• For their high efficacy, safety and stability, artemisinins such as artemether and artesunate became the drugs of choice in treating falciparum malaria. (wikipedia.org)
  • Varying efficacy of artesunate+amodiaquine and artesunate+sulphadoxine-pyrimethamine for the treatment of uncomplicated falciparum malaria in the Democratic Republic of Congo: a report of two in-vivo studies. (tropmedres.ac)
  • DRC changed its anti-malarial treatment policy to amodiaquine (AQ) and artesunate (AS) in 2005.MethodsThe results of two in vivo efficacy studies, which tested AQ and sulphadoxine-pyrimethamine (SP) monotherapies and AS+SP and AS+AQ combinations in Boende (Equatorial province), and AS+SP, AS+AQ and SP in Kabalo (Katanga province), between 2003 and 2004 are presented. (tropmedres.ac)
  • Efficacy of artesunate plus amodiaquine versus that of artemether-lumefantrine for the treatment of uncomplicated childhood Plasmodium falciparum malaria in Zanzibar, Tanzania. (ox.ac.uk)
  • BACKGROUND: This is the first clinical trial comparing the efficacy of artesunate plus amodiaquine (ASAQ) and artemether-lumefantrine (AL)--the major artemisinin-based combination therapy (ACT) candidates for treatment of malaria in Africa--that involved an extended, 42-day follow-up period, polymerase chain reaction-adjusted parasitological cure rates (PCR APCRs), and systematic analyses of genetic markers related to quinoline resistance. (ox.ac.uk)
  • In combination, artesunate-pyronaridine is particularly appealing as anti-malarial therapy as it combines the advantages of high efficacy, highly favourable tolerability and safety, low cost, long shelf life, once daily dosing, absence of clinically relevant food effect, and availability of paediatric drug formulations. (samrc.ac.za)
  • We report in vitro efficacy of Artemisia annua extracts as well as artemisinin, artesunate, and artemether against SARS-CoV-2. (siyah-organics.com)
  • We investigated the efficacy, safety, and tolerability of 2 combinations of artesunate with sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine (SP) in a mesoendemic region in Uganda with SP resistance, from September 1999 to June 2000. (ox.ac.uk)
  • P. falciparum resistance mutations have resulted in waning efficacy in multiple antimalarial classes including artemisinins, quinolines, and antifolates ( 3 ). (cdc.gov)
  • We aimed to identify the prevalence of several resistance markers, including genes that confer resistance to chloroquine, mefloquine, atovaquone/proguanil, and artemisinins, and to quantify the copy number of multidrug resistance genes ( pfmdr1 ) in P. falciparum isolates from malaria cases imported to Ontario, Canada, over a 10-year period. (cdc.gov)
  • The key challenges in the region's fight against malaria emerging resistance to artemisinins, which are central to the efficacy of antimalarial treatment with artemisinin‐based combination therapies. (asiasentinel.com)
  • WHO has therefore called for continuous monitoring of the efficacy of recently implemented ACTs, and countries are being assisted in strengthening their drug resistance surveillance systems. (allcountries.org)
  • Based on growth inhibition and ring survival assays, no cross-resistance was observed between artemisinins and SC83288, using parasite lines that were resistant to either one of these drugs. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The results obtained in this study are consistent with artemisinins and SC83288 having distinct modes of action and different mechanisms of resistance. (biomedcentral.com)
  • This study further supports efforts to continue the clinical development of SC83288 against severe malaria as an alternative to artemisinins in areas critically affected by artemisinin-resistance. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The poor efficacy of AS+AQ in Boende should alert the national programme to foci of resistance and emphasizes the need for systems for the prospective monitoring of treatment efficacy at sentinel sites in the country. (tropmedres.ac)
  • In vitro test of P. falciparum susceptibility to antimalarial drugs is one of the vital tools that can be made use of to monitor the efficacy of anti-malarial drugs, as outcomes of parasite responses to drugs may possibly show early trends in alterations to susceptibility towards the tested drugsand may possibly serve as an early warning method of resistance improvement inside the parasite population [9]. (hivinhibitor.com)
  • Even though in vivo drug efficacy research remain the `gold standard' for assessment of anti-malarial drug resistance, its use is limited because it is prohibitively pricey [10]. (hivinhibitor.com)
  • Artemisinin resistance is characterised clinically by an increase in the time taken for patients to clear parasitemia in therapeutic efficacy studies [3]. (nature.com)
