Effector caspase activation. Medical search. Frequent questions

Surprisingly, it has recently been shown that LPS activates caspase-11 not through a receptor/scaffold mediator, but through direct LPS binding to the caspase-11 CARD domain. (wikipedia.org)
This mechanism contrasts to that of the canonical inflammasome, in which a bacterial ligand activates caspase-1 through an upstream sensor protein, and this is the reason why caspase-11 is often referred to as the non-canonical inflammasome. (wikipedia.org)
Production of IL-1β downstream of caspase-11 requires another canonical inflammasome, called the NLRP3 inflammasome, that activates caspase-1. (wikipedia.org)
Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress Activates the Inflammasome via NLRP3- and Caspase-2-Driven Mitochondrial Damage. (umassmed.edu)
the apoptosome (regulated by cytochrome c and the Bcl-2 family ) which activates caspase-9 . (wikidoc.org)
These cytokines induce caspase-3 activation as an effector caspase that activates hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) and cause fibrogenesis [ 11 ]. (bsmiab.org)
Ligand binding to cognate receptors activates initiator caspases directly in a death-inducing signaling complex. (deathbase.org)
In Drosophila, TNF ligand binding activates initiator caspases indirectly, through JNK. (deathbase.org)
The subsequent release of Cytochrome C inside the citoplasm of the cells induces the formation of a multiprotein complex, called apoptosome, that activates the caspase cascade through caspase-9 (C9) leading to Apoptosis. (parathyroid-hormone1-34.com)
C8 activates the effector caspases C3 that starts the degradation cascade that leads again to cell death by apoptosis. (parathyroid-hormone1-34.com)
This in turn induces the recruitment of adapter proteins (FADD, TRADD o RAIDD) to form the so-called death-inducing signal complex (DISC), which activates caspase-8. (biomedcentral.com)
In turn, caspase 8 activates effector caspases by catalytic cleavage. (biomedcentral.com)

Murine caspase-11, and its human homologs caspase-4 and caspase-5, are mammalian intracellular receptor proteases activated by TLR4 and TLR3 signaling during the innate immune response. (wikipedia.org)
Caspase-3 is one of the most critical effector proteases in cell apoptosis. (researchsquare.com)
Caspases are cysteine proteases, expressed as inactive precursors, that mediate apoptosis by proteolysis of specific substrates. (neuromics.com)
Caspases are a family of calcium -dependent cysteine proteases , which play essential roles in apoptosis (programmed cell death), necrosis and inflammation . (wikidoc.org)
They are called cysteine proteases , because they use a cysteine residue to cut those proteins, and are called caspases because the cysteine residue cleaves their substrate proteins at specific asparagine residues. (wikidoc.org)
Apoptosis is a programmed form of cell death involving the degradation of cellular constituents by a group of cysteine proteases called caspases. (geneontology.org)
Inhibition of zHDR, zOTR, the adaptor zFADD, or caspase-8-like proteases blocked ligand-induced apoptosis, as did antiapoptotic Bcl-2 family members. (deathbase.org)
Breaching the mitochondrial OM releases apoptogenic factors, including cytochrome c and DIABLO (also known as Smac), which activate a group of aspartate-specific proteases known as caspases ( Youle and Strasser, 2008 ). (biologists.com)

