Rho GTPase effectors are a large group of proteins and include actin nucleation promoting molecules, adaptors, as well as kinases. (biomedcentral.com)
In contrast to budding yeast, WASP-mediated actin nucleation activity plays an essential role in fission yeast endocytosis. (biorxiv.org)
Major microtubule3
Centrosomes are the major microtubule organizing centers (MTOC) in mammalian cells. (wikipedia.org)
Centrosomes are the major microtubule organizing structures in vertebrate cells. (biomedcentral.com)
In animal cells, centrosomes represent the major microtubule-organizing structures (MTOC). (biomedcentral.com)
Proteins4
Here, the authors demonstrate that two ER membrane proteins, RTN3 and RTN4, are hijacked by SARS-CoV-2 to help promote the formation of virally induced double-membrane vesicles that are critical for efficient viral genome replication. (silverchair.com)
The experiments also found that oMAP4 can create links between different microtubules and act as a brake to prevent the filaments being moved excessively by motor proteins. (elifesciences.org)
The PCM is an ordered lattice that anchors a large number of microtubule (MT)-associated proteins, many of which bear putative coiled-coil domains, a tertiary structure known to facilitate protein-protein interactions [ 4 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Spindle formation2
TPX2/ Aurora A binding is stimulated by the little GTPase Ran, which in turn is activated by RCC1, an exchange factor that is found on condensed chromatin and is involved with microtubule nucleation and spindle formation. (others-signal.com)
The augmin complex plays a role in microtubule attachment to the kinetochore and central spindle formation. (nih.gov)
Genomic Regulation1
Researchers at the Centre for Genomic Regulation in Barcelona find evidence that specialized secretory cells found in these unique and ancient creatures may have given rise to neurons in more complex animals. (sciforums.com)
For the experimentally measured parameters, the model reproduces the measured capture kinetics and shows that the paired configuration of kinetochores accelerates capture, whereas microtubule pivoting and dynamics have a smaller contribution. (nature.com)
Dynamics and regulation of clathrin coats at specialized endocytic zones of dendrites and spines. (sdbonline.org)
Since the centrosome organizes the microtubules of a cell, it has to do with the formation of the mitotic spindle, polarity and, therefore, cell shape, as well as all other processes having to do with the mitotic spindle. (wikipedia.org)
Cell cycle regulation of centrosome duplication Centrosomes are only supposed to replicate once in each cell cycle and are therefore highly regulated. (wikipedia.org)
In addition HIV-1 Vpr protein alters the cell-cycle regulation by hijacking centrosome functions. (biomedcentral.com)
The centrioles contain nine microtubule triplets and mature into a centrosome that is referred to as a basal body in the context of ciliogenesis [ 22 , 23 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Dynein3
Most notably, oMAP4 is required for paraxial microtubule organisation in muscle cells and prevents dynein- and kinesin-driven microtubule-microtubule sliding. (elifesciences.org)
We propose a model in which the cooperation of dynein-mediated microtubule transport and oMAP4-mediated zippering of microtubules drives formation of a paraxial microtubule array that provides critical support for the polarisation and elongation of myotubes. (elifesciences.org)
Dynein is required for polarized dendritic transport and uniform microtubule orientation in axons. (sdbonline.org)
Kinetochore2
The mechanisms that facilitate kinetochore capture by microtubules are still unclear. (nature.com)
Augmin accumulation on long-lived microtubules drives amplification and kinetochore-directed growth. (nih.gov)
We show that kinetochores on homologous chromosomes move together, microtubules are dynamic and pivot around the spindle pole, and the average capture time is 3-4 minutes. (nature.com)
In order to distribute the genetic material equally, the cell forms a spindle, a precise micro-machine made of microtubules (MTs) to which all chromosomes have to be correctly targeted. (nature.com)
Genome regulation encompasses all facets of gene expression, from the biochemical modifications of DNA, to the physical arrangement of chromosomes and the activity of the transcription machinery. (mechanobio.info)
Mitotic3
Anti-mitotic drugs received considerable attention, especially following the early identification of the anti-cancer properties of microtubules-targeting agents, such as vinca alkaloids [ 15 ] and taxanes [ 16 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
FAM29A promotes microtubule amplification via recruitment of the NEDD1-gamma-tubulin complex to the mitotic spindle. (nih.gov)
The microtubule-associated protein EML3 regulates mitotic spindle assembly by recruiting the Augmin complex to spindle microtubules. (nih.gov)
Molecules1
PI3K class I, which is essential in the regulation of cell survival, metabolism, apoptosis and cell cycle of the heterodimeric class I molecules of a catalyst composition PI3Ks regulatory subunit and are classified in class IA or IB PI3K class. (microrna1.com)
Occurs2
First, phagophore formation requires cytoplasmic vesicle nucleation, which occurs when the ATG1/ULK1 complex, which is comprised of ULK1, FIP200, ATG13, and ATG101, interacts with the Class III PI3K complex. (hindawi.com)
It also undergoes specific processes in each step of cell division due to the heavy regulation, which is why the process is so efficient. (wikipedia.org)
