• Earth-abundant catalysts for electrochemical and photoelectrochemical water splitting. (ppaspk.org)
  • Here, the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) has broad applications in electrochemical devices, but it often requires expensive and scarce Ir-based catalysts in acid electrolyte. (osti.gov)
  • The family of materials allows engineers to precisely tune the catalyst's structure and composition to the needs of a particular chemical process, and it can then match or exceed the performance of conventional, more expensive catalysts. (nanotechnologyworld.org)
  • But until now, these catalysts "are all relying on expensive materials or late transition metals that are very scarce, for example iridium oxide, and there has been a big effort in the community to find alternatives based on Earth-abundant materials that have the same performance in terms of activity and stability," Román-Leshkov says. (nanotechnologyworld.org)
  • This family of materials "really offers a new space to tune the active sites for catalyzing water splitting to produce hydrogen with reduced energy input," Shao-Horn says, to meet the exact needs of any given chemical process where such catalysts are needed. (nanotechnologyworld.org)
  • High-efficiency, earth-abundant oxygen evolution reaction (OER) catalysts are highly desired and required for the half reaction of water splitting. (edu.sa)
  • Plagioclase is a major constituent mineral in Earth's crust and is consequently an important diagnostic tool in petrology for identifying the composition, origin and evolution of igneous rocks. (wikipedia.org)
  • Plagioclase is the most common and abundant mineral group in the Earth's crust. (wikipedia.org)
  • Its evolution may even have helped to drive global changes that made possible the development of Earth's more complex organisms. (mit.edu)
  • Together, these early geologists and biologists used uniformitarian theory as an atheistic explanation of the earth's rocks and biology, adding millions of years to earth history. (answersingenesis.org)
  • The Cryogenian Period (720-635 Ma) experienced extreme glaciations broadly coincident with a transformation of the Earth's surface oxidation state, supercontinent breakup, and the evolution of complex animal multicellularity. (edu.au)
  • Therefore, developing solid electrolyte which can provide high ionic conductivity together with wide electrochemical stability window and chemical stability to the positive electrodes is necessary to fully utilize cation redox, and possibly anion redox together, of the high voltage positive electrode materials in ASSBs. (uwaterloo.ca)
  • Illustration depicts an electrochemical reaction, splitting water molecules (at left, with oxygen atom in red, and two hydrogen atoms in white) into oxygen molecules (at right), taking place within the structure of the team's metal hydroxide organic frameworks, depicted as the lattices at top and bottom. (nanotechnologyworld.org)
  • Oxygen evolution reactions are one of the reactions common to the electrochemical production of fuels, chemicals, and materials. (nanotechnologyworld.org)
  • Benefiting from functional integration of the highly active CoMn-LDH nanoplates and the strong coupling effects between ultrathin nanoplates and conducting CNT frameworks, the as-made CoMn-LDH/CNT nanohybrids achieve excellent OER performance with a small overpotential (355 mV at 10 mA cm−2), low Tafel slope (45 mV dec−1), and prominent electrochemical durability. (edu.sa)
  • The concentrations show that N,N-dimethylglycine (DMG) is the most abundant amino acid in the TD1 particle, but below detection limit in the other. (nature.com)
  • Here, we delve into the search for extraterrestrial chemical and morphological biosignatures and examine several possible approaches to agnostic life detection using mass spectrometry. (frontiersin.org)
  • In tandem with cutting-edge instrument platforms, research in data processing and data analysis on Earth-based (Terran) astrobiology analogs and on extraterrestrial materials also serves to increase the breadth of interpretations possible with mission data. (frontiersin.org)
  • The unique chemistry of oxygen has been both a resource and threat for life on Earth for at least the last 2.4 billion years. (usda.gov)
  • Because of its chemical similarity to sulfur and stronger nucleophilicity and acidity, selenium is an extremely efficient catalyst of reactions between sulfur and oxygen. (usda.gov)
  • The most abundant selenoproteins in mammals are the glutathione peroxidases (5-6 genes) that reduce hydrogen peroxide and lipid hydroperoxides at the expense of glutathione and serve to limit the strength and duration of reactive oxygen signals. (usda.gov)
  • A metal-free bifunctional electrocatalyst for oxygen reduction and oxygen evolution reactions. (ppaspk.org)
