• Moreover, the dynamic of H3K27me3 at PCH during in vitro conversion from naïve to primed pluripotent state and during ESCs derivation suggests that the mechanisms underlying the control of this histone mark at PCH are different in embryo and in vitro. (sciencegate.app)
  • The developmental potential within pluripotent cells in the canonical model is restricted to embryonic tissues, whereas totipotent cells can differentiate into both embryonic and extraembryonic tissues. (sciencegate.app)
  • Recently, it was reported that treatment with a single spliceosome inhibitor, pladienolide B (plaB), can successfully reprogram mouse pluripotent stem cells into totipotent blastomere-like cells (TBLCs) in vitro. (sciencegate.app)
  • Pluripotent embryonic stem cells (ESCs) have the unique ability to differentiate into every cell type and to self-renew. (biomedcentral.com)
  • In pluripotent and differentiated cells HP1β is differentially localized and differentially associated with chromatin. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Deletion of HP1β, but not HP1α, in ESCs provokes a loss of the morphological and proliferative characteristics of embryonic pluripotent cells, reduces expression of pluripotency factors and causes aberrant differentiation. (biomedcentral.com)
  • However, in differentiated cells, loss of HP1β has the opposite effect, perturbing maintenance of the differentiation state and facilitating reprogramming to an induced pluripotent state. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The stem cell field witnessed a genuine breakthrough when a combination of solely four transcription factors ( Oct3 / 4 , Sox2 , Klf4 and c-Myc, OSKM ) proved enough to revert, in vitro, the differentiated status of a variety of cell types back to pluripotency, giving rise to so-called induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells. (springer.com)
  • Martin GR. Isolation of a pluripotent cell line from early mouse embryos cultured in medium conditioned by teratocarcinoma stem cells. (springer.com)
  • Pluripotent teratocarcinoma-thymus somatic cell hybrids. (springer.com)
  • Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells (iPSCs) are cells derived from non-pluripotent cells, such as adult somatic cells, that are genetically manipulated so as to return to an undifferentiated, pluripotent state. (asu.edu)
  • In 2015, biologist Helena D. Zomer and colleagues published the review article "Mesenchymal and Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells: General Insights and Clinical Perspectives" or "Mesenchymal and Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells" in Stem Cells and Cloning: Advances and Applications. (asu.edu)
  • The authors reviewed the biology of three types of pluripotent stem cells, embryonic stem cells, or ESCs, mesenchymal stem cells, or MSCs, and induced pluripotent stem cells, or iPS cells. (asu.edu)
  • Pluripotent stem cells are a special cell type that can give rise to other types of cells and are essential for development. (asu.edu)
  • However, all developmental processes originate from pluripotent precursor cell types. (amegroups.org)
  • Chemical conversion of human conventional Pluripotent Stem Cells to Trophoblast Stem Cells. (axonmedchem.com)
  • Revealing cell populations catching the early stages of the human embryo development in naïve pluripotent stem cells. (axonmedchem.com)
  • Human pluripotent stem cells, with their ability to proliferate indefinitely and to differentiate into virtually all cell types of the human body, provide a novel resource to study human development and to implement relevant disease models. (mdpi.com)
  • Here, we employed a human pancreatic differentiation platform complemented with an shRNA screen in human pluripotent stem cells (PSCs) to identify potential drivers of early endoderm and pancreatic development. (mdpi.com)
  • In 2006, Kazutoshi Takahashi and Shinya Yamanaka reprogrammed mice fibroblast cells, which can produce only other fibroblast cells, to become pluripotent stem cells, which have the capacity to produce many different types of cells. (asu.edu)
  • They called the pluripotent stem cells that they produced induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) because they had induced the adult cells, called differentiated cells, to become pluripotent stem cells through genetic manipulation. (asu.edu)
  • Yamanaka received the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 2012, along with John Gurdon, as their work showed scientists how to reprogram mature cells to become pluripotent. (asu.edu)
  • Other research groups such as Masako Tada's group in Japan in 2001 and Chad CowanÆs group in Massachusetts in 2005 combined embryonic stem cells with somatic cells to produce pluripotent cells. (asu.edu)
  • After these experiments with somatic cells, Takahashi and Yamanaka hypothesized that there were common factors, genes in particular, which caused somatic cells to become pluripotent stem cells. (asu.edu)
  • In 2006, Takahashi and Yamanaka selected twenty-four candidate genes as factors that they hypothesized could possibly induce somatic cells to become pluripotent, and they began to test them one at a time. (asu.edu)
  • This research is the first to produce induced pluripotent stem cell-derived inner ear sensory neurons in the Neurog1 +/− heterozygote mouse using blastocyst complementation. (biomedcentral.com)
  • We address these potential limitations by adopting the technique of blastocyst complementation (BC) to generate inner ear neurons from induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs). (biomedcentral.com)
  • BC is a technique in which deletion of a key gene for the development of a specific lineage creates a vacant niche (organogenesis-disabled phenotype) that can be complemented by the progeny of wild type pluripotent stem cells injected into embryos at the blastocyst stage of development. (biomedcentral.com)
  • BC is the only current method for making fully functional, three-dimensional organs from pluripotent cells and generating human organs in large mammalian hosts may be able to address the critical worldwide problem of organ shortages for transplantation [ 16 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The developing embryo, from which pluripotent stem cells originate, undergoes a series of dynamic metabolic transitions synchronized to its molecular development. (conditionmed.org)
  • These cells are considered pluripotent . (thefutureofthings.com)
  • A model of the post-implantation human embryo derived from pluripotent stem cells. (caltech.edu)
  • Reconstructing aspects of human embryogenesis with pluripotent stem cells. (caltech.edu)
  • Machine learning-assisted high-content analysis of pluripotent stem cell-derived embryos in vitro. (caltech.edu)
  • 2- to 4-cell and morula- to blastocyst-stage mouse embryos were cultured for 1 h in tritiated leucine at two specific activities and their subsequent development followed in vitro and in vivo (after transfer to recipients), respectively. (sciencegate.app)
  • At the 8-cell stage, the embryo becomes compact, and the cells form a spherical mass called a morula. (nature.com)
  • The space inside the embryo spreads, and the morula becomes a blastocyst. (nature.com)
