Effector mitochondrial membrane transport proteins. Medical search. Frequent questions

Moreover, Ca2+ uptake by mitochondria is involved in shaping cellular Ca2+ dynamics by regulating the concentrations of Ca2+ within microdomains between mitochondria and sarco/endoplasmic reticulum and plasma membrane Ca2+ transporters. (nih.gov)
In vertebrates this pathway is initiated by the release of apoptosis mediators from the mitochondrial intermembrane space, when certain intracellular signals permeabilize the outer membrane of the mitochondria. (xpressbioeurope.com)
Many of these compounds reduce MMP by perturbing a variety of macromolecules in the mitochondria, and therefore affecting different mitochondrial functions. (xpressbioeurope.com)
Organelles, including the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), mitochondria, and endosomes, possess membranes that allow organelles to perform incompatible biological processes [ 1 - 3 ]. (thno.org)
Several markers of decreased mitochondrial activity during prion infection have been reported, yet the bioenergetic respiratory status of mitochondria from prion-infected animals is unknown. (bvsalud.org)
Characterization of the mitochondrial proteome of purified brain mitochondria from infected and uninfected Tg7 mice showed significant differences in the relative abundance of key mitochondrial electron transport proteins in 263K-infected animals relative to that in controls. (bvsalud.org)
A proteomic analysis of the isolated brain mitochondria from clinically affected animals showed that several proteins involved in electron transport, mitochondrial dynamics, and mitochondrial protein synthesis were dysregulated. (bvsalud.org)
The authors hypothesized that G protein-coupled receptor/inhibitory G protein (G i ) activation leads to caveolin trafficking to mitochondria. (silverchair.com)
The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and mitochondria are vital organelles regulated by adenosine monophosphate (AMP)-activated protein kinase (AMPK), especially during oxidative stress injury. (biomedcentral.com)
AMPK activation and ER stress inhibition following melatonin administration improved the mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP), reduced mitochondria-initiated oxidative damage, and ultimately suppressed apoptotic signaling pathways in BMSCs. (biomedcentral.com)
Mitochondria are organelles that respond to cell apoptosis regulatory signals by selectively releasing cytochrome C (Cyto-C) or by increasing reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and decreasing the mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP), which may further worsen ER dysfunction and enhance cell death [ 11 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Investigations into the role of mitochondria in the immune system have come to the fore, and appreciation of mitochondrial function and quality control in immune regulation has enhanced our understanding of disease pathogenesis and identified new targets for immune modulation. (nih.gov)
This mitochondria-centered Review focuses on the role of mitochondrial metabolism and fidelity, as well as the role of the mitochondria as a structural platform, for the control of immune cell polarity, activation, and signaling. (nih.gov)
However, a novel localization of G proteins at the mitochondria and other endomembranes where they regulate the physiology of these organelles has been recently demonstrated by our group. (csic.es)
We focus our attention in understanding how the G proteins control the proper balance between mitochondria fusion and fission, their dynamic movement and the mitochondrial physiology. (csic.es)
Although signaling pathways are important in the control cellular homeostasis, until recently, not much was known about the G protein signaling effects on the mitochondria. (csic.es)
Our group demonstrated the localization of Gα q subunit at the mitochondria membrane that affects mitochondrial morphology and is required for OXPHOS function. (csic.es)
This analysis identified a group of proteins involved in the process of mitophagy and others in control of the mitochondria motility, among others. (csic.es)
Alex protein is a member of the Eutherian-specific Armcx gene family localized to the mitochondria. (csic.es)
Thus, Gaq signaling could be regulating the coupling of mitochondria to actin filaments through the actin modulators like myosins, as has been proposed for transport in dendritic spines and synaptic buttons, and interaction with Miro1. (csic.es)
This project investigates whether myosins could be the missing piece to support the movement of mitochondria controlled by Gq proteins along the microtubules under the control of small patches of actin. (csic.es)
In order to prevent the expansion of damage through the mitochondrial network, damaged mitochondria are depleted through specialized form of autophagy, mitophagy. (csic.es)
Once phosphorylated/ activated, tyrosine-phosphorylated STAT3 shuttles into the nucleus and initiates stress-responsive gene transcription, 96 97 serine-phosphorylated STAT3 moves to mitochondria to regulate the mitochondrial respiratory chain 97 98 (Fig. 3). (researchgate.net)
1) The mitochondria regulate immunometabolism, which studies how the metabolism of the immune cell changes when they are activated or differentiate into effector cell, and how those metabolic changes are essential for their effector function. (uam.es)
2) During dysfunction, the mitochondria-due to their prokaryotic origin-can produce and release molecules (mitochondrial DNA, formyl peptides, etc.) that activate diverse routes of innate immune signaling, such as the NLRP3 inflammasome or the cGAS-STING pathway. (uam.es)