  • Iridium oxide for the oxygen evolution reaction: correlation between particle size, morphology, and the surface hydroxo layer from operando XAS. (ppaspk.org)
  • Meanwhile, oxygen redox in sodium layered oxides has also been actively explored, especially for earth abundant Mn and Fe containing sodium layered metal oxides. (uwaterloo.ca)
  • The combined study of electrochemistry, local structural evolution, and synchrotron radiation spectroscopies demonstrates the correlation between the degree of structural disorder and the emergence of oxygen redox in charged NMF, NMFC, and NMFN electrodes. (uwaterloo.ca)
  • Our developing framework for very low oxygen levels during the mid-Proterozoic in the deep ocean, shallow ocean, and atmosphere are the baseline against which the dramatic environmental, climatic, and biotic events and triggers of the later Proterozoic should be assessed. (ucr.edu)
  • It is comparable to that of the state-of-the-art oxide materials catalyzing for the oxygen evolution reaction. (nanotechnologyworld.org)
  • After the rise of atmospheric oxygen during the GOE at ca. 2.4 Ga, GIF became abundant in the rock record, compared to the predominance of BIF prior to the Great Oxidation Event (GOE). (docslib.org)
  • Experimental measurements of the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER), for example, have demonstrated significant electrocatalytic activity of MoS2 but there is large variation depending on preparation method. (arxiv.org)
  • Iron formations generally disappeared at ca. 1.85 Ga, reappearing at the end of the Neoproterozoic , again tied to periods of intense magmatic activity and also, in this case, to global glaciations, the so-called Snowball Earth events. (docslib.org)
  • The Cryogenian ice ages, known as 'Snowball Earth' events, would have placed important constraints on the biosphere, and it remains unclear what role global refrigeration played in setting the stage for eukaryotic diversification and the origin of animals. (edu.au)
  • This meltwater supply may have been crucial in establishing oxygenated marine habitats for eukaryotes, including early animals, during Snowball Earth. (edu.au)
  • Prussian blue analogues (PBAs) have unique structural and chemical behaviour and therefore have applications in various fields of catalysis as energy conversion materials for storage devices and molecular sensing. (ppaspk.org)
  • This definition broadly captures all biological systems on Earth (Terran life) as well as life forms with potentially differing underlying molecular frameworks. (frontiersin.org)
  • As a biochemist and a molecular biologist, I tend to view evolution from a molecular perspective. (blogspot.com)
  • My main interest is molecular evolution and the analysis of sequences of proteins and nucleic acids. (blogspot.com)
  • However, another important goal is to show how molecular evolution integrates into the bigger picture of evolution as described by all other evolutionary biologists, including paleontologists. (blogspot.com)
  • Examples of include chemical products produced by molecular systems such as networks of enzymes, complex chemicals made in the laboratory, and the works of Shakespeare. (naturalgenesis.net)
  • Metal‐organic framework‐based nanomaterials for electrocatalysis. (ppaspk.org)
  • In the search for life elsewhere in the solar system, we have some expectations about what life might look like: It will likely involve carbon chemistry, and a spatial segregation of organic compounds in a way that simple chemical processes would not permit. (nationalacademies.org)
  • Now, researchers at MIT and elsewhere have developed an entirely new type of catalyst material, called a metal hydroxide-organic framework (MHOF), which is made of inexpensive and abundant components. (nanotechnologyworld.org)
  • The team borrowed from research that has been done on a related class of compounds known as metal-organic frameworks (MOFs), which are a kind of crystalline structure made of metal oxide nodes linked together with organic linker molecules. (nanotechnologyworld.org)
  • The department tailors a unique program of study for each graduate student in one of the following disciplines: analytical chemistry, biochemistry, inorganic chemistry, organic chemistry, physical chemistry, and chemical education research. (auburn.edu)
  • This hypothesis provides a new framework for predicting and understanding the biological functions of uncharacterized selenoproteins. (usda.gov)
  • Of the nine biological, geological and chemical limits they identified, humanity's biggest breaches are, in order of magnitude, excessive phosphorous and nitrogen flows because of the use of artificial fertilisers in farming worldwide, biodiversity loss, land use changes and climate change. (newsroom.co.nz)
  • Product of the Day: Coastal Environmental Systems -- WEATHERPAK MTR Dec. 4, 2017 The WEATHERPAK MTR provides on-site, real-time weather data for chemical, biological and radiological response. (idema.org)