  • Johnson, M. H. & Ziomek, C. A. The foundation of two distinct cell lineages within the mouse morula. (nature.com)
  • Nop2 is expressed throughout preimplantation development, with highest mRNA and protein accumulation at the 8-cell and morula stages, respectively. (umass.edu)
  • RNAi-mediated knockdown of Nop2 results in embryos that arrest as morula. (umass.edu)
  • In most mammals cleavage results in a solid mass of cells called the morula (Fig. 55, a). (edu.au)
  • In mammals, blastulation results in a blastocyst, a specialized blastula marked by very early differentiation of cell populations. (wikipedia.org)
  • differentiation diplonema diplont An organism having diploid somatic cells and haploid gametes. (wikipedia.org)
  • To enhance our understanding of the molecular basis of this differentiation event in humans, we used a functional genomics approach involving RNA interference-mediated suppression of OCT4 function in a human ESC line and analysis of the resulting transcriptional profiles to identify OCT4-dependent genes in human cells. (mpg.de)
  • Significant concordance between this data set and previous comparisons between inner cell mass and trophectoderm in human embryos indicates that the study of human ESC differentiation in vitro represents a useful model of early embryonic differentiation in humans. (mpg.de)
  • Abstract Early mouse development is characterized by structural and epigenetic changes at the chromatin level while cells progress towards differentiation. (sciencegate.app)
  • Recent advances in live imaging and genetics of mammalian division, movement and cell differentiation leading to development which integrate observations of biochemical tissue formation [14 ]. (lu.se)
  • The field has recently started to understand that regulation of early differentiation steps is associated with major changes in the hierarchical spatial organization of chromatin, in addition to many changes in the transcriptome and the epigenome. (spp2202.eu)
  • We demonstrate an unexpected duality in the role of HP1β: it is essential in ESCs for maintaining pluripotency, while it is required for proper differentiation in differentiated cells. (biomedcentral.com)
  • This unique duality makes them an attractive system for potential regenerative medicine and cell therapies, but also for differentiation studies in vitro and for modeling diseases. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Many important developmental procedures including proliferation development patterning and differentiation need the cell routine to be carefully coordinated with several signaling pathways. (bioerc-iend.org)
  • The endocycle is certainly popular among multicellular microorganisms and it is associated with development and differentiation (e.g. nurse cells and follicular cells from the oocyte cyst). (bioerc-iend.org)
  • After implantation differentiation of trophoblast large cells which get excited about the remodeling from the maternal uterus during implantation is certainly achieved through many endocycles resulting in boosts of DNA articles up to 1000N (48). (bioerc-iend.org)
  • Establishment of germ-line-competent embryonic stem (ES) cells using differentiation inhibiting activity. (springer.com)
  • Somatic cells are cells that have gone through the differentiation process and are not germ cells. (asu.edu)
  • The production of terminally differentiated cells from such cells, therefore, requires successive changes of cell fates, meaning that genes relevant for the next stage of differentiation must be switched on and genes not relevant anymore must be switched off. (amegroups.org)
  • The development of the hematopoietic system has long served as model to understand how changes in gene regulatory networks drive the differentiation of the various blood cell types. (amegroups.org)
  • Davor Solter and Takashi Hiiragi of the Max Planck Institute for Immunobiology in Freiburg dispute these results, arguing that in the early embryo (prior to compaction and differentiation into inner cell mass and trophoblast) external factors determine the fate of each cell, rather than an internal polarity. (tbfdev.com)
  • Stability of Imprinting and Differentiation Capacity in Naïve Human Cells Induced by Chemical Inhibition of CDK8 and CDK19. (axonmedchem.com)
  • Organogenesis is a complex developmental process requiring hierarchical cell and tissue differentiation, coordinated in time and space in response to changes in local and distant signaling cues. (biomedcentral.com)
  • To establish protocols for the safe and efficient differentiation of healthy cells for therapies, we must develop a better understanding of the dynamic continuum of metabolic states that span pluripotency and differentiation, and how to influence them. (conditionmed.org)
  • The term stem cell can be defined by two very important qualities: the cell has the ability to self-renew and, in a more general sense, the cell has not completed differentiation into its final state. (thefutureofthings.com)
  • This general definition includes a wide variety of cells with varying degrees of differentiation potential. (thefutureofthings.com)
  • Mammalian development is a highly plastic process that begins with fertilisation of the oocyte bythe sperm to form the zygote, a diploid totipotent cell containing two pro-nuclei, which undergoes several rapid cell divisions to build a blastocyst that is competent for implantation into the uterine wall of the mother. (spp2202.eu)
  • We are also interested in how variations in DNA methylation come about in oocytes and whether we can use this variation as a marker for oocyte quality and embryo potential. (babraham.ac.uk)
  • During pre-implantation stages of mammalian development, maternally stored material promotes both the erasure of the sperm and oocyte epigenetic profiles and is responsible for concomitant genome activation. (babraham.ac.uk)
  • Here, we investigated the role of EHMT1 in the oocyte in comparison to EHMT2 using oocyte-specific conditional knockout mouse models ( cKO, cKO, cDKO), with ablation from the early phase of oocyte growth. (babraham.ac.uk)
  • In 1-cell and 2-cell embryos Dnmt1s is derived from the oocyte, whereas from the 2-cell stage onward the embryo starts to synthesize its own Dnmt1s 8 . (nature.com)
  • Metabolic control of oocyte development: linking maternal nutrition and reproductive outcomes[J]. Cell Mol Life Sci,2015,72:251-271. (magtechjournal.com)
  • 8]Scott R,Zhang M,Seli E. Metabolism of the oocyte and the preimplantation embryo: implications for assisted reproduction[J]. Curr Opin Obstet Gynecol,2018,30:163-170. (magtechjournal.com)
  • Use of pregnancy-associated plasma protein-A during oocyte in vitro maturation increases IGF-1 and affects the transcriptional profile of cumulus cells and embryos from Nelore cows[J]. Mol Reprod Dev,2019,86:1694-1704. (magtechjournal.com)
  • Percoll treatment increased the rate of oocyte penetration and blastocyst formation compared to the control. (e-jarb.org)
  • In a previous study, we found that low levels of sulphur and cobalt (low S/Co) in the diet offered to oocyte donors altered the DNA methylome of bovine embryos. (animal-reproduction.org)
