Effects of kainate. Medical search. Frequent questions

Kainate receptors (KARs) act as prominent regulators of neuronal excitability, network activity as well as neurotransmitter release in the developing brain. (helsinki.fi)
Many studies have demonstrated that intoxicating concentrations of ethanol (10-100 mM) can selectively inhibit the component of glutamatergic synaptic transmission mediated by N -methyl- d -aspartate (NMDA) receptors while having little or no effect on excitatory synaptic transmission mediated by non-NMDA receptors [i.e., α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazole propionate (AMPA) and/or kainate (KA) receptors]. (aspetjournals.org)
These results suggest that in addition to its well-described depressant effect on NMDA receptor-mediated synaptic transmission, ethanol has an even greater inhibitory effect on glutamatergic synaptic transmission mediated by KA receptors in rat hippocampal CA3 pyramidal neurons. (aspetjournals.org)
Kainate receptors (KARs) are glutamate receptors that modulate neurotransmission and neuronal excitability. (helsinki.fi)
in many instances taurine exerted its cytoprotective effects against excitotoxic and/or energy depriving insults in vitro by a mechanism involving interaction with GABA-A receptors. (life-enhancement.com)
However, they also noted that, "exogenous taurine has in many instances turned out to have profound neuroprotective effects, many of which can be ascribed to interaction with GABA-A receptors. (life-enhancement.com)
Kainate type glutamate receptors (KARs) are strongly expressed in GABAergic interneurons and have the capability of modulating their functions via ionotropic and G-protein coupled mechanisms. (biomedcentral.com)
Cyclothiazide, an antagonist of rapid desensitization of non-NMDA receptors, is shown to produce a facilitation of responses to the synthetic agonist (±)-α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methylisoxazole-4-propionic acid (AMPA) but not kainate or NMDA in cells of the ventral posterior lateral and medial thalamic nuclei in the anesthetized monkey. (johnshopkins.edu)
These differential effects suggest the presence of multiple ionotropic non-NMDA excitatory amino acid receptors in the primate ventral posterior (VP) thalamus. (johnshopkins.edu)
A metabotropic modus operandi for kainate receptors (KARs) was initially discovered in 1998 modulating GABA discharge. (bio-biz-navi.com)
Interestingly, GABA has varied attractions to each of its own receptors with the highest binding affinity actually for GABAC, which also has the longest binding duration and effect of any of the other GABA receptor subtypes5. (getyokd.com)
However, RAD-140 binds to androgen receptors only in bone and muscle tissue, thus decreasing the side effects. (genemedics.com)
Receptor binding, as attested by the lack of enucleation effects, is a marker of postsynaptic receptors. (tmc.edu)
This study investigates contributions of peripheral kainate receptors to acute nociception and persistent inflammatory pain in rat. (utmb.edu)
Furthermore, activation of kainate receptors following intraplantar injection of 1.0mM kainate in normal animals results in a mechanical sensitivity similar to that observed in inflamed animals. (utmb.edu)
The data indicate that peripheral kainate receptors not only play an important role in normal nociception but also contribute to mechanical sensitivity and heat sensitization accompanying inflammatory pain. (utmb.edu)
The effects of morphine on memory consolidation in mice involve both D1 and D2 dopamine receptors. (uniroma1.it)

In contrast, ethanol had no effect on AMPA EPSCs in these cells, even at the highest concentration tested (80 mM). (aspetjournals.org)
When administered i.p., 6-cyano-7-nitroquinoxaline-2,3-dione (CNQX), an (R,S)-alpha-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methylisoxazole-4-proprionic acid HBr/kainate (AMPA/KA) antagonist, completely blocked hyperalgesia. (biopsychiatry.com)
When injected intrathecally (i.t.), kainic acid itself failed to induce hyperalgesia and AMPA/KA antagonists given i.t. also failed to attenuate the hyperalgesic effect of kainic acid administered i.p., indicating that the spinal cord is not the primary site of action. (biopsychiatry.com)
Dougherty, PM , Mittman, S & Lenz, FA 1998, ' Facilitation of responses to AMPA but not kainate by cyclothiazide in primate somatosensory thalamus ', Neuroscience Letters , vol. 246, no. 1, pp. 17-20. (johnshopkins.edu)

operandi of KARs effecting the bimodal control of glutamatergic transmitting in different human brain locations, and address the feasible functions that modulation may support. (bio-biz-navi.com)

