Effects of cholinergic cholinergic agonists. Medical search. Frequent questions

Although nicotine is an agonist of ionotropic acetylcholine receptors, we found that nicotine-induced polyspermy was neither mimicked by acetylcholine and carbachol nor inhibited by specific antagonists of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors. (mdpi.com)
Effects of acute administration of nicotinic and muscarinic cholinergic agonists and antagonists on performance in different cost-benefit decision making tasks in rats. (ufl.edu)
Selective breeding for diisopropyl fluorophosphatesensitivity: Behavioural effects of cholinergic agonists and antagonists. (bvsalud.org)

Nicotine acts as a receptor agonist at most nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs), except at two nicotinic receptor subunits (nAChRα9 and nAChRα10) where it acts as a receptor antagonist. (wikipedia.org)
Both of these effects occur via postsynaptic A1 receptors, but are mediated downstream by two separate mechanisms. (nih.gov)
Hook RW, Isobe M, Savulich G, Grant JE, Ioannidis K, Christmas D, Sahakian BJ , Robbins TW , Chamberlain SR . Role of adenosine A2A receptors in hot and cold cognition: Effects of single-dose istradefylline in healthy volunteers. (neurotree.org)
Among targets under investigation, cholinergic receptors have received much attention with several nicotinic agonists (α7 and α4β2) actively in clinical trials for the treatment of AD, CIAS and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). (sri.com)
Activation of muscarinic acetylcholine receptors is known to steer APP down the non-amyloidogenic, α-secretase pathway, but it has been difficult to pin the effect on a specific receptor subtype: There are five different muscarinic receptors (M1-M5) and knowing which one is involved is critical for making selective drugs and minimizing cholinergic side effects. (alzforum.org)
The toxin in these mushrooms is muscarine, a thermostable muscarinic receptor agonist that binds to acetylcholine receptors in the peripheral nervous system. (msdvetmanual.com)
DMPP activates nicotinic receptors in autonomic ganglia but has little effect at the neuromuscular junction. (nih.gov)
It is the prototypical agonist at nicotinic cholinergic receptors where it dramatically stimulates neurons and ultimately blocks synaptic transmission. (bvsalud.org)

Nicotine has been used as an insecticide since at least the 1960s, in the form of tobacco extracts (although other components of tobacco also seem to have pesticide effects). (wikipedia.org)
Nicotine-containing products are sometimes used for the performance-enhancing effects of nicotine on cognition. (wikipedia.org)
While alkaloids often exert unique pharmacological effects on animal cells, exposure of sea urchin eggs to nicotine causes polyspermy at fertilization in a dose-dependent manner. (mdpi.com)
The active substance is nicotine, a cholinergic agonist with mild mood and cognition enhancing effects and strong addiction potential. (orionsarm.com)

Nine alkaloids constitute the active ingredients of betel nut ( Reference Farnworth Farnworth, 1976 ), the most abundant of which is arecoline - a potent muscarinic agonist that rapidly crosses the blood-brain barrier and induces a range of parasympathetic effects ( Reference Asthana, Greig and Holloway Asthana et al , 1996 ). (cambridge.org)

They show that treating cultured mouse neurons expressing human APP with the acetylcholine receptor agonist carbachol increased the production of α-secretase cleavage products, but no such effect occurred in cells from M1 knockout mice. (alzforum.org)

Hypokalemia may result from either corticosteroid use or beta-agonist use. (medscape.com)
After challenge completion, an inhaled beta-agonist may be administered to expedite FEV 1 return within 90% of baseline and to relieve any discomfort. (medilib.ir)

Dose-dependent effects of GAT107, a novel allosteric agonist-positive allosteric modulator (ago-PAM) for the α7 nicotinic cholinergic receptor: a BOLD phMRI and connectivity study on awake rats. (bvsalud.org)
GAT107, a type 2 allosteric agonist-positive allosteric modulator (ago-PAM) to the α7 nAChR was designed to activate the α7 nAChR while reducing desensitization. (bvsalud.org)
GAT107 is an allosteric agonist and positive allosteric modulator (ago-PAM) of α7 nAChR that can produce persistent activation of this receptor. (listlabs.com)

