• 1. Intraspecific trait variability (ITV) maintains functional diversity in populations and communities, and plays a crucial role in ecological and evolutionary processes such as trophic cascades or speciation. (fu-berlin.de)
  • These systems also provide experimentally-tractable models to examine broader ecological and evolutionary processes. (exeter.ac.uk)
  • They also suggest poor predictability of environmental variation and how it affects selection, rather than random evolutionary processes, might be the main limits on predicting evolution. (phys.org)
  • For plants and animals, many macroecological rules have been theorized to explain the physiological, ecological, and some evolutionary processes that underlie these patterns. (frontiersin.org)
  • Community composition varied among chicha samples, even those separated by short geographic distances, suggesting that ecological and/or evolutionary processes, including human-mediated factors, may be responsible for creating locally distinct ferments. (who.int)
  • The researchers build on recent findings that evolutionary processes, in response to landscape change, are happening faster than previously thought. (lu.se)
  • Recently, however, it has become increasingly clear that evolutionary processes take place over much shorter timescales than previously thought. (lu.se)
  • A rapidly developing research area focuses on understanding how genetic variation influences organisms, populations, communities and ecosystems and specifically the connections between genetics, gene regulation, species diversity, and ecological and biogeochemical processes. (umces.edu)
  • A total of 1,906 correlations amongst 297 organisms were detected, segregating them into 11 major groups that occupy distinct ecological niches. (peerj.com)
  • Co-occurrence patterns between organisms can reveal ecological associations that take place between the members of a community. (peerj.com)
  • however, landscape patterns that promote ecological connectivity may also facilitate the spread of undesirable organisms or processes. (cipra.org)
  • This is where evolutionary biology , the study of how species change over time, and coevolution , the ecological relationship between different organisms, come into play. (freescience.info)
  • Evolutionary biologists explore the origins and relationships between different organisms by examining the principles of natural selection and genetic variation. (freescience.info)
  • Through the study of genetic variation and natural selection, biologists can uncover the specific traits that enable organisms to thrive in different environments. (freescience.info)
  • Which properties of individual organisms are essential for predicting large-scale ecological changes? (santafe.edu)
  • The interactions between autotrophs and soil organisms and selected groups of animals with close ecological and evolutionary connections with plants (e.g., herbivores and pollinators) will be explored in lecture and laboratory. (mcgill.ca)
  • Elevated fish mercury (Hg) concentrations in freshwater ecosystems worldwide are a significant human and ecological health concern. (rsc.org)
  • Secondly, the focus lies on studies investigating spatial and temporal variations in biogeomorphic systems controlled by complex feedbacks or heterogeneity in ecosystems which influence physical (e.g. sediment cohesion), biogeochemical (e.g. nutrient and carbon cycling) and ecological processes (e.g. biodiversity). (copernicus.org)
  • The lectures are intended to introduce some of the main causes of alteration of aquatic systems and to provide a basis for the use of ecological principles, natural processes and components of ecosystems in order to preserve and restore their structure and functioning. (unive.it)
  • Furthermore, spatially explicit process-based models of ecosystems, closely integrated with GIS, were developed and applied to evaluate the ecological impact of land use change at a landscape scale. (europa.eu)
  • In today's rapidly changing world, predicting how ecosystems will respond to environmental disturbances is crucial for effective management and conservation efforts. (freescience.info)
  • 1. Classical ecological models are inadequate for understanding microbial ecosystems. (santafe.edu)
  • It includes the vast array of life forms, their individual genetic makeup, their life processes, and their interrelationships in communities and ecosystems. (iccb-eccb2015.org)
  • however, even this assessment is difficult due to the ever-changing boundaries of ecological communities and ecosystems. (iccb-eccb2015.org)
  • This not only leads to the loss of biodiversity but also disrupts the delicate ecological balance of the area. (wikipedia.org)
  • The PREDICTS project-Projecting Responses of Ecological Diversity In Changing Terrestrial Systems (www.predicts.org.uk)-has collated from published studies a large, reasonably representative database of comparable samples of biodiversity from multiple sites that differ in the nature or intensity of human impacts relating to land use. (imperial.ac.uk)
