Early embryonic frog cells donor egg cell. Medical search. Frequent questions

The artificial cloning of organisms, sometimes known as reproductive cloning, is often accomplished via somatic-cell nuclear transfer (SCNT), a cloning method in which a viable embryo is created from a somatic cell and an egg cell. (wikipedia.org)
During the development of vertebrates, including humans, the fertilized egg develops into the embryo, and the cells in the embryo then proceed to differentiate to form somatic cells of different tissues and organs. (shawprize.org)
The fertilized egg is considered totipotent, as it can develop into a whole organism, while the cells in the embryo are pluripotent because they are capable of differentiating into somatic cells that make up all the organs. (shawprize.org)
They pioneered a new technique of starving embryo cells before transferring their nucleus to fertilized egg cells. (shawprize.org)
2. Nuclear transfer is a technique used to duplicate genetic material by creating an embryo through the transfer and fusion of a diploid cell in an enucleated female oocyte.2 Cloning has a broader meaning than nuclear transfer as it also involves gene replication and natural or induced embryo splitting (see Annex 1). (who.int)
This question had been asked by embryologists since 1886 ( Rauber, 1886 ), and Spemann ( Spemann, 1938 ) had demonstrated by an egg ligation experiment that the nuclei of an eight-cell frog embryo are developmentally totipotent. (biologists.com)
However, Briggs and King ( Briggs and King, 1957 ) had also found that the nucleus of an endoderm cell from a neurula embryo could no longer support normal development ( Fig. 2 ). (biologists.com)
Fourth, each cell of the developing frog embryo contains yolk platelets that provide nutrition during prefeeding stages of embryonic life. (biomedcentral.com)
But it is perhaps not auspicious to quote him for purposes of the scientific debates on human cloning, because Ramsey agreed with and supported the scientific myth of the "pre-embryo" 47 made famous by Jesuit Richard McCormick and frog embryologist Clifford Grobstein. (lifeissues.net)
Thus if by "potential" one means "potency" - i.e., that the early human embryo already exists with a human nature that is already there, and has its own inherent power or capacity (provided by that human nature) to simply grow bigger and bigger through all the usual developmental stages through birth, then such a statement stands as accurate - both scientifically and philosophically. (lifeissues.net)
Otherwise, such a treaty would not recognize the inherent human nature of the early human embryo or fetus until after birth , and thus cloning them and using them for research - both "therapeutic" and "reproductive" -- would not be banned, and women undergoing "infertility treatments" could surely be put in danger. (lifeissues.net)
In animals , parthenogenesis means development of an embryo from an unfertilized egg cell. (alchetron.com)
Gynogenesis and pseudogamy are closely related phenomena in which a sperm or pollen triggers the development of the egg cell into an embryo but makes no genetic contribution to the embryo. (alchetron.com)
can be unambiguously characterized and the advantages offered by the early amphibian embryo have made possible the identification of some basic features of their regulation. (silverchair.com)
He and his team described the biological processes related to reproductive cyclicity, sperm, egg and embryo development in carnivores, especially felids and canids. (si.edu)
An organizer population has been identified in the anterior end of the primitive streak of the mid-streak stage embryo, by the expression of Hnf3β , Gsc lacZ and Chrd , and the ability of these cells to induce a second neural axis in the host embryo. (silverchair.com)
This cell population can therefore be regarded as the mid-gastrula organizer and, together with the early-gastrula organizer and the node, constitute the organizer of the mouse embryo at successive stages of development. (silverchair.com)
Fine mapping of the epiblast in the posterior region of the early-streak stage embryo reveals that although the early-gastrula organizer contains cells that give rise to the axial mesoderm, the bulk of the progenitors of the head process and the notochord are localized outside the early gastrula organizer. (silverchair.com)
Cells that are fated for the head process move anteriorly from the mid-gastrula organizer in a tight column along the midline of the embryo. (silverchair.com)
What are the consequences of expressing a constitutively activated form of the Toll receptor, Toll(10b), in anterior regions of the early embryo? (sdbonline.org)
These results raise the possibility that Toll signaling components diffuse in the plasma membrane or syncytial cytoplasm of the early embryo (Huang, 1997). (sdbonline.org)
Used jointly these total outcomes claim that can be an important regulator from the cell routine in the preimplantation embryo. (bioerc-iend.org)
For example, in 1888, Wilhelm Roux (1850-1924) took a hot needle, and killed one of the two-cells in the embryo of a frog. (mbl.edu)