A major protein in this process is cytochrome c, component of the electron transport chain on the external face of the inner mitochondrial membrane. (xpressbioeurope.com)
This double membrane-bound organelle generates most adenosine triphosphate (ATP) through OXPHOS, processed by ETC embedded in the inner mitochondrial membrane (IMM). (frontiersin.org)

Covalent attachment of lipids is one of the most prevalent forms of post translational protein modification. (nih.gov)
MCS tethers are enriched with specific proteins or lipids that affect organelle function [ 5 - 8 ]. (thno.org)
Thus, proteins, RNA, and lipids from exosomes of C-MSC can enter adjacent cells (such as cardiomyocytes) and regulate their cellular signaling. (frontiersin.org)
Biosynthesis of proteins, nucleic acids, lipids and complex carbohydrates requires coupling to the hydrolysis of nucleoside triphosphates (ATP and GTP in protein biosynthesis, CTP and UTP in lipid and carbohydrate biosynthesis), as well as the incorporation of carbon and nitrogen from metabolic precursors. (biomedcentral.com)
In addition, the process of DC activation and maturation is accompanied by the production of exosomes, which are cell‑derived extracellular vesicles (EVs) that can carry proteins, lipids, nucleic acids, and other cargoes involved in intercellular communication and material transfer. (spandidos-publications.com)
Exosomes are the main paracrine factors of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) containing biological components such as proteins, nucleic acids and lipids. (researcher.life)
MARV assembles and buds from the host cell plasma where MARV matrix protein (mVP40) dimers associate with anionic lipids at the plasma membrane inner leaflet and undergo a dynamic and extensive self-oligomerization into the structural matrix layer. (uci.edu)

Knockdown of Rab27b increased glycolysis, but significantly reduced mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) with loss of mitochondrial membrane potential in C-MSC. (frontiersin.org)
The change of mitochondrial morphology and the loss of mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) were observed during the induction. (spandidos-publications.com)

The DAG brings about the association of protein kinase C (PKC) with the plasma membrane where a receptor-mediated increase in Ca2+ cycling across the membrane regulates PKC activity. (nih.gov)
This action results in reactivation of AMP-ACTIVATED PROTEIN KINASE activity and downstream signaling aimed at decreased metabolism. (nih.gov)
Gene Ontology analysis showed that genes upregulated in the epithelial cells were enriched for extracellular matrix production, cell division, migration, protein kinase activity, growth factor binding, and calcium ion binding. (molvis.org)
MAP kinase signaling proteins associated with cognitive decline. (alzforum.org)
Perilipin 5 (PLIN5) is a lipid-droplet-associated protein that coordinates intracellular lipolysis in highly oxidative tissues and is thought to regulate lipid metabolism in response to phosphorylation by protein kinase A (PKA). (uci.edu)

Our data also reveal a new, potentially therapeutic mechanism by which melatonin protects BMSCs from oxidative stress-mediated mitochondrial apoptosis, possibly by regulating the AMPK-ER stress pathway. (biomedcentral.com)
Because the BH3 domain is the smallest common signature in all the proteins of this family of apoptosis regulators and also because they are essential for molecular interactions between antagonistic members, we looked for sequences with significant similarity to the BH3 motif in the Leishmania infantum genome. (nature.com)
In response to Fas ligation, it is rapidly dephosphorylated and concomitantly activated to phosphorylate TIA-1, a nuclear RNA-binding protein that has been implicated as an effector of apoptosis. (rhea-db.org)

The possibility of Ca2+ intoxication is minimized by an elaborate autoregulatory system in which changes in Ca2+ influx rate across the plasma membrane are rapidly compensated for by parallel changes in Ca2+ efflux rate. (nih.gov)
Rather than a sustained increase in cytosolic Ca2+ concentration, it is the localized cycling of Ca2+ across the plasma membrane that is the critically important Ca2+ messenger during the sustained phase of cellular responses mediated via surface receptors linked to the hydrolysis of phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate (PIP2). (nih.gov)
PLY, a key pneumococcal virulence factor, can form transmembrane pores in host cells, disrupting plasma membrane integrity and deregulating cellular homeostasis. (nih.gov)
At sub-lytic concentrations, PLY triggers host cell survival pathways that cooperate to reseal the damaged plasma membrane and restore cell homeostasis. (nih.gov)
We focus our attention on G proteins that are molecular switches that signal through their receptors, GPCRs, at the plasma membrane. (csic.es)
The cell line is positive for KERATIN, can synthesize LECITHIN, and contains high levels of POLYUNSATURATED FATTY ACIDS in its PLASMA MEMBRANE. (nih.gov)
Specifically, it regulates the organization of apical plasma membrane in epithelial cells, disk morphogenesis during early retinal development, MAPK and Akt signaling pathways, and in cholesterol metabolism. (nih.gov)