  • Here, I will explore how macroecological and macroevolutionary models can help us predict ecological and evolutionary responses of biodiversity to climate change. (ictp-saifr.org)
  • According to Edward O. Wilson, a world-renowned scientist and researcher, biodiversity emerged as a scientific discipline during the last 25 years in response to two important events: the realization that human activity threatens the extinction of many plant and animal species either directly or indirectly, by habitat destruction, and the recognition that we have the ability to end that process at minimal cost to human welfare. (iccb-eccb2015.org)
  • Major themes of the work include the evolution of biodiversity, systems for classifying and defining biodiversity, ecological patterns and theories of biodiversity, and an assessment of contemporary patterns and trends in biodiversity. (credoreference.com)
  • I am broadly interested in the processes creating biodiversity. (lu.se)
  • Possessing a broad range of tolerance phenotypes in populations can reduce sensitivity to impacts of environmental stressors, through various proximate ecological mechanisms 12 - 14 . (biorxiv.org)
  • This project studies mechanisms driving site-to-site variation in bioavailability, bioaccumulation, and trophic transfer of Hg in aquatic food webs across a gradient from forested to industrialized watersheds. (nih.gov)
  • It provides biologists with insights into the mechanisms driving ecological processes, such as coevolution and natural selection. (freescience.info)
  • As spatial scale changes, the ecological processes and mechanisms that determine community patterns change. (mdpi.com)
  • Here, the promotive roles of gut bacterial community induced by BFS in pathogenic Vibrio infection resistance and its potential micro-ecological and physiological mechanisms were investigated by gut bacterial consortium transplantation and synthetic community (SynCom) construction. (bvsalud.org)
  • Some epidemiological and experimental studies indicate that different agents may act at different stages in the carcinogenic process, and several different mechanisms may be involved. (who.int)
  • The aim of the Monographs has been, from their inception, to evaluate evidence of carcinogenicity at any stage in the carcinogenesis process, independently of the underlying mechanisms. (who.int)
  • Intraspecific variation is a primary determinant of species vulnerability to climate change, with implications for global patterns of impacts of ongoing warming. (biorxiv.org)
  • HOPE focuses on assessing the role that human activity during the Holocene has had on the major determinants of community assembly , structure, and dynamics over a range of spatial scales ranging from continents and biomes, to individual pollen sites, namely processes underlying the observed patterns. (uib.no)
  • In contrast, with the melanistic morph, natural selection was more complex and tied to variation in weather and climate, making it harder to predict from past patterns of change. (phys.org)
  • 1. This article reviews the application of some summary statistics from current theory of spatial point processes for extracting information from spatial patterns of plants. (elsevierpure.com)
  • Results are illustrated in the context of specific ecological questions about spatial patterns of trees in two forests. (elsevierpure.com)
  • We identified patterns of co-variation between members of the marine microbiome. (peerj.com)
  • Macroecological rules have been developed for plants and animals that describe large-scale distributional patterns and attempt to explain the underlying physiological and ecological processes behind them. (frontiersin.org)
  • However, when microorganisms and macroorganisms shared the same macroecological patterns, underlying environmental drivers (e.g., temperature) were the same. (frontiersin.org)
  • Mathematical and computational models are powerful tools to investigate patterns and delve into the processes behind them, making sense of the complexity of natural systems, from individuals to communities. (ictp-saifr.org)
  • In the first part, I will discuss how interactions across different levels of organization are shaped in nature and discuss the theoretical processes that may have resulted in observed interaction patterns. (ictp-saifr.org)
  • How ectothermic animals will cope with global warming, especially more frequent and intense heatwaves, is a critical determinant of the ecological impacts of climate change. (biorxiv.org)
  • Notably, freshwater tropical species have lower variation in tolerance than temperate species in the northern hemisphere, which implies increased vulnerability to impacts of thermal stress. (biorxiv.org)
  • In turn, geomorphological processes have large impacts on ecological processes and biogeochemical fluxes by shaping topography and affecting water availability, which determines biological diversity and succession. (copernicus.org)