ACET is a highly potent and specific kainate receptor antagonist: characterisation and effects on hippocampal mossy fibre function. (rndsystems.com)
on of MgMfs1 Kainate Receptor Antagonist Species showed insensitivity to QoI [116]. (hsvinhibitor.com)
Ketamine, an antagonist at the N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA) receptor, produces rapid antidepressant effects with low, subanesthetic doses of 0.5 mg/kg administered IV over 40 minutes. (uspharmacist.com)
Injection of the non-N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor antagonist 6-cyano-7-nitroquinoxaline-2,3- dione (0.1mM) reverses complete Freund's adjuvant-induced mechanical sensitivity through a local effect. (utmb.edu)

The type III mGluR agonist l -2-amino-4-phosphonobutyrate consistently inhibited 5HT-evoked calcium rises, whereas in a smaller number of cells quisqualate and L-CCG-I showed both inhibitory and additive effects. (jneurosci.org)
Thirdly, CP-465022 has inhibitory effects on Kainate-induced whole-cell currents in voltage-clamped rat hippocampal. (immune-system-research.com)

These findings support pharmacological data showing that NMDA directly facilitates GABA release in retina and retinal cultures [I.L. Ferreira, C.B. Duarte, P.F. Santos, C.M. Carvalho, A.P. Carvalho, Release of [3H]GABA evoked by glutamate receptor agonist in cultured chick retinal cells: effect of Ca2+, Brain Res. (nih.gov)

As G-protein mediated signaling has been shown to induce alterations in the voltage-dependence of the VGCC-mediated currents, we similarly investigated the effects of GluK1 inhibition on the current-voltage relationship of Ca2+ currents in CA3 interneurons during the first postnatal week as well as during the second postnatal week, since GluK1 subunit is known to undergo developmental changes in its expression during this time. (helsinki.fi)
A combination of CA inhibition and an effect on sodium absorption across the choroid plexus may result in the decreased CSF production. (medscape.com)
However, the effect of Ritonavir on cardiac GLUT4 inhibition during myocardial necrosis is not investigated. (biomedcentral.com)

Interestingly, 100 nM CP465,022 inhibits kainate currents developed over the course of 200s. (immune-system-research.com)

G.D. Zeevalk, W.J. Nicklas, Action of the anti-ischemic agent ifenprodil on N-methyl-d-aspartate and kainate-mediated excitotoxicity, Brain Res. (nih.gov)
Yet, one would expect that due to taurine's potent protective effects against excitotoxicity, for example, a variety of sleep dysfunctions stemming from excitotoxicity would be beneficially affected by taurine. (life-enhancement.com)
However, there was a substantial amount of data on the neuroprotective effects of taurine in cell-damaging conditions (such as ischemia and hypoxia as well as excitotoxicity) in the developing and aging hippocampus. (life-enhancement.com)

In addition to its antiviral effect, Ritonavir directly inhibits the insulin-regulated glucose transporter GLUT4 and blocks glucose entry into fat and muscle cells. (biomedcentral.com)

This emphasizes the effects of systemic local anesthetics on inflammation and visceral pain. (bvsalud.org)

Although proportions of kainate-activated nociceptors are the same in normal and inflamed skin, the kainate-induced mean discharge rate is significantly enhanced in inflamed skin. (utmb.edu)

Intraperitoneal (i.p.) injection of kainic acid induced a persistent thermal hyperalgesia, when tested using the hot plate (mice) and tail flick (mice and rats) assays, and mechanical hyperalgesia when tested using von Frey monofilaments (rats), but had no effect on acetic acid-induced chemical nociception (mice). (biopsychiatry.com)

Nimesulide (N-(4-nitro-2-phenoxyphenyl)-methanesulfonamide) is a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug with potent effects. (biomedcentral.com)