Drugs such as diphenhydramine (an antihistamine), imipramine (an antidepressant), and atropine (a muscarinic cholinergic agonist), which are not abused by humans, have no effect on the concentration of synaptic dopamine in the nucleus accumbrens. (drugscience.org)
Differences observed between atropine and hyoscine with regard to their modifying effects on withdrawal symptoms may be explained on the basis that the drugs may be acting on the different subpopulations of the muscarinic receptor or through non-cholinergic systems. (lml.com.ly)

We used whole-cell patch-clamp recordings in in vitro rat brain slices to investigate the effect of adenosine on identified cholinergic and noncholinergic neurons of the magnocellular preoptic nucleus and substantia innominata. (nih.gov)
Blocking the H-current with ZD7288 (20 microM) abolished adenosine effects on these neurons. (nih.gov)
These results demonstrate that, in the magnocellular preoptic nucleus and substantia innominata region of the basal forebrain, adenosine inhibits both cholinergic neurons and a subset of noncholinergic neurons. (nih.gov)
The pathological hallmarks of AD, consistently demonstrated in brain tissue of patients, are extracellular amyloid-β (Aβ plaques, intracellular neurofibrillary tangles of tau protein and a profound loss of mainly cholinergic and glutamatergic synapses and ultimatively neurons. (uni-wuerzburg.de)

Selectivity is important on both counts: Non-specific muscarinic receptor agonists can produce side effects due to peripheral cholinergic effects including gastrointestinal disturbances, changes in blood pressure, and excessive sweating. (alzforum.org)
INDICATIONS AND USAGE---------VUITY is a cholinergic muscarinic receptor agonist indicated for thetreatment of presbyopia in adults. (khannainstitute.com)

Their work, published in the March 24 Journal of Neuroscience, offers support for the ongoing development of M1-selective agonists as modulators of amyloid load. (alzforum.org)
A selective nicotinic cholinergic agonist used as a research tool. (nih.gov)

Beta-agonists, corticosteroids, and theophylline are mainstays in the treatment of status asthmaticus. (medscape.com)
Corticosteroids act in both ocular MG and generalized MG. They can be combined with other immunosuppressive medications for better effect with lesser dose and shorter duration of administration. (medscape.com)
It is interesting to note that, except for anticonvulsants, benzodiazepine receptor agonists, and corticosteroids, most drugs can be safely tapered over a 4-to-6-week period. (cdc.gov)

The present study used pharmacological magnetic resonance imaging (phMRI) to evaluate the dose -dependent effect of GAT107 on brain activity in awake male rats . (bvsalud.org)
1. The effect of ambient temperature (Ta) on rectal temperature (Tr) of rats during rest and physical exercise and of antipyretics on exercise-induced hyperthermia in rats and rabbits has been investigated. (ijp-online.com)
A multigeneration study to ascertain the toxicological effects of Great Lakes salmon fed to rats: Study overview and design. (cdc.gov)
1997. Congener-specific effects of maternal PCB exposure on functional plasticity in cortical and hippocampal slices of rats. (cdc.gov)

Muscarine competes with acetylcholine at cholinergic receptor binding sites, leading to excessive stimulation of postganglionic cholinergic fibers and the subsequent observed clinical signs (cholinergic excess). (msdvetmanual.com)

Application of the A1 receptor antagonist 8-cyclo-pentyl-theophylline (200 nM) blocked the effects of adenosine. (nih.gov)
Ketamine, an antagonist at the N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA) receptor, produces rapid antidepressant effects with low, subanesthetic doses of 0.5 mg/kg administered IV over 40 minutes. (uspharmacist.com)
We suggest that spectral analysis can be used for quantifying the complex dose-dependent cholinergic agonist-antagonist interactions, and may help to disclose an asymptomatic low-dose intoxication with acetylcholinesterase inhibitors. (biu.ac.il)