  • Multiple health and environmental impacts of foods. (lu.se)
  • Mercury bioaccumulation and biomagnification in lakes and reservoirs are controlled by numerous biogeochemical and ecological factors, contributing to variability in fish Hg concentrations both within and among systems. (rsc.org)
  • They encompass many processes, e.g. population growth rates, shifts in range, changes in biogeochemical cycling, community composition changes, speciation, and extinctions at a range of spatial and temporal scales. (uib.no)
  • This heterogeneity results in alterations to environmental fluxes (e.g. sediments, water, biogeochemical), the overall functioning of the systems, as well as any potential benefits from ecosystem services. (copernicus.org)
  • The extent of variation in functional traits within species, particularly of physiological tolerances, is expected to have a profound influence on their vulnerability to global change 12 - 15 . (biorxiv.org)
  • One downside is that mechanistic models of zoonoses often do not incorporate spatially heterogeneous ecological and environmental information, such as the environmental differences leading to variation in host suitability 25 . (nature.com)
  • These spatial statistics, especially those derived from pair densities, will help ecologists to extract important ecological information from intricate spatially correlated plants in populations and communities. (elsevierpure.com)
  • Future directions in police suicide research include investigating etiological factors such as past adverse life and family experiences, social-ecological variation in suicide, or differences in suicide rates within the law enforcement occupation. (cdc.gov)
  • The social ecological model conceptualizes health broadly and focuses on multiple factors that might affect health. (cdc.gov)
  • The social ecological model understands health to be affected by the interaction between the individual, the group/community, and the physical, social, and political environments (Israel et al. (cdc.gov)
  • Both the community engagement approach and the social ecological model recognize the complex role played by context in the development of health problems as well as in the success or failure of attempts to address these problems. (cdc.gov)
  • To inform its health promotion programs, CDC (2007) created a four-level model of the factors affecting health that is grounded in social ecological theory, as illustrated in Figure 1.2. (cdc.gov)
  • Biosphere dynamics ' are the ecological and evolutionary changes that occur as biological systems respond to, and contribute to, environmental change. (uib.no)
  • HOPE concentrates on ' ecological dynamics ' - the changes and interactions in the Earth life system expressed as changes in taxon distributions and abundances and in environment. (uib.no)
  • Individual variation can affect ecological dynamics through its effect on attack efficiency and handling time. (tristateactorstheater.org)
  • One reason for this is the impracticability of controlled or manipulative experimental studies at broad spatial and temporal scales, as well as historical contingencies and the complexity of ecological dynamics at these scales. (ictp-saifr.org)
  • These results highlight how temporally auto-correlated species' interaction rates impact the structure and dynamics of ecological communities. (nsf.gov)
  • Therefore, identifying how environmental conditions shape the effects of phenological shifts is key to predicting community dynamics across a heterogeneous landscape and how they will change with ongoing climate change in the future. (nsf.gov)
  • In HOPE these are called ' ecosystem or ecological properties ' and represent HOPE's major research focus. (uib.no)
  • By bringing together scientists from the fields of Geomorphology, Hydrology, Biogeosciences, and Soil Science, in this trans-disciplinary session we aim to stimulate discussion regarding the effects of ecosystem heterogeneity and complexity originating from biogeomorphic systems on environmental processes and feedbacks across varying spatial and temporal scales. (copernicus.org)
  • However, their ecological attributes are often overlooked, despite the presence of species, ecosystem services, and risks associated with the spread of pests or threatening processes such as fire. (cipra.org)
  • Furthermore, the expanded associations of MGII taxa with heterotrophic bacteria were observed, speculatively indicating the endogenous demand for co-processing high amount and diversity of organic matters in the estuarine ecosystem highly impacted by terrestrial/anthropogenic input, which is worthy of further study. (bvsalud.org)
  • It comprises the many differences among ecosystem types, including diversity of habitats and ecological processes. (iccb-eccb2015.org)
  • My work focuses on assessing the processes that shape diversity and the ecological implications of variation within microbial species. (exeter.ac.uk)