Caspase-11 (EC 3.4.22.64, CASP-11) is an protease enzyme that has a preferred cleavage sequence of (Ile/Leu/Val/Phe)-Gly-His-Asp, with a strict requirement for Asp at the P1 position. (wikipedia.org)
The exact contribution that the cleavage of many caspase substrates makes to the biochemistry and morphology of apoptosis is unclear. (wikidoc.org)
The cleavage and inactivation of ICAD/DFF45 by a caspase allows CAD to enter the nucleus and fragment the DNA, causing the characteristic 'DNA ladder' seen in apoptotic cells. (wikidoc.org)
The inflammasome is a molecular platform found in the cytoplasm of eukaryotic cells, which activation leads to the processing of caspase-1 and cleavage of IL-1b and IL-18 into their active forms, as well as induction of inflammatory cell death through gasdermin-D activation. (fapesp.br)
The search for the downstream factors demonstrated that both Casp1 and Casp8 are involved in Caspase-7 cleavage, which is the effector that restricts L. pneumophila infection in vitro. (fapesp.br)
During sustained exposure to apoptotic stimuli, caspase-mediated cleavage of Beclin 1 generates fragments ('N' and 'C') that lose their ability to induce autophagy. (shu.edu)
Caspases are activated by proteolytic cleavage of a precursor form to yield large and small subunits that form the enzyme. (bvsalud.org)
Since the cleavage site within precursors matches the specificity of caspases, sequential activation of precursors by activated caspases can occur. (bvsalud.org)

Activation of caspase-11 by LPS is known to cause the activation of other caspase proteins, leading to septic shock, pyroptosis, and often organismal death. (wikipedia.org)
These bacteria activate IFN-induced guanylate binding proteins, which are thought to mediate caspase-11 activation by promoting vacuolar lysis and release of bacteria and the LPS they produce into the cytoplasm. (wikipedia.org)
Activation of this enzyme can occur via the interaction of its caspase recruitment domain with CARD SIGNALING ADAPTOR PROTEINS. (umassmed.edu)
Caspases are essential in cells for apoptosis , one of the main types of programmed cell death in development and most other stages of adult life, and have been termed "executioner" proteins for their roles in the cell. (wikidoc.org)
BCL2 proteins are described as 'crucial regulators of apoptosis' (PMID:15868100)and the intrinsic apoptosis pathway is initiated by the release of mitochondrial cytochrome c into the cytoplasm, which results in the activation of caspases (15102863) - help in generating a defintion for intrinsic apoptosis? (geneontology.org)
does all activation of caspases require other proteins also involved in apoptosis - therefore shouldn't this term be a part of apoptosis? (geneontology.org)
Melanoma also frequently exhibits enhanced activation of receptor tyrosine kinases like epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and MET, as well as BRAF and small G proteins such as Ras [ 2 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
In the cytosol, Smac/DIABLO interacts and antagonizes inhibitors of apoptosis proteins (IAPs), thus allowing the activation of caspases and apoptosis. (biomedcentral.com)
In brief, apoptosis is triggered when "pro-death/damage sensing" BH3-only proteins activate the downstream effector molecules BAX and BAK, which dimerize on the mitochondrial outer membrane surface and permeabilize it, triggering the release of cytochrome C, caspase activation and committing the cell to programmed death. (biomedcentral.com)
The intrinsic apoptotic pathway is initiated in response to a variety of stress signals ( Willis and Adams, 2005 ), and a complex interplay of Bcl-2 proteins relays this signal to the mitochondrial outer membrane (OM) to initiate Bak and Bax activation, oligomerisation and OM damage ( Fig. 1 ). (biologists.com)

Proapoptotic signals autocatalytically activate initiator caspases, such as Caspase-8 and Caspase-9. (neuromics.com)
Activated initiator caspases then process effector caspases, such as Caspase-3 and Caspase-7, which in turn cause cell collapse. (neuromics.com)
Initiator caspases (e.g. (wikidoc.org)
Initiator caspases possess a longer prodomain than the effector caspases, whose prodomain is very small. (wikidoc.org)
The prodomain of the initiator caspases contain domains such as a CARD domain (e.g. caspases-2 and -9) or a death effector domain (DED) (caspases-8 and -10) that enables the caspases to interact with other molecules that regulate their activation. (wikidoc.org)
These molecules respond to stimuli which cause the clustering of the initiator caspases. (wikidoc.org)

