Effects of cytochalasins on actin polymerization and actin. Medical search. Frequent questions

In addition to its ion channel activity, there is evidence for further functions of CLIC5A, such as the remodeling of the actin cytoskeleton during the formation of a functional glomerulus in the vertebrate kidney. (bvsalud.org)
Induction of the inflammatory or heat-shock responses caused subtle and distinct rearrangement of the actin cytoskeleton. (usuhs.edu)
Sequential stresses that mimic pathophysiologic 'two-hit' stimuli induce a characteristic fractal rearrangement of the actin cytoskeleton. (usuhs.edu)
Because cytochalasin D-induced rearrangement of this cytoskeleton produced apoptosis indistinguishable from the stress-induced apoptosis, we conclude that the cytoskeletal rearrangement is likely a critical event in the pathway to apoptosis. (usuhs.edu)
Treatment with cytochalasin D, a drug that acts by inducing the depolymerization of the actin cytoskeleton, selectively blocked endocytosis of membrane bound and fluid phase markers from the apical surface of polarized MDCK cells without affecting the uptake from the basolateral surface. (rupress.org)
The actin cytoskeleton appears to play a critical role in adsorptive as well as fluid phase apical endocytic events, since treatment with cytochalasin D prevented the apical uptake of cationized ferritin, that occurs after the marker binds to the cell surface, as well as uptake of Lucifer yellow, a fluorescent soluble dye. (rupress.org)
Our results indicate that actin cytoskeleton interactions are important in BSMV cell-to-cell movement and for CW localization of TGB3. (ppjonline.org)
Pereyra, E. Mucor rouxii ultrastructure: Cyclic AMP and actin cytoskeleton. (uba.ar)
Moreno, S. 'Mucor rouxii ultrastructure: Cyclic AMP and actin cytoskeleton' (2006) Protoplasma. (uba.ar)
Filopodia are finger-like projections supported by a cytoskeleton of bundled actin filaments ( Gallo and Letourneau, 2000 ). (jneurosci.org)
The Rho family of GTPases regulate the actin cytoskeleton. (jneurosci.org)
Interestingly, inhibiting specifically DGK changed vacuolar dynamics and the morphology of pollen tubes, whereas inhibiting specifically PLD disrupted the actin cytoskeleton. (frontiersin.org)
Axon guidance is mediated by the effects of attractant and repellent guidance cues on the cytoskeleton of growth cones and axons. (biologists.com)
I suggest that in the context of semaphorin 3A signaling, RhoA-kinase serves as a switch to change the function of the F-actin cytoskeleton from promoting protrusive activity to generating contractile forces. (biologists.com)

Once bound, cytochalasins essentially cap the end of the new actin filament. (wikipedia.org)
One cytochalasin will bind to one actin filament. (wikipedia.org)
In contrast, latrunculin inhibits actin filament polymerization by binding to actin monomers. (wikipedia.org)
The mAR sensitive signaling includes activation of Ras-related C3 botulinum toxin substrate 1 (Rac1) and reorganization of the actin filament network. (biomedcentral.com)
Monomeric GTPases of the Rho and ARF families which are engaged downstream of activated receptors, in cooperation with phosphatidylinositol 4-phosphate 5-kinase and phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase lipid modifying enzymes, can modulate locally the assembly of the submembranous actin filament system leading to particle internalization [ 3345 , 5261 ]. (nanomedicine.com)
Barley stripe mosaic virus (BSMV) induces massive actin filament thickening at the infection front of infected Nicotiana benthamiana leaves. (ppjonline.org)
TGB ectopic expression experiments revealed that TGB3 is a major elicitor of filament thickening, that TGB2 resulted in formation of intermediate DsRed:Talin filaments, and that TGB1 alone had no obvious effects on actin filament structure. (ppjonline.org)
Latrunculin B (LatB) treatments retarded BSMV cell-to-cell movement, disrupted actin filament organization, and dramatically decreased the proportion of paired TGB3 foci appearing at the cell wall (CW). (ppjonline.org)
Myosin-X step size corresponds to a single twist of the actin filament helix. (mechanobio.info)

Furthermore, cytokine secretion was reduced following treatment with the antioxidant, N-acetylcysteine, and cytochalasin D, an inhibitor of actin polymerization. (cdc.gov)
Lat-B (latrunculin B), an inhibitor of actin polymerization, is involved in Ca2+ regulation. (tmu.edu.tw)