It may occur accidentally in the case of identical twins, which are formed when a fertilized egg splits, creating two or more embryos that carry almost identical DNA. (wikipedia.org)
Kitching assigned the fossilized embryos to the species of long necked herbivores Massospondylus carinatus (longer vertebra) from the Early Jurassic period, between 200 and 183 million years ago. (asu.edu)
Frogs are easy to rear and maintain, and large sample sizes of embryos and later stages are readily obtained. (cshlpress.com)
Studies using Xenopus cell-free extracts, oocytes, eggs, embryos, larval stages, and adult frogs have yielded important insights into a multitude of key biological processes-from mechanisms underlying the cell cycle to embryonic development to human disease. (cshlpress.com)
First, the embryos are fertilized outside the mother and are thus accessible for study at the earliest stages of development. (biomedcentral.com)
Mature egg cells are produced by mitotic divisions, and these cells directly develop into embryos. (alchetron.com)
There are five distinct thresholds of gene activity in response to the Dorsal nuclear gradient in early embryos. (sdbonline.org)
This enhancer contains a cluster of low-affinity Dl binding sites that restrict expression to the ventral-most regions of early embryos. (sdbonline.org)
He found that when he shook apart the cells at the two-cell stage, both isolated cells could actually develop and become two normal embryos. (mbl.edu)
His techniques of transplanting embryonic regions from younger to older embryos (or vice-versa ) led to the concept of embryonic induction, the process by which previously-differentiated tissues trigger the next stage of differentiation, in a kind of cascade, in the developmental sequence. (mbl.edu)

This allows explanted cells to survive in simple salt solutions for several days and enables study of isolated embryonic tissues and cells. (biomedcentral.com)
iPS cells could potentially be used to generate cell types that could be transplanted to replace those lost or damaged in organs or tissues due to injury or disease. (regenhealthsolutions.info)
When studying an individual organism, a biologist could examine the cell and its organelles, the tissues that the cells make up, the organs and their respective organ systems, and the sum total-the organism itself. (dokumen.pub)
At the level of the cell, in tissues involved in secretory functions, such as the salivary glands, the cells have abundant Golgi. (dokumen.pub)
It cannot be detected in the unfertilized egg, sperm or differentiated tissues such as liver or muscle. (silverchair.com)
We propose that quantitative experimental embryology offers essential ways to explore the reaction of cells and tissues to targeted cell addition, removal, and confinement. (mdpi.com)
For instance, effective transfer of programmable nucleases to living cells, tissues, or organs that contain the target gene is important for genome editing. (molcells.org)
During this time, Spemann continued his experiments with transplantation of tissues in amphibians (frogs and salamanders). (mbl.edu)

They performed nuclear transfer experiments in which nuclei from embryonic, foetal and adult cells of the sheep were transplanted into fertilized eggs derived from ewes. (shawprize.org)
Even advanced donor cells from the endoderm of Xenopus tadpoles have nuclei that can sometimes yield normal individuals after nuclear transfer [data taken from Briggs and King ( Briggs and King, 1957 ) for Rana and from Gurdon ( Gurdon, 1962 ) for Xenopus ]. (biologists.com)
Transplantation of living nuclei from blastula cells into enucleated frogs' eggs. (chinagene.cn)
Cytoplasmic impact on cross-genus cloned fish derived from transgenic common carp ( Cyprinus carpio ) nuclei and gold-fish ( Carassius auratus ) enucleated eggs. (chinagene.cn)