Kamber Kaya HE, Ditzel M, Meier P, Bergmann A. An inhibitory mono-ubiquitylation of the Drosophila initiator caspase Dronc functions in both apoptotic and non-apoptotic pathways. (umassmed.edu)
These pathogens express a type III secretion system molecular syringe that injects bacterial effectors into the target cells, subverting host pathways and allowing successful colonisation, thus making C. rodentium an invaluable tool to investigate virulence mechanisms, mucosal immunity and host adaptation. (imperial.ac.uk)
Activation of mTOR-dependent pathways regulates the specification and differentiation of CD4 + T effector cell subsets. (jci.org)
The caspases can be activated through either the intrinsic (mitochondrial mediated) or extrinsic (death receptor mediated) apoptotic pathways. (geneontology.org)
Caspases, while dispensable for cell death during mitochondrial apoptosis, inhibit activation of pro-inflammatory pathways after MOMP. (nature.com)
Apoptosis can be described as a series of tightly regulated series of molecular events that occur over three distinct stages though involve multiple and in tandem molecular pathways of activation [ 7 ]. (oncotarget.com)

A high concentration of caspase-8 induces its autoproteolytic activation and subsequent cleaving of effector caspases, leading to cell apoptosis. (unex.es)
Silvestrol potently inhibits cell growth and induces cell death in human melanoma cells through induction of early autophagy and caspase-mediated apoptosis. (biomedcentral.com)
In sensitive cells, L-asparaginase induces apoptosis with dissipation of mitochondrial membrane potential and activation of effector caspases. (oncotarget.com)
However, in certain cell types, the extrinsic pathway also induces mitochondrial damage by cleaving the pro-apoptotic Bcl-2 family protein Bid to its activated truncated form (tBid), which leads to Bak and Bax activation. (biologists.com)

The effector caspases cleave their cellular specific substrates and generate the typical morphology of apoptosis. (biomedcentral.com)
Caspase 3 and 7 are effector caspases executing apoptosis events by cleaving a large set of substrates resulting in the regulated destruction of cells. (reactionbiology.com)
Sartorius' IncuCyte Caspase 3/7 Dyes comprise caspase substrates to release a DNA-binding fluorescent label. (reactionbiology.com)

Caspases have the ability to cleave after aspartic acid residues. (neuromics.com)
CASP2 , CASP8 , CASP9 and CASP10 ) cleave inactive pro-forms of effector caspases, thereby activating them. (wikidoc.org)

Activation of P2Y12 receptor first phosphorylates BAD through the PI3K Akt pathway, and the liquid acidified BAD binds to 14-3-3 protein to separate BAD from BAD Bcl-XL complex, thus releasing free Bcl-XL. (researchsquare.com)
The present findings suggest that local IFN production may interact with a genetic factor ( PTPN2 ) to induce aberrant proapoptotic activity of the BH3-only protein Bim, resulting in increased β-cell apoptosis via JNK activation and the intrinsic apoptotic pathway. (diabetesjournals.org)
This is the first indication of a direct interaction between a candidate gene for T1D and the activation of a specific downstream proapoptotic pathway in β-cells. (diabetesjournals.org)
Our data provide novel evidence that a Akt/GSK-3β/tau-dependent, but not caspase-3 signaling pathway plays a pivotal role in GT1b-mediated neurotoxic actions on mesencephalic DA neurons. (biomedcentral.com)
These results show that zebrafish casp8 has a structure and function similar to mammalian CASP8 orthologs, and our study suggests that the role of caspase-8 in the apoptotic signal pathway has been conserved over at least 450 million years of vertebrate evolution. (deathbase.org)
The activation of the intrinsic pathway starts with the permeabilization of the mitochondria and the release of cytochrome C (CytC) into the cytoplasm. (parathyroid-hormone1-34.com)
Usually the activation of the intrinsic pathway of apoptosis is modeled starting by directly releasing cytochrome C into the cytoplasm. (parathyroid-hormone1-34.com)
The activation of the caspase cleaving cascade is one hallmark of the apoptosis pathway. (reactionbiology.com)
By contrast, the extrinsic apoptotic pathway can activate caspases without the participation of mitochondria. (biologists.com)