As a result of the inhibition of actin polymerization, cytochalasins can change cellular morphology, inhibit cellular processes such as cell division, and even cause cells to undergo apoptosis. (wikipedia.org)
This test is based on the principle that cytochalasin D very effectively inhibits platelet function by inhibition of the contractile elements. (wikipedia.org)
An unbiased screen of 150 small molecules that impact actin organization and 32 anti-mitotic drugs identified two molecular targets, Rho kinase (ROCK) and tropomyosin 3.1/2 (Tpm3.1/2), whose inhibition has the greatest impact on mitotic cortical tension. (bvsalud.org)
Tpm3.1/2 forms a co-polymer with mitotic cortical actin filaments, and its inhibition prevents rescue of multipolar spindles induced by anti-microtubule chemotherapeutics. (bvsalud.org)
In this sense, the use of latrunculin A (LatA) instead of cytochalasin B for actin polymerization inhibition significantly improves the development to term of HDACitreated SCNT embryos. (uab.cat)
This inhibitory effect is maximized at 0.1 nM concentration [ 3365 ], and inhibition of neutrophil mobility and phagocytosis "could be carried out through an increase of the intracellular cAMP levels" [ 3319 , 3365 ]. (nanomedicine.com)

The effects of many different cytochalasins on actin filaments were analyzed and higher concentrations (2-20 μM) of CD were found to be needed to remove stress fibers. (wikipedia.org)
In primary bovine chondrocytes subjected to 5 MPa of cyclic hydrostatic pressure the actin stress fibers resembled those of non-pressurized controls. (openorthopaedicsjournal.com)

These findings indicate that there is a fundamental difference in the process by which endocytic vesicles are formed at the two surfaces of polarized epithelial cells and that the integrity and/or the polymerization of actin filaments are required at the apical surface. (rupress.org)

ATP was found to be required for contractile vacuole rounding but inhibitors of actin or tubulin polymerization, such as cytochalasin B and Nocodazole, had no effect on the in vitro contractile vacuole's rounding-slackening cycle. (biologists.com)
Therefore we examined the effects of drugs which selectively interfere with actin and tubulin polymerization on pressure-induced upregulation of aggrecan and col2a1 (type II collagen) mRNA expression. (openorthopaedicsjournal.com)

Cytochalasins are known to bind to the barbed, fast growing plus ends of microfilaments, which then blocks both the assembly and disassembly of individual actin monomers from the bound end. (wikipedia.org)
Actin microfilaments have been widely studied using cytochalasins. (wikipedia.org)
Actin microfilaments play a critical role in endocytosis at the apical but not the basolateral surface of polarized epithelial cells. (rupress.org)
We have studied in CHO cells transfected with the rat muscle sodium channel alpha-subunit the effects of two substances expected to produce drastic perturbations of the cytoskeletal structure: Cytochalasin-D, which depolymerizes microfilaments, and Colchicine, which inhibits the microtubules polymerization. (ox.ac.uk)

This was also seen when preactivated platelets, which cannot undergo further morphological changes, were used, and when platelets were activated in the presence of shape-change inhibitors such as cytochalasin D and vincristine. (nature.com)
Conversely, suppressing PA degradation by inhibiting LPP activity using any of three different inhibitors significantly stimulated pollen tube growth, and similar effect was achieved by suppressing the expression of tobacco pollen LPP4 using antisense knock-down. (frontiersin.org)

Intriguingly, LRP6 loss caused cell morphological aberration, F-actin dynamics disruption, YAP nucleoplasmic relocation, and subsequent YAP inactivation. (biomedcentral.com)

Importantly, repellent guidance cues cause growth cone collapse and depolymerize growth cone F-actin while promoting axon retraction ( Gallo and Letourneau, 2004 ). (biologists.com)

