Ecological effects exposure and risk assessment. Medical search. Frequent questions

Risks to groups of organisms with similar exposures were compared by deriving exposure factors for major exposure pathways. (astm.org)
The substance met the ecological categorization criteria for persistence, but did not meet the ecological categorization criteria for bioaccumulation potential or inherent toxicity to aquatic organisms. (gc.ca)
Once in the food chain, microplastics can increase exposure and risk to various organisms that have both ecological and human health effects. (tetratech.com)
Over the last three decades, an increasing interest in how climate change will affect life on earth has motivated many comparative physiologists to focus their research on the effects of Anthropogenic drivers (mainly represented by climate change and pollution) on the physiological performance of their study organisms in order to identify critical thresholds and tipping points for their sustainable existence or mere survival. (easychair.org)
In conclusion it was possible to define a preliminary scenario of the different effects that CB litter can cause to different key organisms in aquatic environments, underlining the importace of monitoring of this "emerging pollutant" in both internal and coastal areas. (easychair.org)
Web Ice - Estimates acute toxicity to aquatic and terrestrial organisms for use in risk assessment. (epa.gov)
Socio-economic considerations: The impact of genetically modified organisms goes beyond ecological and health dimensions. (biosafety-info.net)
As well, based on the anticipated continued or increasing exposure of organisms to BPA, the report concluded the chemical may cause ecological harm. (siskinds.com)

A wide-ranging compilation of techniques, Extrapolation Practice for Ecotoxicological Effect Characterization of Chemicals describes methods of extrapolation in the framework of ecological risk assessment. (routledge.com)
Temporal Extrapolation en Ecological Effect Assessment of Chemicals. (routledge.com)
Spatial Extrapolation in ecological Effect Assessment of Chemicals. (routledge.com)
Guidance on the Application of Extrapolation Methods in Ecological Exposure and Effects Characterization of Chemicals. (routledge.com)
EPA researchers are developing, integrating, and evaluating ecological models to predict effects of pesticides and other chemicals on endangered species and wildlife populations. (epa.gov)
For these chemicals, risk assessments rely on ecological models to estimate exposure and subsequent effects. (epa.gov)
ECOTOX - Provides information on adverse effects of single chemicals to ecologically relevant aquatic and terrestrial species. (epa.gov)
As an ecologist with more than 30 years of experience, he has led the development of risk management decision frameworks, ecotoxicological empirical methods, and new ecological models to assess population- and ecosystem-level effects of chemicals and other stressors. (integral-corp.com)
The toxic effects of these chemicals can alter reproductive behavior and might be reducing population sizes. (eurekalert.org)
Exposure to a potential fetal health hazard can be estimated through ecological assessment (e.g., testing the community water supply), questionnaires (e.g., classifying residents accord- ing to whether they drink bottled or tap water), or biological markers (e.g., testing for exposures to chemicals or solvents found in tap water). (cdc.gov)
The drivers of my research are the needs to accurately predict exposure and effects of contaminants at ecosystem level to enable scientifically sound ecological risk assessments of past, present and future chemicals released from anthropogenic activities. (lu.se)
Environment 2014-2019 ( 6 ), covering water, sanitation, exacerbated by the combined effects of climate change, waste, air quality, chemicals and climate change, as well as biodiversity loss and the degradation of natural systems. (who.int)
In 1969, the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) initiated a programme to evaluate the carcinogenic risk of chemicals to humans and to produce monographs on individual chemicals. (who.int)
The Monographs programme has since been expanded to include consideration of exposures to complex mixtures of chemicals (which occur, for example, in some occupations and as a result of human habits) and of exposures to other agents, such as radiation and viruses. (who.int)
With Supplement 6 (IARC, 1987a), the title of the series was modified from IARC Monographs on the Evaluation of the Carcinogenic Risk of Chemicals to Humans to IARC Monographs on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans , in order to reflect the widened scope of the programme. (who.int)

In his new job he will evaluate environmental fate and ecological effects data and develop ecological risk assessments and drinking water exposure assessments for pesticides. (trincoll.edu)
While developing bodies certainly need ideal nourishment and physical activity, they also face the greatest risk from environmental toxins such as pesticides. (todaysdietitian.com)
Unfortunately, once pesticides are released into the environment, they can last for generations, creating both additive and synergistic effects with yet unknown consequences. (todaysdietitian.com)
Researchers at Emory University and the University of Washington indicate that switching children to an organic diet provides a "dramatic and immediate protective effect" against exposure to potentially harmful pesticides. (todaysdietitian.com)
2008) of pesticides.The exposure to insecticide contamination caused the impoverishment of the taxonomic diversity in both communities. (uab.cat)
The laboratory studies of acute sensitivity in bee species showed that pesticide effects on FVIs can vary greatly between species and pesticides. (hbz-nrw.de)
ENOH-0562-001 Pesticides and Public Health (1) Introduction to the toxicological, health effects, exposure, and policy issues surrounding the use of pesticides in agricultural and residential settings. (rutgers.edu)