Prior to 1996, it was thought that cloning an entire animal could only be done with embryonic cells - cells present in the early stages of an organism's development. (cshl.edu)
The frog Xenopus laevis has been used to study early stages of vertebrate development for more than 50 years and continues to be an important model system. (biomedcentral.com)
In the axolotl, DNA-ligase I (8S) is specific for embryonic stages. (silverchair.com)
through all stages from the cell routine may be thoroughly modified during advancement to be able to meet the demands of a given Dalcetrapib cell at specific stages. (bioerc-iend.org)

Taking advantage of this simple mode of embryogenesis, as well as well-characterized genes involved in developmental, Ciona is now a model experimental system for exploring gene regulatory networks for differentiation of embryonic cells [Imai et al. (oist.jp)
Many important developmental procedures including proliferation development patterning and differentiation need the cell routine to be carefully coordinated with several signaling pathways. (bioerc-iend.org)
The endocycle is certainly popular among multicellular microorganisms and it is associated with development and differentiation (e.g. nurse cells and follicular cells from the oocyte cyst). (bioerc-iend.org)
After implantation differentiation of trophoblast large cells which get excited about the remodeling from the maternal uterus during implantation is certainly achieved through many endocycles resulting in boosts of DNA articles up to 1000N (48). (bioerc-iend.org)

In 1996, Dolly the sheep achieved notoriety for being the first mammal cloned from a somatic cell. (wikipedia.org)
Half a century ago, it was found by John Gurdon that this developmental clock can be reversed, and that differentiated somatic cells in a frog model could regain their pluripotency or totipotency. (shawprize.org)
Somatic-cell nuclear transfer, the technique by which Dolly was created, was first used 40 years ago in research with tadpoles and frogs. (who.int)
The nucleus of an adult somatic cell (such as a skin cell) is removed and transferred to an enucleated egg, which is then stimulated with electric current or chemicals to activate cell division. (who.int)
if it implants and the pregnancy goes to term, the resulting individual will carry the same nuclear genetic material as the donor of the adult somatic cell. (who.int)
Scientists were initially interested in somatic-cell nuclear transfer as a means of determining whether genes remain functional even after most of them have been switched off as the cells in a developing organism assume their specialized functions as blood cells, muscle cells, and so forth. (who.int)
As a brand new graduate student starting in October 1956, my supervisor Michail Fischberg, a lecturer in the department of Zoology at Oxford, suggested that I should try to make somatic cell nuclear transplantation work in the South African frog Xenopus laevis . (biologists.com)
It was clear that a definitive experiment required the replacement of a zygote nucleus by a somatic cell nucleus, asking whether the somatic nucleus could functionally replace the zygote nucleus by eliciting normal development of the enucleated recipient egg ( Fig. 1 )? (biologists.com)

Members of the frog Xenopus genus are versatile model organisms used in developmental biology, cell biology, neuroscience, and toxicology research, among others. (cshlpress.com)
It is a critical reference for laboratories that currently work with these organisms and will serve as an essential start-up guide for those seeking to start using Xenopus frogs in their research for the first time. (cshlpress.com)
This Spotlight article is a commentary on the early nuclear transplant work in Xenopus , which was very important for the Nobel award in 2012, and the influence of this work on the reprogramming field. (biologists.com)
The frog Xenopus laevis has been an important model of vertebrate cell biology and development for many decades. (biomedcentral.com)
The closely related frog Xenopus tropicalis shares all the features of X. laevis that make this system useful for embryonic manipulation but it develops more rapidly (sexual maturity is reached in 5 to 9 months) and has a diploid genome. (biomedcentral.com)

One of the live-born lambs, Dolly, was derived from the transplantation of the nucleus of an adult mammary cell. (shawprize.org)