  • Used jointly these total outcomes claim that can be an important regulator from the cell routine in the preimplantation embryo. (bioerc-iend.org)
  • Taken together, our results demonstrate that Nop2 is an essential gene for blastocyst formation, and is required for RNA processing and/or stability in vivo during preimplantation embryo development in the mouse. (umass.edu)
  • Culture of the mouse preimplantation embryo[J]. Methods Mol Biol,2019,2006:13-32. (magtechjournal.com)
  • We examine how epigenetic states are set up in oocytes - or egg cells - and influence gene expression in the embryo. (babraham.ac.uk)
  • For example, repressive chromatin marks in oocytes lead to long-term silencing of genes inherited from the mother, particularly in cells that will form the placenta. (babraham.ac.uk)
  • Here, we have utilized single-cell methylome and transcriptome sequencing (scM&T-seq) to quantify both mRNA expression and DNA methylation in oocytes and a developmental series of human embryos at single-cell resolution. (babraham.ac.uk)
  • To identify H3K9 methylation and other meaningful biological changes in each mutant to explore the molecular functions of EHMT1 and EHMT2, we performed immunofluorescence imaging, multi-omics sequencing, and mass spectrometry (MS)-based proteome analyses in cKO oocytes. (babraham.ac.uk)
  • Retrospectively, it seems absurd, but the respected big-bearded academics disregarded the obvious fact that - unlike those of frogs and salamanders - oocytes and embryos of mammals are extremely sensitive to temperature changes and do not tolerate exposition to room temperature, not even for a short period. (vitavitro.com)
  • As Hans-Werner Denker observes, it was once assumed that in mammals, in contrast to amphibians and birds, polarity in the early embryo depends upon some external signal, since no clear indications of bilateral symmetry had been found in oocytes, zygotes, or early blastocysts. (tbfdev.com)
  • The Dolly experiment showed that scientists could reprogram the nucleus of somatic cells by transferring the contents of the nucleus into oocytes that have had their nuclei removed, a technique called somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT). (asu.edu)
  • The large volume of medium significantly reduced the number of dead oocytes and increased the rate of blastocyst formation compared to the small volume. (e-jarb.org)
  • Currently, the ability to culture in vitro totipotent cells possessing molecular and functional features like those of an early embryo in vivo has been a challenge. (sciencegate.app)
  • However, it is disputed whether TBLCs are 'true' totipotent stem cells equivalent to in vivo two-cell stage embryos. (sciencegate.app)
  • This study underscores the subtle differences between in vitro derived TBLCs and in vivo mouse early developmental cell stages at the single-cell transcriptomic level. (sciencegate.app)
  • The canonical watch about the control of the cell routine is in fact getting challenged by in vivo research. (bioerc-iend.org)
  • Rossant, J. & Lis, W. T. Potential of isolated mouse inner cell masses to form trophectoderm derivatives in vivo . (nature.com)
  • In vivo and in organized cells, and proper symmetry are healthy individuals, macrophages can characteristics of higher-quality embryos, which phagocytize DNA that has been passively point to healthy development and higher rates of released into the blood from apoptotic or necrotic implantation. (who.int)
  • Methylome dynamics of bovine gametes and in vivo early embryos. (animal-reproduction.org)
  • We fully characterize embryonic genome activation and maternal transcript degradation and map key epigenetic reprogramming events in developmentally high-quality embryos. (babraham.ac.uk)
  • These biomarkers are helpful for rapid and accurate screening of high-quality embryos with the most developmental potential. (magtechjournal.com)
  • cleavage concealed ovulation conception delamination deuterostome developmental biology diakinesis dioestrus In the mammalian estrous cycle, the long period of quiescence following ovulation, during which the uterus prepares to receive a fertilized ovum. (wikipedia.org)
  • In mouse embryos, cells seem prepatterned to become certain cell lineage because the first cleavage plane has been related with further embryonic-abembryonic axis at the blastocyst stage. (bioone.org)
  • The rapid, multiple rounds of cell division are termed cleavage. (opentextbc.ca)
  • After the cleavage has produced over 100 cells, the embryo is called a blastula. (opentextbc.ca)
  • a) During cleavage, the zygote rapidly divides into multiple cells without increasing in size. (opentextbc.ca)
  • Other species, such as birds, with a lot of yolk in the egg to nourish the embryo during development, undergo meroblastic cleavage. (opentextbc.ca)
  • How plastic the normal cell cycle is usually becomes clear when comparing the so-called "embryonic cleavage cycles" and the endoreplication cycle also referred to as the endocycle. (bioerc-iend.org)
  • The embryonic cleavage cycles are maternally powered as nutrition and cell routine factors are kept in the egg cytoplasm during oogenesis. (bioerc-iend.org)
  • As in various other multicellular microorganisms including vertebrates mammalian advancement also starts by an activity called cleavage comprising some mitotic divisions without upsurge in embryo size. (bioerc-iend.org)
  • By comparing these signatures with early embryos that have undergone spontaneous cleavage-stage arrest, as determined by time-lapse imaging, we identify embryos that fail to appropriately activate their genomes or undergo epigenetic reprogramming. (babraham.ac.uk)
  • Louvet-Vallee, S., Vinot, S. & Maro, B. Mitotic spindles and cleavage planes are oriented randomly in the two-cell mouse embryo. (nature.com)
  • Since cleavage and the formation of the blastodermic vesicle in man has not been observed, it is necessary to take some other mammalian form for the early stages. (edu.au)
  • Understanding the association between Cell-free DNA levels in embryo CM and the quality of embryo cleavage could help improve the quality of IVF techniques. (who.int)
  • This prospective study was conducted with 96 spent CM from patients undergoing IVF cycle, in order to determine relationships of Cell-free DNA levels in embryo CM with embryo cleavage quality on day 3. (who.int)
  • We conclude that cel -free DNA levels in CM might be associated with delayed embryo cleavage. (who.int)
  • But he also believes that embryos produced outside of a woman's body, whether by cloning or in vitro fertilization, are not human beings unless or until they are implanted in a uterus. (tbfdev.com)
  • Non-invasive amino acid profiling of embryo culture medium using HPLC correlates with embryo implantation potential in women undergoing in vitro fertilization[J]. Front Physiol,2020,doi:10.3389/fphys.2020.00405. (magtechjournal.com)
  • Association of soluble HLA-G plasma level and HLA-G genetic polymor-phism with pregnancy outcome of patients undergoing in vitro fertilization embryo transfer[J]. Front Immunol,2020,doi:10.3389/fimmu.2019.02982. (magtechjournal.com)