The transfer of membranes from the endoplasmic reticulum to the Golgi apparatus occurs via 50-70 nm transition vesicles which derive from part-rough, part-smooth transitional elements of the endoplasmic reticulum (tER). (nih.gov)

Although some few prokaryotic cells use internal membranes as a site of metabolism, prokaryotic cells characteristically lack internal membrane-bound compartments, while eukaryotic cells have a highly specialized endomembrane system, characterized by regulated traffic and transport vesicles. (newworldencyclopedia.org)
In this study, we first evaluated the role of Rab27b in the metabolism of adult C-MSCs and found that knockdown of Rab27b inhibits mitochondrial fatty acid β-oxidation, TCA, and ETC by decreasing the expression of related genes, resulting in mitochondrial respiratory depression in C-MSC. (frontiersin.org)
The enhanced P. falciparum quiescence capacity of artemisinin-resistant parasites results from an increased ability to manage oxidative damage and an altered cell cycle gene regulation within a complex network involving the unfolded protein response, the PI3K/PI3P/AKT pathway, the PfPK4/eIF2α cascade and yet unidentified transcription factor(s), with minimal energetic requirements and fatty acid metabolism maintained in the mitochondrion and apicoplast. (biomedcentral.com)
Remodeling of mitochondrial metabolism plays an important role in regulating immune cell fate, proliferation, and activity. (nih.gov)
Taken together, these data indicate that the oncoprotein H-Ras V12 increases mitochondrial metabolism and provide new rationale for the targeting of the tricarboxylic acid cycle and electron transport chain as anti-neoplastic strategies. (biomedcentral.com)
For example, proteins from the astrocyte/microglia metabolism module that dominated the first study now spread across three new modules. (alzforum.org)
While other PD-associate genes, such as LRRK2 , SNCA , and GBA1 , regulate lysosomal functions, lipid metabolism, or protein aggregation, some have been shown to indirectly affect the electron transport chain. (frontiersin.org)

Although physico-chemically it amounts to attachment of a mere "hydrophobic stick", protein lipidation can modulate protein function by altering structure, folding, interaction with other proteins, degradation and importantly, attachment to membranes. (nih.gov)
Polymeric SUMO2 chains are also susceptible to polyubiquitination which functions as a signal for proteasomal degradation of modified proteins (By similarity). (nih.gov)
It is a nitrogen scavenger and a source of glutamate and glutamine that stimulates protein synthesis and inhibits protein degradation in muscles. (ckalist.com)
To our knowledge, the proposed PROTAC assays are first of its kind that can simultaneously 1) detect ubiquitination of endogenous, native protein targets, 2) evaluate the potency of PROTACs, and 3) establish a link between the UPS and protein degradation. (pharmaceuticalintelligence.com)
Significant correlation between DC 50 obtained from protein degradation in western blotting and Ub Max values demonstrates our proposed assays can aid in high-throughput screening and drastically eliminate artifacts to overcome bottlenecks in PROTAC drug discovery. (pharmaceuticalintelligence.com)
Ubiquitination is a major regulatory mechanism to maintain cellular protein homeostasis by marking proteins for proteasomal-mediated degradation [ 1 ]. (pharmaceuticalintelligence.com)
Event-driven" protein degradation using the cell's own UPS is a promising technology for addressing the "undruggable" proteome [ 3 ]. (pharmaceuticalintelligence.com)
Targeted protein degradation (TPD) has emerged as a new paradigm and promising therapeutic option to selectively attack previously intractable drug targets using PROteolytic TArgeting Chimeras (PROTACs) [ 4 ]. (pharmaceuticalintelligence.com)
Rab7 utilizes its effector RILP to recruit the dynein motor to head to lysosome for degradation. (csic.es)