Thus, the clone would be genetically identical to the nucleus donor only if the egg came from the same donor or from her maternal line. (who.int)
The egg cell now had the same genetic information as the nucleus donor mouse. (cshl.edu)
DNA fingerprinting confirmed that Cumulina had the same DNA as the nucleus donor. (cshl.edu)

Transposable elements will provide invaluable tools for manipulating the frog genome. (biomedcentral.com)
The high fecundity of the frog combined with the ability to remobilize transposon transgenes integrated into frog genome will allow large-scale insertional mutagenesis screens to be performed in laboratories with modest husbandry capacities. (biomedcentral.com)
Here, we review the application of transposable elements to modification of the frog genome. (biomedcentral.com)
Once integrated into the frog genome, the 'cut-and-paste' DNA transposons are targets for remobilization by re-expression of the appropriate transposase enzyme. (biomedcentral.com)
On the two-cell stage transcription from the zygotic genome takes place and is necessary for the next cleavages to occur (11). (bioerc-iend.org)
Let's transplant the genome of species A in a cell of species B and see whether the resulting individuals will resemble species A, species B, or something else. (blogspot.com)
If you are correct, then the result should not look like the genome donor species A, right? (blogspot.com)

The equatorial segment of the acrosome underlies the domain of the sperm that fuses with the egg membrane during fertilization. (bioone.org)
During the life cycle of flowering plants, nuclear fusion occurs three times: once during female gametogenesis and twice during double fertilization, when two sperm cells fertilize the egg and the central cell. (preprints.org)

Briggs and King ( Briggs and King, 1952 ) had already succeeded in transplanting a blastula cell nucleus into an enucleated egg and obtaining normal tadpoles in the frog Rana pipiens . (biologists.com)
A) Unfertilized egg and diploid blastula 24 h, (B) haploid androgenetic blastula 24h, (C) axolotl activated egg implanted with Pleurodeles blastula nucleus, diploid, (D) axolotl activated egg, implanted with Pleurodeles haploid androgenetic nucleus, (E) same experiment as D, except a transient treatment with spermine of the transplanted nucleus. (silverchair.com)

A fertilized egg of Ciona intestinalis develops within 18 hours to a larva, which consists of approximately 2600 cells with distinct cell types, including epidermis, nervous system, muscle, notochord, mesenchyme, and endoderm. (oist.jp)

Attempts were then made to show that mammalian cells - and human cells in particular - could also be reprogrammed back to a pluripotent state, because it is believed that such knowledge may advance our understanding of developmental mechanisms, and yield new approaches for disease treatment. (shawprize.org)
Many transitions in the business from the cell routine are found during early mammalian advancement. (bioerc-iend.org)

Normal egg cells form after meiosis and are haploid, with half as many chromosomes as their mother's body cells. (alchetron.com)

After a small number of cell divisions, embryonic cells start to change into the different types of cells that an organism needs, including cells that form muscle, blood, liver, etc. (cshl.edu)
Before the experiment at the Roslin Institute, it was thought that once cells differentiated, they could not be used to generate an entire organism. (cshl.edu)
In the 1960s, the early days of stem cell research, John Gurdon was a student in the U.K. when he began working on cloning - transplanting the nucleus from the cell of one organism into the egg of another where the nucleus had been removed. (regenhealthsolutions.info)
In fact, in the right environment, adult cells could revert to an earlier, embryonic cell type that would be capable of giving rise to all the specialized cell types present in an adult organism. (regenhealthsolutions.info)
They conducted experiments, and gained clues about the nature of development, and the role of the cell in the organism. (mbl.edu)