The neuroprotective effects of berry fruits on neurodegenerative diseases are related to phytochemicals such as anthocyanin, caffeic acid, catechin, quercetin, kaempferol and tannin. (lww.com)
Intl. 32 (1998) 47-52] or reduction of GABA in vivo [N.N. Osborn, A.J. Herrera, The effect of experimental ischaemia and excitatory amino acid agonist on the GABA and serotonin immunoreactivities in the rabbit retina, Neurosci. (nih.gov)
This combination of GABA and L-Theanine showed statistically significant effects over controls, but also over either amino acid administered individually. (getyokd.com)

Studies targeted at establishing such effects at cellular level and their correlations with in vivo models, will broaden our understanding of the roles played by androgens on skeletal muscle function in elderly. (frontiersin.org)
The relevant early literature considering its in vitro and in vivo effects has classified CPH as a 'neuroenergeticum', stimulating the metabolic activities of the nerve cells, manifesting itself in cases like cerebral atrophy, brain injury, postapoplectic disorders, chronic alcoholism, barbiturate intoxications, etc. (antiaging-systems.com)
In the present study, we evaluated the role of Ritonavir in isoproterenol-induced myocardial necrosis in vivo and compared the effect with Phlorizin, a nonslective SGLTs inhibitor. (biomedcentral.com)

The beneficial effects of berries on cognition, motor. (cambridge.org)
In this review, we made an attempt to clearly describe the beneficial effects of various types of berries as promising neuroprotective agents. (lww.com)
Since this botanical extract cannot be patented, its beneficial effects have been completely ignored by pharmaceutical interests. (lifeextension.com)
During the early sixties, numerous beneficial effects of CPH were observed, e.g., prolonged administration of CPH to healthy old animals significantly reduced the accumulation of lipofuscin in the brain cells and myocardium. (antiaging-systems.com)
The lower doses failed to significantly reduce infarction but showed a beneficial effect on neurological function. (biomedcentral.com)

Unlike the mGluR-kainate interaction, which required a pretreatment with an mGluR agonist and was insensitive to pertussis toxin (PTx), the mGluR modulation of 5HT actions was rapid and was blocked by PTx. (jneurosci.org)

The effect on ICP is not sustained, and many patients develop adverse effects severe enough to hinder compliance. (medscape.com)
Treatment is usually initiated at 1 g/day and increased to 2 g/day if symptoms are not controlled and adverse effects are not severe. (medscape.com)
Significant hemodynamic and psychiatric adverse effects are seen with the use of ketamine, and its potential for abuse has also raised questions. (uspharmacist.com)
The goal of treatment is to achieve a seizure-free status without adverse effects. (medscape.com)
Monotherapy is important, because it decreases the likelihood of adverse effects and avoids drug interactions. (medscape.com)

While these traditional AEDs have had a profound effect by reducing the expression of epileptic seizures, their function invariably elicits some impairment of the normal neuronal excitability underlying cognitive function [6-8]. (jle.com)

Common side effects include tingling, feeling tired, loss of appetite, abdominal pain, weight loss, and decreased cognitive function such as trouble concentrating. (wikipedia.org)
In this review article, we discuss the potential benefits of IF on cognitive function and the possible effects on the prevention and progress of brain-related disorders in animals and humans. (mdpi.com)
There are also data on the protective effects of taurine on cognitive function. (life-enhancement.com)

Serious side effects may include suicide, increased ammonia levels resulting in encephalopathy, and kidney stones. (wikipedia.org)
Consumer reporting of medicine side effects: A dream fulfilled? (ijp-online.com)
Topiramate also is an excellent choice, in that one of its side effects is weight loss (a common association in IIH), which can help put the disease in remission. (medscape.com)
Antiepileptic drugs should be used carefully, with consideration of medication interactions and potential side effects. (medscape.com)
Drug companies offer medications to treat the symptoms of anxiety, but fears of addiction and side effects cause most health conscious people to avoid them. (lifeextension.com)
Many of the medicines that are commonly used to relieve stress and promote sleep can produce unwanted side effects, ranging from sedation to memory problems. (lifeextension.com)
There is a higher likelihood of developing side effects with oral migraine preventatives, and so we suggest stopping these drugs according to the national guidelines if they are well tolerated. (biomedcentral.com)
Because CPH had practically no toxic side-effects, I and several other persons decided all those years ago to start a human auto-experiment by taking 500 mg/day CPH, and some of those subjects (including myself) are still continuing this habit more than 35 years later! (antiaging-systems.com)
Although the MHA implicitly contradicts the central dogma of the FRTA, it does not deny the possibility of damaging side effects of these radicals. (antiaging-systems.com)
Unlike anabolic androgenic steroids, this orally ingestible product is non-steroidal in nature, which means that it has anabolic effects (e.g. increased muscle mass and strength, and accelerated bone growth) with almost zero side effects. (genemedics.com)