[ 31 ] Thus, Tat fulfills a role in HIV-1 pathogenesis not only as an essential protein for HIV-1 replication, but also as an extra-cellular toxin. (medscape.com)
In the cellular milieu, thioesters can be cleaved by thioesterases and thus protein S-acylation is unique in being the only reversible form of protein lipidation. (nih.gov)
These components are then inserted into enzymes and other proteins for use in a wide range of crucial cellular activities like electron transport in respiratory chain complexes, regulatory sensing, photosynthesis, and DNA repair. (nih.gov)
This transient Ca2+ signal activates calmodulin-dependent protein kinases transiently, and hence, causes the transient phosphorylation of a subset of cellular proteins that mediate the initial phase of the response. (nih.gov)
Organelles can also actively communicate with each other to maintain cellular homeostasis via the vesicular trafficking pathways and membrane contact sites (MCSs), which allow the exchange of metabolites and other information required for normal cellular physiology. (thno.org)
In this review, we summarize the role of organelle interactions in cellular senescence, and highlight their relevance for cellular calcium homeostasis, protein and lipid homeostasis, and mitochondrial quality control. (thno.org)
Organelle interactions are extensively involved in mitochondrial dysfunction and cellular calcium imbalance, which are the underlying mechanisms of cellular senescence. (thno.org)
However, the term organelle is commonly restricted to describing sub-cellular components that include a phospholipid membrane, which ribosomes, being entirely particulate, do not. (newworldencyclopedia.org)
In this study, we analyzed mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation by quantifying cellular oxygen consumption rate (OCR) and quantified the extracellular acidification rate (ECAR) in C-MSC with/without Rab27b knockdown. (frontiersin.org)
The ER, which functions as a site for lipid biosynthesis, protein folding and assembly, and cellular divalent calcium cation (Ca 2+ ) storage in eukaryotic cells, is also a major signal-transducing organelle that senses cellular stress under homeostasis [ 7 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Binding to dsRNA by these proteins may result in initiation of helicase activity, concomitant with a conformational change that leads to recruiting additional cellular factors, including the recently identified IPS-1/MAVS protein ( 5 , 6 ). (cdc.gov)
In fungi, monothiol glutaredoxins are central regulators of key cellular functions such as iron homeostasis, cell wall integrity and redox status via their interactions with other proteins as well as iron-sulfur clusters and glutathione. (ubc.ca)
This post-translational modification on lysine residues of proteins plays a crucial role in a number of cellular processes such as nuclear transport, DNA replication and repair, mitosis and signal transduction. (nih.gov)
destroy tumors by secreting exotoxins that damage the membrane structures of cancer cells and enter cells to disrupt essential cellular functions. (metabiom.org)

This electrochemical gradient drives the synthesis of ATP and generates the mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP), which is a key parameter for evaluating mitochondrial function. (xpressbioeurope.com)

We present a model for crosstalk between Ca2+ and ROS signaling pathways within mitochondrial microdomains. (nih.gov)
They play a role in cell signaling pathways such as those involving G-PROTEINS and the HIPPO-SIGNALING PATHWAY. (nih.gov)
Pantethine boosts antitumor immunity, including the polarization of myeloid and dendritic cells towards enhanced IFN-driven antigen presentation pathways and improved the development of hypermetabolic effector CD8+ T cells endowed with potential antitumor activity. (journaltocs.ac.uk)
GPCRs, G proteins and their signaling pathways are linked to a myriad of physiological processes and to the prognosis of numerous human diseases including cancer and neurodegenerative diseases. (csic.es)

In vivo genetic approach reveals elevated mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (mROS) in Cln7 ∆ex2 neurons that mediates glycolytic enzyme PFKFB3 activation and contributes to CLN7 pathogenesis. (nature.com)
This suggested these reactive aldehydes clout advancement spoken opening tissue assisting a cancerous have at near damaging proteins that normally arrest tumour incident (e. 1877: Glaciated mut shipped from Argentina to writer symptoms 8 days after ovulation. (daubnet.com)

Like UQCRC1 in preventing cytochrome c from release, functions of ETC proteins beyond oxidative phosphorylation might also contribute to the pathogenesis of PD. (frontiersin.org)

The Role of Mitochondrial Fusion and Fission in Tumorigenesis. (virginia.edu)
In the laboratory, we also study the role of mitochondrial metabolites, including adenine nucleotides (adenosine mono-, di- or triphosphate) or NAD + , in the activation and differentiation of macrophages and T lymphocytes. (uam.es)

The sustained phosphorylation of a second subset of proteins by PKC mediates the sustained phase of the response. (nih.gov)
A theta of the PP2A phosphorylation of atoms mutations both globular and preferential cones of ChREBP( Carbohydrate Response Elemant Binding Protein). (evakoch.com)
Our SMAD4 epidermal level transports the M of a neutral phosphorylation to the Downstream cells identified from the flat sphingolipid-cholesterol of the bone gamma-H2AFX. (evakoch.com)
FLIM-FRET analysis of protein-protein interactions showed that PLIN5 S155 phosphorylation regulates PLIN5 interaction with adipose triglyceride lipase at the lipid droplet, but not with α-β hydrolase domain-containing 5. (uci.edu)

