thoracoscopy and parietal pleural biopsy should be considered. (medscape.com)
[ 4 ] Medical thoracoscopy with pleural biopsy establishes a diagnosis in more than 90% of the cases. (medscape.com)
Image guided biopsy and thoracoscopy have largely replaced blind biopsy due to their greater sensitivity and safety profile. (wikipedia.org)
Biopsy during medical thoracoscopy confirmed metastatic papillary thyroid carcinoma. (biomedcentral.com)
In this review, the differential diagnostic aspects of transudate versus exudate are further elaborated, and the role of thoracoscopy is compared to closed pleural biopsy and image guided biopsy. (ersjournals.com)
In patients with pleural effusion, a blind biopsy of the parietal pleura can be obtained. (ersjournals.com)
Medical thoracoscopy is well tolerated and allows direct visualization and biopsy of pleural processes under conscious sedation. (mesothelioma-line.com)
In the case of having to biopsy pulmonary nodules that are difficult to access by CT (nodules that are not superficial and cannot be seen or palpated with the thoracoscopy forceps), it may be necessary to place a guide wire under CT control on the same day as the operation, under local anesthesia. (cun.es)

Ultrasound has a sensitivity of 73% and specificity of 100% at distinguishing malignant pleural effusions from other causes of pleural effusion, based on the presence of visible pleural metastases, pleural thickening greater than 1 cm, pleural nodularity, diaphragmatic thickening measuring greater than 7mm and an echogenic swirling pattern visible in the pleural fluid. (wikipedia.org)
There are many potential causes of pleural effusion, but it is a common complication of mesothelioma caused by asbestos exposure. (mesothelioma.net)

The postoperative course was complicated by a multiloculated left pleural effusion. (cdc.gov)
Our patient was a 69-year-old female with a large left pleural effusion. (mesothelioma-line.com)
Chest X-ray showed left pleural effusion, which was diagnosed as chylothorax. (or.jp)

Patients with recurrent, symptomatic MPEs underwent medical thoracoscopy with placement of a TPC and talc poudrage. (nih.gov)
Chemical pleurodesis is one of the major therapeutic options for patients with recurrent malignant pleural effusion. (medscimonit.com)
Recurrent non-malignant exudative effusions remain a diagnostic and potentially management dilemma. (mesothelioma-line.com)
Pleurodesis following pleural aspiration decreases the chance of pleural effusion recurrence, and has been a widely used long-standing method of controlling recurrent pleural effusions. (scirp.org)
Talc pleurodesis (pleural abrasion in the case of recurrent massive pleural effusion). (cun.es)

This study was conducted to determine the safety, efficacy, and feasibility of a rapid pleurodesis protocol by combining medical thoracoscopy with talc pleurodesis and simultaneous placement of a tunneled pleural catheter (TPC) in patients with symptomatic MPE. (nih.gov)
Rapid pleurodesis can be achieved safely by combining medical thoracoscopy and talc poudrage with simultaneous TPC placement. (nih.gov)
In cases with an established malignant diagnosis, medical thoracoscopy also has a therapeutic role in the form of pleurodesis. (medscape.com)
The effects of the procedure, called medical thoracoscopy with talc pleurodesis, are immediate and last a lifetime. (lungevity.org)
Minimally invasive, it can be used to perform pleurodesis, a procedure intended to stop pleural effusions by removing the open spaces where fluids can build up. (sleepdrs.com)

Idiopathic pleural effusions that have been sampled by thoracentesis are ideal for medical thoracoscopy. (medscape.com)
The benefits of medical thoracoscopy versus repeated thoracentesis should be carefully considered for the individual patient. (medscape.com)
Patients ≥18 years referred to Tygerberg Academic Hospital (Cape Town, South Africa) from February 2012 to September 2013 were candidates for this prospective observational study provided at least one prior thoracentesis confirmed an exudate, a diagnosis could not be ascertained and an effusion of ≥10 mm was confirmed on ultrasound. (bmj.com)
Thoracentesis revealed a non-malignant exudative effusion. (mesothelioma-line.com)
The management of known malignant pleural effusions focuses around the initial thoracentesis and subsequent objective and subjective findings. (stanford.edu)