The scientists honoured by the 2008 Shaw Prize in Life Science and Medicine used different approaches to reprogramme an adult cell into the totipotent or pluripotent state, and in doing so made important contributions to potential new approaches to improve agriculture practices and to treat human diseases. (shawprize.org)
In the 1950s, scientists generated entire frogs from embryonic frog cells. (cshl.edu)
The scientists at the Roslin Institute solved this problem by growing sheep udder cells under starvation conditions. (cshl.edu)
Scientists found that Dolly had the same DNA as the udder cells she came from. (cshl.edu)
The scientists have taken cells from Cumulina to make more clones. (cshl.edu)
An important achievement in stem cell research was recognized in 2012, when the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine was awarded to two scientists who transformed the field: Shinya Yamanaka and John Gurdon. (regenhealthsolutions.info)
The implications of the Gurdon/Yamanaka discovery have been wide-ranging and continue to help scientists understand cell biology and development. (regenhealthsolutions.info)
Most scientists came to accept the idea that in animals, new (daughter) cells arise by old (parent) cells dividing into two. (mbl.edu)
The debate between these different perspectives continued, and led scientists to try to identify what exactly happens when cells divide, in particular the mechanics of the process, and its consequences. (mbl.edu)
In a new study scientists have been able to regrow the sensory hair cells found in the cochlea -- a part of the inner ear -- that converts sound vibrations into electrical signals and can be permanently lost due to age or noise damage. (regenerativemedicine.net)
However, scientists have long observed that other animals -- namely birds, frogs, and fish -- have been shown to have the ability to regenerate lost sensory hair cells. (regenerativemedicine.net)

The embryonic cleavage cycles are maternally powered as nutrition and cell routine factors are kept in the egg cytoplasm during oogenesis. (bioerc-iend.org)
Driesch therefore suggested that the daughter cells have the same hereditary material as the parent cell, and that it is only through chemical changes in the nucleus, determined by changes in the cytoplasm, that cells become different types. (mbl.edu)

The fact that the DNA of a fully differentiated (adult) cell could be stimulated to revert to a condition comparable to that of a newly fertilized egg and to repeat the process of embryonic development demonstrates that all the genes in differentiated cells retain their functional capacity, although only a few are active. (who.int)
His experiments demonstrated that a mature cell, one that was fully differentiated, could revert to an earlier state when introduced into a developing egg, in this case a frog tadpole. (regenhealthsolutions.info)

Each and every cell in the body, except for foreign cells, could be traced back through successive divisions to the fertilized egg, or zygote. (mbl.edu)

1] Spemann H. Embryonic development and induction. (chinagene.cn)

Fruit flies of the species Drosophila melanogaster develop from eggs to adults in eight to ten days at 25 degrees Celsius. (asu.edu)
Third, many amphibian species lay vast numbers of eggs, providing adequate numbers for study. (biomedcentral.com)
David Wildt leads the Center for Species Survival team that has generated much of what we now know about how many wildlife species reproduce (from frogs to elephants). (si.edu)

In mice, the cochlea expresses EGF receptors throughout the animal's life, but they apparently never drive regeneration of hair cells," said White. (regenerativemedicine.net)
Our research is focused on finding a way to switch the pathway temporarily, in order to promote both regeneration of hair cells and their integration with nerve cells, both of which are critical for hearing. (regenerativemedicine.net)
Furthermore, it appears that this process not only could impact the regeneration of sensory hair cells, but also support their integration with nerve cells. (regenerativemedicine.net)

Because they are the patient's own cells, they escape immune rejection that remains a serious concern for current organ transplants from donors. (regenhealthsolutions.info)
All eighteen of the Advisory Committees recommendations are presented in Chapter 2 of this edition as part of a general review of long waiting lists and the increasing importance of living organ donors. (binaryoptiontradingscam.com)