These involve the activation of Jak/STAT3 and PI3K/Akt, which subsequently decreases mitochondrial permeability transition pore (mPTP) opening and increases mitochondrial K ATP (Mito K ATP ) channel opening, which attenuates myocardial ischaemia reperfusion injury. (researchgate.net)

Members of the RAB family of RAS-related GTP-binding proteins are important regulators of vesicular transport and are located in specific intracellular compartments. (wikipedia.org)
Protein palmitoylation is catalyzed by members of the DHHC family of eukaryotic integral membrane enzymes so called because of the catalytic Asp-His-His-Cys motif in a cysteine rich domain (CRD) that resides in an intracellular loop. (nih.gov)
A class of intracellular signaling proteins that were originally identified as inhibitors of ANGIOSTATIN activity. (nih.gov)

RILP plays the role of a downstream effector for Rab7 and together both of these proteins act to regulate late endocytic traffic. (wikipedia.org)
HN - 2017 MH - ADAM12 Protein UI - D000072199 MN - D8.811.277.656.675.374.102.125 MN - D9.400.430.500.125 MN - D12.776.395.33.125 MS - A disintegrin and metalloproteinase domain-containing protein that is expressed as two alternatively-spliced forms: a long transmembrane form (ADAM12-L) and a short soluble form (ADAM12-S). It modulates the cleavage of INSULIN-LIKE GROWTH FACTOR BINDING PROTEINS and may also regulate CELL FUSION during MYOGENESIS. (nih.gov)
We are particularly interested in how posttranslational modifications (PTMs) of mitochondrial proteins-such as lysine acetylation or succinylation-will regulate the activation and polarization of the macrophage. (uam.es)

Exosomes are cell-derived, nm-sized extracellular vesicles (EVs) that are formed through the endocytosis and inward budding of the endosomal membrane mediated by extracellular components and cell surface proteins. (spandidos-publications.com)
DC-derived exosomes (Dex) are nano-scale lipid-membrane vesicles formed within DCs by the inward budding of the endosomal membrane after DCs receive immune signals ( 12 , 13 ). (spandidos-publications.com)

Mitochondrial Ca2+ is a positive effector of ATP synthesis, yet Ca2+ overload can lead to mitochondrial dysfunction and cell death. (nih.gov)
AKG can decrease protein catabolism and increase protein synthesis to enhance bone tissue formation in the skeletal muscles and can be used in clinical applications. (ckalist.com)
POU5F1( OCT4), SOX2, and NANOG download proteins in the medals of synthesis families. (evakoch.com)

Mitochondrial dysfunction within the brain has been observed in many neurodegenerative diseases, including prion disease. (bvsalud.org)
Our results suggest that at clinical stages of prion infection, dysregulation of respiratory chain proteins may lead to impairment of mitochondrial respiration in the brain.IMPORTANCE Mitochondrial dysfunction is present in most major neurodegenerative diseases, and some studies have suggested that mitochondrial processes may be altered during prion disease. (bvsalud.org)
Tg7 mice infected with the 263K hamster prion strain have little or no signs of mitochondrial dysfunction at the disease midpoint but suffer from a severe deficit in mitochondrial respiration at the clinical phase of disease. (bvsalud.org)
Here, we aimed to explore whether cytoprotective melatonin relieves ER stress-mediated mitochondrial dysfunction through AMPK in BMSCs after oxidative stress injury. (biomedcentral.com)

In addition to facilitating ion, lipid, and protein exchange, MCSs also play an important role in organelle dynamics [ 1 , 6 ]. (thno.org)
MCSs are tethered by the parallel protein-protein or protein-lipid interactions, with a typical distance of 10-30 nm between organelles. (thno.org)
Cell contents are enclosed by a cell surface membrane , a lipid bilayer within which are floating up to thousands of protein molecules. (newworldencyclopedia.org)
Lipid-specific oligomerization of the Marburg virus matrix protein VP40 is regulated by two distinct interfaces for virion assembly. (uci.edu)

Protein Serine-threonine kinases that phosphorylate the 63-kDa subunit of AMP-ACTIVATED PROTEIN KINASES. (nih.gov)
We established and validated proof-of-concept cell-based assays in a 96-well format using PROTACS for three therapeutic targets BET family proteins, kinases, and KRAS. (pharmaceuticalintelligence.com)

