DiseasesAnalytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and EquipmentPsychiatry and PsychologyPhenomena and ProcessesDisciplines and OccupationsAnthropology, Education, Sociology and Social PhenomenaHumanitiesNamed GroupsHealth CareGeographicals
Radioactive Hazard ReleaseEarthquakesChemical Hazard ReleaseDisastersTsunamisCrush SyndromeRelief WorkArmeniaDisaster PlanningEmergency ShelterHaitiJapanProportional Hazards ModelsGeologyRescue WorkEmergency RespondersCornell Medical IndexFukushima Nuclear AccidentStress Disorders, Post-TraumaticChina
FukushimaTsunamiContaminationFloodsHighly radioactiveSeismicCesium-137MagnitudeWasteWithstandReactorsThoriumTEPCOGaseousFrackingWidespreadLocal authoritiesWastewaterWaterPoseHealthDisasterScientistsTonsChemicalsUraniumEnvironmentSafetyAtmosphereFractureExternalFissionAmountRadiationFuelSourceWorstWorldPowerCoastIslandPreviouslySiteAreasNature
Fukushima10
  • After the Fukushima nuclear accident, the safety of this structure in the earthquake has received much attention. (jsce.ir)
  • This catastrophic event severely damaged the Fukushima Nuclear Power Plant resulting in the release of radioactive material. (patimes.org)
  • The event overwhelmed the defenses of reactors at the Fukushima Daiichi site, causing widespread damage and radioactive releases. (sanonofre.com)
  • The source of the radioactive leak at the earthquake-stricken Fukushima Daiichi nuclear power plant was finally identified by the facility's operator TEPCO to be in the primary containment vessel of reactor 3, authorities reported. (rt.com)
  • Three months after the earthquake and tsunami that triggered a nuclear disaster in Japan, new radiation "hot spots" may require the evacuation of more areas further from the damaged Fukushima Daiichi nuclear power facility. (greenleft.org.au)
  • The Fukushima nuclear facility was crippled by the 9-magnitude earthquake and devastating tsunami that hit Japan on March 11. (idsa.in)
  • The difference between Chernobyl and Fukushima is that the reactor itself exploded at Chernobyl, while at Fukushima though some radioactivity leaked from the reactor most of the radioactive material was contained within it. (idsa.in)
  • According to him, the level of radioactive substances released from the damaged Fukushima plant is nowhere near the Chernobyl levels. (idsa.in)
  • Though they cover the same ground-the disaster at the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear plant that began three years ago after a massive earthquake and tsunami-and largely draw upon the same or similar sources, there are distinct differences among them. (thebulletin.org)
  • Regarding releases to air and water leakage from Fukushima, the main radionuclide from among the many kinds of fission products in the fuel was volatile iodine-131, which has a half-life of 8 days. (world-nuclear.org)
Tsunami10
  • If we ratchet up the definition of worst case to magnitude 9.1, and ensure plants exceed the standards of Onagawa, will earthquake and tsunami safety be assured? (newscientist.com)
  • The March/April print and online editions of PA TIMES featured several articles on the aftermath of the devastating earthquake and subsequent tsunami in Japan. (patimes.org)
  • The March 11, 2011, earthquake and tsunami devastated the island nation of Japan claiming over 10,000 lives and leaving over 17,000 missing. (patimes.org)
  • In the aftermath of both the earthquake and tsunami, this radioactive contamination has added to the public health concerns of the island nation. (patimes.org)
  • In particular, citizens should be cognizant of environmental concerns, community health concerns, general public health concerns and personal health concerns as they relate to the hazards caused by the earthquake, tsunami and radioactive contamination. (patimes.org)
  • SSCs important to safety shall be designed to withstand the effects of natural phenomena such as earthquakes, tornadoes, hurricanes, floods, tsunami, and seiches without loss of capability to perform their safety functions. (powershow.com)
  • Updating the U.S. survey of past seismic activity became urgent after a 9.0-magnitude earthquake and tsunami devastated northeastern Japan last March. (sanonofre.com)
  • I've recently learned that the December 26th, 2004 Sumatra tsunami has apparently proven to geologists around the world that one 'mega-earthquake' can sometimes create a tsunami which is much larger and more widespread than anything previously expected AND it can shake the earth more, and further away from the epicenter, than previously expected. (animatedsoftware.com)
  • The December tsunami was caused by an earthquake which lasted about 10 minutes (an extremely long time as earthquakes go) and whose fault line stretched more than 700 miles. (animatedsoftware.com)
  • In the midst of all the horrors of an earthquake, and/or tsunami, our worst nightmare would still be San Onofre and Diablo Canyon. (animatedsoftware.com)
Contamination4