Another example of artificial cloning is molecular cloning, a technique in molecular biology in which a single living cell is used to clone a large population of cells that contain identical DNA molecules. (wikipedia.org)
The term applies not only to entire organisms but also to copies of molecules (such as DNA) and cells. (who.int)
Shinya Inoué, Collected Works Of Shinya Inoué: Microscopes, Living Cells, and Dynamic Molecules (With DVD-ROM). (mbl.edu)
The protein and RNA molecules produced by cells associate with each other in a context-dependent fashion or, in many cases, catalyze chemical reactions (generating lipids, polysaccharides and other molecules), whose rates depend on the temperature and composition of the external environment. (blogspot.com)
So the population of molecules inside the cell can vary extensively even if the genes do not. (blogspot.com)

Although each of these cells has the same genetic material, each cell can only access the genes needed for its particular function. (cshl.edu)
The very important question to be addressed at that time was whether all cell types in the body have the same set of genes. (biologists.com)
It wasn't until more than 40 years after Gurdon's work that Shinya Yamanaka and his colleagues in Japan identified the key genes that control this "reprogramming" of adult cells. (regenhealthsolutions.info)
Yamanaka and his team identified just four genes that, if expressed in adult skin cells, could convert mature cells back into pluripotent stem cells that could become any cell in the body. (regenhealthsolutions.info)
Since, as described above, the composition of the cell's interior and the activity of many of its proteins depend on more than just the genes, the portion of the genes' information content that is actually used by the cell is determined, in part, by non-genetic factors. (blogspot.com)

With that new understanding, researchers began working to answer key biological questions that surfaced from those early experiments: what genetic, biological, or chemical components were responsible for encouraging cells to go back to an earlier state and regain the potential to become any cell type? (regenhealthsolutions.info)
2012)]. In collaboration with other labs, we are now carrying out several experiments to understand the developmental mechanisms of notochord formation at the single-cell level. (oist.jp)

Soon, Yamanaka and another scientist, James Thomson in the U.S., published studies showing that human cells could be similarly reprogrammed back to a pluripotent state. (regenhealthsolutions.info)

The nucleus (which contains the genetic material) was removed from the egg cell using a very fine needle. (cshl.edu)
Although the egg cell came from a black-faced sheep, notice that the nucleus with the genetic material came from the white-faced sheep. (cshl.edu)

Thus, Dolly was the first example of the reprogramming of the adult cell back to totipotency in a mammal. (shawprize.org)
cows have also been cloned using ovary and cumulus cells with the same method that was used to clone Dolly. (cshl.edu)

This egg cell's nucleus had already been removed. (cshl.edu)

As an important sub-field in the study of animal cloning, fish nuclear transfer was first established in the early 1960s by Chinese embryologists. (chinagene.cn)
12] Lee KY, Huang HG, Ju BS, Yang ZG, Lin S. Cloned ze-brafish by nuclear transfer from long-term-cultured cells. (chinagene.cn)

In fact, the normal level of activity for the heavy molecular form of the enzyme has been established by the time the egg enters cleavage, 7h after activation. (silverchair.com)
How plastic the normal cell cycle is usually becomes clear when comparing the so-called "embryonic cleavage cycles" and the endoreplication cycle also referred to as the endocycle. (bioerc-iend.org)

In the field of biotechnology, cloning is the process of creating cloned organisms of cells and of DNA fragments. (wikipedia.org)
The process of moving a scientific discovery into an actual treatment available for patients takes many years, even decades, and there is currently no medical treatment that directly involves iPS cells, though many are being developed and some are in clinical trial. (regenhealthsolutions.info)
In flowering plants, cells of the gametophyte can undergo this process. (alchetron.com)
A baby developing from a fertilized egg is an endergonic process. (dokumen.pub)
In the mid-gastrula organizer, early gastrula organizer derived cells that are fated for the prechordal mesoderm are joined by the progenitors of the head process that are recruited from the epiblast previously anterior to the early gastrula organizer. (silverchair.com)
The researchers found that activating the ERBB2 pathway triggered a cascading series of cellular events by which cochlear support cells began to proliferate and start the process of activating other neighboring stem cells to become new sensory hair cells. (regenerativemedicine.net)