They help define the potential hydrocarbons that become environmental contaminants, but any ultimate exposure is determined also by how the product changes with use, by the nature of the release, and by the hydrocarbon's environmental fate. (cdc.gov)
Risks to non-human receptors from contaminated soil at three Superfund sites in New York and New Jersey are assessed using new techniques for screening contaminants of potential concern (COPCs) and characterizing risk. (astm.org)
Contaminants were screened as ecological COPCs by comparing toxicity, mobility, and persistence thresholds to values for contaminants obtained from reference texts and electronic databases. (astm.org)
Environmental exposure to contaminants has affected alligators' reproductive and endocrine systems. (eurekalert.org)
We might think of our exposure as a chemical cocktail of sorts, with our bodies exposed to and harboring detectable levels of hundreds of different contaminants, including flame retardants, plasticizers, and pesticide residues. (todaysdietitian.com)
This kind of assessment if useful to the community since it prevents further development of contaminants. (writingscentre.com)
measuring environmental contaminants provides a gross, ecological esimate of the exposure incurred by pregnant women and their fetuses. (cdc.gov)
My research interests include the environmental influence on contaminant transport and uptake, and the ecological effects of contaminants on populations, communities and ecosystems. (lu.se)
A future goal of our research is to enable extrapolation of effects of contaminants at individual level, to population, community and ecosystem level. (lu.se)

Hazard characterization in ERC-I included a survey of existing predicted no-effect concentrations (PNEC) and water quality guidelines, and the derivation of new PNEC values when required. (canada.ca)

These factors multiplied by the contaminant concentration in the soil and divided by the appropriate toxicity threshold give risk quotients. (astm.org)
This is done to determine the level at which a contaminant can cause a particular effect on receptors. (writingscentre.com)
However, both research strategies are likely to underestimate the effects of the contaminant and to suggest toxicity reference values that are not protective of typical populations. (mercury2017.com)
Thus, contaminant exposure in captivity may fail to cause harm at levels that would be deleterious in the wild. (mercury2017.com)

His earlier work on wildlife exposure modeling was incorporated into EPA's ECOFRAM guidance on pesticide risk assessment. (integral-corp.com)
European pesticide risk assessment was devised to prevent unacceptable adverse consequences of pesticide use on FVIs. (hbz-nrw.de)

Results of the ERAs are compared, and the affect on risk management decisions at the three Superfund sites are considered. (astm.org)
It provides a broad overview of the ecological risk assessment (ERA) process as it is used in evaluating potential environmental risks and liabilities associated with hazardous waste sites using the basic ERA paradigm as outlined in USEPA's Ecological Risk Assessment Guidance for Superfund (ERAGS). (nwetc.org)
Dr. Robert Pastorok is an internationally recognized expert in ecological modeling and risk assessment to support FIFRA/ESA pesticide assessments, Superfund site evaluations, NRDAs, and management of natural resources. (integral-corp.com)
Dr. Pastorok led Superfund ecological risk assessments at the Upper Clark Fork River (Montana), Elliott Bay (Washington), McCormick & Baxter Creosoting Site (Oregon), and other sites. (integral-corp.com)

Clinical approaches to zoonoses, toxicants, and other shared health risks. (cdc.gov)
Exposure profiling considered two approaches: predictive modeling using a generic near-field exposure model for each substance, and an analysis of measured concentrations collected by federal and provincial water quality monitoring programs using antimony concentrations as a conservative indicator of exposure for the 11 substances. (canada.ca)
The introductory course is focused on the general policy and technical approaches to conducting an ecological risk assessment. (nwetc.org)
During the advanced sessions , the specific technical and regulatory approaches to completing ecological risk assessments are reviewed, with a focus on providing a hands-on understanding of an ERA, including the data collection aspects of the various lines of evidence used. (nwetc.org)
Simplistic, mechanical approaches to risk of bias assessments, which may particularly occur when these tools are used by nonexperts, can result in erroneous conclusions and sometimes may be used to dismiss important evidence. (nih.gov)
2023. Advancing exposure assessment approaches to improve wildlife risk assessment . (sfu.ca)
Data-driven computational approaches could be used as alternative methods to incorporate ecological trait data in spatio-temporal scenarios. (hbz-nrw.de)

We were all very happy to learn that Cameron has been offered a position with the EPA's Office of Pesticide Programs in the Environmental Fate and Effects Division. (trincoll.edu)
BIOR41 deals with the fundamentals of ecotoxicology where we explore some of the most important concepts such as: fate and transport, toxicity testing, direct and indirect effects on population, community and ecosystem levels, bioaccumulation and biomagnification and risk analysis and assessments. (lu.se)

ENOH-0588-001 History of Occupational Disease and Environmental Health (3) Development of ideas and practices in the prevention of workplace exposures and occupational diseases. (rutgers.edu)
To protect workers, workplace exposures and modifiable and unmodifiable characteristics should be considered in risk assessment and management. (cdc.gov)

Markov Chain Nest Productivity Model - Estimates the impact of pesticide exposures on the reproduction success of bird populations. (epa.gov)
Dr. Pastorok has authored more than 25 peer-reviewed publications and was the lead author and editor of the seminal book Ecological Modeling in Risk Assessment: Chemical Effects on Populations, Ecosystems, and Landscapes (2000, CRC Press). (integral-corp.com)
Mercury (Hg) contamination in aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems is a widespread issue that poses considerable reproductive, behavioral and physiological risks to wildlife populations. (mercury2017.com)
Contamination of FVI habitat needs to be linked to exposure of FVI individuals and ecologically complex effects on FVI populations should receive increased attention. (hbz-nrw.de)
Real-life exposure scenarios, such as the use of recommended application rates and best practices, can significantly reduce the potential impact on earthworm populations. (wormsurvey.org)
Proper pesticide management practices and risk assessments are essential to mitigate potential harm to earthworm populations. (wormsurvey.org)