  • Today, this technique continues to form the foundation for research on mammalian embryos, including technologies such as transgenic engineering, embryonic stem cell therapy, human in vitro fertilization, mammalian cloning, and knockout engineering. (avma.org)
  • The TBLCs exhibited totipotency transcriptionally and acquired expanded developmental potential with the ability to yield various embryonic and extraembryonic tissues that may be employed as novel mouse developmental cell models. (sciencegate.app)
  • Our results indicate that a failure to successfully accomplish these essential milestones impedes the developmental potential of pre-implantation embryos and is likely to have important implications, similar to aneuploidy, for the success of assisted reproductive cycles. (babraham.ac.uk)
  • Screenings high-quality gametes and high developmental potential embryos are focus of assisted reproductive technology. (magtechjournal.com)
  • blastocyst blastodisc blastomere blastopore blastula An early form of the animal embryo generally consisting of a hollow sphere of cells (blastomeres) in a single layer (the blastoderm) surrounding a fluid-filled cavity (the blastocoel). (wikipedia.org)
  • Efficient generation of embryonic stem cells from single blastomeres of cryopreserved mouse embryos in the presence of signalling modulators. (axonmedchem.com)
  • Up to the 2-cell embryo, blastomeres remain totipotent (Garner and McLaren, 1974). (conditionmed.org)
  • At blastocyst stage, the segregation of the three primordial lineages is accompanied by establishment of differential patterns of DNA methylation and post-translational modifications of histones, such as H3K27me3. (sciencegate.app)
  • Genome-wide assessment of DNA methylation alterations induced by superovulation, sexual immaturity and in vitro follicle growth in mouse blastocysts. (babraham.ac.uk)
  • Here we report genome-wide composition, patterning, and stage-specific dynamics of DNA methylation in pre-implantation rhesus monkey embryos as well as male and female gametes studied using an optimized tagmentation-based whole-genome bisulfite sequencing method. (nature.com)
  • By the 8-cell stage, remethylation becomes more pronounced than demethylation, resulting in an increase in global DNA methylation. (nature.com)
  • Most importantly, our DNA methyltransferase loss-of-function analysis indicates that DNA methylation influences early monkey embryogenesis. (nature.com)
  • We therefore decided to investigate comprehensively the global and high-resolution DNA methylation dynamics during early development of a non-human primate (rhesus monkey, Macaca mulatta ). (nature.com)
  • Monkeys have served as one of the most valuable models for understanding DNA methylation dynamics during early embryogenesis in human due to their similarities in genetics and early embryonic development 17 , 18 . (nature.com)
  • To understand how cell state transitions impact DNMT1-mediated maintenance methylation, we scaled the method down and combined it with the measurement of mRNA to simultaneously quantify genome-wide methylation levels, maintenance methylation fidelity and the transcriptome from the same cell (scDyad&T-seq). (deylab.com)
  • Applying scDyad&T-seq to mouse embryonic stem cells transitioning from serum to 2i conditions, we observe dramatic and heterogenous demethylation and the emergence of transcriptionally distinct subpopulations that are closely linked to the cell-to-cell variability in loss of DNMT1-mediated maintenance methylation activity, with regions of the genome that escape 5mC reprogramming retaining high levels of maintenance methylation fidelity. (deylab.com)
  • Overall, our results demonstrate that while distinct cell states can substantially impact the genome-wide activity of the DNA methylation maintenance machinery, locally there exists an intrinsic relationship between DNA methylation density, histone modifications and DNMT1-mediated maintenance methylation fidelity that is independent of cell state. (deylab.com)
  • The ability of E2F-1 to prompt apoptosis in DNA damaged cells coincides with enhanced PRMT1 methylation. (embl.de)
  • In contrast, cyclin A binding to E2F-1 impedes PRMT1 methylation and augments PRMT5 methylation, thus ensuring that E2F-1 is locked into its cell-cycle progression mode. (embl.de)
  • Postnatal paternal folate deficiency increases congenital disabilities through H3K4me3 histone methylation changes in sperm and embryos. (molcells.org)
  • Later, when these mice mature, they bred these male mice with WT female mice fed with a regular chow diet to examine pregnancy outcomes, H3K4me3 histone methylation in sperm and eight-cell embryos, and transcriptome of early embryos. (molcells.org)
  • However, due to the extensive epigenetic reprogramming that occurs during embryogenesis, we hypothesized that the different methylation regions (DMRs) identified in the blastocysts may not maintain in adulthood. (animal-reproduction.org)
  • These results suggest that embryo DMRs were reprogrammed during the final stages of de novo methylation during embryogenesis or later in development. (animal-reproduction.org)
  • Canovas S, Ross PJ, Kelsey G, Coy P. DNA Methylation in Embryo Development: Epigenetic Impact of ART (Assisted Reproductive Technologies). (animal-reproduction.org)
  • Davis TL, Yang GJ, McCarrey JR, Bartolomei MS. The H19 methylation imprint is erased and re‐established differentially on the parental alleles during male germ cell development. (animal-reproduction.org)
  • Dean W, Santos F, Stojkovic M, Zakhartchenko V, Walter J, Wolf J, Reik W. Conservation of methylation reprogramming in mammalian development: aberrant reprogramming in cloned embryos. (animal-reproduction.org)
  • Devos J, Behrouzi A, Paradis F, Straathof C, Li C, Colazo M, Block H, Fitzsimmons C. Genetic potential for residual feed intake and diet fed during early- to mid-gestation influences post-natal DNA methylation of imprinted genes in muscle and liver tissues in beef cattle. (animal-reproduction.org)
  • Choline acts during preimplantation development of the bovine embryo to program postnatal growth and alter muscle DNA methylation. (animal-reproduction.org)
  • The early mammalian embryo consists of the extra-embryonic cell layers-the trophoblast and a body of cells called the inner cell mass (ICM), which eventually become the embryo proper. (thefutureofthings.com)
  • Modeling human embryo development with embryonic and extra-embryonic stem cells. (caltech.edu)
  • To facilitate a quantitative morphological analysis of early mouse development under controlled conditions, a perfusion culture system capable of supporting embryogenesis to blastocyst stage has been developed. (sciencegate.app)
  • During embryogenesis, cells repeatedly divide and dynamically change their positions in three-dimensional (3D) space. (nature.com)
  • A robust and accurate algorithm to acquire the 3D positions of the cells would help to reveal the mechanisms of embryogenesis. (nature.com)
  • Using QCANet, we were able to extract several quantitative criteria of embryogenesis from 11 early mouse embryos. (nature.com)
  • However, robust and large-scale genome-wide reprogramming of DNA methylome occurs during two critical developmental processes: (1) development of primordial germ cells and (2) pre-implantation embryogenesis. (nature.com)