See Table 22-4 in BCSC Section 6, Pediatric Ophthalmology and Strabismus, for a comparison of systemic and ocular adverse effects of glaucoma medications in children. (aao.org)
The risk of adverse effects can also be diminished with occlusion of the nasolacrimal drainage system for 2 to 5 minutes after administration and use of the lowest effective dose (eg, timolol 0.25% or levobunolol 0.25% as opposed to 0.5%), particularly for young children. (aao.org)
Topical use of dorzolamide or brinzolamide has a minimal risk of systemic adverse effects and is an excellent first-line therapy. (aao.org)
Systemic CAIs (acetazolamide and methazolamide) provide slightly more IOP lowering than the topical preparations but are associated with numerous systemic adverse effects, including anorexia, diarrhea, weight loss, paresthesia, hypokalemia, risk of sickle cell crisis in patients with sickle cell anemia, and metabolic acidosis, which can affect bone growth. (aao.org)
Children using other diuretics are particularly at risk for these adverse effects. (aao.org)
Because of the risk of these adverse effects and of rare but life-threatening reactions such as Stevens-Johnson syndrome and aplastic anemia, systemic CAIs are reserved for patients at great risk of vision loss due to highly elevated IOP. (aao.org)
These results suggest that the adverse effects of THC were related either to THC accumulation or to cannabinoid receptor activation and associated with IL-6 upregulation. (unige.ch)
Significant hemodynamic and psychiatric adverse effects are seen with the use of ketamine, and its potential for abuse has also raised questions. (uspharmacist.com)
Adverse effects of these medications must be considered in assessment of the clinical picture. (medscape.com)
MG does not affect all skeletal muscles similarly, and all symptoms may not be controllable without adverse effects. (medscape.com)
It should be used only at bedtime, and patients need close monitoring for cholinergic adverse effects. (medscape.com)

Studies in the presence of l-NAME confirmed the effect of the ghrelin agonists on cholinergic excitatory motor responses. (wikigenes.org)
GABA A α5 inverse agonists) or elevate excitatory tone (e.g., glycine transporter inhibitors) offer novel approaches for treating diseases such as schizophrenia, AD and Down syndrome. (sri.com)

However, the neuronal phenotype mediating these effects is unknown. (nih.gov)
Adenosine (0.5-100 microM) reduced the magnocellular preoptic nucleus and substantia innominata cholinergic neuronal firing rate by activating an inwardly rectifying potassium current that reversed at -82 mV and was blocked by barium (100 microM). (nih.gov)
As in AD patients a loss of mainly cholinergic and glutamatergic synapses is obvious, these validated forms of LTP were used to study drugs potentially being able to enhance cholinergic and/or glutamatergic neuronal functions. (uni-wuerzburg.de)

Mild to excessive cholinergic stimulation can result in salivation, lacrimation, urination, diarrhea, dyspnea, and emesis (the acronym SLUDDE is often used as a mnemonic for these parts of the cholinergic toxidrome). (msdvetmanual.com)

Antidepressants were compared for their behavioural effects in some animal models of depression. (ijp-online.com)

A Randomized Trial Directly Comparing Ventral Capsule and Anteromedial Subthalamic Nucleus Stimulation in Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder: Clinical and Imaging Evidence for Dissociable Effects. (neurotree.org)
4. While the majority of the ACh-sensitive cells responded to both classes of cholinergic agonist, 29% responded exclusively to nicotinic stimulation and 9% responded exclusively to muscarinic stimulation. (ox.ac.uk)

Tricyclic antidepressants (TCAs) may (1) have peripheral alpha-adrenergic and central anticholinergic effects, (2) suppress bladder contractions, and (3) enhance bladder neck resistance. (medscape.com)
Its cholinergic effects are therefore peripheral. (msdvetmanual.com)

Cholinesterase inhibitors may have vagotonic effects on the sinoatrial and atrioventricular nodes manifesting as bradycardia or heart block ( 5.2 ). (nih.gov)
Like other cholinesterase inhibitors, it decreases the metabolism of ACh, increasing the cholinergic effect at the NMJ. (medscape.com)

The same effects like for the PDE9A inhibitor were observed for the α7 nicotinic acetylcholinergic receptor partial agonist SSR180711 (chapter 4), which interferes with both, cholinergic and glutamatergic function. (uni-wuerzburg.de)
Thus, drugs facilitating glutamatergic function or both glutamatergic and cholinergic function seem to be more efficacious in enhancing LTP than drugs facilitating solely cholinergic function. (uni-wuerzburg.de)

Asthma: Choline esters (muscarinic agonists) can produce bronchoconstriction. (pharmacology2000.com)

