Effects of aflatoxin aflatoxin b1. Medical search. Frequent questions

Aflatoxin B1 is an aflatoxin produced by Aspergillus flavus and A. parasiticus. (wikipedia.org)
While toxicity of its products, aflatoxins, are explored throughout this article, Aspergillus flavus itself also exerts pathogenic effects through aspergillosis, or infection with the mold. (wikipedia.org)
This review considers how AFB 1 produced by Aspergillus flavus and Aspergillus parasiticus strains can affect the immune system, antioxidant defense system, digestive system, and reproductive system in poultry, as well as its effects on productivity and reproductive performance. (momsagainstmold.com)
associated with cashew from the regions of Riyadh, Dammam, and Abha were isolated and three different culture media were used to qualitatively measure aflatoxin production by Aspergillus via UV light (365 nm), which was expressed as positive or negative. (hindawi.com)
The aflatoxins are a group of chemically similar toxic fungal metabolites (mycotoxins) produced by genus Aspergillus . (hindawi.com)
The aims of the recent study were therefore to evaluate the effect of essential oils on the dry weight and aflatoxin production by Aspergillus spp. (hindawi.com)
Aspergillus nomius is a potent producer of aflatoxins B and G and is one of the most common species of fungi found in Brazil nuts. (researchgate.net)
Therefore, assessment of the response of aflatoxigenic species to different temperatures is important to add information about the understanding of aflatoxin production by Aspergillus nomius and may help in the development of new strategies to prevent aflatoxin contamination. (researchgate.net)
Aflatoxins are mycotoxins produced by fungi of the genus Aspergillus. (usp.br)
Aspergillus -derived mycotoxins, including aflatoxins and ochratoxin A, and fumonisins (members of the fusariotoxin group) can cause pathological damage to vital organs, including the kidney or liver. (frontiersin.org)
The effect of certain food additives on aflatoxin production by Aspergillus parasiticus has been studied in vitro. (nih.gov)
Aspergillus flavus and A. parasiticus produce the aflatoxins B1, B2, G1 and G2, but A. ochraceus together with Penicillium viridicatum and P. cyclopium synthesize ochratoxin A (OTA). (cabi.org)
Aflatoxins are a type of mycotoxin produced by Aspergillus species of fungi, such as A. flavus and A. parasiticus . (pediaa.com)
Mycotoxins refer to a toxic secondary metabolite produced by organisms of the kingdom Fungi and is capable of causing disease and death in both humans and other animals while aflatoxins refer to various poisonous carcinogens and mutagens that are produced by certain molds, particularly Aspergillus species. (pediaa.com)
Aspergillus produces aflatoxins. (pediaa.com)

Aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) and Fumonisin B1 (FB1), potentially cytotoxic and carcinogenic mycotoxins are common contaminants of agricultural commodities in South Africa and thus could be detrimental to the human immune system. (ukzn.ac.za)
Corn (maize, Zea mays ) is susceptible to contamination with aflatoxins, fumonisins and other mycotoxins, particularly in the southeastern USA. (erudit.org)
A large proportion (69%) of the imported foods tested in this study were contaminated with one or several mycotoxins, including zearalenone, deoxynivalenol, and aflatoxins. (usda.gov)
To elucidate the role of mycotoxins in these effects, we used FG mutants with disrupted synthesis of nivalenol (NIV) and deoxynivalenol (DON) and a FV mutant with disrupted synthesis of fumonisins to monitor fungal growth in mixed cultures in vitro and in co-infected plants by real-time PCR. (usda.gov)
The Committee evaluated the following eight mycotoxins that contaminate food: aflatoxin M1, fumonisins B1, B2 and B3, ochratoxin A, and the trichothecenes deoxynivalenol and T-2 and HT-2 toxins. (who.int)
Some of them were found to have a high content of flavonoids and to ameliorate gamma-radiation-induced lesions or to protect against deleterious effects of some mycotoxins. (europa.eu)
Mycotoxins induce adverse effects in humans and other vertebrate animals. (cabi.org)
Most mycotoxins found in the U.S. are Aflatoxins. (altmednetwork.net)
Now more than ever the potential health effects of Mycotoxins are being given serious consideration due to their potential health hazards. (altmednetwork.net)
Some mycotoxins are potent carcinogenics, some are vasoactive, and some penetrate the blood-brain barrier to cause Central Nervous System (CNS) effect. (altmednetwork.net)
The objectives of the second phase and new proposed ones, include: 1.To establish a means to estimate a farm er's exposure to airborne aflatoxin (and other mycotoxins) based on its measurement in bulk corn. (cdc.gov)
This correlation will greatly extend the utility of future bulk grain surveys for aflatoxin, and it can potentially increase the interest of farm ers individually and collectively to the content of aflatoxin or other mycotoxins in their grains because of their repeated and frequent exposure. (cdc.gov)
The long-term objective of this project is to establish the statistical data and exposure model needed to initiate or participate in an epidemiologic assessment of the occupational risk to farm ers resulting from their exposure to aflatoxin B1 and other mycotoxins in grain dust. (cdc.gov)
The main difference between mycotoxins and aflatoxins is that mycotoxins are toxic substances produced by fungi whereas aflatoxins are a type of mycotoxin, genotoxic, and cause DNA damage and cause cancer. (pediaa.com)
So, briefly, both mycotoxins and aflatoxins are two types of toxins in fungi . (pediaa.com)
Mycotoxins and aflatoxins are two types of toxic substances produced by fungi. (pediaa.com)
Usually, mycotoxins are toxic secondary metabolites of fungi while aflatoxins are a type of mycotoxins. (pediaa.com)
Mycotoxins can be poisonous, carcinogenic, and mutagenic while aflatoxins are carcinogenic and can cause liver cancer. (pediaa.com)
In brief, mycotoxins and aflatoxins are two types of poisonous substances in fungi. (pediaa.com)
The submitted samples were analyzed for the following emerging mycotoxins: enniatin A/A1, enniatin B/B1, beauvericin, moniliformin and alternariol. (knowmycotoxins.com)
Next to the emerging mycotoxins, fusaric acid, fumonisins (mainly represented by fumonisin B1), type B trichothecenes (mainly represented by deoxynivalenol), type A trichothecenes (mainly represented by T-2 toxin), and zearalenone were other highly present mycotoxin groups in the tested feed ingredient samples. (knowmycotoxins.com)

Many of the cytotoxic effects of AFB1 require its bioactivation to an epoxide, which will bind covalently to macromolecules to form protein and DNA adducts. (ukzn.ac.za)
The cytotoxic effects of AFB1 and FB1 on normal human lymphocytes, individually and in combination were assessed using the methylthiazol tetrazolium (MTT) bioassay. (ukzn.ac.za)
In the combination treatment, the mitogenic properties of FB1 appeared to partially counteract the cytotoxic effect exerted by AFB1. (ukzn.ac.za)
Aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) induces lipid peroxidation and mortality in bovine foetal hepatocyte -derived cells (BFH12), with underlying transcriptional perturbations associated mainly with cancer , cellular damage, inflammation , bioactivation, and detoxification pathways. (bvsalud.org)
This study provides new knowledge about key molecular mechanisms involved in QUE-mediated protection against AFB1 toxicity and encourages in vivo studies to assess QUE's bioavailability and beneficial effects on aflatoxicosis. (bvsalud.org)
A Aflatoxina B1 (AFB1) é a toxina sintetizada mais abundantemente e a que apresenta o maior poder toxigênico, sendo capaz de induzir carcinoma hepatocelular (CHC) em humanos. (usp.br)
Aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) is the toxin most abundantly synthesized and the one with the highest toxigenic power, being able to induce hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in humans. (usp.br)
It is concluded, therefore, that ArtinM has a protective effect during the process of hepatocarcinogenesis induced by AFB1. (usp.br)
As mycotoxin contamination is a critical factor that destabilizes global food safety, the current review provides an updated overview of the (co-)occurrence of A. flavus and F. verticillioides and (co-)contamination of aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) and fumonisin B1 (FB1) in maize. (usda.gov)
Submitter supplied) Chronic exposure to aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) has, in certain regions in the world, been strongly associated with the development of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). (nih.gov)
Turmeric and curcumin were also found to reverse the aflatoxin induced liver damage produced by feeding aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) (5 micrograms/day per 14 days) to ducklings. (nih.gov)
Aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) is the most genotoxic hepatocarcinogenic compound of all of the aflatoxins. (edu.mx)
HBV demonstrates the ability to integrate and bind to p53 protein in the host DNA and propagate hepatocyte vulnerability through carcinogenic aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) damage. (bvsalud.org)
Aflatoxin M1 (AFM1) appears in milk and dairy products, as a result results, improper follow-ups or even lack of further investigation on of ingestion of contaminated feed with aflatoxin B1 (AFB1). (cdc.gov)