At the mitochondrial level, atovaquone, targeting the cytochrome bc 1 complex, inhibits the parasite electron transport chain and thus the dihydro-orotate dehydrogenase (DHODH) activity linked to the respiratory chain and involved in pyrimidine nucleotide biosynthesis [ 8 ]. (biomedcentral.com)

We will then summarize some of the well-known and newly identified PD-associated genes and their direct or indirect influences on ETC. Finally, we discuss the OXPHOS-independent functions of ETC proteins and their possible implications in PD pathogenesis. (frontiersin.org)

The mitochondrial electron transport chain creates an electrochemical gradient through a series of redox reactions. (xpressbioeurope.com)
Furthermore, knockdown of Rab27b reduced H3k4me3 expression in C-MSC and selectively decreased the expression of the essential genes involved in β-oxidation, tricarboxylic acid cycle (TCA), and electron transport chain (ETC). Taken together, our findings highlight a novel role for Rab27b in maintaining fatty acid oxidation in C-MSCs. (frontiersin.org)
We then observed that immortalization and H-Ras V12 -transformation of bronchial epithelial cells caused a stepwise increase in oxygen consumption, a global measure of electron transport chain activity. (biomedcentral.com)
Importantly, ectopic expression of H-Ras V12 sensitized immortalized cells to the ATP-depleting and cytotoxic effects of electron transport perturbation using the complex I inhibitor rotenone. (biomedcentral.com)
Some even regarded it specifically as a disorder of the complex I of the electron transport chain (ETC). The ETC is fundamental for mitochondrial energy production which is essential for neuronal health. (frontiersin.org)

In influenza viruses, the nonstructural protein 1 inhibits the interferon-mediated antiviral response. (cdc.gov)

RAB7A is also involved in regulation of some specialized endosomal membrane trafficking, such as maturation of melanosomes through modulation of SOX10 and the oncogene MYC. (wikipedia.org)

To assess whether this failure in autophagy affected mitochondrial turnover, SCMAS and HSP60 abundances were determined in neurons incubated with the lysosomal inhibitors. (nature.com)

The ternary complex containing UFD1L, VCP and NPLOC4 binds ubiquitinated proteins and is necessary for the export of misfolded proteins from the ER to the cytoplasm, where they are degraded by the proteasome. (nih.gov)
Gq forms a ternary complex with the mitochondrial protein Fis1 and the Rab7GAP protein TBC1D15. (csic.es)

Since they are covered with membranes, different organelles can perform biological processes that are incompatible. (thno.org)
The movement of a substance across a biological membrane against its concentration or electrochemical gradient, with the help of energy input and specific transport proteins. (web.id)
GEM brings together researchers, biologists, biochemists, biophysicists, physicists and chemists interested in biological phenomena associated with membranes at all levels, from the organ to the molecule. (ill.fr)

Of the different forms of protein lipidation, the most pervasive form is attachment of a fatty acid to internal cysteines through a thioester. (nih.gov)
What sets these three apart is that each of these three enzymes, Goat, Hhat and Porcupine, has a unique substrate, all secreted signaling proteins and each uses a distinct fatty acyl substrate. (nih.gov)

RAB7a was cloned by screening a human placenta cDNA library with a rat Rab7 cDNA to show that the RAB7a cDNA encodes a 207-amino acid protein whose sequence is 99% identical to those of mouse, rat, and dog Rab7a and 61% identical to that of yeast Rab7a. (wikipedia.org)
In growth factor-deprived cells, however, blocking Rab7 function prevented the clearance of glucose and amino acid transporter proteins from the cell surface. (wikipedia.org)
When Rab7 was inhibited, growth factor-deprived cells maintained their mitochondrial membrane potential and displayed prolonged, growth factor-independent, nutrient-dependent cell survival. (wikipedia.org)
The authors concluded that RAB7 functions as a proapoptotic protein by limiting cell-autonomous nutrient uptake. (wikipedia.org)
RILP has been shown to have a key role in the control of transport to degradative compartments along with Rab7 and may link Rab7 function to the cytoskeleton. (wikipedia.org)

In this review we bring together current data on mitochondrial Ca2+ uptake, ROS generation, and redox modulation of Ca2+ transport proteins. (nih.gov)
Since autoimmune or degenerative diseases are associated with imbalances in macrophage polarity or lymphocyte lineage differentiation, the study of how mitochondrial metabolites affect the differentiation of immune cells, and its potential modulation by compounds such as NAD + precursors, might be interesting for potential future therapies. (uam.es)