A pleural effusion is usually drained by putting a tube into the chest. (macmillan.org.uk)
Malignant pleural effusion is a condition in which cancer causes an abnormal amount of fluid to collect between the thin layers of tissue (pleura) lining the outside of the lung and the wall of the chest cavity. (wikipedia.org)
A Chest radiograph is usually performed first and may demonstrate an underlying lung cancer as well as the pleural effusion. (wikipedia.org)
Anteroposterior upright chest radiograph shows a massive left-sided pleural effusion with contralateral mediastinal shift. (medscape.com)
Left lateral decubitus chest radiograph shows fluid layering on the left side, which is not a loculated effusion. (medscape.com)
Emergency physicians may rapidly perform ultrasonography of the chest to evaluate patients with suspected pleural effusion. (medscape.com)
A spiral chest CT scan should be obtained for most patients with pleural effusion when the condition's etiology cannot be readily determined or when complicated pleural effusion (eg, empyema, malignancy) is suspected. (medscape.com)
However, during this and other invasive procedures such as biopsies and thoracoscopies (examination of the inside of the chest), the cancer can spread along the tracts made by chest surgery and form skin nodules (growths). (survivingmesothelioma.com)
Researchers at Christie Hospital NHS Trust in Manchester, England wanted to determine the actual risk of cancer spread after interventions such as chest drains, biopsies, and thoracoscopies, and whether PIT is effective at reducing this risk. (survivingmesothelioma.com)
Chest computed tomography revealed multiple encapsulated pleural effusions, pneumatosis, and partial compressive atelectasis in the right lung. (bvsalud.org)
Because of discord between pathologists, we repeated the thoracoscopy through the existing chest tube/thoracoscopy site. (mesothelioma-line.com)
Advanced intrathoracic disease may present as nonspecific systemic findings (e.g., weakness, weight loss), hoarseness from laryngeal nerve involvement, dysphagia from esophageal involvement, chest pain from pleural or chest wall invasion, and dyspnea from pleural effusion. (syrianclinic.com)
Pleural effusion is a build-up of fluid between the two layers of the pleura, the thin tissue surrounding the lungs and chest cavity. (mesothelioma.net)
Pericardial effusion may cause similar symptoms, especially pain in the chest. (mesothelioma.net)
This procedure is generally performed in the setting of a large pleural effusion without any imaging other than chest radiography. (medscape.com)
Thoracoscopy is a minimally invasive endoscopic examination technique for examining the chest cavity. (primomedico.com)
Thoracoscopy is used for certain pleura diseases (thin skin covering the lungs and the chest wall from the inside) or lungs. (primomedico.com)
This includes, among others, pleural effusion, which is an accumulation of fluid between the lungs and the chest wall. (primomedico.com)
Thoracoscopy can also be informative in cases of unclear inflammatory disease in the chest. (primomedico.com)
Although a chest tube was inserted, her pleural effusion did not noticeably reduce even after fat-free nutrition therapy along with a central venous catheter. (or.jp)
Pleuroscopy, also known as thoracoscopy, is a medical procedure that uses a small camera (pleuroscope) to examine the pleural space, the area between the lung and the chest wall. (sleepdrs.com)
Our patient's respiratory status continued to deteriorate and a chest x-ray demonstrated a large right pleural effusion prompting general surgery consultation for chest tube placement. (asploro.com)
Non-contrast computed tomography (CT) of his chest demonstrated a persistent right-sided pleural effusion containing multi-loculated fluid collections with air-fluid levels around the thoracostomy tube. (asploro.com)
pleural fluid protein and LDH level, and the Since TB and malignancy are among the size of the effusion was determined on the most frequent causes of PE, in particular basis of chest radiographs [13]. (who.int)

Jacobaeus later developed a therapeutic application for thoracoscopy by using thermocautery to lyse adhesions and create a pneumothorax to treat tuberculosis . (medscape.com)
Thoracoscopy has a place in the diagnosis and treatment of other diseases, such as pneumothorax, palmary hyperhidrosis and empyema. (ersjournals.com)
It is used to diagnose and treat conditions such as pleural effusion, pneumothorax, and pleural tumors. (sleepdrs.com)

Thoracoscopy is particularly used for accumulating pus in the pleural space (pleural empyema), for example, caused by pneumonia or other infections. (primomedico.com)

It is important to understand that the etiology of pleural effusion remains unclear in nearly 20% of cases. (medscape.com)