  • Although the genome-wide DNA demethylation is believed to be a hallmark of mammalian embryogenesis, previous study also indicated that the somatic form of dnmt1 ( dnmt1s ) is actually expressed at each stage of pre-implantation embryos and plays a role in the maintenance of DNA imprinting 8 . (nature.com)
  • However, probably due to technological limitations, no study has yet revealed genome-wide DNA remethylation during early embryogenesis. (nature.com)
  • A single cell characterisation of human embryogenesis identifies pluripotency transitions and putative anterior hypoblast centre. (caltech.edu)
  • Differential expression analyses were performed between TBLCs and multi-embryonic cell stages to identify differentially expressed genes. (sciencegate.app)
  • Watts J, Lokken A, Moauro A, Ralston A . Capturing and Interconverting Embryonic Cell Fates in a Dish. (msu.edu)
  • SUMOylation of linker histone H1 drives chromatin condensation and restriction of embryonic cell fate identity. (axonmedchem.com)
  • Also, further studies could reveal the mechanism of cell fate decision in mammals and its differences between species. (eurekalert.org)
  • In mammals, the blastula forms the blastocyst in the next stage of development. (opentextbc.ca)
  • Dalcetrapib The former which take place in most metazoans except mammals follow fertilization and can be very quickly (significantly less than 10 min in embryo) (7 35 furthermore they absence the G1 and G2 difference phases and specific checkpoint handles which make sure that confirmed step is certainly properly attained before development progresses to another step from the routine (8). (bioerc-iend.org)
  • a significant amount of embryonic activity is also dedicated to establishing cell polarity and the basic axes of the body plan, determining the fates of specific cells, activating the embryonic genome, and ultimately transferring full control of gene expression from the mother to the embryo. (wikipedia.org)
  • This gap in our knowledge is largely due to the fact that direct combined visualization of the physical 3D structure of the genome and transcriptional activity in single differentiating cells is lacking, which would allow us to reveal when and how changes in the spatial genome architecture are linked to changes in function such as gene expression, in situ inside single embryonic cells. (spp2202.eu)
  • This novel approach will allow us to quantitatively map how genome architecture changes when identical sister cells differentiate into inner cell mass and trophectoderm. (spp2202.eu)
  • Our experiments will thus reveal which structural hallmarks of the genome underlie the first fate specification in mammalian life. (spp2202.eu)
  • On the two-cell stage transcription from the zygotic genome takes place and is necessary for the next cleavages to occur (11). (bioerc-iend.org)
  • Single-cell multi-omic analysis profiles defective genome activation and epigenetic reprogramming associated with human pre-implantation embryo arrest. (babraham.ac.uk)
  • In mouse, a unidirectional demethylation process from the zygote stage to blastocyst stage is observed using either reduced representation bisulfite sequencing (RRBS) or single-base resolution whole-genome bisulfite sequencing (WGBS) method. (nature.com)
  • The stimulus for the change of cell fate originates from extrinsic signals which set a cascade of intracellular processes in motion that eventually terminate at the genome leading to changes in gene expression and the development of alternate gene regulatory networks. (amegroups.org)
  • By 1981, he and Richard D. Palmiter, PhD, a professor of biochemistry at the University of Washington School of Medicine, were able to show for the first time that new genes could be introduced into the mammalian genome. (avma.org)
  • Drosophila embryos are easily amenable to imaging because they are more transparent than the embryos of other model organisms, such as mice. (nature.com)
  • Driever, W. & Nüsslein-Volhard, C. A gradient of bicoid protein in Drosophila embryos. (nature.com)
  • Driever, W. & Nüsslein-Volhard, C. The bicoid protein determines position in the Drosophila embryo in a concentration-dependent manner. (nature.com)
  • More recently, William Neaves, president of the Stowers Institute for Medical Research in Kansas City, has similarly claimed in public hearings that the embryo does not become a human being until implantation. (tbfdev.com)
  • According to Neaves, not until the embryo receives external, maternal signals at implantation is it able to establish the basic body plan of the human, and only then does it become a self-directing human organism. (tbfdev.com)
  • He claims that at implantation maternal signaling factors transform a bundle of cells into a human organism. (tbfdev.com)
  • Bilateral symmetry can already be detected in the early blastocyst and is not dependent on implantation. (tbfdev.com)
  • Moreover - and more importantly - even if it is the case that polarity does not emerge until a maternal signal is received at implantation, that would not provide any evidence at all that such a signal transformed a bundle of cells into a unitary, multicellular human organism. (tbfdev.com)
  • Non-invasive molecular assessment of human embryo development and implantation potential[J]. Biosens Bioelectron,2020,doi:10.1016/j.bios.2020.112144. (magtechjournal.com)
  • Embryo morphology al ows options, the discovery of cell-free DNA in the evaluation of its growth, viability, and biological fluids has led to major advances in implantation capacity. (who.int)
  • So when I was recently contacted by an earnest and amiable member of a local school board who was concerned about the questionable manner in which the issue of "stem cell" research - both human embryonic and adult - was presented to the high school students in his district in a currently-used science textbook, I agreed to evaluate that section in the text for him. (lifeissues.net)
  • My edited analysis of the section on "stem cell research" in this science textbook is copied below. (lifeissues.net)
  • In my opinion there is no question but that the scientific information on stem cell research included in this science text book being used in Illinois schools incorporates some inaccurate scientific facts, and seems to be very partial to the use of human embryonic "stem cell" research. (lifeissues.net)
  • Evans MD, Kelley J. US attitudes toward human embryonic stem cell research. (springer.com)
  • Somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT) is a technology applied in cloning, stem cell research and regenerative medicine. (asu.edu)
  • Yamanaka worked to find new ways to acquire embryonic stem cells to avoid the social and ethical controversies surrounding the use of human embryos in stem cell research during the late twentieth and early twenty-first centuries. (asu.edu)
  • While regarded by many top scientists as the Holy Grail of medicine, others consider embryonic stem-cell research sacrilegious. (thefutureofthings.com)
  • Recent advances in the field of stem-cell research are giving hope to millions. (thefutureofthings.com)
  • A particular field encouraged by the foundation is stem-cell research, with the great hope that it will result in the ability to get cells to differentiate into neurons and support cells to bridge the gap of a spinal cord injury. (thefutureofthings.com)