At low amounts, it has a mild analgesic effect. (wikipedia.org)
An unintended effect of these bans, especially the infamous EU ban of 91-130 AT (2060-2099 c.e.) was the growth of tobacco mafias , illegal organisations exploiting the relatively mild punishments for tobacco smuggling, the intense demand and the growing influence of the smoking associations . (orionsarm.com)

Effects of polychlorinated biphenyls on dopamine release from PC12 cells. (cdc.gov)
Current drug treatments restore the lost dopamine, while initially efficacious, the beneficial effects wear off resulting in severe side effects. (lu.se)

A synergistic effect may be expected with concomitant administration of succinylcholine, similar neuromuscular blocking agents, or cholinergic agonists ( 7.2 ). (nih.gov)

The role of cholinergic systems in the expression of morphine withdrawal. (lml.com.ly)

Muscarine is structurally similar to acetylcholine, a cholinergic neurotransmitter. (msdvetmanual.com)

Ephedrine and Pseudo-Ephedrine are referred to as mixed acting drugs because they exhibit both antagonistic and stimulatory effects on their receptor simultaneously. (proprofs.com)
A validated computerized battery of neuropsychological and neurophysiological tests is used to study pharmacodynamic effects on the central nervous system of newly developed drugs in early phase development. (jove.com)
To demonstrate the test battery, the acute effects of mecamylamine and the reversal of these effects by two agonist drugs are described. (jove.com)
The effects of two drugs exclusively interfering with cholinergic function on LTP were tested: the α4β2 nicotinic acetylcholinergic receptor agonist TC-1827 (chapter 4) and the acetylcholine esterase inhibitor donepezil (chapter 5). (uni-wuerzburg.de)

The purpose of this study was to investigate the acute effects of traffic-related pollution on lung function among children with asthma. (ersjournals.com)

Our results show that GAT107 can be a useful molecule for harnessing the cholinergic anti-inflammatory pathway for long-lasting and wide-ranging modulation and downregulation of neuroinflammation in EAE. (listlabs.com)

1991. Effects of polychlorinated biphenyls with Ah receptor affinity on lymphoid development in the thymus and the bursa of Fabricius on chick embryos in ovo and in mouse thymus anlagen in vitro . (cdc.gov)

Inhibits MEK-1 and MEK-2 (IC 50 values of 0.07 and 0.06 μ M respectively) with little or no effect on the activities of PKC, Abl, Raf, MEKK, ERK, JNK, MKK-3, MKK-4/SEK, MKK-6, Cdk2 or Cdk4. (rndsystems.com)

Peptic ulcer: Choline esters (muscarinic agonists), by increasing gastric acid secretion, may exacerbate ulcer symptoms. (pharmacology2000.com)

8 Ketamine has generated significant interest in the treatment of MDD, bipolar depression, and in depression with suicidal ideation after the publication of a number of studies demonstrating its rapid-acting antidepressant effect following low IV doses. (uspharmacist.com)

Alpha 7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (α7nAChR) agonists have been developed to treat schizophrenia but failed in clinical trials due to rapid desensitization. (bvsalud.org)
Optimized clinical test batteries are critical to detect drug-induced cognitive effects. (sri.com)
Diagnosis is based on a history of mushroom ingestion, identification of suspected mushroom, consistent clinical signs (cholinergic toxidrome), and response to treatment. (msdvetmanual.com)
The few articles that describe correlations between seizures and chemical exposure(s) usually focus on clinical effects rather than underlying pathophysiological mechanisms. (benthamscience.com)
Until more recently, the effects of exposure to chemical warfare agents were a remote area of clinical practice, which concerned military specialists, microbiologists, and toxicologists. (benthamscience.com)

Although millions of people with schizophrenia live in betel chewing regions, the effects of betel chewing on their symptoms are unknown. (cambridge.org)
Our principal hypothesis is that the muscarinic action of betel nut may exert a beneficial effect on the symptoms of people with schizophrenia. (cambridge.org)

We studied the effects of between-day changes in air pollution and tested a relatively unique hypothesis that acute change in lung function within a day, between morning and evening (diurnal change), was associated with fine particulate concentrations on the same day. (ersjournals.com)