In addition, there was a need to develop new sections on local anaesthetic thoracoscopy and thoracic ultrasound to reflect changes in clinical practice. (bmj.com)
Ultrasound can differentiate pleural effusion from lung collapse or pleural thickening. (hospitalprofessionalnews.ie)
These findings on ultrasound have a sensitivity and specificity of differentiating benign from malignant effusions of 79% and 100% respectively. (hospitalprofessionalnews.ie)

A massive effusion is often attributable to an underlying malignancy. (medscape.com)
a large, long-standing, right-sided pleural effusion and a 83-fold higher pleural thyroglobulin level compared to corresponding serum, supporting this malignancy as the cause of the patient's effusion. (biomedcentral.com)
Malignancy, cancers like mesothelioma, can also cause malignant pleural effusions. (mesothelioma.net)
Malignant pleural effusion can occur with a primary pleural malignancy, typically mesothelioma or more commonly as a metastatic manifestation of a non pleural primary malignancy. (hospitalprofessionalnews.ie)
Malignant pleural involvement should never be presumed and it is crucial to pathologically stage pleural effusions in the setting of malignancy. (hospitalprofessionalnews.ie)

A pleural effusion is a build-up of fluid between the 2 layers of the pleura (linings that cover the lungs). (macmillan.org.uk)
Many pleural fluid tests are useful in the differential diagnosis of exudative effusions. (nih.gov)
Jacobaeus was the first to use the term thoracoscopy, which he described as "replacing fluid with air" in order to examine the pleural surfaces of two patients with tuberculous pleurisy. (medscape.com)
Identification of pleural fluid biomarkers to distinguish malignant pleural effusions from other causes of exudative effusions would help diagnosis. (wikipedia.org)
A Cochrane review concluded tentatively in favour of thoracoscopy to remove the fluid and blow talc into the pleural cavity (talc poudrage) compared to other commonly used methods. (wikipedia.org)
Pleural fluid pH in malignant effusions. (wikipedia.org)
A pleural effusion is an abnormal collection of fluid in the pleural space resulting from excess fluid production or decreased absorption. (medscape.com)
AFB smear of pleural fluid obtained from video-assisted thoracoscopy showed 1-5 bacilli per high power field. (cdc.gov)
A balance between pleural fluid formation and reabsorption can be disrupted in numerous diseases, leading to accumulation pleural effusion, which is clinically manifested primarily as exertional or resting dyspnea. (medscimonit.com)
Verma et al, investigated whether the addition of a Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitor (TKI) against Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor (EGFR) in patients with a malignant pleural effusion is more successful in preventing pleural fluid re-accumulation following initial drainage. (cancer.org.au)
There was no significant difference in effusion-progression-free survival (p=0.31), and no difference in time to pleural fluid recurrence (p=0.59). (cancer.org.au)
Pleural effusions are accumulations of fluid within the pleural space. (msdmanuals.com)
Exudative effusions are caused by local processes that lead to increased capillary permeability, resulting in exudation of fluid, protein, cells, and other serum constituents. (msdmanuals.com)
Patients with mesothelioma often have fluid build-up in the space around the lungs (pleural effusion). (survivingmesothelioma.com)
Guidelines state that macroscopic examination of the fluid should be the first step in determining the aetiology of a pleural effusion. (biomedcentral.com)
We describe for the first time a distinctive brown colour of the malignant effusion (despite centrifugation) from a rare case of metastatic papillary thyroid cancer to the pleura, associated with a high pleural fluid iodine content. (biomedcentral.com)
A distinctive iodine-like brown colour of pleural fluid may represent elevated iodine content and should raise consideration of metastatic thyroid cancer as a cause for a pleural effusion. (biomedcentral.com)
Thoracoscopy is an old but still very valuable technique for the evaluation of pleural pathology and, especially for the further investigation of the aetiology of pleural fluid. (ersjournals.com)
Pathogen was identified by biphasic culture of pleural effusion fluid. (bvsalud.org)
Effusion refers to an unnatural buildup of fluid. (mesothelioma.net)
Pleural effusion is fluid buildup in the pleural cavity around the lungs. (mesothelioma.net)
Transudative pleural effusion occurs when pressure on organs and their blood vessels causes them to leak fluid into the pleural space. (mesothelioma.net)
The lung's effusion and condition can be assessed during a thoracoscopy, and the fluid can be removed during therapy and diagnostics. (primomedico.com)
The effusion is usually a transudate, however, due to a higher absorptive pleural capacity, the protein content of the pleural effusion is usually slightly higher than that of the ascitic fluid. (scirp.org)
About half of all patients accumulate fluid around the surface of the lungs, a condition known as malignant pleural effusion. (lungevity.org)
To figure out why, Antony compared lung fluid from 16 patients with malignant pleural effusions before and after doctors dusted their lungs with talc. (lungevity.org)
Medical Thoracoscopy is an investigative test when a patient has plural effusion - which is when excess fluid accumulates between the two pleural layers, the fluid-filled space that surrounds the lungs. (mse.nhs.uk)
The size of the effusion does not reliably predict a patients symptom burden as the fluid can accumulate gradually over time allowing the patient to compensate. (hospitalprofessionalnews.ie)