  • Our objective was to determine whether this would be the case in another mammalian species, the bovine. (bioone.org)
  • To achieve this, cells of in vitro produced bovine embryos were traced from the 2-cell stage to the blastocyst stage. (bioone.org)
  • image: An early bovine embryo regenerating its TE cells which will later form a large part of the placenta. (eurekalert.org)
  • Scientists led by Manabu Kawahara at Hokkaido University have shown that, since bovine ICM cells can regenerate TE, they are capable of forming both the embryo and placenta. (eurekalert.org)
  • To examine the ICM's capacity to regenerate TE, the researchers cultivated mouse and bovine blastocysts and removed entire TE from both blastocysts. (eurekalert.org)
  • The more complete recovery of bovine blastocysts in cell numbers compared to mouse blastocysts suggests the bovine cells have a higher regenerative capacity. (eurekalert.org)
  • Further experiments revealed abnormal protein expression in the TE of mouse regenerated blastocysts, whereas bovine regenerated blastocysts showed normal gene expressions overall. (eurekalert.org)
  • The use of a mesh system allows identification of individual embryos by position, and control of their orientation during culture and preparation for light and electron microscopy. (sciencegate.app)
  • We showed that the extracted criteria could be used to evaluate the differences between individual embryos. (nature.com)
  • My 400-page doctoral dissertation was titled, A Philosophical and Scientific Analysis of the Nature of the Early Human Embryo (Georgetown University 1991). (lifeissues.net)
  • Among these is the isolation of the first line of murine stem cells [ 5 , 6 ] in 1981, followed by establishment of the first human embryonic stem cell lines by Thompson [ 7 ]. (intechopen.com)
  • In this regard, emerging technologies of chimeric human organ production via blastocyst complementation (BC) holds great promise. (frontiersin.org)
  • To take human organ generation via BC and transplantation to the next step, we reviewed current emerging organ generation technologies and the associated efficiency of chimera formation in human cells from the standpoint of developmental biology. (frontiersin.org)
  • Furthermore, due to ethical and legal concerns, very limited techniques can be applied to human embryos to validate some of significant conclusions drawn from descriptive studies regarding human embryonic development. (nature.com)
  • Nucleolar protein 2 (NOP2) is evolutionarily conserved from yeast to human, and has been found to play an important role in accelerating cell proliferation, cell-cycle progression, and tumor aggressiveness. (umass.edu)
  • What is probably the youngest human embryo, described by Bryce and Teacher, is shown in section in Fig. 73. (edu.au)
  • Embryonic stem cell lines derived from human blastocysts. (springer.com)
  • Some prohibit only cloning for reproductive purposes and allow the creation of cloned human embryos for research, whereas others prohibit the creation of cloned embryos for any purpose. (who.int)
  • Robert describes part-human animals, otherwise known as chimeras, as those resulting from the intentional combination of human and nonhuman cells, tissues, or organs at any stage of development. (asu.edu)
  • Scientists have applied somatic cell nuclear transfer to clone human and mammalian embryos as a means to produce stem cells for laboratory and medical use. (asu.edu)
  • They just prevent the already existing human embryo who is traveling through the woman's or young girl's fallopian tube (uterine tube) from eventually implanting in the uterus. (lifeissues.net)
  • Takahashi and Yamanaka also experimented with human cell cultures in 2007. (asu.edu)
  • The ICM continues to differentiate into three germ layers-ectoderm, mesoderm and endoderm, each of which follows a specific developmental destiny that takes them along an ever-specifying path at which end the daughter cells will make up the different organs of the human body. (thefutureofthings.com)
  • In rodents, and even in some preliminary trials in humans, human embryonic stem cells have been shown to bridge gaps in spinal cord injuries , allowing restoration of motor functions. (thefutureofthings.com)
  • Stem-cell-based human and mouse embryo models. (caltech.edu)
  • Human embryo polarization requires PLC signaling to mediate trophectoderm specification. (caltech.edu)
  • An in vitro stem cell model of human epiblast and yolk sac interaction. (caltech.edu)
  • Work at home, which uses that the patients present introduced been on the cells of the human modelsIn biomarkers. (scoutconnection.com)
  • and human spermatogenic stem cell culture to treat azoospermia, and to preserve fertility in pre-pubertal boys undergoing cancer treatment. (infertile.com)
  • In the fifties of the last century, we had already the nuclear bomb, the sputnik, the television, the first digital computers - but not a single mammalian embryo produced in vitro . (vitavitro.com)
  • The developmental capacity of nuclei transplanted from keratinized skin cells of adult frogs. (springer.com)
  • Viable offspring derived from fetal and adult mammalian cells. (springer.com)
  • The nucleus of an adult somatic cell (such as a skin cell) is removed and transferred to an enucleated egg, which is then stimulated with electric current or chemicals to activate cell division. (who.int)
  • if it implants and the pregnancy goes to term, the resulting individual will carry the same nuclear genetic material as the donor of the adult somatic cell. (who.int)
  • The fact that the DNA of a fully differentiated (adult) cell could be stimulated to revert to a condition comparable to that of a newly fertilized egg and to repeat the process of embryonic development demonstrates that all the genes in differentiated cells retain their functional capacity, although only a few are active. (who.int)
  • Takahashi and Yamanaka's 2006 and 2007 experiments showed that scientists can prompt adult body cells to dedifferentiate, or lose specialized characteristics, and behave similarly to embryonic stem cells (ESCs). (asu.edu)
  • Moreover, Dr. Brinster first demonstrated that teratocarcinoma cells could combine with blastocyst cells to form adult chimeric mice, establishing the feasibility of this approach to change the genetic character of mice. (avma.org)
  • however, there are also stem cells in the adult body. (thefutureofthings.com)
  • These adult stem cells are considered multipotent, having the ability to differentiate into different cell types, albeit with a more limited repertoire than embryonic stem cells. (thefutureofthings.com)
  • The ability of our body to regenerate some of its tissues is largely owed to the reserves of adult stem cells. (thefutureofthings.com)
  • Adult stem cells can be used to accelerate bone or tendon healing , and they can induce cartilage progenitor cells to produce a better matrix and repair cartilage damage . (thefutureofthings.com)
  • Adult stem cells can be used to replace damaged heart-muscle cells and are used in practice today . (thefutureofthings.com)