The liver is the most susceptible organ to aflatoxin B1 toxicity. (wikipedia.org)
Discovering the Protective Effects of Quercetin on Aflatoxin B1-Induced Toxicity in Bovine Foetal Hepatocyte-Derived Cells (BFH12). (bvsalud.org)
Aflatoxins are highly toxic compounds and can cause chronic toxicity in humans and animals. (hindawi.com)
Catalase, Glutathione Reductase, Glutathione Peroxidase and Superoxide dismutase, etc at liver and intestine tissues revealed the protective effects of some target herbs against mycotoxin-induced toxicity. (europa.eu)
Therefore, the main difference between mycotoxin and aflatoxin is their toxicity. (pediaa.com)
Anti-obesity drugs: The role of dieticians in monitoring side that AFM1 levels were detected in 100% of the samples, exceeding effects and toxicity the approved limit for milk, according to Codex Alimentarius and Norma Oficial Mexicana. (cdc.gov)

The Committee allocated a group provisional maximum tolerable daily intake of 2 µg/kg of body weight to fumonisins B1, B2 and B3, alone or in combination. (who.int)

Currently, synthetic chemicals are not used to manage mycotoxin production which cause harmful effects on consumers [ 7 ]. (hindawi.com)
These comprehensive evaluations included assessment of metabolic, toxicological and epidemiological data, availability of analytical methods for the mycotoxin in food products, sampling protocols used for regulatory control, effects of processing on concentrations of the mycotoxin, assessment of food consumption and residue data for the determination of intake, and measures that may be taken to prevent and/or control contamination. (who.int)
The assessment of the extent of Mycotoxin contamination is the essential step in reducing exposure to such toxin and their effects. (altmednetwork.net)
3. To assess the change in the aflatoxin and other mycotoxin content of the grain over time as affected by seasonal temperature and humidity, grain moisture content at storage, and grain handling history. (cdc.gov)
To investigate the primary site (foci) of aflatoxin/mycotoxin within the dust. (cdc.gov)
In contrast, aflatoxin is a type of mycotoxin that is carcinogenic. (pediaa.com)

Five commercially essential oils (thyme, garlic, cinnamon, mint, and rosemary) were tested to determine their influence on growth and aflatoxin production in A. flavus and A. parasiticus by performing high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). (hindawi.com)
The results showed that the tested essential oils caused highly significant inhibition of fungal growth and aflatoxin production in A. flavus and A. parasiticus . (hindawi.com)
The extent of the inhibition of fungal growth and aflatoxin production was dependent on the type and concentration of essential oils applied. (hindawi.com)
The method allows small amounts of compounds to be tested for effect on the growth and aflatoxin production of the fungus. (usda.gov)

Occupational exposure to aflatoxin B1 has also been reported in swine and poultry production. (wikipedia.org)
Assessment of occupational exposure to aflatoxin. (cdc.gov)

Several sampling and analytical methods including thin-layer chromatography (TLC), high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), mass spectrometry, and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), among others, have been used to test for aflatoxin B1 contamination in foods. (wikipedia.org)
While aflatoxin B1 contamination is common in many staple foods, its production is maximized in foods stored in hot, humid climates. (wikipedia.org)
Six experimental diets were prepared to contain various levels of AFLB 1 based on survey results to determine the effects of such contamination in pre-adult shrimp Penaeus monodon (17.5 ± 0.6 g). (seafdec.org)
The mid-April planting date resulted in lower aflatoxin contamination in harvested corn each yr and in significantly less frequent contamination above a regulatory action level in 2005 and overall than did the early-May planting date in both Bt and non-Bt corn. (erudit.org)
Reduced aflatoxin and fumonisin contamination with mid-April planting could not be explained by any measure of heat stress during the kernel-filling period. (erudit.org)
En principe, la contamination par les mycotoxines pourrait être diminuée chez les hybrides commerciaux de maïs par des saisons de croissance plus courtes en plantant à des dates qui minimisent le stress sur les plantes au moment de la période critique du remplissage des grains. (erudit.org)
De même, la contamination supérieure aux niveaux légalement acceptés a été moindre en 2005 et dans l'ensemble pour les semis de la mi-avril. (erudit.org)
Aflatoxin M1 contamination in different types of milk: A risk for genotoxic effects is evaluated after considering ADME data. (cdc.gov)