  • Utilising samples collected from nearly one thousand participants of a multinational clinical efficacy study of artemisinin across eleven South East Asian study sites, we probed the function of antimalarial IgG antibody responses to determine to what extent they impact phenotypic measures used in the surveillance of emerging artemisinin resistance. (nature.com)
  • These findings provide novel insight into the current understanding of the role of functional antibody mechanisms in the phenotype of artemisinin resistance, and to parasite clearance and antimalarial treatment efficacy more broadly. (nature.com)
  • The recent emergence of resistance to artemisinins and partner drugs in P. falciparum has raised both regional and global concerns, and elimination efforts are invariably prioritized against this parasite to avert spread. (intechopen.com)
  • Publication from the World Health Organization - WHO that brings information on antimalarial drug efficacy and drug resistance, challenges to monitoring drug efficacy and other subjects related to the. (bvsalud.org)
  • In eastern Africa, malaria parasites have developed resistance to artemisinins, the backbone of current treatment regimens, a development that could dramatically worsen malaria's impact if partner drugs fail in the future. (oullins-patriote.com)
  • Resistance to artemisinins first emerged in Southeast Asia in 2009, followed soon after by resistance to partner drugs. (oullins-patriote.com)
  • In low transmission settings where therapeutic efficacy studies are often not feasible, routine surveillance for molecular markers associated with anti-malarial resistance provides an alternative for the early detection of emerging resistance. (tropmedres.ac)
  • The S769N mutation is located close to the hinge of the headpiece, which in other species modulates calcium affinity and in consequence efficacy of inhibitors, possibly linking calcium homeostasis to drug resistance. (hal.science)
  • Central and western Africa have high malaria burdens, but we don't know what's happening there and need more genetic surveillance and therapeutic efficacy studies. (oullins-patriote.com)
  • The increase in mdr86N and crt76K allele prevalence together with intense regional artemether-lumefantrine drug pressure, raises concern regarding the sustained artemether-lumefantrine efficacy. (tropmedres.ac)
  • Day 7 blood or plasma lumefantrine concentrations provide a simple measure of drug exposure that correlates well with artemether-lumefantrine efficacy. (ox.ac.uk)
  • [ 3 ] Clinical trials are currently under way on the safety, tolerability, and efficacy of transplanting such cells in encapsulated forms in persons with type 1 diabetes, with results to be announced in the coming years. (medscape.com)
  • Together with the low expense involved in carrying out the assay as well as the rapidity with which it may be conducted, the in vitro drug sensitivity test has develop into a powerful decision for assessing anti-malarial drug efficacy in disease-endemic regions. (hivinhibitor.com)
  • 2010). Efficacy of chloroquine, Sulphadoxine-Pyrimethamine (SP),amodiaquine and quinine diminished after reported cases of emerging drugresistant parasites (Trampuz et al. (relatewithkatypark.com)
  • Reports from drug efficacy study carried out inside the nation offered strong evidence of the existence of P. falciparum isolates that had been resistant to chloroquine [7]. (hivinhibitor.com)
  • This article reviews the implications of combination therapy on the pharmacokinetics and hence clinical efficacy of Artemisinins using relevant and published papers. (ijpsr.com)
  • The trematocidal properties of tribendimidine and peroxidic drugs (e.g. artemisinins and synthetic trioxolanes) have been characterized, including in-vitro and in-vivo studies, elucidating structure-activity relationships and pharmacokinetics and their efficacies have been evaluated in large animal models. (qxmd.com)
  • 0. The pharmacokinetics of compounds just after oral admin istration was established concurrently from the same mice utilized for the therapeutic efficacy assay. (faksignaling.com)
  • It was 19.6% [95% CI: 11.4-32.7] for SP monotherapy.ConclusionThe finding of varying efficacy of the same combinations at two sites in one country highlights one difficulty of implementing a uniform national treatment policy in a large country. (tropmedres.ac)
  • Lopez and Quaranta developed trusted synergy metrics and a special formula called MuSyC- named in homage to Vanderbilt's home in the heart of Songs City- to streamline the evaluation that figures out the efficacy and effectiveness of certain medicine combinations against cancer cells and other diseases. (chameleonwebsitedesign.com)
  • The one for investigating traditional Chinese medicine discovered and led to the development of a class of new antimalarial drugs called artemisinins. (wikipedia.org)