Upon challenge with intracellular lipopolysaccharide (iLPS), MÏ increased MT3 expression that curtailed the activation of caspase-11 and its downstream targets caspase-1 and interleukin (IL)-1ß. (bvsalud.org)

The initiation of this cascade reaction is regulated by caspase inhibitors. (wikidoc.org)
Cell death is frequently considered to be 'caspase-dependent' when it is suppressed by broad-spectrum caspase inhibitors such as N-benzyloxycarbonyl-Val-Ala-Asp-fluoromethylketone (Z-VAD-fmk). (geneontology.org)

These results suggest that TLR4 is not the sole LPS receptor but that caspase-11 also responds to the presence of LPS. (wikipedia.org)
initiators (activation by receptor cluster) and effectors (activation by mitochondrial permeability transition). (neuromics.com)
The receptor NLRC4, an essential cytosolic sensor for the activation of Naip/NLRC4 inflammasome is triggered by bacterial flagellin. (fapesp.br)
We were the first to show that administration of bortezomib, a proteasome inhibitor, in mice bearing mammary and renal tumors sensitized tumor cells to apoptosis by amplifying tumor cell caspase-8 activation following treatment with TRAIL receptor agonist antibody (JNCI 100:649). (vumc.org)
El receptor TNF-R1 está involucrado en señalización de muerte. (unex.es)
Initially, there is a signaling stage, which results from various apoptotic stimuli such as DNA damage, growth factors, death receptor activation, and cytokines [ 7 ]. (oncotarget.com)

Caspase-11 has been shown in vitro to be activated by Shigella flexneri infection, while a guinea pig model of Shigella infection has been shown to activate the human homolog of caspase-11, caspase-4. (wikipedia.org)
This allows them to autoactivate, so that they can then proceed to activate the effector caspases. (wikidoc.org)

Cytochrome c then forms a multi-protein complex known as the 'apoptosome' and initiates activation of the caspase cascade through caspase 9. (geneontology.org)

For bacteria that do not typically access the host cytosol, caspase-11 is activated with delayed kinetics if Gram-negative bacteria aberrantly escape the vacuole and enter into the cytoplasm. (wikipedia.org)
Although Bcl-XL and Bax do not bind directly in platelets, they may inhibit Bax activation by reducing the translocation of Bax from cytoplasm to mitochondria through some indirect effects. (researchsquare.com)

Caspase-11, also termed the non-canonical inflammasome, is activated by TLR3/TLR4-TRIF signaling and directly binds cytosolic lipopolysaccharide (LPS), a major structural element of Gram-negative bacterial cell walls. (wikipedia.org)
In this review, we discuss how mitochondria can initiate inflammation during cell death highlighting parallels with bacterial activation of inflammation. (nature.com)
Non-canonical inflammasome activation by mouse caspase-11 (or human CASPASE-4/5) is crucial for the clearance of certain gram-negative bacterial infections, but can lead to severe inflammatory damage. (bvsalud.org)
Completed and published a study on the roles of caspase-8 and RIP kinases inflammasome activation, NF-κB activation and cell death in response to bacterial infection. (ntnu.edu)
Completed and published a study demonstrating the first bacterial effector molecule that can inhibit Pyrin inflammasomes. (ntnu.edu)

This initiator protease starts the hydrolytic cascade that stimulates the effector caspases (3, 6, and 7). (xpressbioeurope.com)

Reaction Biology offers a suite of cell death assay services to investigate events that have been linked to apoptosis including activation of mitochondrial membrane permeabilization, caspase activation, surface exposure of phosphatidylserine, and more. (reactionbiology.com)

BAX translocation, Bim phosphorylation, cytochrome c release, and caspases 9 and 3 activation were measured by Western blot or immunofluorescence. (diabetesjournals.org)
PTPN2 silencing and exposure to type I and II IFNs induced BAX translocation to the mitochondria, cytochrome c release, and caspase 3 activation. (diabetesjournals.org)
Once formed this complex, comprising APAF-1-cytochrome c-procaspase 9, triggers the activation of procaspase 9 to caspase 9. (xpressbioeurope.com)