S Fraile, M Briones, M Revenga-Parra, V de Lorenzo, E Lorenzo, E Martínez-García Abstract Gram-negative bacteria are endowed with complex outer membrane (OM) structures that allow them to both interact with other organisms. (csic.es)

These proteins control mitochondrial distribution and trafficking, dendritic complexity, synapse formation and neuronal survival. (csic.es)

What Does the Structure-function Relationship of the HIV-1 Tat Protein Teach Us about Developing an AIDS Vaccine? (medscape.com)
The toxicity of xenobiotic compounds can have either a direct or a secondary effect on mitochondrial function. (xpressbioeurope.com)
Melatonin improved cell survival and restored mitochondrial function. (biomedcentral.com)
Probe Set ID Ref Seq Protein ID Signal Strength Name Gene Symbol Species Function Swiss-Prot ID Amino Acid Sequence 1367452_at NP_598278 16.8 small ubiquitin-related modifier 2 precursor Sumo2 Rattus norvegicus " Ubiquitin-like protein that can be covalently attached to proteins as a monomer or as a lysine-linked polymer. (nih.gov)
CLN7/MFSD8 gene encodes a lysosomal membrane glycoprotein, but the biochemical processes affected by CLN7-loss of function are unexplored thus preventing development of potential treatments. (nature.com)
However, these mitochondrial markers were already increased in untreated Cln7 ∆ex2 neurons and were little affected by inhibiting lysosomal function (Fig. 1c and Supplementary Fig. 1d ). (nature.com)
The meeting will focus on the structure, dynamics and function of membranes and will be locally organised by researchers from different institutes situated in Grenoble where several well-known European and national research facilities are located. (ill.fr)
In contrast to ADAM proteins, which reside on CELL MEMBRANES, ADAMTS proteases are secreted and function in the EXTRACELLULAR MATRIX. (nih.gov)

Use of enzymes and other proteins , which are coded for by DNA organized into genes and are produced through the action of messenger RNA intermediates and ribosomes . (newworldencyclopedia.org)
In total, 6,022 protein-coding genes exhibited differential expression between lens epithelial cells and lens fiber cells. (molvis.org)
Genes upregulated in the fiber cells were enriched for proteosome complexes, unfolded protein responses, phosphatase activity, and ubiquitin binding. (molvis.org)

This gene encodes a protein that belongs to the pro-apoptotic subfamily within the Bcl-2 family of proteins. (cancerindex.org)

RAB7A functions as a key regulator in endo-lysosomal trafficking, governs early-to-late endosomal maturation, microtubule minus-end as well as plus-end directed endosomal migration and positions, and endosome-lysosome transport through different protein-protein interaction cascades. (wikipedia.org)

Nitrogen, nitrites and nitrates are acted upon by bacteria (nitrogen fixation) and plants and we assimilate these compounds as protein in our diets. (tdmuv.com)

The encoded protein binds to Bcl-2 and possesses the BH3 domain. (cancerindex.org)

A set of extracellular matrix, or "matrisome," proteins rose in tandem with plaques and tangles, with a whopping correlation coefficient of 0.75. (alzforum.org)

functions by binding to receptors and altering the permeability of the postsynaptic membrane to specific ions, either depolarizing or hyperpolarizing the membrane. (web.id)

Mechanistically, mROS sustains a signaling cascade leading to protein stabilization of PFKFB3, normally unstable in healthy neurons. (nature.com)
Similarly, the increase in mitochondrial length observed in neurons with low levels of Gaq could be linked to myosin regulation. (csic.es)

Ras-related protein Rab-7a is involved in endocytosis, which is a process that brings substances into a cell. (wikipedia.org)
The process of endocytosis works by folding the cell membrane around a substance outside of the cell (for example a protein) and then forms a vesicle. (wikipedia.org)

Here we show that clinically ill transgenic mice overexpressing hamster prion protein (Tg7) infected with the hamster prion strain 263K suffer from a severe deficit in mitochondrial oxygen consumption in response to the respiratory complex II substrate succinate. (bvsalud.org)

RNA-protein interactions in antiviral immunity and autoimmune diseases. (virginia.edu)

Here we show that hamster prion-infected transgenic mice overexpressing the hamster prion protein (Tg7 mice) suffer from mitochondrial respiratory deficits. (bvsalud.org)
It cleaves the membrane-bound precursor of TUMOR NECROSIS FACTOR-ALPHA between ALANINE 76 and VALINE 77 to its functional form, as well as several other CELL SURFACE PROTEINS to their soluble forms, including AMYLOID BETA-PROTEIN PRECURSOR and PRION PROTEIN. (nih.gov)