A meta-analysis yields a quantitative effect estimate, such as the strength of the association between an exposure and an outcome. (nih.gov)
High-level assessments include quantitative estimates of ecologically-relevant risk and identification of risk mitigation options. (epa.gov)
Consequently, an efficient, quantitative approach to aquatic ecosystem risk assessment (ERA) remains a longstanding challenge in water pollution accidents. (iahr.org)
Health impacts of construction noise on workers: A quantitative assessment model based on exposure measurement. (civilejournal.org)
However, its impor- tance in quantitative risk assessment cannot be overemphasized. (cdc.gov)
The second step is quantitative risk estimation. (who.int)

The ecological risks of the 11 substances in the Antimony-containing Substances Group were characterized using the Ecological Risk Classification of Inorganic Substances (ERC-I). The ERC-I is a risk-based approach that employs multiple metrics considering both hazard and exposure in a weight of evidence. (canada.ca)
In this assessment, the ecological hazard and exposure potentials of the substances in the Alkyl Sulfates and α-Olefin Sulfonate Group were classified using the Ecological Risk Classification of Organic Substances Approach . (canada.ca)
and, sodium C 14-16 olefin sulfonate was identified as having high ecological hazard potential. (canada.ca)
The webinar is going to be presented by FSLCI-member Rebecca LeBlanc , a sustainability expert with practical experience in bridging between the LCA and Risk Assessment world, and George Thompson , a long time expert in Chemical Hazard and Risk Assessment. (fslci.org)

These methods are consistent with EPA's Framework for Ecological Risk Assessment (ERA) and are flexible enough to incorporate the limited data available for many hazardous waste sites. (astm.org)
National Center for Ecological Analysis and Synthesis is developing a framework to help governments estimate the costs of plastic pollution, taking into account the amount of plastic waste entering the environment, how long plastics last, and their impacts on the environment. (noaa.gov)
Dr. Pastorok has been a key participant in efforts to improve risk assessment methods including the EPA Framework for Ecological Risk Assessment, European programs advancing population modeling for eco. (integral-corp.com)
The second main objective was to evaluate the European risk assessment for possible deficits and propose improvements to the current framework. (hbz-nrw.de)
With little direct observational or experimental data available on the effects of wave, tidal, and offshore wind devices on marine animals, habitats, and ecosystem processes, researchers have developed the Environmental Risk Evaluation System (ERES) to provide preliminary assessments of these risks and to act as a framework for integrating future data on direct interactions of ocean energy devices with the environment. (springer.com)
The study's novelty lies in the development of a framework for construction noise assessment and abatement in India that is suggested and validated by construction industry professionals in real time projects. (civilejournal.org)

Evaluate asset and operational risks throughout your asset lifecycle. (exponent.com)
Assessors evaluate exposure to stressors and the relationship between stressor levels and ecological effects. (slideserve.com)
The aim of the present work was to evaluate the effect of CB leachates on target species with two batteries of marine and freshwater ecotoxicological bioassays. (easychair.org)
Increasingly, risk of bias tools are used to evaluate epidemiologic studies as part of evidence synthesis (evidence integration), often involving meta-analyses. (nih.gov)
Boxes 4 and 5 of this figure (evaluate evidence, integrate evidence) depict where risk of bias assessments come into play via evaluations of individual studies and evidence synthesis across studies, and they are the subject of this paper. (nih.gov)
University of Delaware (Delaware, $324,992) will evaluate the effects microplastics have on blue crabs and test whether exposure during their (larval) developmental stages impacts blue crab survival and settlement to Mid-Atlantic Bight estuaries. (noaa.gov)
This study explores the pattern of bacterial responses to metal and nutrient pollution loading and seeks to evaluate whether bacterial indicators can be effective as a biomonitoring risk assessment tool for wetland ecosystems. (mdpi.com)
Therefore, this study sought to quantify the levels of heavy metals in textiles, evaluate their leaching capabilities under various scenarios, and ultimately assess the potential health risks associated with MFs ingestion. (bvsalud.org)
The aim of this rapid review was to identify and evaluate published literature on dermal exposures to support the estimation of key percutaneous absorption parameters (Kp, flux, diffusion rate) for use in occupational risk assessment. (cdc.gov)
The criteria established in 1971 to evaluate carcinogenic risk to humans were adopted by the working groups whose deliberations resulted in the first 16 volumes of the IARC Monographs series . (who.int)

Neurobehavioural problems following low-level exposure: methodological considerations for future research. (cabi.org)

therefore, the LCMs containing halogens presented significant acute and chronic toxic effects . (bvsalud.org)
Published "no effect levels", chronic, and acute test endpoints were used to establish conservative toxicity thresholds. (astm.org)
Prevention and control activities rely perceived severity of influenza A(H7N9) as lower than that on accurate measures of exposure to live poultry, risk per- of severe acute respiratory syndrome, and perceived sever- ception and psychological and behavioral responses related ity of influenza A(H7N9) as higher than that of influenza to the virus, and attitudes toward specific control measures. (cdc.gov)
The study also found that the proportion of these urinary metabolites varied considerably depending on whether the subjects had high or low acute exposures or whether the subjects had general environmental exposures (i.e., not agricultural workers). (who.int)