Free Bcl-XL directly binds to BAK, downregulates the dimerization level of BAK and inhibits the activation of BAK. (researchsquare.com)
In nucleated cells, Akt activation inhibits their pro-apoptotic activity through flow acidification. (researchsquare.com)
Furthermore, HIF-1 actively limits the mitochondrial consumption of pyruvate at two levels: (i) through the enzyme PDK (PDH-kinase), which in turn inhibits PDH activity preventing the conversion of pyruvate into acetyl CoA, and thereby limiting mitochondrial metabolism of pyruvate [ 6 ] and (ii) through the direct activation of LDH [ 7 , 8 ]. (hindawi.com)
Apoptotic caspase activity inhibits cell death-associated inflammation. (nature.com)
The linker region between the BIR1 and BIR2 is implicated in the inhibition of caspase-3 and -7 whereas the BIR2 domain inhibits caspase-7 in a non-competitive manner [ 9 ]. (biomedcentral.com)

This event is mediated by the adaptor ASC and the effector Casp8 which are also important for restriction of infection. (fapesp.br)
Here we report the identification and characterization of the caspase-8 (casp8) gene in the zebrafish Danio rerio. (deathbase.org)

In response to a cancer-germline self-antigen P1A, akin to human MAGE-like antigens, our pioneering studies using TCR-P1A transgenic mice (J Immunol 172:5069) established normal thymic development of CD8 T cells and discovered a paradigm of CD8 T cell help for innate NK effector function in solid tumor microenvironments. (vumc.org)

There is evidence that chronic progression of hypertrophy, fibrosis, and ventricular dysfunction is correlated with a local increase in cytokines [ 16 ] and activation of NF- B [ 17 , 18 ]. (hindawi.com)
Some caspases are also required in the immune system for the maturation of cytokines . (wikidoc.org)
Caspase-1 mediates maturation of pro-forms of cytokines IL-1β and IL-18 into active forms. (ntnu.edu)

Second mitochondria-derived activator of caspase/direct inhibitor of apoptosis-binding protein with low pI (Smac/DIABLO) is a proapoptogenic mitochondrial protein that is released to the cytosol in response to diverse apoptotic stimuli, including commonly used chemotherapeutic drugs. (biomedcentral.com)

Caspase-11 activation results in pyroptosis, a form of lytic cell death that releases inflammatory molecules such as ATP, HMGB1 and IL-1α from the cytosol. (wikipedia.org)
Caspase-11 appears to provide immune defense against bacteria that enter or access the host cell cytosol. (wikipedia.org)
At 50 μg mL -1 , the extract had potently induced apoptotic cell death of HCT-116 colon cancer cell line by inducing caspases 3 and 7 activity. (scialert.net)
This activation is necessary for both cell proliferation as well as glucose uptake and use. (hindawi.com)
Metabolic activation of CaMKII by coenzyme A. Mol Cell. (umassmed.edu)
The mechanism of 6‑OAP cytotoxicity in all cell lines was associated with the induction of apoptosis with the presence of cleaved caspase‑3 and PARP. (spandidos-publications.com)
Herein, we show that mTOR complex 1 (mTORC1) and mTORC2 have distinct roles in the generation of CD8 + T cell effector and memory populations. (jci.org)
The importance of caspases to apoptosis and programmed cell death was originally established by Robert Horvitz and colleagues who found that the ced-3 gene was required for the cell death that took place during the development of the nematode C. elegans . (wikidoc.org)
Although the presence of active caspases and DNA fragmentation is helpful in identifying possible apoptosis, they should not be employed as an exclusive means to demonstrate this process as apototic cell death can occur without DNA fragmentation or caspase activity. (geneontology.org)
It has shown that Caspase-1-deficient macrophages present delayed cell death during L. pneumophila infection. (fapesp.br)
This correlates to humans where tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes from post-surgery relapse-free breast cancer patients show signatures of NK cell activation (J Transl Med 11:145). (vumc.org)
Thus, this study aims to determine the effect of Human mesenchymal stem cell secretome (HuMSC-S) administration on caspase 3 levels and apoptotic hepatic cells in a rat model with cholestasis after choledochal duct ligation receiving urso deoxy cholic acid (UDCA). (bsmiab.org)
In conclusion, addition of HuMSC-S to UDCA lowered caspase-3 levels and apoptotic cell count in rats with hepatic cholestasis after choledochal duct ligation. (bsmiab.org)
Because of this, we aimed to study the effect of human mesenchymal stem cell secretome (HuMSC-S) administration on caspase 3 levels and apoptosis of hepatocytes in a rat model with cholestasis after choledochal duct ligation receiving standard UDCA therapy. (bsmiab.org)
Silvestrol induced caspase-3 activation and apoptotic cell death in a time- and dose-dependent manner. (biomedcentral.com)
Our IncuCyte Live-cell Analysis system enables real-time, automated measurement of caspase 3/7 activity. (reactionbiology.com)