  • The most common application of adult stem cells is probably the restoration of blood cells for patients with leukemia, and there are many more applications currently in practice. (thefutureofthings.com)
  • Here, we aimed to characterize DMRs previously identified in embryos, in the blood and sperm of adult progenies of two groups of heifers (low S/Co and control). (animal-reproduction.org)
  • Therefore, due to the highly dynamic epigenetic state during early embryonic development, we suggest that is essential to validate the DMRs found in embryos in adult individuals. (animal-reproduction.org)
  • The POU domain transcription factor OCT4 is a key regulator of pluripotency in the early mammalian embryo and is highly expressed in the inner cell mass of the blastocyst. (mpg.de)
  • Embryonic stem cells (ESCs), derived from the blastocyst-stage embryo, are capable of generating all cell types of the mammalian body (pluripotency) and of maintaining the capacity for indefinite self-renewal without compromising their genomic integrity. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Frum T, Watts JL, Ralston A. TEAD4, YAP1 and WWTR1 prevent the premature onset of pluripotency prior to the 16-cell stage. (msu.edu)
  • Frum T, Ralston A . Pluripotency - what does cell polarity have to do with it? (msu.edu)
  • We discuss what is known about the distinct metabolic states captured in vitro by the 2-cell-like, naïve, blastocyst-like, formative, and primed states of pluripotency. (conditionmed.org)
  • We explore the recently described metabolic surge event that occurs as pluripotency is lost and stem cells commit to differentiate. (conditionmed.org)
  • The minor fraction of HP1β that is chromatin-bound in ESCs is enriched within exons, unlike the situation in differentiated cells, where it binds heterochromatic satellite repeats and chromocenters. (biomedcentral.com)
  • This complex process is regulated by the interplay of transcription factors with a chromatin environment, both of which provide the epigenetic information maintaining cell-type specific gene expression patterns. (amegroups.org)
  • Chromatin Regulation of Early Embryonic Lineage Specification. (msu.edu)
  • Mammalian embryos develop into a specialized blastula known as a blastocyst, containing a differentiated inner cell mass and trophectoderm. (wikipedia.org)
  • diverticulum ectoderm embryo embryo transfer embryoblast Another name for the inner cell mass, i.e. that portion of the blastocyst that actually gives rise to embryonic tissues, as opposed to extraembryonic tissues. (wikipedia.org)
  • Two cell lineages are observed on the embryonic-abembryonic axis of the blastocyst: the inner cell mass and the trophectoderm. (bioone.org)
  • The blastocyst consists of two types of cells, the inner cell mass (ICM) and the trophectoderm (TE), which develop into an embryo proper and a large part of the placenta, respectively. (eurekalert.org)
  • Here the cells in the blastula arrange themselves in two layers: the inner cell mass , and an outer layer called the trophoblast . (opentextbc.ca)
  • The blastocyst contains the first two lineage-committed cell types in mammalian development, the extraembryonic trophectoderm and the inner cell mass that provides embryonic stem cells. (spp2202.eu)
  • Fleming, T. P. A quantitative analysis of cell allocation to trophectoderm and inner cell mass in the mouse blastocyst. (nature.com)
  • Rossant, J. & Vijh, K. M. Ability of outside cells from preimplantation mouse embryos to form inner cell mass derivatives. (nature.com)
  • Following the formation of the yolk cavity, the contiguous cells of the inner cell mass proliferate and migrate to form a complete lining for the cavity. (edu.au)
  • Meanwhile the central cells of the inner cell mass undergo vacuolization, leaving now only the enveloping layer and a single layer of cells applied to the entoderm. (edu.au)
  • The blastocyst comprises the inner cell mass (ICM), which gives rise to the three primary germ layers and consequently the fetus, and the trophectoderm (TE), which gives rise to the extraembryonic and placental tissue. (conditionmed.org)
  • Single-cell profiling of transcriptome and histone modifications with EpiDamID. (axonmedchem.com)
  • PCA of eight-cell embryo transcriptome revealed evident clustering based on paternal diet and genotype. (molcells.org)
  • Stem cells derived from blastocyst (naïve ESCs and TSCs) do not fully maintain the H3K27me3 enrichment at PCH. (sciencegate.app)
  • Research on iPSCs, initiated by Shinya Yamanaka in 2006 and extended by James Thompson in 2007, has so far revealed the same properties as embryonic stem cells (ESCs), making their discovery potentially very beneficial for scientists and ethicists alike. (asu.edu)
  • the course of development that occurs during the time period beginning with the fertilization of the ovum and ending when the developing animal can no longer be considered an embryo, the criteria for which may vary widely and arbitrarily depending on species. (wikipedia.org)
  • Folate-deficient postnatal diet can change H3K4me3 patterns in sperm that are not erased after fertilization, but persist throughout preimplantation embryos. (molcells.org)
  • Individual oscillating cells are synchronized with their neighbors, forming a coherent wave pattern of gene expression. (ens-lyon.fr)
  • Resolution of cell fate decisions revealed by single-cell gene expression analysis from zygote to blastocyst. (nature.com)
  • In the developing embryo, TFs regulating the assembly/disassembly of transcriptional complexes and ultimately gene expression, are directed by complex extrinsic signalling processes which connect all cells within a multi-cellular organism to their environment. (amegroups.org)
  • Changes in H3K4me3 patterns are linked to dysregulated gene expression in early development, leading to congenital disabilities in the offspring. (molcells.org)
  • Each cell within the blastula is called a blastomere. (opentextbc.ca)
  • NOP2-deficient embryos exhibit reduced blastomere numbers, greatly increased apoptosis, and impaired cell-lineage specification. (umass.edu)
  • Frum T, Ralston A. Visualizing HIPPO Signaling Components in Mouse Early Embryonic Development.Methods Mol Biol. (msu.edu)
  • Adv Anat Embryol Cell Biol. (msu.edu)
  • Glutamine supplementation enhances development of in vitro -produced porcine embryos and increases leucine consumption from the medium[J]. Biol Reprod,2018,99:938-948. (magtechjournal.com)
  • Erratum in: Nat Cell Biol. (caltech.edu)
  • In the proposed project we plan to address this gap in our knowledge and decipher the relation between genomic architecture and transcription in single cells of the early mouse embryo. (spp2202.eu)
  • Figure 1: Classic models for lineage segregation in the early mouse embryo. (nature.com)
  • Piotrowska, K. & Zernicka-Goetz, M. Role for sperm in spatial patterning of the early mouse embryo. (nature.com)
  • Generation of Stem Cell-Based Mouse Embryo-Like Structures. (caltech.edu)
  • Mouse embryo model derived exclusively from embryonic stem cells undergoes neurulation and heart development. (caltech.edu)