Single-port thoracoscopy is a safe and useful procedure for a variety of diagnostic and therapeutic indications. (sages.org)
Participant flow through the study according to image stratification and cumulative diagnostic yields for all diagnoses (All, n=100), malignant pleural effusions (MPE, n=58) and pleural tuberculosis (TB, n=36). (bmj.com)
In this review, we will discuss the diagnostic and therapeutic aspects of thoracoscopy in patients with pleural effusion. (ersjournals.com)
The diagnostic work-up of pleural effusion. (ersjournals.com)
Diagnosis of pleural effusion should lead to more diagnostic tests to find the cause. (mesothelioma.net)
The diagnostic evaluation of pleural effusions includes chemical and microbiological studies, as well as cytological analysis, which can provide further information about the etiological disease process. (medscape.com)
A thoracoscopy for diagnostic purposes only takes about 30-60 minutes under optimal conditions. (primomedico.com)

If the patient has a transudative effusion, therapy should be directed toward the underlying heart failure or cirrhosis. (nih.gov)
Transudative effusions are caused by some combination of increased hydrostatic pressure and decreased plasma oncotic pressure. (msdmanuals.com)
It refers to the abnormal accumulation of more than 500 milliliters of transudative pleural effusion in patients with liver cirrhosis where a cardiac and pulmonary cause of pleural effusion has been ruled out [1]. (scirp.org)

Sometimes you need other tests to confirm the diagnosis, and the cause of the effusion. (macmillan.org.uk)
however, if you have not been diagnosed with mesothelioma, your doctor will need to find the underlying cause of the effusion. (mesothelioma.net)

Medical thoracoscopy or pleuroscopy is a minimally invasive endoscopic procedure utilized by pulmonologists to evaluate, diagnose, and treat plueral pathologies of the lung, mainly pleural effusions. (medscape.com)
To avoid confusion, some authors suggest that medical thoracoscopy should be referred to as pleuroscopy . (medscape.com)

Management of Malignant Pleural Effusions" Encyclopedia , https://encyclopedia.pub/entry/16635 (accessed December 03, 2023). (encyclopedia.pub)

In the patient with known lung cancer and an effusion with a negative cytology, medical thoracoscopy is an excellent tool. (medscape.com)
Lung cancer and breast cancer account for about 50-65% of malignant pleural effusions. (wikipedia.org)
Lung cancer, breast cancer, and lymphoma contribute to the majority of these effusions, followed by gynecological malignancies and malignant mesothelioma [ 3 ] . (encyclopedia.pub)
The standard treatment for mesothelioma and lung cancer can also cause effusion. (mesothelioma.net)

Results: The sclerotherapy procedure was successful in 40 out of 56 cases (71.4%), and the success rate was 66.7% in massive effusion and reached 80% in moderate effusion. (scirp.org)

The first step in the evaluation of patients with pleural effusion is to determine whether the effusion is a transudate or an exudate. (nih.gov)
Laboratory evaluation of patients with a pleural effusion is directed at first determining if the effusion is an exudate or a transudate. (medscape.com)
Malignant pleural effusion (MPE) is the second most common cause of pleural exudate and affects 15% of all patients with cancer [ 1 ] . (encyclopedia.pub)
35 g·L −1 , the effusion is most likely an exudate [ 2 ]. (ersjournals.com)