Ian Wilmut and Keith H S Campbell worked together in the Roslin Institute near Edinburgh for many years, using sheep as the model, in order to understand the early physiology of the egg and how laboratory manipulations can improve our knowledge of the development from egg to birth. (shawprize.org)
Early laboratory tests in rodent populations showed that pregnant rodents could safely use it, so doctors prescribed Thalidomide to treat morning sickness in pregnant women. (asu.edu)
A laboratory in Hawaii run by Dr. Ryuzo Yanagimachi was the second group to successfully clone an animal from an adult cell. (cshl.edu)

Gurdon's work provided a fundamental paradigm shift for developmental biologists: an adult cell, in an already differentiated state, was not permanently stuck in that state as had been previously thought. (regenhealthsolutions.info)

5. In 2001, France and Germany requested the United Nations General Assembly to develop international conventions on human reproductive cloning, therapeutic cloning and research on stem cells. (who.int)
With stem cell biology and molecular understanding of reproductive failure, new therapies for previously untreatable infertility are currently on the near horizon. (infertile.com)

The frog lays abundant eggs that are large, develop synchronously, and are easy to manipulate. (biomedcentral.com)

ESP is the earliest known protein to be recognized as a marker for the specification of the equatorial segment, and it allows this region to be traced through all phases of acrosomal biogenesis. (bioone.org)
the rate at which a protein is synthesized, which depends on factors internal and external to the cell, affects the order in which its different portions fold. (blogspot.com)

The technique synchronized the cell cycles of both cells and the results led Wilmut and Campbell to believe that any type of cell could be used to produce a clone. (shawprize.org)
Another four cell cycles typical 12 h each resulting in the 32-cell early blastocyst (16). (bioerc-iend.org)

Yamanaka was able to induce adult mouse cells to a pluripotent state whereby the cells mimicked embryonic stem cells and could become any cell type in the body. (regenhealthsolutions.info)

These cells can be analyzed in labs to uncover the underlying mechanisms of the disease, including the identification of new genetic and environmental causes. (regenhealthsolutions.info)

Research conducted in the lab of Patricia White, Ph.D., in 2012 identified a family of receptors -- called epidermal growth factor (EGF) -- responsible for activating support cells in the auditory organs of birds. (regenerativemedicine.net)

Transgenic frogs that express the enzyme in the germline can be bred with animals harboring a transposon substrate to generate double transgenic lines where remobilization will occur in the germline in subsequent generations. (biomedcentral.com)
DNA-ligase activity in eukaryotic cells is carried out by two different molecular forms of the enzyme. (silverchair.com)
In the same cytoplasmic environment, and following egg activation and DNA replication, the gene for DNA-ligase I introduced by the male pronucleus is unable to direct any production of the corresponding enzyme. (silverchair.com)

Once perceived as an unimportant occurrence in living organisms, cell degeneration was reconfigured as an important biological phenomenon in development, aging, health, and diseases in the twentieth century. (asu.edu)

The use of embryonic stem cells, which can be produced through SCNT, in some stem cell research has attracted controversy. (wikipedia.org)
Collectively, the research by Gurdon and Yamanaka ushered in a new era that changed the face of stem cell research. (regenhealthsolutions.info)

Based on these observations, we propose a new model of acrosome biogenesis in which the equatorial segment is defined as a discrete domain within the acrosomal vesicle as early as the Golgi phase of acrosome biogenesis. (bioone.org)

However, an animal created through this technique would not be a precise genetic copy of the source of its nuclear DNA because each clone derives a small amount of its DNA from the mitochondria of the egg (which lie outside the nucleus) rather than from the donor of cell nucleus. (who.int)
She is a clone of these udder cells. (cshl.edu)
First, the cells used to clone the mice were not grown in culture, but instead were used immediately. (cshl.edu)