In addition, these drugs are known to induce serious side effects due to inhibition of mitosis in other proliferating cells (mainly bone marrow and gut) as well as inhibition of other microtubules-dependent functions, such as neuronal processes [ 18 , 19 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Therefore, the next challenge is to understand how other processes-such as the selective stabilisation of some microtubules and the movement of cell materials along the microtubules-cooperate to control muscle fibre formation. (elifesciences.org)
Cytokinesis1
The GAP activity of Tum is required for cytokinesis: in its absence cytokinesis fails early even though Tum is present on microtubules at the cell equator where the furrow should form. (biologists.com)
Apoptosis1
To prevent these detrimental consequences, eukaryotic cells have evolved an elaborate and complex system, so called DNA damage response (DDR) comprising of DNA DSB repair, cell cycle arrest, apoptosis, and transcriptional regulation ( Jackson and Bartek, 2009 ). (molcells.org)
Crucial1
In this study, we identify a previously uncharacterised isoform of microtubule-associated protein MAP4, oMAP4, as a microtubule organising factor that is crucial for myogenesis. (elifesciences.org)
Molecular2
A molecular understanding of membrane traffic has broad implications for our understanding of growth control in cancer, receptor trafficking errors in heart disease, regulation of insulin secretion in diabetes and synaptic vesicle biogenesis and transport in neurological disorders. (stanford.edu)
Molecular regulation of the autophagic process in normal and starvation conditions is presented. (hindawi.com)
Precise1
The precise regulations of pre-RC protein levels and assembly are effective ways to prevent reassembly of de novo MCM2-7 onto the replicated origins to re-license and re-replicate the genomic DNA in the subsequent phases of the same cell cycle ( Figure 1) . (intechopen.com)
Cells4
These data support a model in which Tum/RacGAP, via its interaction with Pbl, provides a critical link between the anaphase microtubule spindle and cytokinetic furrow formation in Drosophila cells. (biologists.com)
The class II PI3K isoform PI3K-C2β was downregulated in prostate cancer PC3 cells and cervical cancer HeLa cells using selective siRNAs and the effect on cell growth was determined in the absence or presence of the microtubule-stabilizing agent/anti-cancer drug docetaxel. (biomedcentral.com)
The microtubules in cells that make smaller amounts of this protein were more disorganised, and these cells were unable to fuse with each other to form muscle cells. (elifesciences.org)
The functional importance of PP4 in cells is evident by the need of tight regulation of its activity required to maintain cell health. (molcells.org)
Formation3
Although the positioning signal is likely to be transmitted via the anaphase microtubule array to the cell cortex, exactly how the microtubule array determines the site of contractile ring formation remains unresolved. (biologists.com)
The microtubule cytoskeleton is critical for muscle cell differentiation and undergoes reorganisation into an array of paraxial microtubules, which serves as template for contractile sarcomere formation. (elifesciences.org)
used microscopy to observe the formation of the microtubule filaments in living myoblasts. (elifesciences.org)
In this chapter, we mainly discuss the coordination regulations between DNA replication initiation and other cell cycle events that ensure genomic integrity. (intechopen.com)
Dynamic1
Purified oMAP4 aligns dynamic microtubules into antiparallel bundles that withstand motor forces in vitro. (elifesciences.org)
Functions1
Due to the significance of impaired autophagy in these diseases, there is increased interest in studying pathways and targets involved in maintaining efficient autophagic functions as potential therapeutic targets. (hindawi.com)
Data2
The increasing availability of multidimensional phenotypic data in large cohorts of genotyped individuals requires efficient methods to identify genetic effects on multiple traits. (upf.edu)
At this level the action potentials for electric and chemical responses (comfort, discomfort) are generated and action potentials are a result of the microtubule data processing system. (sciforums.com)
Role2
combine live imaging of the mouse epidermis and machine learning to study the role and regulation of calcium signaling within the stem cell layer. (silverchair.com)
This protein may have a role in efficient chromosome congression and segregation by promoting microtubule-dependent microtubule amplification. (nih.gov)
Support1
Yet it also is a powerful argument in support of the notion that there is no better candidate than microtubules as the place of origin of consciousness. (sciforums.com)
Evidence1
Disruption of the Pebble-interacting domain leaves Tum localised to the cell equator on cortically associated microtubules, again with no evidence of furrowing. (biologists.com)
Growth1
K can From a variety of extracellular Ren stimuli Ren Ren signals such as growth factors, ligands for G-protein-coupled receptors, cytokines, and vitamin D3, the p85 subunit of regulation at the plasma membrane, such as catalytic subunit recruit p110 PI P2 4 5 PI converts 3.4, 5 P3. (microrna1.com)
Responsible1
Three Cdk2 substrates have been proposed to be responsible for regulation of centriole duplication: nucleophosmin (NPM/B23), CP110, and MPS1. (wikipedia.org)
Enable1
These assemblies are widely used in biology as they enable multivalent binding, ultra-sensitive regulation, and compartmentalization. (springeropen.com)