  • For example, the soil microbial biomass plays an important role in the nutrients cycle ( [36] ), resulting an important indicator of soil fertility for the ecological research and sustainable forest management ( [26] ). (sisef.it)
  • Through this study, they unravel the secrets behind the ecological diversity of life we see today, including speciation . (freescience.info)
  • I also use other study systems, including Podarcis wall lizards and the hybrid species Italian sparrow, shedding light on different components of the speciation process to gain a broad understanding of the phenomenon. (lu.se)
  • I use a range of approaches (including field sampling, ecological genomics, and lab experimentation) to characterise population-level diversity and to understand how diversity shapes species interactions (e.g. predation) and species responses to environmental variation. (exeter.ac.uk)
  • The 6 laboratory experiences cover the qualitative and quantitative analysis of populations and/or communities (micro and macroscopic, vegetal and animal), coming from different environments (natural, modified and artificial) both freshwater and marine, as well as the evaluation of responses to stress factors useful for environmental protection and evaluation. (unive.it)
  • I investigate how urban form can be used to predict ecological connectivity and assist in prioritizing urban landscapes for conservation activities and risk management. (cipra.org)
  • This ecological knowledge is essential in the face of factors like habitat loss or climate change, allowing for effective conservation measures based on natural selection. (freescience.info)
  • From unraveling the mysteries of natural selection and genetics to guiding conservation efforts, this field provides a comprehensive understanding of how ecological systems function. (freescience.info)
  • I will also show how simple, intuitive models can provide unprecedented information to assess risks and improve conservation prioritization and decision-making processes. (ictp-saifr.org)
  • Neutral theory postulates that the composition of biological communities is determined by stochastic processes only. (peerj.com)
  • 2013. Quantifying spatial and temporal variations in sediment, nitrogen and phosphorus transport to a large eutrophic lake . (gleon.org)
  • Evolution often appears random, even when driven by the deterministic process of natural selection, because we just aren't aware of all the environmental fluctuations and other factors taking place that drive change," says Utah State University biologist Zach Gompert. (phys.org)
  • Using genomic analysis, the scientists were able to show, in both cases, the deterministic process of selection was the likely cause of evolutionary change. (phys.org)
  • Herrera C.M. (1988) Variation in mutualisms: The spatio-temporal mosaic of a pollinator assemblage, Biol. (apidologie.org)
  • These results highlight the importance of accounting for temporal and spatial correlations of local environmental conditions and gape limitation when predicting the effects of phenological shifts and climate change on predator-prey systems. (nsf.gov)
  • While we can use the past to predict change, he says, we're constrained by our lack of knowledge of the future and complex ecological processes that contribute to change. (phys.org)
  • The researchers predict that site-to-site variation in Hg bioavailability and bioaccumulation will be based on environmental properties such as physical (surface area, watershed area), chemical (pH, nutrients, organic carbon), ecological (benthic and pelagic feeding), and land use factors (agricultural, forested, industrial). (nih.gov)
  • Prey species sharing an enemy (predator or parasitoid) can be linked by apparent competition, but it is unknown whether this process is strong enough to be a community-wide structuring mechanism that could be used to predict future states of diverse food webs. (imperial.ac.uk)
  • Ecological grief and anxiety: the start of a healthy response to climate change? (lu.se)
  • Observing ecological associations among microbes in situ represents a much less trivial task than doing so for animals and plants. (peerj.com)
  • Recommendations were made for the management of technical and biological variation. (nist.gov)
  • Changes in the genetic composition of foundation species and in gene-environment interactions are becoming more prevalent as a result of biological invasions, anthropogenic pollution, climate warming, and other manifestations of environmental change. (umces.edu)
  • Understanding these feedbacks between biological and geomorphological processes is becoming increasingly important as new 'building with nature' projects emerge and also increasingly find its way into management (i.e. restoration projects, nature based solutions). (copernicus.org)
  • The course aims to provide students with practical knowledge of applied ecology on ecological systems on a multidisciplinary scale by integrating biological, chemical, physical and sedimentological knowledge with statistical applications and processing. (unive.it)