Thoracoscopy may be used exclusively for the surgical video-assisted thoracoscopic procedure (VATS). (medscape.com)
Thoracoscopy is a minimally invasive operative procedure for the examination of the pleural cavity and its organs. (vin.com)
this year we will celebrate the Centennial of Thoracoscopy, as the first thoracoscopic procedure was performed by the Swedish internist H.C. Jacobaeus in 1910. (ersjournals.com)
this therapeutic procedure may be considered in certain circumstances for pleural effusions and pneumothoraxes. (primomedico.com)
Thoracoscopy is often performed under general anesthesia but can also be carried out under local anesthesia and analgesia (i.e., the patient is given sedatives and pain medication, which puts them sleep state during the procedure but allows independent breathing). (primomedico.com)
Treatment measures are also carried out during the thoracoscopy (inserting medication, taking samples, removing tissue) can take several hours, depending on the procedure. (primomedico.com)
The Food and Drug Administration approved talc for use in medical thoracoscopy in 2003, but UF is one of just a handful of U.S. institutions that perform the outpatient procedure on a routine basis. (lungevity.org)

Malignant pleural effusions are exudates. (wikipedia.org)

Her medical history was significant for a recent small pericardial effusion without cardiac dysfunction. (mesothelioma-line.com)
Peritoneal mesothelioma (cancer of the abdominal mesothelium) and pericardial mesothelioma (cancer of the mesothelium surrounding the heart) may also cause effusions in those areas. (mesothelioma.net)
Pleural effusion is much more common than pericardial or peritoneal effusion. (mesothelioma.net)

Other rare non-epithelial malignancies that may be encountered in effusion cytology include neuroblastoma, Wilms tumor, and metastatic brain tumors. (cytojournal.com)

Biomarkers that have been shown to be raised in malignant pleural effusions compared to benign disease include vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), endostatin, matrix metalloproteinases and tumour markers such as carcinoembryonic antigen. (wikipedia.org)
Pleural effusion may be malignant or benign. (mesothelioma.net)

During the 1950s and 1960s, thoracoscopy gained popularity with pulmonologists because of the tuberculosis endemic in the United States. (medscape.com)
However, with the advent of effective chemotherapy for tuberculosis, the need for thoracoscopy decreased. (medscape.com)

While most tumors metastatic to the serous membranes are of epithelial origin, cytologists should be aware that non-epithelial neoplasms can also cause malignant effusions including sarcomas, melanomas, germ cell tumors, and, more rarely, brain tumors. (cytojournal.com)
Common non-epithelial neoplasms that may cause malignant effusions include malignant melanoma, sarcomas, and other neoplasms including germ cell tumors [ Figure 1 ]. (cytojournal.com)
4 Malignant effusions caused by non-epithelial neoplasms are more frequently encountered in children than in adults. (cytojournal.com)
For those with para-malignant effusions radical, curative treatments may still be an option. (hospitalprofessionalnews.ie)

Medical thoracoscopy does not require the operating room setting and is performed on the spontaneously breathing patient with similar success rate to surgical thoracoscopy in the appropriately selected patients. (stanford.edu)

The most common cause of pleural effusion is congestive heart failure . (medlineplus.gov)
The underlying cause of pleural effusion could be a serious illness like mesothelioma or congestive heart failure. (mesothelioma.net)

In addition, patients who do require further treatment can be excluded from certain chemotherapeutics because of chemotherapeutic tendency to distribute into the pleural effusion and affect serum levels. (medscape.com)
Malignant pleural effusion (MPE) is a common problem for patients with metastatic cancer. (cancer.org.au)
For patients with mesothelioma, effusion is an earlier sign that occurs less often as the cancer progresses. (mesothelioma.net)
Doctors have noticed that patients who undergo medical thoracoscopy with talcum powder live up to 18 months longer than expected. (lungevity.org)
Patients having a Medical Thoracoscopy are sedated and have a local anaesthetic. (mse.nhs.uk)
4 For small effusions, or patients who are liable to move post marking, intervention can be performed under real time ultrasonography. (hospitalprofessionalnews.ie)
Unfortunately, many of the patients who we see with malignant pleural effusion have late-stage cancer which is either very hard or impossible to treat," said Dr. Bhatnagar, explaining why the study didn't see a difference in mortality. (medscape.com)
Large pleural effusions were cal and radiological findings of TB were found in 24% of patients, moderate in 58%, also available. (who.int)