For example, experimental iPS cell therapies are being investigated that may one day replace neurons in Parkinson's Disease patient brains, different cell types of the eye for degenerative eye conditions , heart cells for heart disease , and more. (regenhealthsolutions.info)
OBJECTIVE: To investigate whether mouse epididymis-specific mRNAs Adam7 and Crisp1 can be delivered into N2a and TM4 cells, and to provide an experimental basis for exploring the function of epididymal mRNAs. (bvsalud.org)

The blastocyst includes two cell Dalcetrapib types: the trophectoderm (TE) that provides rise towards the placenta and an internal cell mass Dalcetrapib (ICM) that the complete fetus and area of the extraembryonic tissue will establish. (bioerc-iend.org)

1) The experimenter dissects a donor larva, which is in the third instar stage of development, and removes the optic disc (colored red) with a micropipette. (asu.edu)
After roughly a day, each egg hatches into a larva. (asu.edu)

Pathways of a Cell Biologist. (mbl.edu)

Several features of amphibian embryonic life make these animals useful as models for studying early developmental events. (biomedcentral.com)
In the middle of the nineteenth-century, biologists proposed different ways in which the cells that make up organisms were produced. (mbl.edu)
The Honeycomb Game is a word-building game: make words by clicking on cells in the honeycomb below. (claylane.uk)

Together, they received the award for "the discovery that mature cells can be reprogrammed to become pluripotent. (regenhealthsolutions.info)
Light microscopic immunofluorescent observations revealed that during acrosome biogenesis ESP first appears in the nascent acrosomal vesicle in early round spermatids and subsequently segregates to the periphery of the expanding acrosomal vesicle, thereby defining a peripheral equatorial segment compartment within flattened acrosomal vesicles and in the acrosomes of early and late cap phase, elongating, and mature spermatids. (bioone.org)

The researchers focused on a specific receptor called ERBB2 which is found in cochlear support cells. (regenerativemedicine.net)

d) Contralateral octaval and reticular cells at the level of the Mauthner neuron. (binaryoptiontradingscam.com)

iPS cells have shown promise as a tool in predicting how particular patients will respond to potential therapies. (regenhealthsolutions.info)

This dissertation tells a twentieth-century history of scientific investigations on cell degeneration, including cell death and aging. (asu.edu)

4 C 6 D 8 D 10 A 12 C 15 The advantages of light microscopes are that they are easily obtained, and the light beam does not kill the cells. (dokumen.pub)
Transmission electron microscopes are designed to examine the internal structures of a cell, whereas a scanning electron microscope only allows visualization of the surface of a structure. (dokumen.pub)

and human spermatogenic stem cell culture to treat azoospermia, and to preserve fertility in pre-pubertal boys undergoing cancer treatment. (infertile.com)

Anatomy24

Organisms20

Diseases4

Chemicals and Drugs12

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment14

Psychiatry and Psychology1

Phenomena and Processes21

Technology, Industry, Agriculture5

Information Science4

Named Groups4

Health Care4

Embryo23

Embryos10

Tissues8

Nuclei4

Stages4

Differentiation4

Somatic8

Xenopus5

Transplantation1

Nucleus donor3

Genome7

Sperm2

Blastula2

Endoderm1

Mammalian2

Haploid1

Organism5

Scientists11

Cytoplasm2

Revert2

Divisions1

Induction1

Species3

Regeneration3

Organ2

Molecules5

Genes5

Experiments2

Back to a pluripotent state1

Genetic material2

Dolly2

Cell's1

Nuclear transfer2

Cleavage2

Process6

Laboratory3

Adult cell1

Reproductive2

Abundant1

Protein2

Cycles2

Induce1

Mechanisms1

Organs1

Enzyme3

Biological1

Stem cell res2

Golgi1

Clone3

Experimental2

Placenta1

Larva2

Biologist1

Make3

Mature2

Receptor1

Neuron1

Therapies1

Twentieth century1

Microscopes2

Human1