For example, cytochalasin A and cytochalasin B can also inhibit the transport of monosaccharides across the cell membrane, cytochalasin H has been found to regulate plant growth, cytochalasin D inhibits protein synthesis and cytochalasin E prevents angiogenesis. (wikipedia.org)
TAC treatment of MCF-7 cells was followed by Rac1 activation, actin polymerization, transient increase of Orai1transcript levels and protein abundance, and transient increase of SOCE. (biomedcentral.com)
The transient increase of Orai1 protein abundance was abrogated by Rac1 inhibitor NSC23766 (50 μM) and by prevention of actin reorganization with cytochalasin B (1 μM). (biomedcentral.com)
mAR sensitive Rac1 activation and actin reorganization contribute to the regulation of Orai1 protein abundance and SOCE. (biomedcentral.com)
The present study explored, whether mAR activation is followed by alterations of Orai1 protein abundance and function in MCF-7 breast tumor cells and addressed the role of actin reorganization and actin signaling to this effect. (biomedcentral.com)
In a first step, confocal microscopy was employed to visualize the effect of TAC on the Orai1 protein abundance at the MCF-7 cell membrane surface. (biomedcentral.com)
Thus, in MDCK cell transformants that express the VSV G protein, cytochalasin blocked the internalization of an anti-G mAb bound to apical G molecules, but did not reduce the uptake of antibody bound to the basolateral surface. (rupress.org)
To determine the mechanisms leading to actin remodeling, fluorescent protein fusions of the BSMV triple gene block (TGB) proteins were coexpressed in cells with the actin marker DsRed: Talin. (ppjonline.org)
Cortactin, an actin binding protein, has been associated with Sertoli cell ectoplasmic specializations in vivo , based on its immunolocalization around the heads of elongated spermatids, but not previously identified in isolated Sertoli cells. (biomedcentral.com)
Based on this observation, we hypothesized that this actin binding protein may be associated with a non-junction-related physiological function, such as phagocytosis. (biomedcentral.com)
Cell autonomy and cell-specific voltaren online purchase rescues The ATG-9 phenotype in cla-1(ola285) (S4E Fig). For experiments using only immunofluorescence, embryos were arranged end to produce differing levels of trophozoite-stage parasites expressing an F-actin nanobody fused to green fluorescent protein Dendra2 at its C terminus. (itwontfailbecauseofme.com)
In mammalian spermatozoa, actin represents the most abundant cytoskeletal protein localized in sperm head which actively participates in several structural and biochemical functions such as: i) head shaping occurring during spermiogenesis, ii) sperm capacitation and iii) acrosome reaction (AR) [ 1 - 4 ]. (ijbs.com)

Cortactin is recruited to the actin-rich membrane ruffles of the entry structure of Shigella flexneri when invading HeLa cells and is also found in the periphery of the phagosome shortly after internalization [ 17 ]. (biomedcentral.com)

Cytochalasin E, an Epoxide Containing Aspergillus-Derived Fungal Metabolite, Inhibits Angiogenesis and Tumor Growth" (PDF). (wikipedia.org)
Other cells were exposed to cytochalasin D, a fungal metabolite, which interferes with polymerization of actin from its globular to its filamentous form, and similarly were analyzed with respect to fractal dimension, viability (neutral red assay), and manner of death (annexin V fluorescence-activated cell scanning analysis). (usuhs.edu)

Central to this mechanism is the dependence of NM2A on Tpm3.1/2 to produce the functional engagement of actin filaments responsible for cortical tension. (bvsalud.org)

However, its effect on in vitro development and on untreated embryos is unknown. (uab.cat)
A correct IZUMO1 repositioning following in vitro induction of F-actin depolymerization, by cytochalasin D treatment, occurred. (ijbs.com)

These CD-actin dimers are reduced to CD-actin monomers as a result of ATP hydrolysis. (wikipedia.org)
Binding sites are represented by red and dark blue actin monomers. (mechanobio.info)

Consequently, opto-E-cadherin provides remote control over multicellular aggregation, E-cadherin-associated intracellular signalling and F-actin organization in 2D and 3D cell cultures. (bvsalud.org)
In cells, F-actin assumes specific types of organization depending on its functions. (biologists.com)
To date, few notions regarding the bivalent role of F-actin on sperm chromatin organization and IZUMO1 positioning have been reported. (ijbs.com)
In our work, we characterized subcellular organization of F-actin in human high- and low-quality spermatozoa (A- and B-SPZ), respectively, showing that F-actin over-expression in sperm head of B-SPZ affected IZUMO1 localization. (ijbs.com)

The filamin family of proteins bind to both actin and a number of signaling molecules including Rho GTPases. (mechanobio.info)

Furthermore, semaphorin 3A promotes the formation of intra-axonal F-actin bundles in concert with the loss of F-actin in growth cone lamellipodia and filopodia. (biologists.com)
The transport of components along filopodial shafts is crucial to the continued growth of actin filaments and the formation of adhesions at the tips of filopodia. (mechanobio.info)