  • Although U.S. nuclear power plant regulators monitor operational safety, natural hazards (such as hurricanes, floods, and earthquakes), human error, mechanical failure, and design flaws can still trigger the release of radioactive contamination. (nrdc.org)
  • They assert that the potential radioactive contamination problem associated with the material in the spent fuel pools could be reduced by moving assemblies that have been out of reactors for more than five years into licensed dry storage containers. (atomicinsights.com)
  • In addition, there are legitimate as well as media-driven fears of radioactive contamination of food, water, dairy products (such as milk, cheese, and eggs), and freshly grown vegetables (i.e., spinach). (patimes.org)
  • And after they find high levels [of radioactive contamination], they demand local authorities and the government look at those contaminated areas. (greenleft.org.au)
Floods1
  • The containment structure of nuclear reactors is the most crucial barrier to releasing radioactive materials into the environment and protecting the reactor against external hazards such as earthquakes and floods. (jsce.ir)
Highly radioactive2
  • But the water buildup continues, and the short-term storage tanks that TEPCO has been relying on in the past are no longer a solution, so the operator is to set up a bypass system to prevent further buildup of the other, highly radioactive groundwater. (rt.com)
  • TEPCO officials are worried that highly radioactive water believed to be leaking from deep inside the troubled reactors has flooded the basements of the turbine building, particularly the basement floor of reactor two. (idsa.in)
Seismic4
  • Before Tohoku, the Japanese government's seismic hazard map assumed that earthquakes off that coast would not exceed magnitude 7.5 to 8.0. (newscientist.com)
  • Iran is also located in a region with high and very high seismic hazards and is essential. (jsce.ir)
  • The earthquake exceeded the level for which the reactors had been designed, calling into question earlier seismic assessments. (sanonofre.com)
  • Had last Friday's 7.1 earthquake and other ongoing seismic shocks hit less than 200 miles northwest of Ridgecrest/China Lake, ten million people in Los Angeles would now be under an apocalyptic cloud. (rachelcarsoncouncil.org)
Cesium-1372
  • Specifically, they are worried about the fact that U.S. spent fuel pools are loaded with a large quantity of fuel assemblies that have been used to generate power and thus contain radioactive isotopes, including cesium-137, a gamma emitting isotope with a 30-year half life. (atomicinsights.com)
  • Like the fuel rods in the reactor core, spent fuel rods must be kept cool or the release of cesium-137 and strontium-90, among other deadly radioisotopes, could result. (scientificamerican.com)
Magnitude4
  • Given that the energy released by an earthquake increases 30-fold for every 1.0 increase in magnitude, this is a huge discrepancy. (newscientist.com)
  • Geophysicists David Jackson and Yan Kagan of the University of California, Los Angeles, estimate that we can expect one magnitude-10 earthquake in the Tohoku region over the next 10,000 years. (newscientist.com)
  • A magnitude 9.0 earthquake, however, isn't just an accident. (scientificamerican.com)
  • There's less heat in the spent fuel rods than in the reactor core's fuel rods, so the danger posed is less intense, but in an encompassing crisis such as a magnitude 9.0 earthquake affecting multiple sites at once, the ability to cool storage pools can be greatly impaired. (scientificamerican.com)
Waste6
  • The neutrons that are released by one atomic fission go on to fission other nuclei, triggering a chain reaction that produces heat, radiation, and radioactive waste products. (nrdc.org)
  • It is also used to release gas during an emergency when equipment or piping becomes over-pressured, and to manage waste gas that can't be efficiently captured and returned for processing. (transitiontownmedia.org)
  • So Cal Edison is now burying 136 Chernobyl's of radioactive waste 100 feet from the ocean in thin cans. (sanonofre.com)
  • The coolant water comes out the other end mixed with radioactive waste. (rt.com)
  • A Classification System for Radioactive Waste Disposal - What Waste Goes Where? (nrc.gov)
  • And that, I think, gives us an opening to reach people at a very fundamental level where they don't have to feel that they need to be experts in energy policy, or nuclear power, or know a lot about radioactive waste. (ipsecinfo.org)
Withstand2
  • which hazards can nuclear plants withstand, and can society as a whole live with the risks posed by hazards that plants cannot withstand? (newscientist.com)
  • By law, nuclear plants must be able to withstand earthquakes "without functional impairment of those features necessary to shut down the reactor, maintain the station in safe condition and prevent undue risk to the health and safety of the public. (sanonofre.com)
Reactors6
  • The remaining 48 reactors were taken out of service after the earthquake. (newscientist.com)
  • A variety of natural hazards, including earthquakes and subsequent tsunamis, pose risks to reactors throughout Japan. (newscientist.com)
