Efferent auditory pathway. Medical search. Frequent questions

Efferent for adenohypophysis (anterior pituitary): Neurons of tuberal nucleus of hypothalamus send axons to infundibulum of pituitary gland. (kypho.com)
Similarities of the definitive response map features with those of projection neurons in the auditory brain stem have led to the proposal that the ICC response types are derived from different sources of ascending input that remain functionally segregated within the midbrain. (johnshopkins.edu)
All auditory information is transduced by only 15,000 hair cells (organ of Corti), of which the so-called inner hair cells, numbering 3,500, are critically important, since they form synapses with approximately 90% of the 30,000 primary auditory neurons (figure 2). (cloudaccess.net)

The auditory system involves highly complicated inner ear structures, many afferent and efferent nerve pathways and a great amount of nuclei that form a complex meshwork. (hear4uaudiology.com)
Sympathetic ganglia comprises the thousands of afferent and efferent nerve cell bodies that run along either side of the spinal cord, connecting major organ systems, such as the renal system, to the spinal cord and brain. (nih.gov)

Neuroplasticity allows the brain to grow and change, especially in the auditory and motor cortex. (wikipedia.org)
It is believed by researchers that beat deafness stems from a connection problem between the brain's auditory cortex and inferior frontal lobe. (wikipedia.org)
The ascending pathway transmits impulses from the spiral organ (of Corti) to the cerebral cortex (see the following image). (medscape.com)
As sound travels along an afferent pathway from the cochlea to the auditory cortex, the signals are constantly being tuned by "downward" influences. (finetuned.org)
Those influences travel along an efferent network whose paths originate not only in the auditory cortex (darkest shading) but also in nonauditory areas such as the limbic system and cognitive centers of memory and attention. (finetuned.org)
Perception begins with the sense organs (skin, eyes, ears, nose, tongue) and travels in peripheral nerves (including cranial nerves for the structures of the head), ultimately transmitting information to the sensory cortices of the cerebral hemispheres (e.g., somatosensory cortex, visual cortex, auditory cortex). (mhmedical.com)
Motor output is controlled by the motor cortex, whose signals travel by way of the motor pathways to ultimately reach the peripheral nerves that will command muscles to move (see Ch. 4 ). (mhmedical.com)
In this study, the effect of auditory selective attention on stimulus-frequency otoacoustic emissions (SFOAE) was analyzed to investigate the modification of peripheral auditory system by auditory cortex activity in frequency specific mode. (ac.ir)
In fact, these results provided evidence for influence of auditory cortex on the peripheral auditory system via corticofugal pathways in a frequency specific way. (ac.ir)
The topography of this image is maintained as the visual information travels through the visual pathway to the cortex. (usk.ac.id)
In addition, it receives input from the basal nuclei, the hypothalamus, the cerebellum, the visual and auditory systems, and most areas of the cerebral cortex. (blogspot.com)

Those diagnosed with autism tend to have many difficulties processing auditory stimuli. (wikipedia.org)
The cortical processing of sensory, visual, auditory stimuli or fantasies may trigger an erection. (urology-textbook.com)
The Auditory Brainstem Response (ABR) was recorded monaurally for click stimuli from both ears. (qxmd.com)

Efferent to neurohypophysis (posterior pituitary): Axons of supraoptic and paraventricular nuclei of hypothalamus extend upto posterior pituitary (neurohypophysis). (kypho.com)
Wilhelm His Sr. (18311904) combined, in an unprecedented way, (taste bud afferents of cranial nerves VII, IX, X to the solitary tract) and dorsolateral otic placode-derived afferents provide the sole sensory input to the special somatic column consisting of the vestibular/auditory nuclei. (spagades.com)
Localizing sound in the horizontal plane is achieved by processing in the medullary nuclei of the auditory system. (usk.ac.id)
The various afferent and efferent connections these nuclei make with the rest of the nervous system are schematically illustrated in Fig-4. (blogspot.com)

The peripheral segments of the cochlear and vestibular nerves join at the lateral part of the internal auditory canal (IAC) to form the vestibulocochlear nerve. (medscape.com)
The longer central fibers, also called the primary auditory fibers, form the cochlear nerve, and the shorter, peripheral fibers extend to the bases of the inner and outer hair cells. (medscape.com)
While the function of the lateral efferent system in the cochlea is still unknown, previous studies have identified both excitatory and inhibitory changes in sound-evoked and spontaneous cochlear responses attributable to the lateral efferent system. (edu.au)
But it has been proved experimentally that sound stimulating cochlear pathway stimulates activity of hypothalamus. (kypho.com)