Interestingly, F-actin depolymerization was also associated with a correct acrosome repositioning, thus to favor a proper acrosome reaction onset, with changes in sperm nuclear size parameters and histone acetylation rate reaching high-quality conditions. (ijbs.com)

O) to remove the remaining crRNAs, we observed even when targeted by multiple spacers develops mutations in actin-1 and profilin as candidate proteins involved in endocytosis and autophagy, we generated mutated phage we observed. (chemdbsoft.com)
Specific members of the Myosin superfamily of motor proteins are known to transport cargo along actin filaments. (mechanobio.info)

We also show that the filopodial rotation involves myosins Va and Vb and may be driven by their spiral interactions with filamentous actin. (silverchair.com)
Western blotting, qRT-PCR, and phalloidin staining were adopted to affirm filamentous actin (F-actin) alteration. (biomedcentral.com)

Double-labeling experiments in HeLa cells invaded with S. flexneri showed a near perfect co-localization of cortactin with actin in the entry structure and at the periphery of the phagosome [ 17 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
The presence or absence of FSH had no apparent effect on the distribution or localization of cortactin within Sertoli cells. (biomedcentral.com)
In conclusion, the current work shows a key role of F-actin in the control of IZUMO1 localization as well as chromatin remodeling and acetylation events. (ijbs.com)

Effects of Cytochalasin and Phalloidin on Actin" (PDF). (wikipedia.org)

C3H10T1/2 cells were cultured as pellets in either 4µM cytochalasin D or 4µM nocodazole and subjected to 3 days of cyclic hydrostatic compression (1 Hz, 5 MPa, 2 h per day). (openorthopaedicsjournal.com)

Below we discuss mechanisms in the form of pioneer transcription factors, histone modifications, and recently identified actin-dependent mechanisms that regulate chromosome accessibility and gene regulation during cellular reprogramming. (cytoskeleton.com)
Using tobacco pollen tubes as a model, we addressed the signaling effects of PA by probing the functions of three most relevant enzymes that regulate the production and degradation of PA, namely, phospholipases D (PLD), diacylglycerol kinases (DGKs), and lipid phosphate phosphatases (LPPs). (frontiersin.org)

The membrane estrogen receptors exert their effects through another method. (escholarship.org)
But this internalization does not diminish the number of receptors on the cell surface and has no effect on receptor-mediated uptake [ 3354 ]. (nanomedicine.com)
Filamin forms a vital scaffolding adaptor and regulatory component that contributes to the mechanical stability of cells by linking the internal actin network with membrane receptors and mechanosensitive components. (mechanobio.info)

Cytochalasin D alone induced a dose-dependent cytoskeletal collapse indistinguishable from that caused by the acute phase-heat shock sequence that caused cell death by apoptosis. (usuhs.edu)

Extra over, each D2 HAN derivatives displayed enhanced actin strain fi ber formation in response to TGF 1 stimulation. (microrna1.com)

PsA and VPA have been shown to improve nuclear reprogramming through the increase of histone acetylation levels in SCNT embryos, but an effect of VitC on the nuclear reprogramming of SCNT embryos has not been detected. (uab.cat)

In addition, Atf3 mRNA levels are increased in response to cytochalasin D treatment, an inducer of chondrocyte maturation. (biomedcentral.com)

Formation of axonal F-actin bundles was independent of myosin II, but partially required RhoA-kinase activity. (biologists.com)
Collectively, these observations suggest that guidance cues cause axon retraction through the coordinated activation of myosin II and the formation of intra-axonal F-actin bundles for myosin-II-based force generation. (biologists.com)

This is accompanied by increased Atf3 promoter activity in cytochalasin D-treated chondrocytes. (biomedcentral.com)

Regulation of Actin trandate price per pill Polymerization in the mid- or PAM-distal (G17T) region. (chemdbsoft.com)

Cytochalasin has found practical application in thromboelastometry (TEM) whole blood assays for the assessment of fibrinogen and fibrin polymerization disorders in the FIBTEM assay on ROTEM. (wikipedia.org)
Melted agar and dissolve the glue and rinsed thoroughly with water to remove hemozoin prior to pole cell function, although an indirect how much epivir cost effect on sporozoite motility assays. (clipstonepress.com)

Studies done with cytochalasin D (CD) have found that CD-actin dimers contain ATP-bound actin upon formation. (wikipedia.org)
Deactivation of this natural actin depolymerizing agent allows the formation of new spines. (escholarship.org)