  • The laboratory tests intend to introduce both the main physical-chemical field measurements and the basic biological elements closely related to environmental and climatic variations. (unive.it)
  • Mobility depends on a complex individual on or above the Earth's surface 24 hours a day with a repertoire of biological, behavioral and environmental processes high level of accuracy [18]. (cdc.gov)
  • Vice Coordinator of the Doctorate of Earth and environmental sciences and technologies. (researchgate.net)
  • NIEHS is committed to conducting the most rigorous research in environmental health sciences, and to communicating the results of this research to the public. (nih.gov)
  • NIEHS offers a broad range of job opportunities, career enhancement programs, and research training grants and programs in environmental health sciences and administration. (nih.gov)
  • The National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS) is expanding and accelerating its contributions to scientific knowledge of human health and the environment, and to the health and well-being of people everywhere. (nih.gov)
  • Bachelor of Science (Agricultural and Environmental Sciences) (B.Sc. (mcgill.ca)
  • We argue that a process of cultural group selection favoring more complex societies may have been important in shaping the present-day global distribution of language diversity. (gnxp.com)
  • 2015. Predicting the resilience and recovery of aquatic systems: A framework for model evolution within environmental observatories . (gleon.org)
  • Such processes can vary across a wide range of scales - from the particle to the landscape - which can directly impact both the form (geomorphology) and, on Earth, the function (ecology and biology) of natural systems and the built infrastructure surrounding them. (copernicus.org)
  • NIEHS research uses state-of-the-art science and technology to investigate the interplay between environmental exposures, human biology, genetics, and common diseases to help prevent disease and improve human health. (nih.gov)
  • Evolutionary biology, with its focus on the adaptation of species to their environment, is crucial for understanding the intricate workings of ecological systems. (freescience.info)
  • One of the primary contributions of evolutionary biology to ecology is its ability to elucidate how biologists study and understand the ecological adaptations of species. (freescience.info)
  • Although there is mounting evidence indicating that the relative timing of predator and prey phenologies determines the outcome of trophic interactions, we still lack a comprehensive understanding of how the environmental context (e.g., abiotic conditions) influences this relationship. (nsf.gov)
  • Only in the system with a strong gape limitation were predators (salamanders) significantly affected by prey arrival time and this effect varied with environmental context. (nsf.gov)
  • HMSC partitions variation in species occurrences to components that relate to environmental filtering, species interactions, and random processes. (helsinki.fi)
  • Environmental conditions not only frequently drive shifts in phenologies, but they can also affect the very same processes that mediate the effects of phenological shifts on species interactions. (nsf.gov)
  • The research results that are described in the papers found in this journal issue represent a distinct milestone in the ongoing evolution of the BLM approach and, more generally, of approaches to performing ecological assessments for metals in aquatic systems. (researchgate.net)
  • More broadly we must consider how environmental change might force evolution to occur among parasites, their vectors and their human or animal hosts. (theconversation.com)
  • The main result is that a wide class of niche models exhibit monotonic increase in the environmental perturbation under successive invasions/evolution. (santafe.edu)
  • In the second part, I will address how genetic structure is important for the evolution of strategies and how the evolutionary process leaves signals in phylogenetic trees. (ictp-saifr.org)
  • 2013. The Global Lake Ecological Observatory Network (GLEON): The evolution of grassroots network science . (gleon.org)
  • Broadly, my research strives to identify how variation arises and the processes by which it enables adaptation to novel environments and how it sorts into new species, as well as which ecological settings and factors that promote these processes. (lu.se)
  • With newly developed molecular tools and approaches, genetic regulation of key ecological processes can now be elucidated at unprecedented levels of resolution, and in nearly every study system. (umces.edu)
  • Recent outbreaks of animal-borne emerging infectious diseases have likely been precipitated by a complex interplay of changing ecological, epidemiological and socio-economic factors. (nature.com)