A brief fact sheet providing risk, cost, and performance information on alternative methods and other pollution prevention ideas, compliance initiatives, voluntary efforts, etc. (frtr.gov)
Results from pilot studies have been presented to regional scientific societies to offer a better understanding of ecological implications of microplastics, develop policies to reduce plastic pollution, and launch the Chesapeake Bay Program's Plastic Pollution Action Team (PPAT). (tetratech.com)
Water pollution accidents has become a continuous concern due to its adverse effects on aquatic ecosystems, which are generally characterized by short term-high level exposures and particularly, dynamical fluctuations of exposure concentrations. (iahr.org)
Crude oil pollution I. Deepwater Horizon contamination: human health effects and health risk assessments, a case study. (cabi.org)
Floods have the potential to cause fatalities and injury, displacement of people, pollution and health risk, damage to buildings and infrastructure, adverse environmental impacts and to severely compromise economic and social activities. (belfastcity.gov.uk)
Health (EH) is an area of growing importance for EMR, with all countries to invest in vulnerability and risk and environmental risk factors such as air, water and assessment, preparedness, response and recovery soil pollution, chemical exposures, climate change and planning. (who.int)
nomic problems related to chemical exposures and pollution. (cdc.gov)

Refers to Section 6 (b) of the Federal Insecticide, Fungicide and Rodenticide Act (FIFRA) which authorizes cancellation of a pesticide registration if unreasonable adverse effects to the environment and public health develop when a product is used according to widespread and commonly recognized practice, or if its labeling or other material required to be submitted does not comply with FIFRA provisions. (frtr.gov)
Available information indicates that these substances may have potential adverse effects on organs, such as the liver. (canada.ca)
Environmental androgens have caused adverse effects in several fish species as well as humans. (eurekalert.org)
There are adverse effects that are caused by the increased level of toxicity in the environment. (writingscentre.com)
Research findings on bifenthrin's impact on earthworms are diverse, with adverse effects observed at higher concentrations or prolonged exposure. (wormsurvey.org)
Although levels of BPA exposure in this population appears to be below levels needed to cause adverse effects, some studies raised the possibility that even low levels of BPA may be of concern. (siskinds.com)

Rather than a checklist approach when evaluating individual studies using risk of bias tools, we call for identifying and quantifying possible biases, their direction, and their impacts on parameter estimates. (nih.gov)
2011. Risk evaluation for federally listed (roseate tern, piping plover) or candidate (red knot) bird species in offshore waters: A first step for managing the potential impacts of wind facility development on the Atlantic Outer Continental Shelf. (springer.com)
2.1.2 The European Union Floods Directive confirms that development can exacerbate the consequences of flooding and identifies the important role of the planning system in managing development so as to reduce the risks and impacts of flooding. (belfastcity.gov.uk)
The health impacts of environmental risks are mission needing adoption and implementation of manifested as both communicable and noncommunicable an overarching integrated "ecological public health diseases in all EMR countries. (who.int)

Extrapolation of Effects Measures Across Levels of Biological Organization in Ecological Risk Assessment. (routledge.com)
Introduction The research of Hatch (1) has greatly increased our understand- ing of the use and potential limitations of biological markers for adverse reproductive effects. (cdc.gov)
In this example, a biological exposure marker (blood lead-level) was available for classifying mothers according to their exposure to lead. (cdc.gov)
Protecting worker and public health involves an understanding of multiple determinants, including exposures to biological, chemical, or physical agents or stressors in combination with other determinants including type of employment, health status, and individual behaviors. (cdc.gov)
Chemical analogues and compounds with biological or physical characteristics similar to those of suspected carcinogens may also be considered, even in the absence of data on a possible carcinogenic effect in humans or experimental animals. (who.int)

The Toxicology of Fishes provides complete coverage of exposure, uptake, and distribution of chemical pollutants by fish and their responses within individuals, species, and communities. (chipsbooks.com)

It focuses on the extrapolation of chemical effects and covers the extrapolation of exposures in the context of interactions between toxicants and the matrix. (routledge.com)
Extrapolation in the Context of Criteria Setting and Risk Assessment. (routledge.com)
I have served as an expert for multiple worker injury and wrongful death allegations within the context of environmental exposure. (experts.com)
While studies have demonstrated potential negative effects of bifenthrin on earthworms, it is crucial to consider the ecological context and conduct thorough risk assessments. (wormsurvey.org)
Such data are needed to allow for improved evaluation of Pb exposures in an occupational risk assessment context. (cdc.gov)

Cumulative Risks from Stressor Exposures and Personal Risk Factors in the Workplace: Examples from a Scoping Review. (cdc.gov)
This scoping review characterizes existing evidence of combined stressor exposures and personal factors and risk to foster methods for occupational cumulative risk assessment. (cdc.gov)

Substances in this group were identified as priorities for assessment as they met categorization criteria under subsection 73(1) of CEPA. (canada.ca)

Analytical methods are evolving in response to needs of the risk assessors. (cdc.gov)
We review the strengths and limitations of risk of bias assessments, in particular, for reviews of observational studies of environmental exposures, and we also comment more generally on methods of evidence synthesis. (nih.gov)
To determine the amount of agents inhaled or contaminating individuals, there are various methods that can be used to determine the amount of effects that has been felt among people. (writingscentre.com)
All of these techniques are more difficult and expensive than current methods, but if we are interested in identifying meaningful effects thresholds, continuing with the current strategy is imprudent. (mercury2017.com)
2001. Probabilistic risk analysis: foundations and methods . (springer.com)
Proper pesticide management, including targeted application, avoiding excessive use, and considering alternative pest control methods, can help minimize risks. (wormsurvey.org)
In conclusion, while bifenthrin can have detrimental effects on earthworms under certain conditions, responsible pesticide use, adherence to recommended application rates, and considering alternative pest control methods can help strike a balance between effective pest management and preserving the vital role of earthworms in our ecosystems. (wormsurvey.org)
As Hulka has so clearly stated, "the most important current limitation in many epidemiological studies is the relative inac- curacy of methods for measuring the exposure variable" (2). (cdc.gov)
I am also teaching on the course VBR 180 Methods in risk assessments at LTH, where I am coordinator for the Ecological Risk Assessment module. (lu.se)
While conceptual developments in cumulative risk assessment to inform a more holistic approach to these real-life conditions have progressed, gaps remain, and practical methods and applications are rare. (cdc.gov)