It was suggested that this optical effect was caused by the morphological change of platelets from discs to spherical cells with pseudopodia ( Latimer et al, 1977 ). (nature.com)

The selective effect of cytochalasin D on apical endocytosis was also demonstrated by the failure of the drug to reduce the uptake of 125I-labeled transferrin, which occurs by receptor-mediated endocytosis, via clathrin-coated pits, almost exclusively from the basolateral surface. (rupress.org)

In vivo antitumor results showed that PEGylated ACNVs could significantly inhibit tumor growth without side effects. (dovepress.com)
Quantitative analysis revealed that mAR activation significantly increased Orai1 abundance within 15 min, an effect that was persistent for at least 120 min (Fig. 1b ). (biomedcentral.com)

Actin filaments in microvilli may be part of a mechanochemical motor that moves membrane components along the microvillar surface towards intermicrovillar spaces, or provides the force required for converting a membrane invagination or pit into an endocytic vesicle within the cytoplasm. (rupress.org)

Miller LH, Aikawa M, Johnson JG, Shiroishi T. Interaction between cytochalasin B-treated malarial parasites and cytochalasin D (CytD), or 0. (chemdbsoft.com)

We observed that SCNT embryos are delayed, from the second division, in comparison with fertilized embryos, and that the epigenetic modifier treatment has an effect on embryo kinetics. (uab.cat)

Nuclear F-actin is also involved in sperm head shaping and chromosome compartmentalization. (ijbs.com)

A requirement for actin filaments (F-actin) in mediating axon retraction has long been established ( Solomon and Magendantz, 1981 ). (biologists.com)
Myosin II interacts with F-actin to generate contractile forces that result in axon retraction. (biologists.com)
F-actin is concentrated at the growth cone and sparse in the axon ( Letourneau, 1983 ). (biologists.com)
how can myosin II drive axon retraction if the major source of the required substratum for force generation, growth cone F-actin, has been depleted? (biologists.com)

Cytochalasins are fungal metabolites that have the ability to bind to actin filaments and block polymerization and the elongation of actin. (wikipedia.org)
The resulting CD-actin monomer can bind ATP-actin monomer to reform the CD-actin dimer. (wikipedia.org)

Cytochalasins have the ability to permeate cell membranes, prevent cellular translocation and cause cells to enucleate. (wikipedia.org)
Moreover, disrupted F-actin dynamics inhibited osteogenic differentiation, proliferation, YAP nuclear translocation, and YAP activation in mechanically induced PDLSCs. (biomedcentral.com)

Thus, LatA could be involved in the nuclear reprogramming of SCNT embryos and might exert a synergistic effect with epigenetic modifiers. (uab.cat)

CRISPR effector complexes with or without preexisting crRNA mismatches throughout the embryo (S5A trandate price per pill Fig), this effect on pole cell migration could be due to crRNA mismatches. (chemdbsoft.com)

Cytochalasin A Cytochalasin B Cytochalasin C Cytochalasin D Cytochalasin E Cytochalasin F Cytochalasin H Cytochalasin J Cytoskeletal drugs Haidle, A. M. (wikipedia.org)

The effect of lower doses of cytochalasin D could be potentiated by subsequent induction of the heat- shock response. (usuhs.edu)

An Enantioselective, Modular, and General Route to the Cytochalasins: Synthesis of L-696,474 and Cytochalasin B" (PDF). (wikipedia.org)

Anatomy3

Organisms1

Chemicals and Drugs18

Phenomena and Processes3

Technology, Industry, Agriculture2

Cytoskeleton14

Filament9

Inhibitor of actin polymerization2

Inhibition6

Stress fibers2

Filaments are required1

Tubulin2

Microfilaments4

Inhibitors2

Disruption1

Gallo and Letourneau1

Protein12

Membrane ruffles1

Fungal Metabolite2

Cortical1

Vitro2

Monomers2

Organization4

GTPases1

Filopodia2

Depolymerization1

Proteins2

Filamentous2

Localization3

Phalloidin1

Nocodazole1

Regulate2

Receptors3

Apoptosis1

Derivatives1

Histone acetylation1

MRNA1

Bundles2

Chondrocytes1

Regulation1

Assays2

Formation2

Morphological1

Uptake1

Significantly2

Endocytic1

Parasites1

Kinetics1

Chromosome1

Axon4

Bind2

Translocation2

Nuclear1

Cell1

Drugs1

Induction1

Route1