  • Understanding these intricate relationships helps ecologists comprehend the delicate balance within ecological communities and the role of natural selection in driving variation. (freescience.info)
  • Furthermore, biogeomorphic feedbacks influence important environmental fluxes, and this connection remains poorly understood. (copernicus.org)
  • 2010. A mass balance evaluation of the ecological significance of historical nitrogen fluxes in Lake Kinneret . (gleon.org)
  • Hierarchical Modelling of Species Communities (HMSC) is a model-based approach for analyzing community ecological data (Ovaskainen et a.2017a). (helsinki.fi)
  • It can be used to generate simulated communities under given environmental conditions, and thus its predictions can be compared to independent validation data, and it can be used for scenario simulations. (helsinki.fi)
  • There is variation in transmission not just at country or regional level, but quite often within communities . (theconversation.com)
  • Resource availability and predation play a major role in ecological regulation, and species must constantly adapt to their environment. (tristateactorstheater.org)
  • I found that delaying prey arrival dramatically increased predation rates, but these effects were contingent on environmental conditions and the predator system. (nsf.gov)
  • Our results provide insight into the key factors associated with fish [THg] variations both within and across systems, and may be useful for exposure assessment and for identifying sites and water bodies prone to high fish [THg] as monitoring priorities. (rsc.org)
  • Despite some advances, the conceptualisation and quantification of the processes, rates and feedbacks between geomorphology and ecology are still limited, particularly in systems that are sensitive to human-induced or natural environmental change (e.g. high-mountain and polar environments, deserts, hillslopes, rivers and wetlands, salt marshes and deltas). (copernicus.org)
  • Therefore, the understanding of the ecological processes following the gap formation are essential for sustainable forest management systems. (sisef.it)
  • Building on established community resources, duckweed is reemerging as a platform to study plant processes at the systems level and to translate knowledge gained for field deployment to address some of society's pressing needs. (osti.gov)
  • Here I tested how environmental conditions shape the effects of phenological shifts by experimentally manipulating temperature, nutrient availability, and relative phenologies in two predator-prey freshwater systems (mole salamander-bronze frog vs. dragonfly larvae-leopard frog). (nsf.gov)
  • CONCLUSIONS: Our study reveals an important role for native microbiota in protecting shrimp from bacterial pathogens and provides a micro-ecological regulation strategy towards the development of probiotics to ameliorate aquatic animal diseases. (bvsalud.org)
  • For coastal scientists and managers to effectively collect, evaluate, and/or use lidar data in salt marshes, factors affecting elevation uncertainty ( e.g. , plant species, season, and lidar processing methods) must be well understood. (bioone.org)
  • While previous studies have examined the role of a number of environmental variables the importance of cultural factors has not been systematically addressed. (gnxp.com)
  • Understanding the spatial non-stationarity in the relationships between malaria incidence and environmental risk factors using Geographically Weighted Random Forest: A case study in Rwanda , Geospatial Health, 18(1), 1184. (lu.se)
  • In both field and experimental studies project researchers investigate parallel processes influencing inorganic and MeHg fate in reservoirs and estuaries with a focus on lower trophic levels where Hg enters the food web. (nih.gov)
  • The PhD will investigate several important environmental issues from a societal perspective but at the same time model decisions by farmers on their use of agricultural land, and generate findings relevant for sustainable development and formulating policy. (lu.se)
  • Are there ecological summary statistics that change monotonically over time? (santafe.edu)
  • Pamela -- why do some vaccines fail to produce large-scale ecological change (i.e., pathogen extinction)? (santafe.edu)
  • The aim is to learn about the parameters related to the main environmental processes and the interaction between biotic and abiotic elements for environmental quality assessment and environmental management. (unive.it)
  • These results provide a simple but novel tool for beginning to understand the role of urban morphology in promoting desirable environmental outcomes and managing environmental risks in urbanizing landscapes. (cipra.org)
  • the discussion of case studies and the application of animal and vegetable bioindicators useful to the protection and environmental assessment. (unive.it)
  • The information we get from ecological studies can be used to project what might happen in the future. (theconversation.com)