The randomised thoracoscopic talc poudrage+indwelling pleural catheters versus thoracoscopic talc poudrage only in malignant pleural effusion trial (TACTIC): study protocol for a randomised controlled trial. (uclan.ac.uk)
NEW YORK (Reuters Health) - Infusing a solution that includes talc into the pleural space makes breathing easier for people with malignant pleural effusion being treated with an indwelling pleural catheter (IPC), a new randomized controlled trial shows. (medscape.com)

The differential diagnosis of a malignant effusion is accordingly broad, especially for the small round blue cell tumors that includes not only mesenchymal tumors, but also non-mesenchymal tumors, such as neuroblastoma and Wilms tumor. (cytojournal.com)

A 71-year-old Caucasian man diagnosed with metastatic papillary thyroid cancer was referred to the Pleural Clinic for management of a large right-sided effusion. (biomedcentral.com)

Other tests helpful for diagnosis include helical computed tomography and thoracoscopy. (nih.gov)

In the past, it has been stated that a malignant pleural effusion can also occur as a transudate [ 7 ]. (ersjournals.com)

Chylous effusion (chylothorax) is a milky white effusion high in triglycerides caused by traumatic or neoplastic (most often lymphomatous) damage to the thoracic duct. (msdmanuals.com)

Thoracoscopy grew into the video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery that is currently performed by thoracic surgeons. (medscape.com)
Single-port video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery (sVATS) is an alternative to conventional three-port thoracoscopy. (sages.org)

Pleural effusion is common in clinical practice and can be caused by over 60 pulmonary or systemic disorders. (biomedcentral.com)

Some asbestos-related pleural diseases that can be diagnosed or treated by aspiration include pleural effusion. (attorneyatlaw.com)

Clinical factors predicting the diagnosis of malignant pleural effusions are symptoms lasting more than 1 month and the absence of fever. (wikipedia.org)
Median survival from diagnosis of Malignant pleural effusion ranges from 3-12 months depending on the tumour type. (hospitalprofessionalnews.ie)

Mostly this is a right sided effusion, which could be bilateral, and rarely it is isolated left sided effusion. (scirp.org)

The term thoracoscopy creates confusion because it refers to both the medical and surgical procedures. (medscape.com)
Medical thoracoscopy was initially performed in 1910 by an internist from Sweden named Hans-Christian Jacobaeus. (medscape.com)
Medical thoracoscopy was performed to fully drain the pleural effusion. (bvsalud.org)
Medical thoracoscopy was recommended to remove the pleural effusion and spoilage when thoracic drainage is difficult. (bvsalud.org)
This case demonstrates the utility and nuances of medical thoracoscopy in a perplexing case of xanthomatous pleuritis. (mesothelioma-line.com)
[3] Whether or not a pleural effusion is a serious medical concern depends on the underlying cause. (mesothelioma.net)
Are you looking for an experienced specialist in the medical field of thoracoscopy? (primomedico.com)

Diagnosing non-epithelial malignancies in effusion specimens based entirely upon their cytomorphologic features is difficult because these neoplasms often exhibit considerable morphological overlap and their cytomorphology can differ from the original tumor. (cytojournal.com)
Pleural effusion is a common and debilitating complication of various malignancies. (medscimonit.com)
Malignant pleural effusions are a common clinical problem, and a wide variety of malignancies can metastasise to the pleura. (biomedcentral.com)

DIAGNOSES: Metagenome next generation sequencing of pleural effusion was positive for A odontolyticus. (bvsalud.org)

Anatomy3

Diseases29

Chemicals and Drugs1

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment22

Information Science1

Health Care2

Biopsy8

Causes of pleural effusion2

Left pleural effusion3

Recurrent5

Pleurodesis5

Thoracentesis5

Chest24

Pneumothorax3

Empyema1

Etiology of Pleural Effusion1

Ultrasound3

Malignancy5

Fluid28

Diagnostic7

Transudative3

Cause of the effusion2

Pleuroscopy2

20231

Lung cancer4

Massive effusion1

Exudate4

Procedure7

Exudates1

Pericardial3

Cytology1

Benign2

Tuberculosis2

Malignant effusions4

Surgical thoracoscopy1

Congestive heart f2

Patients8

Talc2

Differential diagnosis1

Metastatic1

Tomography1

Transudate1

Thoracic duct1

Video-assisted2

Pulmonary1

Include pleural1

Diagnosis of malignant2

Right-sided1

Medical7

Malignancies3

Diagnoses1