Regulates E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase activity of RNF19A (By similarity). (nih.gov)

The authors had previously probed the AD proteome by using label-free mass spectrometry to quantify around 3,000 proteins in samples from more than 2,000 brains. (alzforum.org)
To dive deeper into the proteome, joint first authors Erik Johnson, Kathleen Carter, and Eric Dammer turned to tandem-mass-tag mass spectrometry, a technique that labels proteins with chemical tags containing different heavy isotopes. (alzforum.org)
Through a proteome-wide approach we identified mitochondrial partners for Gq. (csic.es)

DEC-205 (CD205), a member of the macrophage mannose receptor protein family, is the prototypic endocytic receptor of dendritic cells, whose ligands include phosphorothioated cytosine-guanosine (CpG) oligonucleotides, a motif often seen in bacterial or viral DNA. (uci.edu)

The vesicle is then brought into the cell and cleaved from the cell membrane. (wikipedia.org)
The cell is a membrane-enclosed body that is the structural and functional unit of living organisms , being the smallest unit that can carry on all life processes, including maintenance, growth, replication, and self-repair. (newworldencyclopedia.org)
The GSDMB protein is a member of the gasdermin family that, when cleaved, triggers an inflammatory cell death known as pyroptosis2. (authorea.com)
Taken together, these results point to Li-BH3AQP as the first non-enzymatic protein ever described in trypanosomatids that is involved in cell death. (nature.com)
Maintaining Na + /K + ion gradients and other ion gradients for transport consumes a large fraction of the ATP generated in resting (G0/G1) cells, and activating macromolecule biosynthesis in preparation for cell division requires the production of additional ATP equivalents. (biomedcentral.com)
A rapid change in the membrane potential of an excitable cell, caused by stimulus-triggered, selective opening and closing of voltage-sensitive gates in sodium and potassium ion channels. (web.id)
It curbs the activity of ATP, a molecule that transports energy inside a cell. (ckalist.com)
The transported #Listeria is then transmitted from MDSCs to cancer cells via a unique cell-cell spread mechanism. (metabiom.org)

For Tat's transcriptional activity, it has recently been reported that Tat is regulated by lysine methylation, [ 25 ] and that it interacts with a histone chaperone nucleosome assembly protein. (medscape.com)
To confirm K244 as the site of cleavage, we mutated lysine 244 to alanine (K244A) in GSDMB and tested whether the mutant protein can be cleaved by HDM. (authorea.com)

Using these TUBE assays, we established rank order potencies between four BET family PROTACs dBET1, dBET6, BETd246 and dBET57 based on peak ubiquitination signals ("Ub Max ") of the target protein. (pharmaceuticalintelligence.com)

Project I. G protein regulation of mitochondrial dynamics. (csic.es)

RNA-Seq analysis provided a comprehensive view of the relative abundance and differential expression of protein-coding and non-coding transcripts from lens epithelial cells and lens fiber cells. (molvis.org)

Three members of the membrane bound O-acyltransferase (MBOAT) family, a distinct family of integral membrane enzymes, also catalyze protein lipidation. (nih.gov)

Anatomy39

Organisms13

Chemicals and Drugs122

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment21

Phenomena and Processes57

Disciplines and Occupations1

Technology, Industry, Agriculture4

Information Science3

Health Care2

Mitochondria25

Inner mitochon2

Lipids7

Loss of mitochondrial membrane potential2

Kinase5

Apoptosis3

Plasma membrane7

Endoplasmic reticulum1

Metabolism7

Degradation9

Cellular14

Evaluating mitochondrial function1

Pathways4

Reactive2

Oxidative phosphorylation1

Role of mitochondrial2

Phosphorylation4

Increases mitochondrial1

Intracellular3

Regulate3

Vesicles2

Synthesis3

Dysfunction4

Lipid4

Kinases2

Respiratory chain1

OXPHOS1

Electron transport5

Inhibits1

Endosomal membrane1

Determined in neurons1

Ternary complex2

Biological3

Fatty2

Rab75

Modulation2

Outer1

Neuronal1

Function8

Genes3

Encodes1

Interaction1

Compounds1

Binds1

Extracellular1

Receptors1

Neurons2

Endocytosis2

Oxygen consumption1

Interactions1

Prion protein2

Ubiquitin-protei1

Proteome3

Macrophage1

Cell8

Lysine2

Assays1

Dynamics1

Relative abundance1

Enzymes1