Factors that promote non-canonical inflammasome activation are well recognized, but less is known about the mechanisms underlying its negative regulation. (bvsalud.org)
The work in Theme two is focused on describing mechanisms leading to inflammasome activation, and to study implications on infectious and non-infectious inflammation. (ntnu.edu)

For this purpose, annexin/PI staining and caspase-3, −8 and −9 activity were investigated by flow cytometry. (biomedcentral.com)

Interestingly, while GT1b enhanced caspase-3 activity, DEVD, a caspase-3 inhibitor, failed to rescue DA neuronal death. (biomedcentral.com)
Smac (Second mitochondria-derived activator of caspase) protein, also known as DIABLO (Direct Inhibitor of Apoptosis-Binding protein with LOw pI), is codified by a nuclear gene. (biomedcentral.com)

This is because they are inflammatory caspases, which in concert with CASP1 , are involved in cytokine maturation. (wikidoc.org)
This process includes diffuse activation of inflammatory and coagulation cascades, vasodilation and vascular maldistribution, capillary endothelial leakage, and dysfunctional utilization of oxygen and nutrients at the cellular level. (medscape.com)

Horvitz and his colleague Junying Yuan [2] found in 1993 that the protein encoded by the ced-3 gene was a cysteine protease with similar properties to the mammalian interleukin-1-beta converting enzyme (ICE) (now known as caspase 1) which at the time was the only known caspase. (wikidoc.org)
Following this discovery, the other mammalian caspases, in addition to caspases in other organisms such as the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster , were soon identified and characterised. (wikidoc.org)

Caspase-11 was subsequently shown to be a cytosolic protein that responds solely to intracellular, cytosolic LPS. (wikipedia.org)
Full-length recombinant human Caspase 7 protein. (neuromics.com)
Herein, we identify that the caspase-11 inflammasome in mouse and human macrophages (MÏ ) is negatively controlled by the zinc (Zn2+) regulating protein, metallothionein 3 (MT3). (bvsalud.org)

They are first synthesized as inactive pro-caspases , that consist of a prodomain, a small subunit and a large subunit. (wikidoc.org)

Cardiac Toll-like receptors and inflammasome complexes may be key inducers for inflammation probably through NF- B activation and ROS overproduction. (hindawi.com)
Activation of Toll-like receptors (TLRs) and the inflammasome complex has recently been proposed to be central in cardiac inflammation and likely in the pathogenesis of DCM. (hindawi.com)

The mechanism linking caspase-11 to NLRP3 is not currently known. (wikipedia.org)

Can inflammation occur under caspase-proficient conditions? (nature.com)

Suppression of caspase-3 is known to have protective and anti-apoptotic effects on liver cells and reduces collagen deposition, ultimately leads to inhibition of fibrogenesis [ 12 ]. (bsmiab.org)

The detection of the activation of caspase 3 by proteolytic processing. (reactionbiology.com)