  • He uses field sites on Earth as his planetary test beds and looks to investigate the persistence of life as we know it here to geological and potentially biological signs of life elsewhere in the solar system. (horiba.com)
  • From 2013 to 2016, Dr. McKone was a postdoctoral researcher in the Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology at Cornell University studying electrocatalysis and battery energy storage. (pitt.edu)
  • For example, Charles Darwin, a good friend of Lyell, applied slow and gradual uniformitarian processes to biology and developed the theory of naturalistic evolution, which he published in the Origin of Species in 1859. (answersingenesis.org)
  • The central question in this regard is whether ocean-atmosphere O 2 levels were low enough to inhibit the evolution and ecological emergence of complex multicellular life, or must we seek mechanisms strictly associated with internal biology to explain this event-or both? (ucr.edu)
  • Housed in state-of-the-art facilities, faculty and students collaborate on research ranging from the traditional sub-disciplines of chemistry to highly multidisciplinary investigations focused on energy, catalysis, chemical biology, and materials science. (auburn.edu)
  • The presence of current or extant life in terrestrial systems on Earth that we use to emulate planetary bodies allows us to see how biology evolved and adapted to our own ecosystems. (horiba.com)
  • We're utilizing these environments on Earth to help us determine how biology would be preserved and thrive in the subsurface of Mars and below ice sheets on Enceladus and Europa. (horiba.com)
  • The Surface Biology and Geology (SBG) mission is a future NASA satellite that will launch toward the end of this decade as part of the Earth Systems Observatory. (authorea.com)
  • Although many aspects of their origin remain unresolved, it is widely accepted that sec- ular changes in the style of their deposition are linked to environmental and geochemical evolution of Earth. (docslib.org)
  • Geochemical analysis of these chemical sediments permits the reconstruction of Cryogenian ocean chemistry and the synglacial palaeoredox landscape. (edu.au)
  • Multiple geochemical proxies, including rare earth element and iron isotope systematics, indicate widespread marine anoxia with increasing seawater oxidation with proximity to the ice shelf grounding line. (edu.au)
  • 2210.01008] Is the doped MoS2 basal plane an efficient hydrogen evolution catalyst? (arxiv.org)
  • Transition metal dichalcogenides are cheap and earth-abundant candidates for the replacement of precious metals as catalyst materials. (arxiv.org)
  • The research also suggests that the co-evolution of Prochlorococcus and its interdependent co-organisms can be seen as a microcosm of the metabolic processes that take place inside the cells of much more complex organisms. (mit.edu)
  • The fact that such significant changes have taken place over the course of Prochlorococcus evolution "tells you something quite dramatic," he says, because these metabolic processes are so fundamental to the organism's survival that "it's like the engine of the system. (mit.edu)
  • While some early geologists viewed the fossil-bearing rock layers as products of the Genesis Flood, one of the common ways in which most early geologists interpreted the earth was to look at present rates and processes and assume these rates and processes had acted over millions of years to produce the rocks they saw. (answersingenesis.org)
  • The earlier biblical ideas of creation , catastrophism, and short ages were put aside in favor of slow and gradual processes and evolution over millions of years. (answersingenesis.org)
  • The same processes that cause within-species evolution are responsible for above-species evolution. (blogspot.com)
  • Unravelling the processes involved in granite magmatism is essential to our understanding of the continental crust, its formation and evolution. (edu.au)
  • Rather than referring to a particular mineral with a specific chemical composition, plagioclase is a continuous solid solution series, more properly known as the plagioclase feldspar series. (wikipedia.org)
  • Analysis of thermal emission spectra from the surface of Mars suggests that plagioclase is the most abundant mineral in the crust of Mars. (wikipedia.org)
  • Part of the feldspar family of minerals, it is abundant in igneous and metamorphic rock, and it is also common as a detrital mineral in sedimentary rock. (wikipedia.org)
  • This in turn can help us understand how life, its chemical biomarkers, and physical biosignatures in the mineral record can be preserved and confirmed on other solar system bodies. (horiba.com)
  • Enhancing the Performance of Ni-Mo Alkaline Hydrogen Evolution Electrocatalysts with Carbon Supports. (pitt.edu)