The toxins appeared to exert a greater cytotoxic effect, when treated in combination than individually at higher concentrations. (ukzn.ac.za)
Aflatoxin B1 induced increased levels of apoptosis and necrosis in isolated lymphocytes while treatment with the FB1 resulted in increased levels of apoptosis at both concentrations. (ukzn.ac.za)
Maximum concentrations of total aflatoxin and B1 were detected in nuts stored at 97% r.h. and at temperatures of 25-30 °C. Shelled half-nuts contained the highest total (6817 ng/g) and B1 (4483 ng/g) aflatoxin. (researchgate.net)
WIS nuts contained the least total and B1 toxin with maximum concentrations of 93 and 49 ng/g, respectively. (researchgate.net)
Extracts of turmeric (Curcuma longa), garlic (Allium sativum) and asafoetida (Ferula asafoetida) inhibited the aflatoxin production considerably (more than 90%) at concentrations of 5-10 mg/ml. (nih.gov)
Concentrations of aflatoxins in maize and groundnuts regularly exceed safety threshold limits. (cabi.org)

Ochratoxin A is nephrotoxic and causes carcinogenic effects in the kidney. (who.int)
2.To identify and quantify other natural toxins such as fumonisin, ochratoxin, and vomitoxin which may be detectable during the course of aflatoxins analysis in grain and grain dust in these same on- farm activities and geographic areas. (cdc.gov)

The presence of aflatoxin B 1 (AFB 1 ) in poultry diets decreases the hatchability, hatchling weight, growth rate, meat and egg production, meat and egg quality, vaccination efficiency, as well as impairing the feed conversion ratio and increasing the susceptibility of birds to disease and mortality. (momsagainstmold.com)
Total aflatoxin (B1+B2+G1+G2+M1) was analyzed using an immunoassay technique while the presence of aflatoxin was confirmed using thin-layer chromatography. (researchgate.net)

Effects of Dietary Butylated Hydroxytoluene on Aflatoxin B1-Relevant P" by P. J. Klein, T. R. Van Vleet et al. (usu.edu)
Effects of Dietary Butylated Hydroxytoluene on Aflatoxin B1-Relevant Phase I and Phase II Metabolic Enzymes in Turkeys. (usu.edu)
According to the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO), a division of the United Nations, the worldwide maximum tolerated levels of aflatoxin B1 was reported to be in the range of 1-20 μg/kg (or .001 ppm - 1 part-per-billion) in food, and 5-50 μg/kg (.005 ppm) in dietary cattle feed in 2003. (wikipedia.org)
1982 . Inhibition of aflatoxin-initiated preneoplastic liver lesions by low dietary protein. (ametsoc.org)
1987 . Dietary protein level and aflatoxin B 1 -induced preneoplastic hepatic lesions in the rat. (ametsoc.org)
Experiments were undertaken to define the binding of a chemical carcinogen, aflatoxin B 1 , to dietary fiber preparations (neutral detergent fiber, acid detergent fiber, acetone fiber and lignin). (tennessee.edu)
The results of this study indicated dietary fiber from different plant sources has the ability to bind aflatoxin B 1 in a stable complex. (tennessee.edu)
This major drawback of dietary agents may be due to one or many of the several factors like poor solubility, inefficient permeability, instability due to storage of food, first pass effect and GI degradation. (nutrimedical.com)
Cervantes-Valencia ME, Alcalá-Canto Y, Sumano-Lopez H, Ducoing-Watty AM, Gutierrez-Olvera L (2016) Effects of Curcuma longa dietary inclusion against Eimeria spp. (springer.com)
Such protective effects were seen for naturally occurring dietary ingredients, mainly containing flavonoids. (europa.eu)
Supplementation with SCC before meals substantially decreased a urinary biomarker of aflatoxin-induced DNA damage in a Chinese population at high risk of liver cancer due to unavoidable, dietary aflatoxin exposure from moldy grains and legumes . (oregonstate.edu)
Scientists are hopeful that SCC supplementation will be helpful in decreasing the risk of liver cancer in high-risk populations with unavoidable, dietary aflatoxin exposure. (oregonstate.edu)
However, it is not yet known whether SCC or natural chlorophylls will be useful in the prevention of cancers in people who are not exposed to significant levels of dietary aflatoxin. (oregonstate.edu)
In Sweden, as well as many other countries, acylglycerol lipase inhibitor that works in the intestinal lumen to occupational exposure limits (OELs) are presented as an impor- reduce dietary fat absorption produces gastrointestinal side effects tant tool for managing chemical risks. (cdc.gov)
The more typical form of hepatocellular carcinoma is often associated with active hepatic inflammation, hepatitis B or C viral infection, alcohol-related liver disease, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), cirrhosis from any other cause, or dietary aflatoxin B1. (medscape.com)