Evidence synthesis (or evidence integration) is widely used to summarize findings of epidemiologic studies of environmental and occupational exposures. (nih.gov)
Occupational Noise Sources and Exposures in Construction Industries. (civilejournal.org)
Revisiting the NIOSH Criteria for a Recommended Standard: Occupational Noise Exposure. (civilejournal.org)
Occupational exposure may occur through both inhalation and dermal adsorption during the manufacture of atrazine, its formulation, and its application. (who.int)
Lead (Pb) exposure continues to be a significant public health issue in both occupational and non-occupational settings. (cdc.gov)
The utility of these estimates to occupational dermal exposures is limited, because the confidence in the estimates is not high. (cdc.gov)
Health risk assessment practices for environmental and occupational health typically do not incorporate multiple stressors in combination with personal risk factors. (cdc.gov)
Exposures to mixtures of agents may occur in occupational exposures and as a result of personal and cultural habits (like smoking and dietary practices). (who.int)

radiation, contribute to more than 100 diseases and Environmental risks are key determinants of health injuries, and environmental hazards are responsible for across the life course. (who.int)
Non-communicable diseases (NCDs) are emerging as the leading cause of death globally and also in the South East Asia region due to many social determinants like unhealthy lifestyles, globalization, trade and marketing, demographic and economic transitions, leading to behavioral and metabolic risk factors. (who.int)
Therefore, NCDs are preventable or their onset can be delayed if underlying socio- economic determinants and behavioral risk factors are addressed in a multisectoral strategic long term wel executed action plans. (who.int)

The sampling design was based on a conceptual model in which the key drivers of biosentinel exposure were Total Mercury Contamination of sediment (Total Mercury Contamination) and physicochemical environmental conditions associated with production of methylmercury (Net Methylation Environment). (mercury2017.com)

Pursuant to section 74 of the Canadian Environmental Protection Act, 1999 (CEPA 1999), the Ministers of the Environment and of Health have conducted a screening assessment on benzene, 1-methyl-2-nitro- (2-nitrotoluene), Chemical Abstracts Service Registry Number 88-72-2. (gc.ca)
Our purpose is to promote the conduct of scientifically robust and technically advanced assessments of risks from chemical exposure through certification of individuals with demonstrated expertise in Environmental Risk Assessment. (ibera-certification.org)
The association certifies environmental risk assessors based on excellence standards to ensure that those who successfully achieve these standards honor the profession, are fully capable to function as environmental risk assessors for chemical substances and act with dignity, respect and wisdom. (ibera-certification.org)
For instance, the number of mission or chemical additive in most of the products on the market today, need to texted with comprehensive study on the toxicity assessment done to determine the effects of this drug on the individual. (writingscentre.com)

It was confirmed that LCMs could eventually accumulate in the human body along the aquatic food chain or penetrate the bloodstream through the dermis , thereby causing harm to health by identifying the exposure pathways of LCMs in humans . (bvsalud.org)
Considering all available lines of evidence presented in this screening assessment, there is a low risk of harm to the environment from the 11 antimony-containing substances. (canada.ca)
On the basis of the carcinogenic potential of 2-nitrotoluene, for which there may be a probability of harm at any exposure level, it is concluded that 2-nitrotoluene is a substance that may be entering the environment in a quantity or concentration or under conditions that constitute or may constitute a danger in Canada to human life or health. (gc.ca)
The Government of Canada conducted a science-based evaluation of the Alkyl Sulfates and α-Olefin Sulfonate Group, called a screening assessment , to address the potential for harm to Canadians and to the environment. (canada.ca)
The risks associated with specific interactions for which data are more readily available are explored including interactions between ocean energy devices and surface vessels, toxicity of anti-biofouling paints, and potential for harm to animals from turbine blade strike. (springer.com)
However, it is important to note that these effects are dose-dependent, and higher concentrations or prolonged exposure are more likely to cause harm. (wormsurvey.org)

As is recognized in many guidelines, evidence synthesis requires a broader approach than simply evaluating risk of bias in individual studies followed by synthesis of studies judged unbiased, or with studies given more weight if judged less biased. (nih.gov)
Bias assessments are important in evidence synthesis, but we argue they can and should be improved to address the concerns we raise here. (nih.gov)
This was followed by a synthesis of studies about the exposure of FVIs in their habitat and subsequent effects. (hbz-nrw.de)
2010. Environmental and ecological effects of ocean renewable energy development: a current synthesis. (springer.com)

2012. Assessment of toxicity to aquatic resources from antifouling coatings used on marine and hydrokinetic devices . (springer.com)

Living wood within streams and rivers has a very different ecological role from dead wood. (eurekalert.org)
The aim of this study was to estimate the malaria transmission intensity in 2 different ecological zones in a highly endemic malaria area of Sennar state in central Sudan over the main transmission period. (who.int)

Estimates risk of producing new product, releasing a pesticide or effluent into the environment, etc. (slideserve.com)
To characterize exposure, intake estimates from environmental media, food, drinking water and uses of certain product types were derived. (canada.ca)
Markov Chain Nest Productivity Model Estimating Tool - Estimates probabilities of failure of avian reproduction in the presence of competing risks. (epa.gov)
However, ecological estimates can lead to significant misclassification of individual exposure (3). (cdc.gov)
Data on combination exposures can improve assessments and risk estimates and inform protective exposure limits and management strategies. (cdc.gov)