Over 500 products have been investigated for neuroprotective effects including those from the categories of free radical scavengers, anti-excitotoxic agents, apoptosis (programmed cell death) inhibitors, anti-inflammatory agents, neurotrophic factors, metal ion chelators, ion channel modulators, and gene therapy. (researchandmarkets.com)
Increased susceptibility to the long-term effects of OS and inflammatory insults are thought to be contributing factors to the decrements in cognitive and/or motor performance seen in ageing and other neurodegenerative diseases. (cambridge.org)

In vitro study with heart homogenate confirmed no antioxidant effect of ritonavir and phlorizin in the absence and presence of isoproterenol. (biomedcentral.com)

Many epidemiological studies have shown that regular flavonoid rich fruit intake is associated with delayed Parkinson's disease (PD), Alzheimer's disease (AD), ischemic diseases and aging effects (Ono et al. (lww.com)
Since there are no reports on the effects of nimesulide on permanent ischemic stroke and because most cases of human stroke are caused by permanent occlusion of cerebral arteries, the present study was conducted to assess the neuroprotective efficacy of nimesulide on the cerebral infarction and neurological deficits induced by permanent middle cerebral artery occlusion (pMCAO) in the rat. (biomedcentral.com)

However, most evidence linked testosterone and skeletal muscle effects are observational. (frontiersin.org)
In addition, observational studies and, eventually, clinical trials focusing on the effect of discontinuation of migraine prophylactic therapies, are essential to substantiate evidence-based recommendations on stopping rules for both oral preventives and CGRP(-receptor) targeted therapies in migraine. (biomedcentral.com)

Taurine has important effects on brain function. (life-enhancement.com)
Previous studies suggest that the cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) inhibitor nimesulide has a remarkable protective effect against different types of brain injury including ischemia. (biomedcentral.com)

These anticonvulsants were the mainstays of seizure treatment until the 1990s, when newer AEDs with good efficacy, fewer toxic effects, better tolerability, and no need for blood level monitoring were developed. (medscape.com)

Neuroprotective effects of berry fruits on neurodegenerative. (lww.com)
Bexarotene (Bxt) is a retinoid-X receptor agonist used in the treatment of cutaneous lymphoma with a favorable safety profile whose effects have been recently investigated in other neurodegenerative diseases. (frontiersin.org)

Cardiac glycosides have a similar effect. (medscape.com)

There is a dose-dependent increase in kainate-induced nociceptor activity in both normal and inflamed skin but the kainate required to induce activation is reduced in inflamed skin. (utmb.edu)

The median difference in the effect of peritonitis compared to control was 30 cells (CI95, 13.5-55). (bvsalud.org)

2 Because of its widespread presence and high physiological concentration, taurine exerts a variety of effects throughout the body. (life-enhancement.com)
Such extracts usually include a mixture of compounds that can act by affecting different physiological functions, sometimes causing undesirable effects. (scielo.br)

CP-465022 is against Kainate-induced response with an IC 50 of 25 nM in rat cortical neurons. (immune-system-research.com)

Amitriptyline, nortriptyline, doxepin, and protriptyline have been used for migraine prophylaxis, but only amitriptyline has proven efficacy and appears to exert its antimigraine effect independent of its effect on depression. (medscape.com)

In the past five years alone, the powerful relaxing effects of lemon balm extracts have been documented by scientists around the world. (lifeextension.com)
Some of these amino acids and extracts have a "secretagogue" effect in that they can elicit the release of growth hormone from the pituitary. (getyokd.com)