From this point on the biosynthetic pathway of aflatoxin B1 becomes much more complicated, with several major skeletal changes. (wikipedia.org)
PCR was used with four sets of primer pairs for nor-1, omt-1, ver-1 , and aflR genes, enclosed in the aflatoxin biosynthetic pathway. (hindawi.com)

Aflatoxin B 1 is toxic metabolites of Aspergilus flavas and Aspergilus parasiticus which usually contaminates foods such peanuts, corn, and other grains as well as animal feeds resulting into intoxication. (ums.ac.id)
The obtained data showed that six isolates of A. flavus and four isolates of A. parasiticus were positive for aflatoxin production, while all isolates of A. niger were negative. (hindawi.com)

Nevertheless, in toxicological classification, aflatoxin B1 has been designated as a group 1 carcinogen, specifically implicated in liver, lung and gallbladder malignancy. (cabi.org)
Usually, it is a carcinogen and can generate adverse effects such as liver cancer. (pediaa.com)

Yamauchi, Keiko Abstract: Immunomodulatory effects of 14-member macrolides, namely erythromycin (EM) and clarithromycin (CAM), have been reported in chronic respiratory infectious diseases. (tu-dortmund.de)

2016). Temperature is a key environmental factor that may favor the growth of these fungi and aflatoxin production (Arrus et al. (researchgate.net)

The cytotoxic effects of aflatoxin B1 and fumonisin B1 on cultured human cells. (ukzn.ac.za)
Fumonisin B1 is a competitive inhibitor of sphingosine and sphinganine N aceyltransferase, which are key components in the pathways for sphingolipid biosynthesis. (ukzn.ac.za)
Effects of prolonged intoxication of aflatoxin B1 and fumonisin B1 in laying Japanese. (usp.br)
The first funded phase (Phase I), involved laboratory method development and optimization for the analysis of aflatoxin B1 and other toxins (particularly fumonisin B1) in small airborne grain dust samples. (cdc.gov)

Aflatoxin B1 is considered the most toxic aflatoxin and it is highly implicated in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in humans. (wikipedia.org)
There are four kinds of aflatoxins (B1, B2, G1, and G2) whereas aflatoxin B1 is the toxic kind. (hindawi.com)
For many years, several studies have been employing lectin from vegetables in order to prove its toxic effect on various cell lines. (edu.mx)
Here, the most toxic aflatoxin is the aflatoxin B1. (pediaa.com)

In animal studies, pathological lesions associated with aflatoxin B1 intoxication include reduction in weight of liver, vacuolation of hepatocytes, and hepatic carcinoma. (wikipedia.org)

Overall, increasing the relative humidity and temperature during storage resulted in an increase in aflatoxin and these were shown to be the most significant variables influencing toxin production in Brazil nuts. (researchgate.net)

In Vivo Toxicological and Histopathological Effects Of Aflatoxin B1 Exposure and Related Risk. (ums.ac.id)
Therefore, the main objective of this research was to performed toxicological and histopathologicalanalysis of aflatoxin B 1 and related risk. (ums.ac.id)