Thus, all transgenic protein concentrations were all within the conservative margins between exposure and corresponding no-observed-effect-concentrations (NOEC). (isaaa.org)
The results of the study support the conclusion that protein expression data generated from single events and the conservative manner for setting non-target effects test concentrations allows for the transportability of existing NOECs to the ecological risk assessment of conventionally bred stacks. (isaaa.org)
A significant increase of the bpm in adults exposed to high concentrations of smoked CB leachate was observed after 48 h of exposure. (easychair.org)
Lacewing larvae fed with glyphosate at concentrations below recommended application doses showed arrested development and high mortality, revealing a gap in risk assessment that does not test direct oral exposure of insects to systemic herbicides. (biosafety-info.net)
The effects of soil contamination with the insecticide carbofuran on two geographically distinct microarthropod communities (Mediterranean and Tropical) were evaluated in their soils of origin under controlled laboratory conditions.After contamination of two agricultural soils from Portugal and Brazil, a gradient of concentrations was prepared. (uab.cat)
Recent studies have documented unexpectedly high concentrations of methylmercury in terrestrial invertivores indicating possible risk from exposure via the food web. (mercury2017.com)
No apical effects were observed in double-crested cormorant embryos up to the highest concentrations of chlorpyrifos (no-observed-effect level [NOEL] = 25 µg/g) or FLX (NOEL = 18 µg/g). (ecotoxchip.ca)

Metals in the aquatic environment accumulate in the food chain and lead to ecological damage as well as human health risks after eating such aquatic organism [ 4 ]. (alliedacademies.org)
Although an ecological risk assessment has been prepared, the focus of this assessment of 2-nitrotoluene relates primarily to human health risks. (gc.ca)
This has been illustrated during the COVID-19 pandemic by increased exposure and health risks for essential workers and those with pre-existing conditions, and mask-wearing behavior. (cdc.gov)

Interaction among risk assessors, risk managers, and interested parties all phases of an ERA is critical to ensure that the results can be used to support a management decision. (slideserve.com)
Because of the diverse expertise required (especially in complex ecological risk assessments), risk assessors and risk managers frequently work in multidisciplinary teams. (slideserve.com)
Beginning of dialogue between risk managers and risk assessors. (slideserve.com)

The vast majority of exposure and toxicological studies have focused on effects related to inhalation and gastrointestinal exposure routes. (cdc.gov)

Exposure to 2-nitrotoluene has also been associated with non-cancer effects in experimental animals, including developmental and reproductive effects as well as effects in the lungs, liver, spleen, bone marrow and the hematopoietic system. (gc.ca)
Based on the consideration of international data, these substances are not considered to be carcinogenic (able to cause cancer), genotoxic (adversely affect genetic material), and they do not cause reproductive health effects or developmental effects. (canada.ca)
Alternately, dosing may be carried out on a model species in captivity to measure effects on reproductive success or physiological condition. (mercury2017.com)
Likewise, there are great potentials and pitfalls in the emerging field of exposure biomarkers for reproductive health. (cdc.gov)

Effects of the Deepwater Horizon contamination on sediment toxicity in the Gulf of Mexico. (cabi.org)
Exxon Valdez contamination: ecological recovery, a case study. (cabi.org)

3. Ecosystems Potentially at Risk? (slideserve.com)
Environmental risks of pharmaceutical mixtures in aquatic ecosystems: reflections on a decade of research. (janusinfo.se)

The main work of the Institute is research into the effects and mechanisms of action of foreign substances, particularly after chronic exposure in the low dose range. (europa.eu)
CEPA), the Minister of the Environment and the Minister of Health have conducted a screening assessment of 11 substances referred to collectively as the Antimony-containing Substances Group. (canada.ca)
The ERC-I identified these 11 antimony-containing substances as having low ecological concern. (canada.ca)
however, as a result of this screening assessment, it was found that the risk posed by these 4 substances is low at current levels of exposure. (canada.ca)
This screening assessment focuses on 4 substances referred to collectively as the Alkyl Sulfates and α-Olefin Sulfonate Group . (canada.ca)
The 4 substances addressed in this screening assessment are triethanolamine (TEA) lauryl sulfate, sodium lauryl sulfate, ammonium lauryl sulfate, and sodium C 14-16 olefin sulfonate. (canada.ca)
These substances were identified as having a low ecological exposure potential. (canada.ca)
The Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) developed a Screening Information Data Set Initial Assessment Report for alkyl sulfates, alkane sulfonates and α-olefin sulfonates, which informed the human health evaluation of these substances. (canada.ca)
Based upon a comparison of levels to which Canadians can be exposed and the levels associated with health effects, the risk to human health from these substances is low. (canada.ca)
The ecological risk of these 4 substances was characterized using the Ecological Risk Classification of Organic Substances Approach. (canada.ca)
Conclusion: drug use by parents jeopardizes the child's growth and development and can lead to behavioral and mental health problems, either because of direct consequences or because of indirect effects of the child's consumption of these substances. (bvsalud.org)

This review identifies important elements for robust environmental risk assessment, which need to be taken into account for a risk-oriented regulatory approach towards genome-edited plant applications in the EU. (biosafety-info.net)
In the long term, European FVI risk assessment would benefit from shifting its general principles towards more scientifically informed regulatory decisions. (hbz-nrw.de)
Improving the regulatory environmental risk assessment of human pharmaceuticals: Required changes in the new legislation. (janusinfo.se)
Proposal for regulatory risk mitigation measures for human pharmaceutical residues in the environment. (janusinfo.se)