  • William Blake may have seen a world in a grain of sand, but for scientists at MIT the smallest of all photosynthetic bacteria holds clues to the evolution of entire ecosystems, and perhaps even the whole biosphere. (mit.edu)
  • We aim to understand how the active site iron centers catalyze challenging chemical reactions and how catalysis is regulated by the protein structure. (auburn.edu)
  • The Sensitivity of Metal Oxide Electrocatalysis to Bulk Hydrogen Intercalation: Hydrogen Evolution on Tungsten Oxide. (pitt.edu)
  • I've maintained for years that the first discovery of life beyond Earth, assuming we make one, will be in an extrasolar planetary system, through close and eventually unambiguous analysis of an exoplanet's atmosphere. (centauri-dreams.org)
  • The discovery of phosphine (PH3), an almost unambiguous biosignature on Earth, in the clouds of Venus in 2021 increased interest in reinvestigating the planet's clouds for life, a scientific goal that had been on hiatus since the last atmospheric entry and lander vehicle mission, Vega-2 in 1984. (centauri-dreams.org)
  • The key is a tiny bacterium called Prochlorococcus , which is the most abundant photosynthetic life form in the oceans. (mit.edu)
  • The evolution of O 2 levels in the mid-Proterozoic ocean-atmosphere system forms the backdrop for the initial emergence and subsequent evolutionary stasis of eukaryotic life. (ucr.edu)
  • Biosignatures are the tantalizing chemical and physical imprints associated with life, and the possibility that life exists elsewhere beyond Earth drives us to search for these biosignatures on other planets and moons. (frontiersin.org)
  • Despite this lack of consensus, NASA has formulated an operational working definition of life-"a self-sustaining chemical system capable of Darwinian evolution"-to aid in the development of life detection strategies and encourage the establishment of standards needed to qualify a measurement as an unequivocal sign of life ( Cleland and Chyba, 2002 ). (frontiersin.org)
  • All life on Earth contains amino acids and carbonaceous chondrite meteorites have been suggested as their source at the origin of life on Earth. (nature.com)
  • The origin of life on Earth is a contentious issue, with a variety of potential environments being proposed, including oceanic hydrothermal vents 1 and terrestrial hot springs 2 . (nature.com)
  • Yet the biodiversity is "fundamental to human life on Earth. (newsroom.co.nz)
  • When we talk about macroevolution we're talking about studies of the history of life on Earth. (blogspot.com)
  • In this episode of Tiny Matters, Sam and Deboki chat with science writer Jaime Green about what it would mean for life to exist beyond Earth. (acs.org)
  • Some species are more successful at securing energy than others, and that competition for a limited resource is what has driven evolution since the dawn of life on Earth. (upenn.edu)
  • We think this approach can help identify novel physical and chemical laws so to understand what life is by quantifying what life does. (naturalgenesis.net)
  • thus, searching for signatures of life should involve looking for an abundant high assembly index. (naturalgenesis.net)
  • DNA is the molecule of life and exists everywhere in the environment as a largely untapped source of information on evolution, biodiversity, and ecosystem health. (edu.au)
  • So why explore the possibility of life beyond Earth? (horiba.com)
  • We are scientists that are exploring the possibilities of life elsewhere outside of Earth, the preservation of what would be signs of ancient or extinct life, and the conditions needed and presence of potential present or extant life. (horiba.com)
  • By understanding life in extreme environments on our own planet, we can better understand how life on Earth endures within these extreme environments. (horiba.com)
  • We certainly all would prefer to use our precious time and energy on something constructive, something which will contribute to foster cooperation, compassion and friendliness among its people, and to preserving the life-sustaining capacity and the beauty of the earth. (rightlivelihood.org)
  • Iron formations from Cryogenian glacial successions in Namibia, USA and Australia were studied in order to investigate Cryogenian iron formation genesis and elucidate the relationships between glaciation, ocean chemistry, oxygenation and biotic evolution. (edu.au)
  • Work led by graduate student Devon Cole (Yale) and Noah Planavsky (Yale), working together with team members at GT and UCR, has produced a new and transformative Cr isotope record through Earth history-corroborating our past preliminary results and focusing on the mid-Proterozoic/Neoproterozoic transition. (ucr.edu)
  • It must take the entire network of phylogenetic relationships and impose a framework of genetic relationships and appearances of character changes. (blogspot.com)