OAEs cannot be used to fully describe an individual's auditory thresholds, but they can help to question or validate other threshold measures (eg, in suspected functional [feigned] hearing loss), or they can provide information about the site of the lesion. (medscape.com)
Genomic markers close to the human S1PR2 gene were significantly associated with auditory thresholds in the 1958 British Birth Cohort (n? (omicsdi.org)

They affect all hubs of auditory processing down to the cochlea, including structures in the auditory midbrain - the primary source of the scalp-recorded complex auditory brainstem response (cABR). (finetuned.org)
Midbrain contains two major parts, the dorsal tectum mesencephali and the ventral tegmentum mesencephali, housing components of auditory, visual, and other sensorimotor systems. (lecturio.com)

Pure-tone (PT) audiometry measures throughout the outer ear, middle ear, cochlea, cranial nerve (CN) VIII, and central auditory system. (medscape.com)
Afferent signals pass via the pudendal nerve to the sacral erection center, and efferent signals reach via the inferior hypogastric plexus the erectile tissue. (urology-textbook.com)
sound is transformed by the inner ear apparatus and transmitted to the brain via the auditory nerves (cranial nerve 8). (mhmedical.com)

Painful effects of auditory startle, forehead cooling and psychological stress in patients with fibromyalgia or rheumatoid arthritis. (wildapricot.org)

Until recently, people assumed that passively evoked ABRs (Auditory Brainstem Responses) reflected one-way processing-that of the afferent, ear-to-brain path. (finetuned.org)
Developed for graduate-level audiology students, this comprehensive text aims to build a fundamental understanding of auditory evoked brainstem responses (ABR), and their relationship to normal and impaired auditory function, as well as its various audiologic and neurootologic applications. (vinci.be)
In addition to covering the classical onset ABR, the book provides a thorough review of sustained brainstem responses elicited by complex sounds, including auditory steady state response (ASSR), envelope following response (EFR), and frequency following response (FFR), and the growing clinical and research applications of these responses. (vinci.be)

Additional evidence for the existence of these hypothesized parallel processing pathways has been obtained in our previous investigations of the effects of interaural level differences, brain stem lesions, and pharmacological manipulations on physiologically classified units. (johnshopkins.edu)

These primary auditory fibers exit the modiolus through the internal meatus and enter the medulla oblongata. (medscape.com)

Here, we show that the Kv2 family members Kv2.1 and Kv2.2 are expressed in distinct cortical layers and pyramidal cell types associated with specific corticostriatal pathways. (jneurosci.org)
Before a sexual stimulus that acts at the cortical level (psychogenic, visual, auditory, olfactory, evocative, fantasies) and / or tactile (reflex erection as a result of a direct stimulus on the genital area), the release of neurotransmitters occurs, of which nitric oxide is the most important, which determines the relaxation of the smooth muscles of the arteries and cavernous sinusoids with the consequent development of an erection. (semiologiaclinica.com)

The literature has already demonstrated that auditory stimulation with music influences the cardiovascular system. (bvsalud.org)
Decerebration allows single-unit responses in the central nucleus of the inferior colliculus (ICC) to be studied in the absence of anesthesia and descending efferent influences. (johnshopkins.edu)

The auditory condition was verified by visual examination of the external ear canal, pure tone audiometry, and tympanometry. (scielo.br)

Olfactory afferent: Fibers from olfactory pathway pass to hypothalamus as medial forebrain bundle. (kypho.com)

Known collectively as the olivocochlear system, this efferent innervation can be divided into lateral and medial systems. (edu.au)
The results of this study indicated that the activities of medial olivocochlear bundle enhanced by contralateral auditory selective attention increase the magnitude of stimulus-frequency otoacoustic emissions suppression. (ac.ir)

Objetivos: Describir el perfil de los pacientes atendidos en el Ambulatorio de Rehabilitación Vestibular y verificar la mejora del equilibrio corporal después del alta fonoaudiológica. (bvsalud.org)
These scientists represented disciplines that included molecular biology, molecular genetics, developmental neurobiology, auditory and vestibular morphophysiology, gravitational biology and motor control. (nih.gov)

This presentation will classify ototoxic agents according to their effects on the peripheral or central auditory system both in laboratory animals and humans. (cdc.gov)
Afferent processing in the auditory system is only half of the equation. (finetuned.org)
The downward-projecting efferent auditory system has a profound effect. (finetuned.org)
The auditory system is a two-way street. (finetuned.org)
See for example Canale et al (2014) The Role of the efferent auditory system in developmental dyslexia. (neuronlearning.com)
In neuroanatomic terms, perception is carried out by the input to the nervous system ( afferent pathways), action is the output ( efferent pathways), and cognition arises from interconnections within and between perceptual modalities, as well as between perception and action. (mhmedical.com)
To date, the function of auditory efferent system remains unclear. (ac.ir)
Research in the Glowatzki Lab focuses on the auditory system, with a particular focus on synaptic transmission in the inner ear. (hopkinsmedicine.org)
Prior to describing the recent identification of clock systems in the auditory pathway, we will review general aspects of the structure and function of the mammalian circadian system. (entokey.com)
The dorsal column system and spinothalamic tract are the major ascending pathways that connect the periphery with the brain. (usk.ac.id)