Along with difficulty falling asleep at night (see below), loss of appetite is the most common side effect of stimulant meds. (additudemag.com)
For some kids, difficulty falling asleep is truly a side effect of stimulant medication. (additudemag.com)

Prostaglandin analogues have minimal systemic side effects and are dosed once daily. (aao.org)
What Are Side Effects of Geodon? (rxlist.com)
This is not a complete list of side effects, and others may occur. (rxlist.com)
This document does not contain all possible side effects and others may occur. (rxlist.com)
Check with your physician for additional information about side effects. (rxlist.com)
Our Geodon Side Effects Drug Center provides a comprehensive view of available drug information on the potential side effects when taking this medication. (rxlist.com)
The strength has been decreased to lessen the side effects and a compound added to make the stinging more tolerable.Now for some medical jargon. (khannainstitute.com)
Side Effects---------- Headache and redness of the conjunctiva are the most common side effect of vuity eye drops. (khannainstitute.com)
How Do I Manage Medication Side Effects? (additudemag.com)
Common side effects of ADHD medication include sleeplessness, loss of appetite, and tics - problems that no child should have to tolerate. (additudemag.com)
But ADHD medications can also make things worse and cause severe side effects, including headaches, sleep problems, and a blunted appetite. (additudemag.com)
Some people (including more than a few doctors) seem to assume that ADHD medication side effects are merely the price to pay for taking a prescription. (additudemag.com)
No one should have to put up with side effects of ADHD meds. (additudemag.com)
In this article, I'll explain the strategies that I've found particularly effective at controlling ADHD medication side effects in children - which, by the way, also work for adults with ADHD . (additudemag.com)
What Are the ADHD Medication Side Effects for Stimulants? (additudemag.com)
Methylphenidate ( Ritalin ), dextro-amphetamine ( Dexedrine, Evekeo ), and dextro-amphetamine/levo-amphetamine (Adderall, Adzenys) have similar side-effect profiles, and the strategies that curb side effects for one medication generally work for the other two, as well. (additudemag.com)

Hyoscine (0.2-20 mg/kg) exhibited a biphasic effect on withdrawal jumping. (lml.com.ly)

In the absence of adequate autophagy, the toxic effects of IAPP deposits induces endoplasmic reticulum stress that kills beta cells and can, in that way, lead to type II diabetes. (life-enhancement.com)

GAT107 presented with an inverted-U dose response curve with the 3 mg/kg dose having the greatest effect on the positive BOLD volume of activation. (bvsalud.org)
Therefore, in the present study, we investigated the effect of GAT107 on neuroinflammation in EAE, the animal model used for the study of multiple sclerosis (MS) via α7 nAChR, and the inflammatory pathways involved. (listlabs.com)

Emotions, experienced in higher brain centers, may exert downstream effects on the PMC, which is why some people can experience incontinence with excitment or fear. (medscape.com)

In this review, we made an attempt to clearly describe the beneficial effects of various types of berries as promising neuroprotective agents. (lww.com)

Any medication that increases the activity of the AChRs can have an effect on MG. (medscape.com)
[ 15 ] This can be due to effects of medication, immobility, and blunted urge to defecate. (medscape.com)

Anatomy17

Organisms6

Diseases1

Chemicals and Drugs88

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment6

Psychiatry and Psychology1

Phenomena and Processes12

Disciplines and Occupations1

Antagonists3

Receptors8

Nicotine4

Crosses the blood-brain b1

Carbachol1

Beta-agonist2

Allosteric modulator3

Atropine2

Neurons4

Muscarinic receptor2

Selective2

Corticosteroids3

Rats4

Fibers1

Antagonist3

Adverse11

Excitatory2

Neuronal3

Salivation1

Behavioural1

Stimulation2

Peripheral2

Inhibitors2

Glutamatergic2

Bronchoconstriction1

Mild2

Dopamine2

Neuromuscular1

Morphine1

Muscarine1

Drugs4

Asthma1

Pathway1

Receptor affinity1

Inhibits1

Gastric1

Antidepressant1

Clinical5

Schizophrenia2

Acute1

Stimulant2

Side effects16

Withdrawal1

Induces1

GAT1072

Exert1

Agents1

Medication2