  • Nuclear reactors in the central and eastern U.S. face previously unrecognized threats from big earthquakes, the Nuclear Regulatory Commission said Tuesday. (sanonofre.com)
  • Dozens of nuclear reactors operate in earthquake-prone regions around the world. (sanonofre.com)
  • My report dealt with the vulnerabilities and hazards of stored spent fuel at US reactors in the US. (greenleft.org.au)
  • It pumped 10,400 tonnes of low-level radioactive water into the ocean to free storage capacity for the highly contaminated water from the reactors. (idsa.in)
Thorium2
  • It occurs naturally in minute quantities as an intermediate step in the normal radioactive decay chains through which thorium and uranium slowly decay into various short-lived radioactive elements and eventually into stable lead . (knowpia.com)
  • Since thorium and uranium are two of the most common radioactive elements on Earth, while also having three isotopes with half-lives on the order of several billion years, radon will be present on Earth long into the future despite its short half-life. (knowpia.com)
TEPCO2
  • While it is possible to remove the radioactive fuel at this time, TEPCO wants to first plug the leak and fill up the space with more water as an additional measure against radiation. (rt.com)
  • TEPCO is currently in talks with local authorities about releasing the groundwater. (rt.com)
Gaseous1
  • Unlike all other intermediate elements in the aforementioned decay chains, radon is, under standard conditions, gaseous and easily inhaled, and therefore a health hazard. (knowpia.com)
Fracking5
  • But hydraulic drilling is not the only cause of fracking-related earthquakes. (transitiontownmedia.org)
  • Toxic wastewater: Fracking produces enormous volumes of toxic wastewater-often containing cancer-causing and even radioactive material. (environmentamerica.org)
  • Air pollution: Fracking-related activities release thousands of tons of health-threatening air pollution. (environmentamerica.org)
  • Nationally, fracking released 450,000 tons of pollutants into the air that can have immediate health impacts. (environmentamerica.org)
  • Simply put, fracking is a process whereby water is combined with sand and chemicals and injected at high pressure into the ground, in order to fracture the shale rocks and therefore release the natural gases . (anhinternational.org)
Widespread1
  • According to the International Atomic Energy Agency, a level 7 incident entails "a major release of radioactive material with widespread health and environmental effects requiring implementation of planned and extended countermeasueres. (idsa.in)
Local authorities1
  • On 16 March, Japan's Nuclear Safety Commission recommended local authorities to instruct evacuees under 40 years of age leaving the 20 km zone to ingest stable iodine as a precaution against ingestion ( e.g. via milk) of radioactive iodine-131. (world-nuclear.org)
Wastewater3
Water4
  • The energy released from the fission of uranium atoms heats water, which produces steam. (nrdc.org)
  • This imposes very high hazardous threats to workers and the as nuclear chemicals may be released into either the air or surrounding water ways. (wikipedia.org)
  • Another key difference is that the Chernobyl reactor used carbon to slow down neutrons, a key part of the fission reaction, while Fukushima's reactor cores are cooled by light-water, which greatly reduces the amount of radioactive soot in the wind . (scientificamerican.com)
  • To ensure that the water is indeed safe for release, TEPCO's findings had to be backed up by the Japan Atomic Energy Agency and the Japan Chemical Analysis Center. (rt.com)
Pose1
  • The exposure of radioactive material if present would be classified as minimal and therefore does not pose any health hazards. (wikipedia.org)
Health3
  • During the aftermath of a catastrophe, many survivors of the initial disaster are either killed, maimed, or severely injured due to environmental and/or public health hazards. (patimes.org)
  • Citizens must be aware of both environmental and/or public health hazards to ensure individual as well as community wellness post-disaster. (patimes.org)
  • What they found was that the feared presence of strontium-90 and cesium-134 and -137 was way below the health hazard threshold. (rt.com)
Disaster4
  • Individuals affected by this disaster should be most concerned with hazards posed by their immediate surroundings. (patimes.org)
  • By being aware of such hazards and taking the requisite safety precautions for personal protection, many post-disaster deaths and injuries can be avoided. (patimes.org)
  • Another important hazard of this disaster is the number of deceased individuals that have not been located and buried properly. (patimes.org)
  • [ 1 ] The main challenge was adapting the existing models, whose primary focus was containing a hazardous material release, to one that reflected the chaos of a large-scale disaster involving a large number of affected individuals. (medscape.com)
Scientists1