This review of scientific publications aims to establish the detrimental effects of aflatoxin-contaminated foods and highlights the correlation between aflatoxin and hepatitis B viral-associated hepatocellular carcinoma. (bvsalud.org)

Aflatoxins are a group of naturally-occurring carcinogens that are known to contaminate different human and animal foodstuffs. (edu.mx)

citation needed] In animals, aflatoxin B1 has also been shown to be mutagenic, teratogenic, and to cause immunosuppression. (wikipedia.org)

For example, foodborne aflatoxins may enhance the carcinogenic potential of hepatitis B virus. (cabi.org)
Chronic hepatitis B infection, caused by the hepatitis B virus (HBV) and exposure to aflatoxins is fundamental in the formation of HCC in developing countries. (bvsalud.org)

Isolates were subsequently screened for aflatoxin production using yeast extract sucrose medium. (researchgate.net)

A new method for growing a fungus that produces aflatoxins in preharvest corn has been developed. (usda.gov)

The later portion of Phase I involved pilot-testing the analysis of field samples of bulk corn and airborne dust to establish a correlation between the level of aflatoxin in the dust from these processed bulk corn samples and simultaneously collected air samples. (cdc.gov)
The effect of this history upon the correlation of aflatoxin in prepared bulk and airborne samples will also be examined.4. (cdc.gov)

Effects of prenatal aflatoxin B1 exposure on behaviors of rat offspring. (bvsalud.org)
Weaver IC, Meaney MJ, Szyf M. Maternal care effects on the hippocampal transcriptome and anxiety-mediated behaviors in the offspring that are reversible in adulthood. (who.int)

Many factors are influencing aflatoxin production during storage such as moisture, storage temperature, availability of oxygen, and lipids content [ 5 ]. (hindawi.com)
Many approaches investigated to manage aflatoxin production using essential oils [ 8 - 12 ]. (hindawi.com)
Results of this study indicate that the limiting moisture content and aW values required to control aflatoxin production () in SW and WIS stored at 30 °C for up to 60 d are 4.5, 0.68, 5.0, and 0.75, respectively. (researchgate.net)
Temperature is considered a major abiotic factor that influences fungal colonization and aflatoxin production in nuts during pre- and post-harvest. (researchgate.net)
Effects of diet supplementation with organic trace minerals on production and egg. (usp.br)
The method has been used in studies to assess the effect of variations in culture conditions on production of aflatoxin B1 (AFT). (usda.gov)
Curcumin, the antioxidant principle from Curcuma longa did not have any effect on aflatoxin production. (nih.gov)

Curcumin has a protective effect on experimentally induced inflammation, hepatotoxicity and cardiotoxicity in rats. (greenmedinfo.com)
In this study, we aimed to investigate the effects of febuxostat, a novel inhibitor of xanthine oxidase (XO), on renal damage in streptozotocin- (STZ-) induced diabetic rats. (hindawi.com)
Febuxostat significantly attenuated renal damage in STZ-induced diabetic rats in addition to exerting hypouricemic effect. (hindawi.com)
Some of the renal protective effects of Fx were clarified in animal models with diabetes, such as db/db mice [ 8 ] and diabetic Zucker rats [ 9 ]. (hindawi.com)
In the present study, we investigated the effects of Fx on renal injury in STZ-induced diabetic rats with the aim to search novel therapeutic method for DKD. (hindawi.com)
AIM: To investigate the effects of vitamins (A, C and E) on liver injury induced by ethanol administration during liver regeneration in rats. (edu.mx)

establish mechanisms of action by studying the effects of the same chemicals in experimental animals and on human cells in vitro, allowing for a better prediction of human carcinogenicity and assessment of carcinogenic mechanisms. (who.int)

Nutritional factors can offset the effects of AFB 1 in poultry and, thus, it is necessary to identify and select suitable additives to address the problems caused by AFB 1 in poultry. (momsagainstmold.com)

Uncommon side effects that have been reported include severe rash, liver damage, and severe allergic reactions. (webmd.com)

Studies have also shown that ellagic acid may protect against chromosome damage and reduce the effects of chemically induced hepatic structural degeneration. (nutrimedical.com)

Some herbs from South Africa and India were studied for their biological activity and protective effects using various cell lines or animal modells. (europa.eu)