Exposure to inorganic Pb compounds through dermal absorption has been less well studied, perhaps due to the assumption that the dermal pathway is a minor contributor to aggregate exposures to Pb compounds. (cdc.gov)
These two studies reported that exposures via dermal routes could elevate blood Pb by over 6 g dl-1. (cdc.gov)

1.1.3 The purpose of this Flooding Supplementary Planning Guidance (SPG) is to support policies ENV4 - Flood risk and ENV5 - Sustainable drainage systems (SuDS) of the Belfast LDP Plan Strategy 2035. (belfastcity.gov.uk)
1.1.4 It is intended that this SPG will also provide advice and guidance to applicants to ensure that new development in areas at risk from flooding are adequately protected and that the risk of flooding elsewhere is not exacerbated as a result of development. (belfastcity.gov.uk)

However, the success of the emerging nanotech nology applications will depend on dynamic development of nanomaterial toxicology, risk and exposure assessment. (cdc.gov)
That in place, toxicology assessment will definitely be of help to the community at large since it will help curb a situation before it happens. (writingscentre.com)

When petroleum products are released into the environment, changes occur that significantly affect their potential effects. (cdc.gov)

Cardiovascular diseases (CVD), Chronic non-infectious respiratory diseases (like COPD), Cancers and Diabetes Mel itus are referred as essential non-communicable disease with wel established common modifiable risk factors. (who.int)
Tobacco use, harmful alcohol use, unhealthy diet as consumption of less fruits and vegetables, high salt and trans-fat consumption, and physical inactivity are the common behaviorally modifiable risk factors of NCDs while overweight and obesity, raised blood pressure, raised blood glucose and abnormal blood lipids are the metabolic risk factors. (who.int)
Indoor air pol ution is another important modifiable behavioral risk factor for the region and the country. (who.int)
On the brighter side, major NCD risk factors are behaviorally modifiable and are influenced by socio- economic conditions, making socio-economic factors as both cause and effect of these diseases. (who.int)

Are Honey Bees at Risk from Microplastics? (mdpi.com)
Tetra Tech is conducting a multifaceted, multiyear assessment of the risk of microplastics to fish in the tidal waters of the Potomac and Anacostia Rivers around Washington, DC. (tetratech.com)
Our experts developed a conceptual ecological risk assessment model for microplastics to better understand how microplastics reach striped bass in the Potomac River. (tetratech.com)

The ATSDR approach to assessing the public health implications of exposure to TPH is presented in Section 2.3. (cdc.gov)
Organophosphates I. Human health effects and implications for the environment: an overview. (cabi.org)
The implications of the findings help to improve our theoretical understanding of how construction workers involve in preventive measures and will aid in the development of safety policies and training programs to increase worker knowledge and curb risk-taking behaviour. (civilejournal.org)
Epidemiological studies have noted the effects of cancer genetics, defined family pedigrees and penetrance, and identified subsets of certain cancers and their implications for treatment and prognosis. (medscape.com)

Consequently, it is important to establish model systems in the laboratory, which mimic the ecological interactions and complexity of the real world. (biosafety-info.net)

The range of activities is complemented by reports on risk assessment for humans. (europa.eu)
Thus, TPH itself is not a direct indicator of risk to humans or to the environment. (cdc.gov)
Major new US government study finds a positive association between glyphosate exposure and urinary oxidative stress, a key characteristic of carcinogens, in humans. (biosafety-info.net)
The Working Group concluded that the animal mammary tumors associated with exposure to atrazine involve a non-DNA-reactive, hormonally mediated mechanism that is not relevant to humans. (who.int)
A recent study evaluated the urinary levels of 9 atrazine metabolites in humans and concluded that DACT was the primary metabolite regardless of exposure scenario, and that exposure assessment based on measuring only AM or any single atrazine metabolite resulted in an underestimate of atrazine exposure (Barr et al. (who.int)
The Monographs represent the first step in carcinogenic risk assessment, which involves examination of all relevant information in order to assess the strength of the available evidence that certain exposures could alter the incidence of cancer in humans. (who.int)

Conducted to transform scientific data into meaningful information about the risk of human activities to the environment. (slideserve.com)
Environmental risk assessment is often challenged by a lack of toxicity data for ecological species. (ecotoxchip.ca)
These data reinforce the idea that standardized toxicity tests using a laboratory model species may not always be protective of wild birds, and thus they stress the importance of developing such alternative testing strategies (e.g., the EcoToxChip Project) for ecologically relevant species to augment risk assessment efforts. (ecotoxchip.ca)

Marine tests showed an inhibition of growth with the two different algal species (P. tricornutum and D. tertiolecta), an inhibition of bioluminescence in the bacterium A. fischeri, an alteration on the correct early development of the serpulid F. enigmaticus larvae and immobilization of the copepod A. tonsa individuals at both 24 and 48 hours of exposure. (easychair.org)
However, there is an ongoing discussion by scientists and policy-makers if the current risk assessment actually provides adequate protection for FVI species. (hbz-nrw.de)
The honey bee proved to be a sufficient surrogate for bee species in lower tier risk assessment. (hbz-nrw.de)
Additional test species may be chosen for higher tier risk assessment to account for ecological differences. (hbz-nrw.de)
Many open questions need to be answered by further research to better understand FVI species and promote necessary changes to risk assessment. (hbz-nrw.de)