However, the function of ICAD/DFF45 is to restrain the enzyme CAD (Caspase Activated DNase). (wikidoc.org)
Inflammasomes are multi-molecular complexes that process pro-caspase-1 into the active enzyme. (ntnu.edu)

However, cancer cells overcome these controls, in particular by acquiring genetic mutations leading to the activation of oncogenes (pten, myc) or loss of tumor suppressors (p53) [ 1 ]. (hindawi.com)

The Shanker Laboratory explores lymphocyte crosstalk with an aim to understand molecular and cellular players driving immune effector responses. (vumc.org)
Molecular analysis indentified a novel p73 dependent mechanism independent of p53 and caspase 3 activity through which NSP 5a3a is inducing apoptosis. (oncotarget.com)

Moreover Caspase-6 (C6) cleaves C8 in a positive feedback loop that amplify this activation signal. (parathyroid-hormone1-34.com)

We identified novel immunostimulatory effects of bortezomib on lymphocyte effector functions (Oncotarget 8:8604). (vumc.org)

Interestingly, caspase-3 level was significantly lower in the UDCA and HuMSC-S-treated groups compared to the UDCA or HuMSC-S alone. (bsmiab.org)

TRADD binds FADD, which then recruits the cysteine protease caspase-8. (unex.es)

Caspase 2" is a descriptor in the National Library of Medicine's controlled vocabulary thesaurus, MeSH (Medical Subject Headings) . (umassmed.edu)
CASP4 and CASP5 , which are overexpressed in some cases of vitiligo and associated autoimmune diseases caused by NALP1 variants, [1] are not currently classified as initiator or effector in Mesh . (wikidoc.org)

VSV infection triggered rapid differentiation of blood monocytes into immature dendritic cells as well as their apoptosis, which depended on caspase 3/7 activation. (karger.com)
however, due to constitutive mTORC1 activation, these cells retained a terminally differentiated effector phenotype and were incapable of transitioning into a memory state. (jci.org)

Caspase 3/7 activity was detected by luminescence assay. (karger.com)
have reported anti-carcinogenic activity of both koetjapic acid and 3-oxo-olean-12-en-29-oic acid. (scialert.net)
should the term ['GO:0006919] activation of caspase activity' be a child of positive regulation of apoptosis or induction of apoptosis rather than directly to apoptosis? (geneontology.org)
For detection of caspase 3 and caspase 7 activity, we use Promega's Caspase-Glo 3/7 Assay system, which is a homogenous assay with a simple add-mix-measure protocol enabling testing in high-throughput capable 384 well format. (reactionbiology.com)

In this study, we demonstrate for the first time that GT1b neurotoxicity is accompanied by inactivation of Akt, activation of GSK-3β and increase in tau phosphorylation in mesencephalic DA neurons, both in vivo and in vitro . (biomedcentral.com)
In vivo, MT3 suppressed activation of the caspase-11 inflammasome, while caspase-11 and MT3 synergized in impairing antibacterial immunity. (bvsalud.org)

Cleaved and uncleaved caspase 3 are detected via western blotting by an anti-caspase 3 antibody. (reactionbiology.com)

Anatomy14

Organisms3

Diseases1

Chemicals and Drugs74

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment7

Phenomena and Processes24

Information Science2

Activates12

Proteases8

Cleavage8

Proteins10

Initiator caspases6

Pathways6

Induces4

Substrates3

Cleave2

Pathway9

Downstream1

Inhibitors2

Receptor6

Activate2

Apoptosome1

Cytoplasm2

Bacterial5

Cascade1

Mitochondrial membrane1

Cytochrome3

Inhibits5

CASP82

Innate1

Cytokines3

Stimuli1

Cell16

Inflammasome activation2

Flow cytometry1

Inhibitor2

Inflammatory2

Mammalian2

Protein3

Subunit1

Receptors2

NLRP31

Occur1

Inhibition1

Proteolytic1

Enzyme2

Tumor1

Molecular2

Cleaves1

Lymphocyte1

Interestingly1

Protease1

MeSH2

Cells2

Activity4

Vivo2

Antibody1