The concomitant adverse effects resulting from the employment of synthetic drugs and chemicals have led to the discovery and implementation of efficacious nutraceuticals against diverse diseases. (nature.com)
Given the sensitivity of -omic analyses, low- dose adverse effects could also be observed and distinguished from high dose phenomena, and if exposures were accurately assessed, dose-response data could be incorporated into risk assessments. (who.int)

Aflatoxins may be present in a wide range of many food commodities, as nuts [ 4 ]. (hindawi.com)
Aflatoxin was not detected (detection limit of 1.75 ng/g) in nuts maintained at either 10 °C (97% r.h.) or at 30 °C (75% r.h.) for up to 60 d. (researchgate.net)

Moreover, the animals that eat this contaminated food can pass aflatoxin transformation products into eggs, milk products, and meat. (pediaa.com)
Chlorophyll and sodium copper chlorophyllin are able to form tight molecular complexes with certain chemicals known or suspected to cause cancer , including polyaromatic hydrocarbons found in tobacco smoke (8) , some heterocyclic amines found in cooked meat (9) , and aflatoxin-B 1 (10) . (oregonstate.edu)

Aflatoxin B1 is mostly found in contaminated food and humans are exposed to aflatoxin B1 almost entirely through their diet. (wikipedia.org)
When contaminated food is consumed, the aflatoxins enter the body through the gastrointestinal tract. (pediaa.com)

Epigenetic Alteration of the Cancer-Related Gene TGFBI in B Cells Infected with Epstein-Barr Virus and Exposed to Aflatoxin B1: Potential Role in Burkitt Lymphoma Development. (who.int)

A survey of aflatoxin B 1 (AFLB 1 ) levels in commonly used commercial shrimp finisher feeds in the Philippines showed a various range of values from not detected to 120 μg kg −1 using high-performance thin-layer chromatography. (seafdec.org)
Based on worst-case assumptions, the projected risk of liver cancer attributable to aflatoxin M1 would be very small if either of these maximum levels were implemented. (who.int)

Chlorophylls and SCC form tight molecular complexes with some chemicals known or suspected to cause cancer , and in doing so, may block carcinogenic effects. (oregonstate.edu)

It has been suggested that 14-member macrolides have immunomodulatory effects on various lung cells such as alveolar macrophages. (tu-dortmund.de)
A thorough investigation of its potential immunomodulatory effects may clarify its carcinogenicity potential. (who.int)

In the last two decades, various in vitro and in vivo studies evaluated the molecular determinants for the hepatoprotective effects of coffee. (mdpi.com)

Aflatoxins are very poisonous, and carcinogenic, and they are mutagens that cause DNA damage. (pediaa.com)

Three different media (potato dextrose agar (PDA), Czapek agar (CZ), and malt extract agar (MEA)) were used for detection of aflatoxin based on fluorescence [ 16 ]. (hindawi.com)

Our approach to this goal is to assess the effect of seasonal temperature, rainfall or humidity, and grain handling history on the distribution of aflatoxin in particles of different size in airborne dust samples. (cdc.gov)

Anatomy2

Organisms6

Diseases4

Chemicals and Drugs27

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment4

Phenomena and Processes3

Disciplines and Occupations1

Technology, Industry, Agriculture5

Health Care2

Aspergillus15

Mycotoxins21

AFB114

Toxicity6

Fumonisins1

Mycotoxin6

Growth and aflatoxin production4

Exposure to aflatoxin2

Contamination8

Concentrations6

Ochratoxin2

Presence of aflatoxin2

Dietary15

Biosynthetic pathway2

Parasiticus2

Carcinogen2

Abstract1

Fungi1

Fumonisin B14

Toxic4

Intoxication1

Toxin1

Toxicological2

Hepatocellular carcinoma1

Contaminate1

Mutagenic1

Hepatitis B vir2

Isolates1

Produces1

Correlation2

Behaviors2

Production7

Rats6

Assessment1

Poultry1

Liver damage1

Hepatic1

Protective1

Adverse effects2

Nuts2

Meat2

Contaminated food2

Gene1

Levels2

Carcinogenic effects1

Immunomodulatory effects2

Vitro1

Damage1

Detection1

Temperature1