To evaluate the effect of learning styles and study behaviors on preclinical medical students' pharmacology exam scores in a non-Western setting. (ijp-online.com)
Logistic regression models were used to evaluate the independent effect of gender, age, learning style, and study behavior on pharmacology success. (ijp-online.com)
In this study, we analyze the potential therapeutic effect of Bxt in the SOD1 G93A mouse model of ALS. (frontiersin.org)
6 In the same study, higher doses of the lemon balm extract produced analgesic (pain-relieving) effects. (lifeextension.com)
In another 2004 study, lemon balm was examined for its effect on laboratory-induced stress in humans. (lifeextension.com)
The goal of the study was to compare the effects of parietal block, i.m. bupivacaine, and vagotomy on spinal cord and NTS stimulation induced by a chemical peritonitis. (bvsalud.org)

Conclusions: Co-administration of ciprofloxacin with riluzole increases the systemic levels of riluzole and thereby the oral pharmacokinetic properties of riluzole while co-administration of grapefruit juice with riluzole has no significant effect. (researchgate.net)
Testosterone elicits significant muscular effects and abnormalities of plasma concentrations can cause muscle disease ( 13 ). (frontiersin.org)
8 Ketamine has generated significant interest in the treatment of MDD, bipolar depression, and in depression with suicidal ideation after the publication of a number of studies demonstrating its rapid-acting antidepressant effect following low IV doses. (uspharmacist.com)

Aim To examine those claims, i.e the effects of oxygenated water on hypertension and Diabetes Mellitus (DM).Methods In this clinical trial, 108 subjects of Diabetes Mellitus were recruited. (researchgate.net)
Aim T o examine those claims, i.e the effects of oxygenated water on hypertension and Diabetes Mellitus (DM). (researchgate.net)

The Maternal Outcomes and Neurodevelopmental Effects of Antiepileptic Drugs (MONEAD) showed that most blood concentrations in breastfed infants of mothers taking topiramate were quite low, especially in relationship to the mother's level and what the fetal level would have been during pregnancy. (wikipedia.org)

Market analysis of currently used products that have a neuroprotective effect is analyzed for the year 2020. (researchandmarkets.com)
What is more, detailed analysis of the effect of CPH revealed that the treated animals had a longer medium life span than the non-treated ones. (antiaging-systems.com)
Immunohistochemical analysis of kainate receptor expression using antibodies recognizing glutamate receptor subunits 5, 6, and 7 demonstrates that 28% of unmyelinated axons in normal digital nerve are positively labeled. (utmb.edu)

The median difference in the effect of i.m. bupivacaine added to peritonitis was 29 cells (80% increase) in the cord and 18 cells (75% increase) in the NTS. (bvsalud.org)
In patients with breast cancer, RAD-140 treatment suppressed the growth of cancer cells by blocking the effects of estrogen on tissues. (genemedics.com)

There is little published data specifically on taurine's effects on sleep. (life-enhancement.com)

We have postulated that these effects may be the result of a number of positive benefits of the berry polyphenols, including decreased stress signalling, increased neurogenesis, and increased signals involved in learning and memory. (cambridge.org)

Exposure of normal and inflamed nociceptors to 0.3mM kainate sensitizes fibers to re-application of kainate and heat. (utmb.edu)

Translational and basic studies are warranted to investigate the long-term effects of a preventive drug after its discontinuation, starting from what is known about the biology of migraine. (biomedcentral.com)

Anatomy55

Organisms13

Diseases7

Chemicals and Drugs116

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment22

Psychiatry and Psychology1

Phenomena and Processes40

Disciplines and Occupations3

Information Science2

Health Care1

Receptors17

AMPA4

KARs1

Antagonist4

Inhibitory2

NMDA1

Inhibition3

Currents1

Excitotoxicity3

Inhibits1

Inflammation1

Discharge1

Nociception1

Potent1

Acid3

Vivo3

Beneficial5

Interaction1

Adverse effects5

Neuronal1

Cognitive function3

Side effects10

Inflammatory2

Vitro1

Ischemic2

Observational2

Brain2

AEDs1

Neurodegenerative2

Cardiac1

Activation1

Control1

Physiological2

Response1

Efficacy1

Extracts2

Study6

Significant3

Hypertension2

Concentrations1

Analysis3

Cells2

Data1

Memory1

Heat1

Long-term effects1