  • Based on optimized ancient DNA methods, powerful sequencing technology, whole genome analyses, and RNA profiling, we present a novel and holistic framework for genetic biomonitoring. (edu.au)
  • Presented here is a framework to reduce Ir loading by combining core-shell iridium/metal nitride morphologies using in situ experiments and density functional theory (DFT) calculations. (osti.gov)
  • To stay informed about the latest news and research in the sciences and Intelligent Design, visit Evolution News . (uncommondescent.com)
  • One of its goals is to analyze the chemical composition of the cloud aerosols. (centauri-dreams.org)
  • Numerous studies have applied the SES framework to coastal and marine environments over the last two decades. (idema.org)
  • The Cryogenian also experienced the deposition of iron-rich marine chemical sediments (iron formations), representing the first episode of global iron formation deposition in over one billion years. (edu.au)
  • also: Kansas and the West: abundant minutes in Honor of Nyle H. Rodrigues, Antonia and Yang, Dongya 2017. (mooreamusicpele.com)
  • Modern flight-capable mass spectrometers, in combination with various sample processing, separation, and ionization techniques enable sensitive detection of chemical biosignatures. (frontiersin.org)
  • The Canyon gives us a glimpse of the primitive earth from which, according to the popular model, the present earth slowly evolved during more than a billion years. (equip.org)
  • It was devised and presented by Sir David Attenborough, the British natural historian, Johan Rockström, a Swedish earth systems scientist who led the Planetary Boundaries team, and a large cast of fellow scientists. (newsroom.co.nz)
  • In the fall of 2016, he joined the faculty in the Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering at the University of Pittsburgh as an Assistant Professor. (pitt.edu)
  • Macroevolution means evolution on the grand scale, and it is mainly studied in the fossil record. (blogspot.com)
  • We conclude that occurrences of BIF, GIF, Phanero- zoic ironstones, and exhalites surrounding VMS systems record a complex interplay involving mantle heat, tecton- ics, and surface redox conditions throughout Earth history, in which mantle heat unidirectionally declined and the surface oxidation state mainly unidirectionally increased, accompanied by superimposed shorter term fluctuations. (docslib.org)
  • Since chemical binding energies are in the range of 1-5 eV, one will have no ability to determine the chemical binding state of carbon in such a system. (nationalacademies.org)
  • A variety of mass spectrometer types, including magnetic sector, quadrupole, time-of-flight, and ion trap, have and will continue to deepen our understanding of the formation and evolution of exploration targets like the surfaces and atmospheres of planets and their moons. (frontiersin.org)
  • The CNT frameworks provide conducting channels for fast charge transfer, whereas CoMn-LDH features highly active sites and is capable of catalyzing the OER process. (edu.sa)
  • Macroevolution refers to things like the trends in horse evolution described by Simpson, and occurring over tens of millions of years, or the origin of major groups, or mass extinctions, or the Cambrian explosion described by Conway Morris. (blogspot.com)
  • The Earth and Space Science Open Archive is a community server established to accelerate the open discovery and dissemination of earth, environmental, and space science research by archiving and sharing early research outputs, including preprints, presentations from major scientific meetings, and important documents of scholarly societies. (authorea.com)
  • According to the United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) [2],nearlyone-fourth (23%) of homes in the US use septic systems, and they are particularly abundant in the Carolinas, Georgia, Alabama, Kentucky, West Virginia, Maine, Vermont and New Hampshire. (idema.org)
  • Dr. McKone's research group studies fundamentals and applications of electrochemistry, photochemistry, and materials design with an eye toward improving environmental sustainability in the energy and chemical sectors. (pitt.edu)
  • Chondrite-normalized rare earth element distributions of garnets from Shuanghe eclogite SH02. (researchgate.net)
  • Although many achievements have been made so far, it is still undergoing rapid evolution [ 19 - 21 ]. (techscience.com)
  • Electron energy loss spectroscopy allows one to look at chemical binding states of 100-nm thin section specimens, with about 0.5-eV energy resolution in most instruments and a spatial resolution of 5 nm or better. (nationalacademies.org)
  • Every step in the societal evolution until today is accompanied by changes in energy commodities. (belgium.be)
  • We also get a little philosophical about what it actually means to be human and how our human biases shape our explorations beyond Earth. (acs.org)