A significant increase at contralateral suppression of stimulus-frequency otoacoustic emissions was observed in auditory selective attention conditions (p≤0.001). (ac.ir)

Visual afferent: Afferent fibers from visual pathway pass from opticchiasma to supraoptic nucleus of hypothalamus via retinohypothalamic tract. (kypho.com)

Descending efferent (to autonomic centers of brainstem and spinal cord): These fibers descend via brainstem reticular formation. (kypho.com)

Tables for the cranial nerves identify and compare the pathways, supply areas and fibre qualities. (laxbook.bg)

In this study, we performed a literature review in order to investigate the relationship between auditory mechanisms and cardiac autonomic regulation. (bvsalud.org)
Our lab is using dendritic patch clamp recordings to examine mechanisms of synaptic transmission at this first, critical synapse in the auditory pathway. (hopkinsmedicine.org)
We examine the physiological mechanisms that underpin these three outcomes and review literature showing that SPB can activate anti-inflammatory pathways, increase lung capacity and, in turn, improve aerobic endurance, emotional well-being, and sleep quality. (frontiersin.org)

The afferent inputs to somatic and visceral reflexes are essentially the same, whereas the efferent branches are different. (usk.ac.id)

Truncated abstract] The mammalian cochlea receives an efferent innervation which originates in the superior olive. (edu.au)

Special visceral afferent: These are the afferent fibers from the gustatory pathway. (kypho.com)
Efferent to thalamus (mammillothalamic tract): These fibers pass from hypothalamic nucleus of mammillary region to anterior nucleus of thalamus. (kypho.com)
These findings suggest that processes linked with individual differences in distress aggravate pain in rheumatoid arthritis, whereas some other mechanism (e.g., failure of stress-related pain modulation processes or an aberrant interaction between nociceptive afferent and sympathetic efferent fibers) triggers stress-induced pain in fibromyalgia. (wildapricot.org)

Illustration of the auditory reflex pathway. (medscape.com)

This article discusses the anatomy of the auditory pathway (see the following images), as well as a few physiologic considerations and clinical applications. (medscape.com)

For example, in those with autism, pathways running through to the middle ear muscles make it difficult for the person to focus on a single voice when there is a lot of background noise. (wikipedia.org)

47. Figure Intro-4 Examples of motor (efferent) pathways: Somatic, assessment technique. (spagades.com)

Gaining an understanding of how to change the deficiencies in these animals can help lead to changes in the future for humans with auditory arrhythmia and other serious psychiatric disorders. (wikipedia.org)
S1PR2 variants associated with auditory function in humans and endocochlear potential decline in mouse. (omicsdi.org)

We are particularly interested in plastic changes in the brain that compensate for some aspects of altered auditory input, and how those changes relate to central auditory processing deficits, tinnitus, and hyperacusis. (hopkinsmedicine.org)

The outer ear consists of the auricle, a cartilaginous skin-covered structure, and the external auditory canal, an irregularly-shaped cylinder approximately 25 mm long which is lined by glands secreting wax. (cloudaccess.net)

As well, the exposure to solvent s can effect the afferent and efferent auditory pathways. (cdc.gov)

The VPM receives input from the trigeminal and gustatory pathways. (blogspot.com)

The "mouth" of the internal auditory canal (IAC) is called the porus acusticus. (medscape.com)
Chronic otitis media can result in development of aural polyps that ascends from the tympanic cavity outwards to the external auditory canal, leading to tympanic membrane perforation and hearing loss. (qxmd.com)

The brainstem is not just a passive relay station for auditory information. (finetuned.org)

Anatomy15

Organisms5

Diseases5

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment14

Psychiatry and Psychology12

Phenomena and Processes16

Disciplines and Occupations1

Health Care1

Neurons3

Afferent and efferent nerve2

Cortex11

Stimuli3

Nuclei4

Cochlear4

Thresholds2

Midbrain2

Nerve3

Effects of auditory1

Brainstem Responses3

Lesions1

Primary auditory1

Cortical2

Influences2

External ear c1

Olfactory1

Medial2

Vestibular2

System10

Otoacoustic emissions1

Visual1

Spinal cord1

Cranial nerves1

Mechanisms3

Reflexes1

Cochlea1

Fibers3

Reflex1

Anatomy1

Middle ear1

Somatic1

Humans2

Tinnitus1

Outer1

Solvent1

Gustatory1

Canal2

Passive1