  • This chapter describes antimalarial drugs currently in use, with an emphasis on the artemisinins. (nationalacademies.org)
  • Partnered with other drugs as artemisinin-based combination therapy (ACT), artemisinins have formed the backbone of malaria treatment and control since 2006 [ 2 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Gains achieved in reducing the burden of malaria and advancing its elimination are now threatened by malaria parasites becoming resistant to the main group of drugs used to treat malaria, the artemisinins. (wwarn.org)
  • in western Cambodia, manifested as delayed parasite clearance, is a big threat to the long-term efficacy of this family of antimalarial drugs. (2medicalcare.com)
  • This risk is compounded by the fact that artemisinins are used alone to treat severe malaria, where drugs have to be delivered intravenously. (oullins-patriote.com)
  • The investigators showed that a class of antimalarial drugs known as artemisinins, typified by the FDA-approved drug artemether , were capable of inhibiting ARX levels, reducing glucagon, and increasing insulin in an in vitro alpha-cell model. (medscape.com)
  • We analysed primary outcomes in line with the WHO 'Protocol for assessing and monitoring antimalarial drug efficacy' and compared drugs using risk ratios (RR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI). (ox.ac.uk)
  • We confirmed the P. falciparum specimens from the biobank as monoinfections using multiplex real-time quantitative PCR (qPCR) ( 1 , 6 , 7 ) after clinical testing, which included Giemsa-stained thick and thin blood film examination by certified medical lab technologists and rapid diagnostic test using the Abbott BinaxNOW malaria kit (https://www.globalpointofcare.abbott/en/index.html). (cdc.gov)
  • Remdesivir, the only antiviral drug with proven in vitro and clinical efficacy, was approved for treatment of COVID-19. (siyah-organics.com)
  • We have compared the efficacy of artemether versus quinine as treatment for cerebral malaria in children in an open randomized clinical trial in Kenya. (ox.ac.uk)
  • is known to contribute to the efficacy of antimalarial treatments through additional parasite clearance, particularly antimalarial IgG responses [4]. (nature.com)
  • Detailed understanding of the effects of antibody functions that contribute to parasite clearance facilitates accurate estimation of within host parasite dynamics and the continued monitoring of the therapeutic efficacy of artemisinin treatments. (nature.com)
  • In order to preserve the efficacy of artemisinins as an essential component of life-saving ACTs, WHO has called for a ban on the use of oral artemisinin monotherapies, at various levels, including manufacturers, international drug suppliers, national health authorities and international aid and funding agencies involved in the funding of essential antimalarial medicines. (allcountries.org)
  • However, the efficacy of ACTs as bi-therapy declined in the past decade in the Greater Mekong Region of South East Asia (SEA). (samrc.ac.za)
  • Presently, there are no replacements for the artemisinins, and current reliance on ACTs is great with hundreds of millions of courses procured annually. (nature.com)
  • the main metric currently used to assess the efficacy of artemisinin treatment and the emergence of reduced susceptibility to the drug. (nature.com)
  • However, artemisinin-resistant parasites are able, in the presence of artemisinins, to stop their cell cycles. (bvsalud.org)
  • In this study, the antiplasmodial activity of SC83288 against artemisinins was profiled in order to assess its potential to replace, or be combined with, artemisinin derivatives. (biomedcentral.com)
  • review results of antimalarial drug efficacy studies and discuss about progress of PIAM- net establishment. (who.int)
  • Regular drug efficacy monitoring is essential for ensuring effective treatment policies. (tropmedres.ac)
  • Protecting the efficacy of current first-line malaria treatments is now a top public health priority. (wwarn.org)
  • However in 2003 it was disclosed that £1.3m had funded 8 research projects, at the Universities of Leeds, Southampton, Bristol, Brunel, Sheffield and York, but none of these were directly testing the safety, efficacy or value-for- money of the main CAM therapies. (dcscience.net)
  • The methodology followed the WHO 2003 protocol for assessing the efficacy of anti-malarials in areas of high transmission.ResultsOut of 394 included patients in Boende, the failure rates on day 28 after PCR-genotyping adjustment of AS+SP and AS+AQ were estimated as 24.6% [95% CI: 16.6-35.5] and 15.1% [95% CI: 8.6-25.7], respectively. (tropmedres.ac)
  • 1] I noted that these Universities did not have as good a record of research into the efficacy of CAM as Exeter, which had applied but failed to get funding. (dcscience.net)