  • To address this question, single-cell RNA sequencing was applied to TBLCs and cells from early mouse embryonic developmental stages and the data were integrated using canonical correlation analyses. (sciencegate.app)
  • The early stages of embryonic development are also crucial for ensuring the fitness of the organism. (opentextbc.ca)
  • through all stages from the cell routine may be thoroughly modified during advancement to be able to meet the demands of a given Dalcetrapib cell at specific stages. (bioerc-iend.org)
  • We show that this histone modification is first enriched at PCH in the whole embryo and evolves into a diffuse distribution in epiblast during its specification and maturation. (sciencegate.app)
  • The first lineage specification during mammalian embryo development can be visually distinguished at the blastocyst stage. (bioone.org)
  • The mechanisms underlying the appearance of asymmetry between cells in the early embryo and consequently the specification of distinct cell lineages during mammalian development remain elusive. (nature.com)
  • As Gretchen Vogel reported in 2005 in Science magazine, embryologists are "polarized over early cell fate determination. (tbfdev.com)
  • Ralston A . XEN and the Art of Stem Cell maintenance: Molecular Mechanisms Maintaining Cell Fate and Self-Renewal in Extraembryonic Endoderm Stem (XEN) Cell Lines. (msu.edu)
  • Lokken A, Ralston A . The Genetic Regulation of Cell Fate During Preimplantation Mouse Development. (msu.edu)
  • Statistically derived geometrical landscapes capture principles of decision-making dynamics during cell fate transitions. (axonmedchem.com)
  • The cells of the ICM are no longer omnipotent, because they no longer share the fate of the trophoblast, and they have committed themselves to an embryonic fate with the ability to become any cell in the body (but not the trophoblast). (thefutureofthings.com)
  • The role of polarization and early heterogeneities in the mammalian first cell fate decision. (caltech.edu)
  • Denker refers specifically to the work of Magdalena Zernicka-Goetz and her colleagues at Cambridge and that of R. L. Gardner at Oxford, which shows that polarity exists even at the two-cell stage. (tbfdev.com)
  • It is no longer taken as certain that the bilateral polarity of the embryo does not occur in the very first cleavages. (tbfdev.com)
  • Cell Polarity in Development and Disease. (msu.edu)
  • A calf was born from an embryo lacking cells which form a large part of the placenta, providing new insight into the regenerative capacity of mammalian embryos. (eurekalert.org)
  • After the embryo-transfer, to their surprise, one of the four cows became pregnant and a female calf was naturally born with an apparently normal placenta. (eurekalert.org)
  • The blastocyst includes two cell Dalcetrapib types: the trophectoderm (TE) that provides rise towards the placenta and an internal cell mass Dalcetrapib (ICM) that the complete fetus and area of the extraembryonic tissue will establish. (bioerc-iend.org)
  • Non-invasive methods for embryo selection[J]. Facts Views Vis Obgyn,2016,8:87-100. (magtechjournal.com)
  • that is, one large single-celled zygote divides into multiple smaller cells. (opentextbc.ca)
  • Nevertheless and in stunning contrast to various other types the mammalian zygote divides gradually. (bioerc-iend.org)
  • Arising from somatopleure very early in development, the amnion grows to surround and define the amniotic cavity, which contains amniotic fluid that cushions and protects the developing embryo from injury. (wikipedia.org)
  • birth blastocoel The fluid-filled or yolk-filled cavity that forms in the developing blastula or blastocyst in virtually all animal species. (wikipedia.org)
  • The egg goes through multiple cell divisions to increase its cell numbers and then starts forming a sphere-like structure with a cavity inside, called the blastocyst. (eurekalert.org)
  • The blastula is usually a spherical layer of cells (the blastoderm) surrounding a fluid-filled or yolk-filled cavity (the blastocoel). (opentextbc.ca)
  • b) The cells rearrange themselves to form a hollow ball with a fluid-filled or yolk-filled cavity called the blastula. (opentextbc.ca)
  • In the case of the solid sphere, vacuoles appear within the central cells and then coalesce to establish a large cavity which occupies the greater part of the interior of the sphere. (edu.au)
  • and the cavity subsequently becomes the cavity of the yolk sac of the embryo. (edu.au)
  • Remarkably, a subpopulation within the TBLCs population expressed a high level of the totipotent-related genes Zscan4s and displayed transcriptomic features similar to mouse two-cell stage embryonic cells. (sciencegate.app)
  • Our study has identified a new experimental model for stem cell biology, namely 'cluster 3', as a subpopulation of TBLCs that can be molecularly defined as near totipotent cells. (sciencegate.app)
  • The first three divisions of the zygote give birth to eight totipotent cells, each of which also has the ability to become an entire organism. (thefutureofthings.com)
  • To overcome this significant crisis, researchers are investigating various approaches involving direct xenotransplantation, organoids, decellularization, and recellularization, and more recently, organ bioengineering using blastocyst complementation (BC). (frontiersin.org)
  • This work validates the use of blastocyst complementation as a tool to create novel insight into the function of developmental genes and highlights blastocyst complementation as a potential platform for generating chimeric inner ear cell types that can be transplanted into damaged inner ears to improve hearing. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Using time-lapse microscopy, we have identified the emergence of this random pattern at the third to fourth cell cycle, when cells started to intermingle. (bioone.org)
  • For time-lapse observation of early-stage D rosophila embryos, Keller et al. (nature.com)
  • Stem cells and regenerative medicine - future perspectives. (springer.com)
  • Stem cells in regenerative medicine: introduction. (springer.com)
  • The development of multi-cellular organisms begins from a single-celled zygote, which undergoes rapid cell division to form the blastula. (opentextbc.ca)
  • Transplantation of living nuclei from blastula cells into enucleated frogs' eggs. (springer.com)
  • Embryo sHLA-G secretion is related to pregnancy rate[J]. Zygote,2019,27:78-81. (magtechjournal.com)
  • 2019). Akin to the dynamic nutrient requirements of the developing embryo, discrete in vitro cell states have distinct metabolic profiles (Zhou et al. (conditionmed.org)
  • Somatic-cell nuclear transfer, the technique by which Dolly was created, was first used 40 years ago in research with tadpoles and frogs. (who.int)
  • Scientists were initially interested in somatic-cell nuclear transfer as a means of determining whether genes remain functional even after most of them have been switched off as the cells in a developing organism assume their specialized functions as blood cells, muscle cells, and so forth. (who.int)
  • Fluorescent reporters distinguish stem cell colony subtypes during somatic cell reprogramming. (msu.edu)
  • and examining the effect of the co-culture medium ( Abeydeera and Day, 1997 ) on embryo production. (e-jarb.org)