The objective of the programme is to prepare, with the help of international working groups of experts, and to publish in the form of monographs, critical reviews and evaluations of evidence on the carcinogenicity of a wide range of human exposures. (who.int)

Little is known about the potential adverse health and ecological effects of exposure to engineered nanomaterial s, the main components of many nanotech nologies. (cdc.gov)
2-Nitrotoluene was identified as presenting an intermediate potential for exposure of individuals in Canada and had been classified by other agencies on the basis of carcinogenicity and genotoxicity. (gc.ca)
Under the Canadian Environmental Protection Act, 1999 (CEPA 1999) , the risk posed by a substance is determined by considering both its hazardous properties (its potential to cause adverse human health or ecological effects) and the amount of exposure there is to people or to the environment. (canada.ca)
Although toxicity exposure ratio (TER) methodology overwhelming in ERA studies, predicted environmental concentration (PEC) determination still adopted the maximum concentration in receiving water, without taking into consideration of dynamical fluctuations of concentration and leading to a underestimation of potential risks. (iahr.org)
Empirical evidences shows that a science-based, risk-related approach based on omics techniques can be implemented for risk assessment of GMOs, to assess potential unintended effects. (biosafety-info.net)
Many potential intended and unintended effects are specific to the techniques of new GE and may result in a new quality of risks that demand independent and mandatory risk assessment. (biosafety-info.net)
This risk assessment is not all the time, so explicit, however, it faces a number of limitations that do not get it to reach its optimal potential. (writingscentre.com)
potential effects on habitats, and changes in processes such as sedimentation patterns and water quality, are also considered. (springer.com)
Preparation of the flood risk management plan (FRMP) - this will include objectives and measures to manage potential flood risks in each APSFR. (belfastcity.gov.uk)
Using questionnaires to assess the extent of an individual's potential for exposure may help to reduce misclassification bias. (cdc.gov)
In addition, people are often unaware of their potential for exposure, and researchers may not know or be able to account for all the pathways of exposure. (cdc.gov)
Although several techniques for identifying individual exposures have been developed and tested, and although more and more xenobiotics have been recognized to have teratogenic and mutagenic potential, "essentially no specific biomarkers are cur- rently available to indicate that exposure to a given xenobiotic is directly associated with a cellular, subcellular, or phar- macodynamic event" (6). (cdc.gov)

The report applied a precautionary approach to characterize risk. (siskinds.com)
2007). This study found that AM accounted for only 2-12% of the detected metabolites, that most of the subjects had detectable atrazine exposure, and that future biomonitoring studies would likely need to include analysis of at least AM, DACT, DIA, and DEA in order to characterize the extent of atrazine exposure in a population. (who.int)

Open, transparent, and inclusive societal debate that goes beyond the 'safe enough' framing of risk assessment would allow for discussions of the socio-economic and cultural aspects, and of the benefits, drawbacks, and alternatives to new gene techniques. (biosafety-info.net)

Addressing those 'big questions' of high societal relevance have the merit of creating high visibility and also funding opportunities, however, classic comparative physiology and biochemistry is running the risk of becoming marginalized in this process, if the underlying physiological and biochemical processes cannot be visualized accordingly. (easychair.org)

This studypresented a PEC determination method based on the pollutant transport modeling to reflect effect of the temporal and spatial variability of concentration field on ecological risk. (iahr.org)
He has designed and taught EPA courses and an industry-targeted continuing education course on population and ecological modeling. (integral-corp.com)

Exposures of the general population to 2-nitrotoluene through environmental media (air, drinking water and soil) are expected to be negligible. (gc.ca)
Significant shifts in the microarthropod community structure in the different carbofuran treatments were found for both soils, although effects were more pronounced in the assay performed with the soil from Brazil. (uab.cat)

Among which, and a human health risk priority control list about LCMs was generated in this study, among which 435 were classified as requiring priority control LCMs. (bvsalud.org)
however, the risk to human health or to the environment may be low depending upon the level of exposure. (canada.ca)
This was considered to be the important or "critical" effect used for characterizing the risk to human health in the assessment. (canada.ca)

However, with an adeq battery of necf expsre blmarkers, prospective studies of en- vironmental effects on pregnancy outcomes might be possible. (cdc.gov)

Organisms2

Diseases4

Chemicals and Drugs19

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment36

Psychiatry and Psychology3

Phenomena and Processes13

Disciplines and Occupations10

Anthropology, Education, Sociology and Social Phenomena7

Technology, Industry, Agriculture3

Information Science5

Health Care53

Geographicals3

Organisms8

Chemicals15

Pesticides7

Contaminants9

Characterization1

Contaminant4

Pesticide risk assessment2

Superfund4

Approaches7

Fate2

Workplace exposures2

Populations6

Quantitative6

Hazard4

Framework6

Evaluate10

Considerations1

Acute4

Pollution7

Adverse effects6

Impacts4

Biological5

Uptake1

Context5

Stressor2

Categorization criteria1

Methods10

Occupational8

Determinants3

Conceptual model1

Chemical4

Harm6

Synthesis4

Toxicity to aquatic1

Different ecological2

Estimates5

Concentrations7

Health risks3

Assessors3

Toxicological1

Reproductive4

Contamination2

Ecosystems2

Substances11

Regulatory4

Dermal2

Guidance2

Toxicology2

Occur1

Modifiable4

Microplastics3

Implications4

Interactions1

Humans6

Data3

Species5

Evaluations1

Potential12

Characterize2

Socio-Economic1

Relevance1

Modeling2

Soil2

Human health3

Outcomes1