  • Despite the semi-random nature of these hazard forecasts, the fact that they were promulgated by government scientists has provided an alibi of sorts. (newscientist.com)
Tons1
  • About 560 tons is to be released in the first round, which will only take about two hours, according to an official with the Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry. (rt.com)
Chemicals1
  • Nuclear chemicals might be released but only at a very minimal level, which is easily controlled and rectified. (wikipedia.org)
Uranium1
  • But when a neutron strikes the nucleus of certain atoms-uranium, for example-this atomic center can break into pieces in a process called nuclear fission, releasing enormous energy in the form of heat and radiation. (nrdc.org)
Environment2
  • Like nuclear power, which has 'peaceful' and 'wartime' uses, radioisotopes can be deadly when released unexpectedly into the environment in large doses but can also be used for medicinal purposes . (scientificamerican.com)
  • Exposure to ionizing radiation can also be by direct radiation from the plants and fuels themselves, though not released to the environment. (world-nuclear.org)
Safety3
  • Intellectually honest discussions of nuclear safety with regard to earthquakes must start by acknowledging this. (newscientist.com)
  • As for the load, that's passed the safety test, local communities have been notified and an agreement was reached on releasing it into the Pacific Ocean as soon as possible. (rt.com)
  • According to the deputy director general of Japan's Nuclear and Industrial Safety Agency (NISA), Hidehiko Nishiyama, the rating was scaled up from 5 (applied to "an accident with wider consequences) to 7 (a "major accident" as per the International Atomic Energy Agency) because of the amount of radioactive material released from the plant. (idsa.in)
Atmosphere1
  • The radiation released into the atmosphere peaked between March 15 and 16, and subsequently declined. (idsa.in)
Fracture1
  • It is well known that accurate predictions of fracture and failure phenomena such as earthquakes are, in general, impossible. (newscientist.com)
External1
  • It also offers exceptional resistance to external hazards such as aircraft crashes and earthquakes. (edie.net)
Fission2
  • Nuclear power comes from the energy that is released in the process of nuclear fission. (nrdc.org)
  • In fission, the nuclear fuel is placed in a nuclear reactor core and the atoms making up the fuel are broken into pieces, releasing energy. (nrdc.org)
Amount3
  • The measured levels can be caused by a reduced amount of shielding above the still radioactive used fuel. (atomicinsights.com)
  • Their premise is that the public will be better protected if the NRC requires nuclear plant operators to reduce the density of their spent fuel pools and limit the amount of material that could potentially be released. (atomicinsights.com)
  • Radioactive releases are measured by the amount of (radio)activity in the material, and quoted in Becquerels. (world-nuclear.org)
Radiation1
  • If uncontrolled, that chain reaction could produce so much heat that the nuclear reactor core itself could actually melt and release dangerous radiation. (nrdc.org)
Fuel1
  • While it takes longer for the spent fuel rods to become as hazardous as a reactor core meltdown, the ongoing nature of Japan's crisis presents a unique hazard. (scientificamerican.com)
Source1
  • This is only a hazard for those on the plant site, and the level diminishes with distance from the radioactive source. (world-nuclear.org)
Worst1
  • For example, it indicates that the single worst earthquake likely to happen in a 10,000-year period in Chattanooga, Tenn. (sanonofre.com)
World1
  • Any mediation relating to disputes arising under the licence shall be conducted in accordance with the mediation rules of the World Intellectual Property Organization (http://www.wipo.int/amc/en/mediation/rules). (who.int)
Power2
  • That's why power plants use "control rods" that absorb some of the released neutrons, preventing them from causing further fissions. (nrdc.org)
  • Many environmental hazards impact citizens such as gas leaks, floodwaters, downed power lines, wet electrical outlets, gasoline/oil spills, and hazardous debris. (patimes.org)
Coast1
Island1
  • With a historical perspective, Samuels is able to explore an issue barely mentioned by the other books: The motivation to build so many nuclear plants on an earthquake-prone island was based not just on the island's lack of oil and coal. (thebulletin.org)
Previously1
Site1
  • The containment dome may have been damaged in the earthquake and batteries with an eight-hour life span are being flown in to augment those on site. (scientificamerican.com)
Areas1
  • There has been a large increase in earthquakes ranging from 1.8 to 5.7 on the Richter scale in areas of Ohio, Oklahoma, Kansas, and Texas where intensive hydraulic drilling is conducted. (transitiontownmedia.org)
Nature1
  • I have written extensively about the lack of success of both short and long-term earthquake prediction ( Nature , vol 472, p 407 ). (newscientist.com)